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The University of Arizona Digging Up Whiskey Row: An Archaeological and Historical Investigation of Industrial Capitalism on the North Shore of Lake Superior Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Tumberg, Timothy Andrew Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 20:02:27 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/247273 DIGGING UP WHISKEY ROW: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL INVESTIGATION OF INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM ON THE NORTH SHORE OF LAKE SUPERIOR by Timothy Andrew Tumberg _____________________ Copyright © Timothy Andrew Tumberg 2012 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2012 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Timothy Andrew Tumberg entitled Digging Up Whiskey Row: An Archaeological and Historical Investigation of Industrial Capitalism on the North Shore of Lake Superior and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________Date: 4/13/2012 Teresita Majewski _______________________________________________________________________Date: 4/13/2012 J. Jefferson Reid _______________________________________________________________________Date: 4/13/2012 Michael Brian Schiffer _______________________________________________________________________Date: 4/13/2012 Lars Fogelin _______________________________________________________________________Date: Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: 4/13/2012 Dissertation Director: Teresita Majewski ________________________________________________ Date: 4/13/2012 Dissertation Director: J. Jefferson Reid 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Timothy Andrew Tumberg 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I must first and foremost thank the members of my dissertation committee. I am particularly grateful to committee co-Chair Terry Majewski, who went above and beyond the call of duty. She gave guidance and encouragement, coordinated communication and delivered paperwork. Co-chair Jeff Reid offered consistently sound advice regarding ways to focus my research and efficiently negotiate the academic process. This dissertation is certainly much stronger thanks to the sage advice and constructive criticism of Mike Schiffer. Thank you also to Lars Fogelin for stepping in at the last minute to fill a critical role on the committee. Jennifer Croissant and David Killick were valuable mentors during my time at UA. In addition to UA faculty, thank you to Donald Hardesty from the University of Nevada-Reno who graciously agreed to provide comments as an outside reader, Terry Reynolds from Michigan Tech who did his best to improve my suspect writing style, and David Landon, Pat Martin, and Susan Martin who provided me with a solid foundation in historical and industrial archaeology while at Michigan Tech. I am grateful for the support from my employers, the Minnesota Historical Society (MHS) and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR) Thanks especially to Kent Skaar and Pat Emerson, for their consistent support and willingness to do everything possible to make the project proceed smoothly. Colleagues who provided professional assistance included Stacy Allan, Doug George, Leroy Gonsior, and Dave Radford (MHS), David Mather and Kelly Gragg-Johnson (Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office), and my former program assistant, Grady Larimer. My current assistants, Jennifer Tworzyanski and Miranda Van Vleet have been a tremendous help in completing the Agate Bay field review, and facilitating the completion of other projects while my focus has been on Agate Bay. Thank you also to Larry Killien (MNDNR), Karen Krepps (Army Corps of Engineers), and Tom Peterson, Joe Russell, DuWayne Larson, Kevin Johnson and Dave Libby (Two Harbors area DNR office). Thanks to Kate Ratkovich, who volunteered and worked at Agate Bay beginning in 2008, and the Agate Bay crew members including Seth Button, Charlie Yesberger, Matthew Finneman, Kelly Haworth, Amy Ollila, Andy Rand, Lindsey Reiners, Gabriel Ross, Tom Ross, Kelly Wolf and Jessica Montcalm. Thanks to volunteers Reed Welke, Sue Mulholland and the University of Minnesota-Duluth field school students, and Dick and June Axelson who celebrated their 50th anniversary during the public dig event. I am particularly grateful to Todd Lindahl, who volunteered copious amounts of excavation time, shared many of the results of his archival research, and pointed me toward other potential information sources. Thanks to the Lake County Historical Society and Mel Sando who supported the project throughout the process, and Lake County News-Chronicle reporter Monica Isley who ensured that the initial archaeological work was prominently and positively featured in the local newspaper. Two Harbors resident Don Menuey’s contribution of numerous volunteer excavation hours is also greatly appreciated. The development of my scholarly thought process owes much to conversations with Sarah Cowie, Paul White, and Andrea Vermeer. They are all good friends as well as colleagues. Thanks also go to my parents-in-law, Dale and Sandra Gronhovd. Both retired university professors, albeit not archaeologists, they offered practical and tactical advice about the university process. As a former teacher of technical writing, Sandra also helped me with insightful editorial assistance. On a more personal note, I owe a great deal to my parents Andy and Janet Tumberg. They never once wavered in their support of the dream I chose to pursue. Thanks to Lora, Corey, B.U., Chris and Andrea for being there in times of great stress, and to my self-appointed “life coach” Joe McFarlane who keeps me from taking myself too seriously. Finally, and most importantly, I profoundly thank my family. Elsa and Nora, at the ripe old ages of 10 and eight, have never known a moment when their father did not have an incomplete dissertation hanging over his head. Yes, Elsa, hopefully this means that “now we can have a normal life.” To Amanda, this section is not sufficient to acknowledge your contributions. Please see the Dedication page. 5 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my wife, Amanda Gronhovd. Amanda has been with me every step of the way, from our move to Tucson in August of 1999 to our return to Minnesota in the spring of 2001, to these past 11+ years while we have tried our best to raise children and live a normal life with the ever-present specter of an unfinished dissertation and degree looming in the background. Amanda has been a critical part of this overall project on a practical level, being a major part of both the field crew and the lab crew. More important, she has been involved with virtually every nuance of every decision of magnitude along the way. We have had hours of conversation about the project and the process. Our conversations have not always been comfortable for me but they have generally been necessary. Amanda managed to strike a balance between a “tough love” sort of haranguing and overt encouragement that proved quite effective. For all that she contributed, both tangible and intangible, I can state with the utmost sincerity and conviction that without her influence I would not have completed this degree. Thank you, Amanda. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. 8 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... 9 ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... 10 PREFACE ............................................................................................................................ 12 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 17 Summary of Previous Regional Research .................................................................... 17 Organization of Chapters .............................................................................................. 19 CHAPTER 2: THEORY ........................................................................................................
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