E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 114 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 161 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, MAY 7, 2015 No. 69 House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Friday, May 8, 2015, at 11 a.m. Senate THURSDAY, MAY 7, 2015

The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was Spirit: justice, truth, freedom, and ENSURING TAX EXEMPT ORGANI- called to order by the Honorable DEAN righteousness. ZATIONS THE RIGHT TO APPEAL HELLER, a Senator from the State of May Your Name be praised forever ACT—MOTION TO PROCEED Nevada. and ever. Amen. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I f f move to proceed to H.R. 1314. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- PRAYER PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE pore. The clerk will report the motion. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Today’s The Presiding Officer led the Pledge The legislative clerk read as follows: opening prayer will be offered by His of Allegiance, as follows: Motion to proceed to Calendar No. 58, H.R. Holiness Aram I, Catholicos of the I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the 1314, a bill to amend the Internal Revenue Great House of Cilicia, Armenian Apos- United States of America, and to the Repub- Code of 1986 to provide for a right to an ad- ministrative appeal relating to adverse de- tolic Church in America, from New lic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. terminations of tax-exempt status of certain York, NY. organizations. f The guest Chaplain offered the fol- CLOTURE MOTION lowing prayer: APPOINTMENT OF ACTING Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I In the Name of the Father, the Son, PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE send a cloture motion to the desk. and the Holy Spirit. Amen. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Almighty God, we ask You to guide The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will please read a communication pore. The cloture motion having been our reflection, our action, and all our presented under rule XXII, the Chair endeavors, and we ask Your guidance, to the Senate from the President pro tempore (Mr. HATCH). directs the clerk to read the motion. especially in the deliberations and de- The legislative clerk read as follows: cisions of this noble body because The legislative clerk read the fol- lowing letter: CLOTURE MOTION strong, wise, and visionary leadership We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- U.S. SENATE, is essential for the well-being of na- ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, tions. Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby This year is the centenary of the Ar- Washington, DC, May 7, 2015. To the Senate: move to bring to a close debate on the mo- menian genocide—the first genocide of Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, tion to proceed to H.R. 1314, an act to amend the many that followed in the 20th cen- of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide 1 for the right to an administrative appeal re- tury. In commemorating 1 ⁄2 million appoint the Honorable DEAN HELLER, a Sen- Armenian martyrs, we claim justice. ator from the State of Nevada, to perform lating to adverse determinations of tax-ex- the duties of the Chair. empt status of certain organizations. Indeed, justice is a gift of God, and vio- Mitch McConnell, Bob Corker, Joni lation of justice is a sin against God. ORRIN G. HATCH, President pro tempore. Ernst, Bill Cassidy, John Cornyn, Thad We beseech You, O Lord, to bless the Cochran, Shelley Moore Capito, Deb United States of America and its peo- Mr. HELLER thereupon assumed the Fischer, John McCain, James ple. Empower them to continue serving Chair as Acting President pro tempore. Lankford, Patrick J. Toomey, Roy humanity through Your goodness, as f Blunt, Ron Johnson, Pat Roberts, they did when they sheltered the rem- David Perdue, David Vitter, Ben Sasse. nants of the Armenian nation and all RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- those who sought freedom and justice. LEADER pore. The Senator from Rhode Island. O Lord, give Your children wisdom, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- WELCOMING THE GUEST CHAPLAIN love, and compassion so that they may pore. The majority leader is recog- Mr. REED. Mr. President, I am hon- live and prosper with the gifts of Your nized. ored to be here today to welcome His

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:43 May 07, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A07MY6.000 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S2700 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 7, 2015 Holiness Aram I, Catholicos of the devolved into something else alto- China, for one. China is determined to Great House of Cilicia. gether. Instead of ending Iran’s nuclear dominate its neighbors. China wants to Since 1995, His Holiness has served as program, the interim agreement would diminish American influence in the Pa- the leader of Armenian communities actually bestow international blessing cific. And China wants to substitute across the globe, including many mem- for Iran to continue it. Rather than American-style rules of global eco- bers of the Armenian diaspora in my meaningfully roll back Tehran’s en- nomic fair play for Chinese-style rules State of Rhode Island. richment capability and dismantle its of monopolistic cartels and mer- His Holiness will be visiting Sts. nuclear infrastructure, the interim cantilism. That is not an outcome any Vartanantz Armenian Apostolic agreement would actually permit Iran American should be willing to accept. Church in Providence on May 30, and to become a nuclear threshold state We are a Pacific nation. We have im- members of the Armenian community poised right at the edge of obtaining a portant allies in the region—nations in Rhode Island look forward to wel- nuclear weapon. such as Japan, Australia, South Korea, coming him. Iran would love nothing more than and New Zealand—that are today just He is an accomplished scholar, a de- for the international community to as much of a modern, democratic, and voted humanitarian, and a strong spir- recognize its threshold program. The market-oriented West as we are. itual shepherd. Iranian regime would also love to be The 21st century also promises to be Recently, we marked the 100th anni- rid of the crippling sanctions that an Asia-Pacific century. If we care versary of the Armenian Genocide, forced it to the table in the first place. about preserving and extending Amer- which claimed the lives of nearly one Iran would, of course, divert those new ican leadership globally, then we can- and a half million Armenians, exiled funds to support the Assad regime, fi- not cede the most dynamic region in over a half a million survivors, and nance terrorist proxies such as the world to China. One way to pre- deeply impacted all Armenians Hezbollah, modernize its conventional serve our leadership would be to invest throughout the world. capabilities, and further support the in the weapons systems and platforms On this centennial, we reflect on this Houthis in Yemen. This would only re- that would fulfill the Obama adminis- exceptionally grave tragedy, and look- affirm the fears of moderate Sunni al- tration’s would-be pivot to Asia. An- ing to the future, continue to work to lies that America is withdrawing— other important way would be to dem- promote both peace and human rights withdrawing—in the face of Iran’s de- onstrate our economic leadership. That worldwide. termined effort to expand its sphere of is just one more reason why passing And there is no one better to help us influence. the Bipartisan Congressional Trade do so. For all this, what would the United Priorities and Accountability Act is so It is indeed an honor to welcome His States gain from such an agreement important. Holiness, to hear his words of prayer from Iran? We would have given up our The United States is currently nego- and reflection, and to go forward know- best leverage over the regime. And for tiating an agreement with a whole host ing that he is a powerful force for tol- what? That is a very good question—a of Pacific nations—not just Japan and erance and decency. I thank him for very good question. Australia but also countries such as being here today and for sharing his If a final agreement is reached that Canada and Chile—that would cement words of wisdom with the Senate and looks much like the interim agreement and enhance our role in the world’s the Nation. we have seen, it is not hard to perceive fastest growing region. The so-called I yield the floor. the possibilities of negative con- Trans-Pacific Partnership would lower The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- sequences. But let me be clear. A bad unfair trade barriers to American-made pore. The majority leader. agreement seems far more likely to goods and American produce sold in Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, it is eventually lead to the kind of military the Pacific. That would represent a good to see the Senate—— conflict everyone wants to avoid than huge win for American workers and Mr. REID. Mr. President, if I could no agreement at all. President Obama American farmers, to say nothing of ask the distinguished majority leader would also be leaving the task of deal- the far-reaching geopolitical implica- if he would be willing to go into a ing with violations of an agreement to tions for our country. But our trade ne- quorum call for a brief conversation. his successor. gotiators cannot bring this Pacific I suggest the absence of a quorum. I say all this to underline the need agreement back to Congress for careful The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- for the bipartisan Iran Nuclear Agree- review and deliberation unless Con- pore. The clerk will call the roll. ment Review Act which is before us gress assures our trading partners that The legislative clerk proceeded to today. the agreement is going to get a fair up- call the roll. If we didn’t face the threats of fili- or-down vote. That is just what the Bi- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I busters or the blocking of amendments partisan Congressional Trade Priorities ask unanimous consent that the order or the specter of Presidential vetoes, and Accountability Act would do. for the quorum call be rescinded. this bill would be a heck of a lot This bipartisan bill would also force The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- stronger, I assure you. But the truth is, America’s trade negotiators to meet pore. Without objection, it is so or- we face all those things. We do. That is congressional objectives and consult dered. the frustrating reality. The response to with Congress regularly throughout IRAN NUCLEAR AGREEMENT REVIEW ACT AND BI- this should not be to give the American the process. It would ensure that an PARTISAN CONGRESSIONAL TRADE PRIORITIES people no say at all on a deal with Iran; agreement such as the Trans-Pacific AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT the response should be to overcome Partnership could not be enacted with- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, it is these challenges in a way that will give out explicit congressional approval. good to see that the Senate will soon Congress and the American people the It is a commonsense bill that was be passing another important piece of best possible chance to review any pos- supported by a large number of Repub- bipartisan legislation. sible deal and affect its outcome. licans and Democrats in committee, The Iran Nuclear Agreement Review So I would urge Members of both of passing by a vote of 20 to 6. So there is Act offers the best chance for our con- our parties here in the Senate to join no reason we shouldn’t turn to this bill stituents, through the Congress they me in supporting this bill. And make and then pass it. elect, to weigh in on the White House’s no mistake—that will not be the end of The other countries in the region negotiations with Iran. And make no the story, either. This Congress is de- have made clear that they will have re- mistake—they need to have that oppor- termined to pursue other avenues to gional trade agreements with or with- tunity. address Iran’s aggressive campaign of out us, whether we participate or not. The American people were led to be- expansion and intimidation in the And if we walk away, China will step lieve these negotiations would be about months to come. right in, no question about that. ending Iran’s nuclear program and— On the topic of aggressive campaigns So we will soon turn to the Bipar- and—its enrichment capabilities. But in pursuit of expansion and intimida- tisan Congressional Trade Priorities the current interim agreement makes tion, there are several other countries and Accountability Act, and when we one thing very clear: These talks have around the world that come to mind— do, we will have a choice to make:

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:13 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.001 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2701 Would we rather seen Chinese workers tire,’’ Don says, ‘‘they just have more service, Don has authored 12 books, 3 and Chinese farmers or American time to research.’’ textbooks, and a fourth is now on the workers and American farmers reap Along with research, Don also plans way. He has lectured on Senate history the economic benefits of selling more to spend more time with his three be- at just about every major historical so- to this dynamic region? loved grandchildren and to do some ciety in America. He has become a fix- TRIBUTE TO DON RITCHIE traveling with his wife Anne. The Sen- ture on C–SPAN. But his crowning Mr. President, on one final matter, I ate wishes him the very best in retire- achievement would be his development would like to bid a fond farewell to one ment and sends its heartfelt congratu- of the Senate Oral History Project. of the smartest guys around here, Don lations to a man who has been an insti- Don has recorded countless interviews Ritchie, who will be leaving us later tution around here for four decades— with people who worked in the Senate, this month. He has been the Senate’s four decades. from Parliamentarians, to clerks, to Historian since 2009. Don is only the The Senate would also like to offer pages. Future generations of historians second one we have ever had. His im- its congratulations to Betty Koed, who will better understand the Senate of mediate and only predecessor, Richard has just been announced by the Sec- the 20th and 21st centuries because of Baker, hired him when the Senate His- retary of the Senate as our next Senate Don Ritchie’s Oral History Project. torical Office came into being in the Historian. We also wish Kate Scott That is an accomplishment which will mid-1970s. There were a lot of appli- well in her promotion to Associate His- stand forever. cants to be Baker’s No. 2 back then, torian. On a more personal note, I have so but Don quickly rose to the top of the RECOGNITION OF THE MINORITY LEADER appreciated Don’s insight and exper- heap. Baker said he received ‘‘several The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- tise. Every week, I begin my caucus by extremely heartfelt letters’’ of rec- pore. The Democratic leader is recog- calling on the Senate Historian, and he ommendation for Don that were just nized. talks to us about so many fascinating literally ‘‘over the top.’’ One, he said, TRIBUTE TO DON RITCHIE things, things we do not ordinarily was from ‘‘a leading diplomatic histo- Mr. REID. Mr. President, three dec- know about, but they are all inter- rian . . . who said that in his whole 30- ades ago, when Senator Robert Byrd esting, whether it is Prohibition, odd years of teaching he had never en- began drafting a series of lectures on whether it is events that took place in countered a more perceptive or diligent the history of the United States Sen- the first or second Roosevelt adminis- . . . [or] brighter student than Don.’’ ate, to whom did he go for help? Don tration—it does not matter what it is. ‘‘No more superlatives,’’ he said, Ritchie. Ten years ago, when Dan These are times I look forward to, and, ‘‘could have been used.’’ Apparently, no Brown, the popular author of the best- quite frankly, it shuts up my caucus. more superlatives were needed because selling ‘‘DaVinci Code,’’ wanted infor- When he shows up, they are suddenly Don Ritchie got the job, and, so it is mation about the Capitol for his new attentive. I would like to think they clear, he hasn’t disappointed, even novel, to whom did he go? Don Ritchie. are not more attentive to him than to though he did have to wait three dec- Even now, when famed historian and me, but I would think that is the case. ades for the big promotion. biographer Robert Caro needs facts for As I said, our lunches can be fairly Don came into the Senate with all his five-volume work on Lyndon John- boisterous, and they stop all conversa- the hype of New Coke, but his perform- son, he goes to Don Ritchie. Well, for 39 tion to listen to Don Ritchie. That is ance and staying power have had more years, any person needing valuable in- because so often Senators walk away of a Coke Classic feel. Don likes to say sight into the United States Senate from his lectures with a better under- he has ‘‘a front-row seat to the best and its history has known where to standing and appreciation of the Sen- show in town.’’ go—the Senate Historian, Don Ritchie. ate. Don is the only one we turn to when And Don has obliged, sharing his He has been invaluable to me and we want to learn more about where the wealth of knowledge with anyone who every other Senate Democrat. As we Senate has been so we can chart a bet- asked—Senators, staff, authors, histo- heard from the majority leader, he also ter course for where it is going. He has rians, and visitors. has been very good for the Republicans. been a great resource for my staff and But after four decades of service, Don As he prepares for a new chapter in me over the years. Don’s office is there will officially retire from the Senate his life, I wish him the very best. It is as a resource for the American public, Historical Office at the end of this good news that he and his wife Anne too. He is the guy you see on TV ex- month. will be jumping into retirement to- plaining the historical significance of As the senior Senator from Kentucky gether. As we have heard, for histo- events such as swearing-in ceremonies stated, from his first day here in the rians, retirement only means more and inaugurations. Senate, Don Ritchie made this institu- time to pore through books and find I don’t think any of us would want to tion a better place. The first-ever Sen- out what someone else missed and try face him on ‘‘Jeopardy.’’ His depth of ate Historian, Don’s predecessor, Rich- to take another run at writing some- knowledge really is something to be- ard Baker, once said, ‘‘March 8, 1976— thing that is interesting. hold. I am sure he has gained a lot of that’s a date, like my wedding anniver- After a successful career as an archi- that knowledge from the part of his job sary, that I remember.’’ Indeed, that vist and historian, his wife Anne is re- he loves the most, which is conducting was the day Don Ritchie was hired as tiring from the National Gallery of the Senate Historical Office’s Oral His- an Associate Historian in the newly Art. Together, Anne and Don will have tory Project. He has interviewed just formed Senate Historical Office. plenty of time to spend with their two about everyone you could imagine, Don Ritchie, a former marine, was daughters, Jennifer and Andrea, and from Senators, to clerks, to police offi- fresh out of graduate school at the Uni- their three grandchildren, Cami, Jack, cers. He even got to interview a man versity of Maryland, having received and Boone. who once worked as a congressional his Ph.D. in history just a year earlier. Even in retirement, Don will con- page—listen to this—during the Presi- He was getting his start in the profes- tinue reading and researching about dency of William Howard Taft. That sion, driving all over the DC area, this institution he and I love so dear- page provided ‘‘some very good infor- teaching at George Mason, Northern ly—the Senate. After all, as Don him- mation,’’ Don said, even if he kept Virginia Community College, and Uni- self points out, ‘‘Historians don’t re- ‘‘falling asleep several times during the versity College. He was also working tire’’—as Senator MCCONNELL said— interview.’’ part time with the American Historical ‘‘they just get more time to research.’’ Here is how Roll Call once described Association. When offered a job in the Thank you, Don Ritchie, for your Don Ritchie: the Senate’s ‘‘memory Senate Historical Office, he jumped at four decades of service to the Senate keeper.’’ the chance. The rest is, as they say, and your country. You really will be It is fitting, then, that the Senate history. missed. voted recently to designate Don Ritch- Don has served honorably as Senate Mr. President, I suggest the absence ie as Historian emeritus. It is not as Historian. Prior to that, he worked as of a quorum. though he plans to slow down in retire- Associate Senate Historian for 33 The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ment, anyway. ‘‘Historians never re- years. Over the combined 40 years of ROUNDS). The clerk will call the roll.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:43 May 07, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.002 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S2702 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 7, 2015 The legislative clerk proceeded to right, which I believe, but our right to the meantime—Iran will achieve a free call the roll. address something of this consequence hand to go forward with newly ac- Mr. COATS. Mr. President, I ask is to pass the Corker-Cardin bill. quired wealth, the will to achieve and unanimous consent that the order for It is not the perfect bill. It is not the the technical capability to achieve nu- the quorum call be rescinded. bill that I think perhaps even Senator clear weapons capability. Mr. REID. I object. CORKER would have preferred. But it is Let me conclude by supporting a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- where we are. The only way we could statement that was made by Max Boot, tion is heard. get here and get bipartisan support for a respected foreign policy analyst: Mr. COATS. Mr. President, may I ask this was to do this. Skeptics about the looming nuclear accord the minority leader if it would be pos- This gives us the opportunity to do with Iran may be taking comfort from the sible to speak as in morning business. the following: A Congressional review promises of Republican presidential can- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- period will be provided before imple- didates to tear up the treaty as soon as they ate is in a quorum call. mentation. An opportunity for Con- reach the Oval Office. They shouldn’t be. Even assuming a Republican wins the White Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- gress to vote on the agreement will be House next year— imous consent that the order for the provided under Corker-Cardin. Which, as we know, is not a cer- quorum call be rescinded. A limitation on the President’s use of tainty. Hopefully, from our standpoint, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there waivers to suspend sanctions that have we hope that is the case— objection? been put in place by this body will be Without objection, it is so ordered. taken away. A requirement that Con- pulling out of the agreement won’t nec- essarily fix its defects. In fact, it could make Mr. REID. Through the Chair, I ask gress receive the final deal will be lost. the situation even worse. my friend from Indiana how long the The requirement that the President The U.S. would then get the worst of both Senator wishes to speak as in morning certify that Iran is complying will be worlds: Iran already would have been en- business. taken away. A mechanism for Congress riched by hundreds of billions of dollars of Mr. COATS. No more than 10 min- to rapidly reimpose sanctions in the sanctions relief—and it would be well on its utes. event of violations will be lost. Report- way to fielding nuclear weapons with de Mr. REID. I do not care. I would just ing on Iran support for terrorism, bal- facto permission from the international like to know. That is fine. community. To avoid this nightmare sce- listic missile development, and human nario, the best play from America’s stand- I ask unanimous consent that the rights violations will be lost. All of point could well be to keep the accord in Senator from Indiana be recognized for this is lost if we do not stand together place to at least delay Iran’s decision to up to 10 minutes. and insist on the right to engage in weaponize. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without this. We must pass this or the defeat In short, don’t expect salvation in 2017. If objection, it is so ordered. will be of historical consequence. the accord is signed its consequences will be Mr. COATS. I thank the minority This bill is the only chance, as I said, irrevocable. Whatever a future president leader for this opportunity. that Congress has to weigh in on a po- does or does not do, Iran’s hard-line regime will be immeasurably strengthened by the IRAN NUCLEAR AGREEMENT REVIEW ACT tential agreement. The stakes are too agreement. That makes it all the more im- Mr. President, recently on this floor, high. The consequence is too great to perative to stop a bad agreement now—not I spoke about the need to pass the Iran engage in changes. Many well-intended two years from now. Nuclear Agreement Review Act with statements have been made by my col- I urge my colleagues, Democrats and robust, veto-proof, bipartisan majori- leagues, and I endorse every word of Republicans, to vote to give Congress— ties. That is asking a lot, but I did so what has been said. Amendments have this Congress—the right and the oppor- because this is the only chance we have been offered that, had they not been of- tunity to scrutinize every single word to prevent President Obama from hav- fered by someone else, in a different of what is being negotiated with the ing a free and totally independent hand fashion, I would have wanted to offer. Iranians, to inform the American peo- to conclude a flawed agreement with We can still offer those going forward. ple, and then achieve what I would the Government of Iran. We cannot But in order to achieve the bipar- hope would be an overwhelming rejec- allow that to happen. tisan support necessary to deny the tion of the agreement if it does not This Congress has pleaded for and President the opportunity to have a achieve the goal of denying Iran its nu- worked for and will achieve the oppor- free hand in cutting any deal he wants clear weapons capability. This is a very tunity to play a major role in this deci- and the concessions already given—this important vote before us. I think we sion, which is a decision of historic should raise alarms in each of us in need to look at what the end goal is consequence. terms of support for this bill which is and how we can best get there under Let me repeat what I just said. This before us. the circumstances which we now are bill is the only chance we have now to What are the stakes? What are the in. We would all like to be in a dif- prevent President Obama from having consequences? Former Secretaries Kis- ferent position. But to achieve and get a completely free hand, with no oppor- singer and Shultz and other foreign to this particular point, we are looking tunity to address it in a bipartisan policy experts did a recent Wall Street at this particular bill to give us a say— way, to achieve success in rejecting a Journal piece and said this: a meaningful say—and an opportunity bad agreement. If the Middle East is ‘‘proliferated’’ and be- to reject a bad agreement which at this Passage of the bill before us will re- comes host to a plethora of nuclear-thresh- old states, several in mortal rivalry with particular point in time, in my view, sult in either forcing critical and abso- does not achieve what we need to lutely necessary improvements in the each other, on what concept of nuclear deter- rence or strategic stability will inter- achieve and should be thoroughly scru- deal now being cooked with our Sec- national security be based? tinized by us and the American people. retary of State and the President and They continue: I yield the floor. his people or defeating a bad deal if a It is in America’s strategic interest to pre- RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME bad deal is presented to us. vent the outbreak of a nuclear war and its The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under The stakes in this game are beyond catastrophic consequences. Nuclear arms the previous order, the leadership time calculation. I personally regard this as must not be permitted to turn into conven- is reserved. the most consequential issue of my en- tional weapons. The passions of the region f tire public career. Our failure to have allied with weapons of mass destruction may an opportunity to have this Congress— impel deepening American involvement. PROTECTING VOLUNTEER FIRE- the representatives of the American In closing, I want to address state- FIGHTERS AND EMERGENCY RE- people—bring before the American peo- ments offered by some who argue that SPONDERS ACT ple what is in this deal and the con- passing this bill is unnecessary because The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under sequences if this deal is not a good deal in 2017 we will have a new President in the previous order, the Senate will re- that will prevent Iran from having nu- the White House and that President sume consideration of H.R. 1191, which clear weapons capability—this is abso- will be a Republican. Well, I hope that the clerk will report. lutely essential. The only chance we is so, but there is obviously no guar- The senior assistant legislative clerk have to exercise our constitutional antee of that. But in the meantime—in read as follows:

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:43 May 07, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.004 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2703 A bill (H.R. 1191) to amend the Internal The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without other CVS/pharmacy locations will able to Revenue Code of 1986 to ensure that emer- objection, it is so ordered. do so. gency services volunteers are not taken into Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, I ask To me, that is part of rebuilding and account as employees under the shared re- unanimous consent to speak as in dealing with the problems in our com- sponsibility requirements contained in the munity; that those employees, through Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. morning business. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without no fault of their own, could have been Pending: objection, it is so ordered. at a tremendous disadvantage and will Corker/Cardin amendment No. 1140, in the BALTIMORE AND CVS HEALTH get their full paychecks. They have a nature of a substitute. job to return to, and we are going to Corker/Cardin amendment No. 1179 (to Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, yester- amendment No. 1140), to require submission day, I took the floor to talk about the have those pharmacies relocated in the of all Persian text included in the agree- events in Baltimore over the last 10 communities which desperately need ment. days, 2 weeks, and I spoke about how that. That is the private sector helping Blunt amendment No. 1155 (to amendment Baltimore is coming together and rec- us in rebuilding and dealing with the No. 1140), to extend the requirement for an- ognized that in order to move forward, problems in our city. I just wanted my nual Department of Defense reports on the there are two pillars we need to work colleagues to know about the work of military power of Iran. CVS Health. Vitter modified amendment No. 1186 (to on, and one of those is public safety and justice. I talked about some initia- I suggest the absence of a quorum. amendment No. 1179), to require an assess- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ment of inadequacies in the international tives we are looking at, including legis- clerk will call the roll. monitoring and verification system as they lation that I filed that will eliminate The senior assistant legislative clerk relate to a nuclear agreement with Iran. profiling by police and how we need to proceeded to call the roll. Cotton amendment No. 1197 (to the lan- deal with the restoration of voting guage proposed to be stricken by amendment Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, I ask No. 1140), of a perfecting nature. rights and other issues that deal with unanimous consent that the order for Cotton (for Rubio) amendment No. 1198 (to accountability of police. the quorum call be rescinded. amendment No. 1197), to require a certifi- I also talked about rebuilding and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without cation that Iran’s leaders have publically ac- dealing with the core issues of our objection, it is so ordered. cepted Israel’s right to exist as a Jewish urban centers. I just want to supple- ISIL AND AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF MILITARY state. ment those remarks with a conversa- FORCE The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under tion we had with CVS Health. I men- Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, I rise the previous order, the time until the tion that because it was the CVS phar- today to commemorate an anniversary, cloture vote will be equally divided in macy that was destroyed a week ago as well as to challenge my colleagues the usual form. Monday night in Baltimore. I think in Congress. Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I will that was seen not only in this country Today marks the completion of 9 have to ask for a unanimous consent but around the world. It was one of the months of America’s war against ISIL. request on something in just a mo- major assets in a community that for Tomorrow, May 8, starts the 10th ment, but I think they are still work- too long a period of time did not have month of this war. ing out some details. access to a pharmacy. It was tragic to In the war on ISIL, here is what has Before I move to that, I thank the see that it was destroyed during the happened so far. We have deployed Senator from Indiana. He has done so events in Baltimore. thousands of troops far from home to much to further this cause of us having I wish to bring to my colleagues’ at- support military operations in Iraq and a congressional review on whatever is tention that CVS has spoken about Syria. A significant number of them negotiated with Iran. All of us want a that episode, and they have made a are from Virginia, including the Roo- good agreement, but we want to ensure commitment to restore the two phar- sevelt Carrier Strike Group based in that we play a role in ensuring that is macy locations, which will be rebuilt Norfolk. the case. I cannot thank the Senator in the same communities in which they We have conducted more than 3,000 enough for his leadership on this issue were destroyed. They are committed to U.S. air strikes on ISIL from land and so many other issues that matter return to the community as quickly as bases in the region as well as from air- relative to our national interests possible with those services which are craft carriers. around the world and the safety of our critically important to those commu- We have spent more than 2 billion citizens. Again, I thank the Senator so nities. American taxpayer dollars—and count- much. I just want to point that out that ing. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- they have gone further than that. Pre- We have lost the lives of American sent that notwithstanding rule XXII, viously, I said we need the Federal servicemembers and seen American the Senate vote on the motion to in- Government’s help in rebuilding and hostages killed by ISIL in barbaric voke cloture on the pending substitute dealing with the core problems, we ways. amendment at 2 p.m. today. need State and local governments, and And while we have seen some signifi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there we need the private sector to step up cant progress on the battlefield in Iraq, objection? and help us. CVS has listened to that. we have also witnessed ISIL spread and Without objection, it is so ordered. First, one of the things they are take responsibility for attacks in Af- Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I fur- doing is providing a $100,000 donation ghanistan, Libya, and Yemen. We have ther ask unanimous consent that at 11 to the United Way of Central Mary- seen other terrorist groups, such as Ni- a.m., Senator LANKFORD be recognized land’s Maryland Unites Fund and the geria’s Boko Haram, pledge alliance to to deliver his maiden speech and that Baltimore Community Foundation. ISIL. We have seen acts of terrorism in the time from 11:30 a.m. until 12:50 p.m. These are funds that will be used to Europe and now in the United States be equally divided, with the majority help rebuild Baltimore. that have been influenced or at least controlling the first half and the This is a quote from the CVS release: inspired by ISIL. All of this has happened in 9 months. Democrats controlling the second half. These funds will help provide immediate The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there and longer-term support to people in hard- Here is what hasn’t happened. Con- objection? hit areas and give those communities much- gress, the article I branch whose most Without objection, it is so ordered. needed resources. solemn power is the duty to declare Mr. CORKER. I suggest the absence I also wish to point out what CVS war, has not done its job, has not de- of a quorum. did, and I think this is very important. bated this war, has not taken any for- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The This is also a quote. mal step to authorize what was started clerk will call the roll. unilaterally by the President 9 months To help minimize the financial impact of The senior assistant legislative clerk the store closing for its Baltimore employ- ago. proceeded to call the roll. ees, CVS/pharmacy paid them their regularly As of today, ISIL has no indication Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, I ask scheduled hours the week of the protests, whether Congress cares one iota about unanimous consent that the order for whether or not they were able to work. All the ongoing war. Our allies in the re- the quorum call be rescinded. displaced employees who want to work in gion who are most directly affected by

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:43 May 07, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.006 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S2704 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 7, 2015 the threat of ISIL have no indication it poses or lacks the backbone to do grade and ultimately destroy ISIL.’’ whether Congress cares one iota about the job that it is supposed to do. The White House insisted when oper- the ongoing war. And most impor- That is why I rise today to challenge ations began that it didn’t need an tantly, the thousands of American my colleagues to take this seriously AUMF for this mission because it was troops serving in the region and serv- and promptly debate and pass an au- on solid legal footing by using the ing in the theater of battle have no in- thorization for military action against AUMF which Congress had passed in dication whether Congress cares one ISIL. We should have done this months 2001—2001—14 years ago. That author- iota about this ongoing war. ago. By now, all know that ISIL is not ization for use of force went after Al In the Senate there has been no au- going away soon. This problem will not Qaeda and the Taliban in the wake of thorization vote or even debate on the just solve itself. the 9/11 attacks. Many of us took um- floor. The Senate Foreign Relations I am given some hope by recent ac- brage with the assertion at the time, Committee did report out a war au- tions of the Senate Foreign Relations and we pushed for the administration thorization in December, but it died Committee and this body on the pend- to work with Congress to authorize a without floor action at the end of the ing matter, the Iran Nuclear Agree- mission against ISIL. It was important 113th Congress. In the House, there has ment Review Act. On a challenging and then and it remains important now for been no debate or authorization on the important national security issue, be- Congress to voice its support for the floor. In fact, there has been no action cause of strong leadership by Senators mission and to signal to our allies, as in any House committee during the 9 CORKER, CARDIN, and MENENDEZ, we well as our adversaries, as well as our months of this war. have shown the ability to act in a bi- troops who are in harm’s way, that our The silence of Congress in the midst partisan way to assert an appropriate commitment will not change based on of this war is cowardly and shameful. congressional role in reviewing a final prevailing political winds. How can we explain to our troops, our nuclear deal with Iran. We are taking It wasn’t until the Foreign Relations public, or ourselves this complete un- an important stand for the congres- Committee took initiative to consider willingness of Congress to take up this sional role in matters touching upon its own view on that, that the adminis- important responsibility? diplomacy, war, and peace, and we have tration was forced to engage with Con- President Obama maintains that the fought off thus far the temptation to gress. The President submitted a draft authorizations voted on by Congress in play politics with this important mat- AUMF to Congress in February of this 2001 and 2002 give him the power to ter. year and the Senate Foreign Relations wage this war without Congress. Hav- This gives me some hope that we Committee held hearings thereafter. ing reviewed the authorizations care- might do the same with respect to the Yet movement of this vital piece of fully, I find that claim completely war on ISIL, because the role of Con- legislation has seemingly stalled. It re- without merit. The 2001 authorization gress in war is undisputable. The mains a stalemate because the major- allows the President to take action Framers of the Constitution were fa- ity and minority parties can’t agree on against groups that perpetrated the at- miliar with a world where war was for how to address the use of combat tacks of 9/11. ISIL was not a perpe- the Monarch, the King, the Sultan or troops in this conflict. This is dam- trator of the 9/11 attack; it was not the Executive. But they made a revolu- aging to the effort to defeat ISIL. formed until 2 years after the attacks, tionary decision to choose a different Frankly, it is also damaging to the in 2003. It is not an ally of Al Qaeda; it path and place the decisions about the credibility and relevance of this insti- is now fighting against Al Qaeda in cer- initiation of war in the hands of the tution with regard to the conduct of tain theaters. The only way the 2001 people’s elected legislative branch. foreign affairs. authorization could be stretched to They did so because of an important The war against ISIL has been waged cover ISIL is if we pretend that the au- underlying value. The value is this: We continuously since September of last thorization is a blank check giving the shouldn’t order young servicemembers year with Congress appropriating funds President the power to wage war to risk their lives in a military mission for its operations. Yet Congress has yet against any terrorist group. But that unless Congress has debated the mis- to authorize the mission itself. What was precisely the power that President sion and reached the conclusion that it kind of message does that send to our Bush asked for in 2001, and Congress is in the Nation’s best interest. That allies? What kind of resolve does it pro- explicitly refused to grant that broad value surely is as important today as it vide to ISIL? And what does it portend grant of power to the President, even was in 1787. for others who are out there watching in the days right after the 9/11 attacks. To conclude, I hope we will remember to see what Congress will do? The 2002 authorization to wage war in that right now in places far from their Members of both parties in the House Iraq to topple the regime of Saddam homes, thousands of members of the and the Senate pushed the President to Hussein also has no relevance here. American Armed Forces are risking send us an AUMF so we could authorize That regime disappeared years ago. their lives on behalf of a mission that this mission, and in the end we were The War Powers Resolution of 1973 Congress has refused to address for 9 successful. The White House did send does grant the President some ability long months. Their sacrifice should language in February of this year. to initiate military action for 60 to 90 call us to step up, do our job, and fi- When we demand engagement from the days prior to congressional approval, nally define and authorize this ongoing President on this issue—an issue as but it also mandates that the President war. vital as this one—and then we dis- must cease military activity unless With that, I yield the floor. engage ourselves due to internal dis- Congress formally approves it. Here we The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- cord, it provides those who would have blown long past all of the dead- ator from Arizona. choose not to take Congress seriously, lines of the act, Congress has said Mr. FLAKE. Mr. President, I want to perhaps, further reason to avoid it. nothing, and yet the war continues. echo the sentiments of my colleague Those who might be watching, So the President does not have the from Virginia, who is also my col- whether at the White House or any- legal power to maintain this war with- league in the Foreign Relations Com- where else in the world, might be left out Congress. Yet Congress—this Con- mittee, for taking action on authoriza- wondering whether this Congress gress—the very body that is so quick to tion for use of military force against means what it says. Last Congress, the argue against President Obama’s use of ISIL. This is an issue that has con- Senate Foreign Relations Committee Executive power, even threatening him fronted us for a while, and the Senator marked up and voted on two authoriza- with lawsuits over immigration actions from Virginia has stood up forcefully tions for use of military force: one to and other Executive decisions, is time and again to insist that Congress address Bashar al-Assad’s use of chem- strangely silent and allows an Execu- fulfill its necessary role here, and yet ical weapons and the other to authorize tive war to go on undeclared, unap- we have not. the mission against ISIL. Both resolu- proved, undefined, and unchecked. As he mentioned, the United States tions went no further than recorded So 9 months of silence leaves the im- has led a multination coalition since votes in committee. That would lead pression that Congress is either indif- September of last year to achieve the some to question the relevance of the ferent about ISIL and the threat that President’s stated objective to ‘‘de- committee, when resolutions as grave

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:43 May 07, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.007 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2705 and as important as these are simply and energy for the future of our Na- But today in America, if you want to allowed to languish. tion. Every day they work incredibly start or run a business, you will find The committee needs to reassert hard to solve the issues that we face as out that the government has already itself. We need to reassert our rel- a nation. I am grateful to serve in this made most of the decisions for you evance by marking up a resolution to Chamber and for this to be my very about how you will run your business. authorize military force against ISIL first time to be able to speak in this Well, an Oklahoma company recently and to advance it to the floor where it Chamber. There are a few issues that I paid a fine for not reporting to a Fed- can get a strong bipartisan vote. We all want to be able to raise and address in eral agency that they had nothing to know this needs to be a bipartisan our conversation today. report. Now, I am fairly confident that product. I am convinced that working I have the opportunity to be able to the Founding Fathers, when they were with other Members of the committee, live in a heritage of distinguished envisioning a country of the people, by we can arrive at a bipartisan product. Oklahomans who have served in this the people, and for the people, were not Obviously, I look forward to working Chamber. I serve alongside Senator JIM envisioning that citizens of the coun- with my colleague from Virginia on INHOFE, who has stood for conservative try would pay fines to their govern- this matter. principles in this body for two decades. ment for reporting they have nothing When we look just over the past cou- I am humbled to follow the irreplace- to report. ple of years at the engagements that able Dr. Tom Coburn. For those of us In the past week, I have started a bi- we have had overseas, particularly at who are Dallas Cowboy fans, my com- partisan initiative called the Cut Red Libya, where we had for several ing here is kind of like being Danny Tape Initiative to try to identify ways months a bombing campaign without White after Roger Staubach. to streamline government, to return Congress weighing in at all, would we There have been 17 other Senators decisions back to individuals and local not have benefitted with a fulsome de- from Oklahoma, great names such as governments, and clear the clutter of bate on that engagement and for Con- Don Nickles, Henry Bellmon, Robert S. regulations that benefit the govern- gress to speak and delineate our in- Kerr, David Boren, and Mike ment but slow down business. Just so volvement there? Now we are faced Monroney, just to name a few. I have that people would know that this proc- with a situation where we have basi- the honor to sit at the same desk on ess is difficult, I have faced weeks of cally a failed state that spawns terror- this Chamber floor used by fellow Re- red tape here in the Senate to start an ists. We cannot continue to do that. We publican Senators Tom Coburn, Dewey initiative called Cut Red Tape. We will Bartlett, and Edward Moore. have to take ourselves more seriously work through that. In the 1930s, Oklahoma’s favorite son and this institution more seriously by In the past few years, over 30,000 and humorist, Will Rogers, said: taking action on this AUMF. pages have been added to the Federal Along with the Senator from Vir- Congress is so strange. A man gets up to Register. Nothing in American life does speak and says nothing. Nobody listens, and ginia, I have been encouraged by the then everybody disagrees. not face a Federal regulation. To make sure the government considers the cu- actions of the committee and this Con- This is my first official moment to gress recently on the Iran review pack- join the ranks of those who step up to mulative effect of all of those regula- age that we will likely vote on later speak, but I want to speak about a few tions, agencies are required to do a reg- today. That vote bodes well for biparti- things that I consider essential to the ulatory lookback to evaluate problem sanship here. We need to return to the work ahead for all of us—what I call regulations each year. But most don’t time, to the extent possible—and we the three Ds, which I talk about all the take it seriously. The Department of Labor has 676 reg- are not naive to those who believe that time: debt, defense, and directives. partisanship can always stop at the Let me take those in reverse order. ulations and rules. This year, their reg- water’s edge—but we have to have a The directives. People ask me all the ulatory lookback includes 4 regula- situation where we have a bipartisan time: What do Oklahomans want from tions—4 of 676. That is not a serious re- foreign policy and where the Senate their Federal Government? The answer view. The new Consumer Financial Foreign Relations Committee takes its is simple. They want to be left alone. Protection Bureau has no account- traditional role in formulating that They do not want someone else, over ability to the American people, and it policy in authorizing these engage- 1,000 miles away, telling them what to has no limit to its authority. They are ments. do, how to run their business, and how becoming a fourth branch of govern- With that, I yield the floor. to run their lives. It is not that people ment with no checks or balances. I suggest the absence of a quorum. in Oklahoma are antigovernment—far The EPA spends their time looking The PRESIDING OFFICER. The from it. We have a strong patriotism for gray areas of law in places where clerk will call the roll. that drives us to serve our Nation and they can reinterpret old laws to fit The senior assistant legislative clerk honor those who give their lives to their new agenda. Consent decrees and proceeded to call the roll. public service. novel interpretations of statutes have Mr. LANKFORD. Mr. President, I ask Twenty years ago, Oklahoma and the superseded consistent rulemaking and unanimous consent that the order for Nation were devastated by a truck statutory and State primacy of en- the quorum call be rescinded. bomb in the Oklahoma City Federal forcement. Agencies now write rules, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without building, killing 168 people, most of interpret their rules, enforce their objection, it is so ordered. those Federal employees. We are grate- rules, and establish the punishment for DEBT, DEFENSE, AND DIRECTIVES AND THE ful for people in government who serve not following their rules. Many people WORK AHEAD faithfully every day. want to blame this administration. I Mr. LANKFORD. Mr. President, it is But we also understand that our Fed- disagree. This administration has be- my honor to represent my family, my eral Government has a task, and it also come expert at pushing the boundaries; neighbors, and the millions of people in has a territory. Federal officers should that is true. But the rise in the regu- my very diverse State of Oklahoma. I do their task efficiently with great latory state is not new. For decades, am an ordinary Oklahoman. I do not transparency and accountability, but the Congress has delegated responsibil- come from a prominent political fam- they also stay out of other people’s ities to agencies and given them very ily or from any kind of political ma- tasks and do theirs with great effec- few boundaries. chine. My wife of 23 years, Cindy, is tiveness. When I step into a restaurant, Since the 1970s, in the Chevron case, here in the Gallery today. We have I may have an idea for a new recipe. the courts have increased the power of walked through life together and have But I cannot just wander back into the the regulatory agencies by allowing raised two incredible girls who love kitchen and start cooking and chang- them to have deference to determine God and love our Nation. Stepping into ing the way the restaurant works. Nei- their own rules. This is not a Repub- this body was a high cost for my fam- ther can a Federal regulator drift into lican or Democrat issue. It is an Amer- ily. We took this on together. every business and decide they are ican issue, which will not improve We have a tremendous staff, both going to redo how that business is until this body demands its constitu- here in Washington, DC, and in Okla- done. That is not their territory. That tional authority back and clarifies to homa, who sacrifice incredible time is not their job. the courts that the Constitution states

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:43 May 07, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.008 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S2706 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 7, 2015 that all legislative authority shall lie ues. Every person—even people we dis- year. CBO estimates that we will spend in Congress—not in an agency. agree with—is valuable. It is why the over $800 billion in interest payments The American people want to give issue of race—just as a side note—is so by the end of the 10-year window. That the Federal Government their own di- important to us in America—because is more than we spend on all defense rective: Leave us alone. Now, I am will- we understand that in many parts of spending, education, transportation, ing to work with anyone who is willing the world if you are from the wrong and energy combined—what we will do to work on some of these issues. So far family, the wrong tribe, the wrong race just in interest payments in the years this session, I have coauthored or co- or the wrong faith, you cannot get a ahead. sponsored bills and worked on ideas job, you cannot get government serv- We need to fix two things in this with TED CRUZ, ELIZABETH WARREN, ices, you cannot get housing—all of budget hole: efficiently manage Fed- GARY PETERS, JOHN CORNYN, HEIDI those things. eral spending and a growing economy, HEITKAMP, DIANNE FEINSTEIN, ORRIN That is how other places do it. That duplication in programs. All these HATCH, MIKE LEE, STEVE DAINES, TIM is not us. We have chosen not to be like things need to be resolved. SCOTT, ROB PORTMAN, TOM CARPER, that as a nation. Where injustice ex- Let me take a couple of these things. ANGUS KING, RAND PAUL, JEANNE SHA- ists, we want to bring freedom and Efficiency in the Federal Government. HEEN, JOHN MCCAIN, MIKE ENZI, KELLY equality—within our boundaries or We need to deal with the tremendous AYOTTE, MARK KIRK and RON JOHNSON, around the world. fraud and waste and duplication. Where just to name a few. We believe every person is created we see it, we should go after it. For the I did not have to sacrifice my con- equal and is endowed by their Creator past 2 weeks, I have held a bill that servative values, but I did have to with certain inalienable rights—every funds a grant program for bulletproof admit that anyone can have a good person. When brutal thugs attack inno- vests. idea. Just because we disagreed on one cent nations, we have the moral high I am not opposed to the program. I thing does not mean I have to belittle ground to call out the aggressor and to am opposed to the fact that we have people. I told my wife several years stand with the oppressed. We always two programs that do the same thing— ago, when I first came to the House of work with resolve to solve the issues two different applications, two dif- Representatives, that I had this deja vu peacefully. We understand this proverb: ferent sets of processes, two programs moment, thinking I had felt this way ‘‘A gentle answer turns away wrath.’’ that do the same thing. If we see it, we before. I have never been in politics or Our diplomacy leads the way. But should solve it. Yesterday, we marked Congress, but I know this feeling. After when nations and philosophies will not up and passed a bill in committee that about 6 months I called her and I said: stop their aggression, they learn that I authored called the Taxpayer Right I finally figured out what this feeling is we do not bear the sword for nothing. I to Know Act, which will identify dupli- to be in Congress. It is the emotion you have the privilege—and I do count it as cative programs, the administrative have in middle school lunch. It is that a privilege—of serving thousands of cost, the number of full-time staff, and feeling that I get more popular by sit- men and women and their families who how and if programs are evaluated. ting at my table and making fun of ev- faithfully protect our Nation every day It is a commonsense thing to do that, eryone else at everyone else’s table. in all branches of the military—first and it passed by a voice vote out of the And if I ever say something nice about responders on our streets, in the intel- committee. In the days ahead, I hope someone else at another table, my ligence community, at our ports, in the we will use that tool wisely to be able table shakes their head and says: Why air, training, equipping, and protecting to actually identify where we have du- would you do that? But if I ever say hundreds of thousands in Oklahoma. In plication, and instead of complain something unkind, everybody says: fact, without Oklahoma, just so this about it, we solve it as a body. The Way to go. Welcome to Congress. body will know, our Nation could not goal is to find those and eliminate Only we can turn this around. We sustain our Air Force, train our pilots, them. will strongly disagree on areas, but we rearm our munitions, fire artillery or A friend of mine in Oklahoma is a should find the areas of common rockets, talk to our subs, train our former marine. His name is Hank. ground where we do not have to sac- young soldiers, refuel our aircraft, con- Hank runs a small business. Hank is a rifice our values and be able to find trol battlefield airspace or deliver sup- guy who if you see him, you need to ways to work together. plies. So you are welcome for what brace yourself because when he shakes The second issue is defense—direc- happens in Oklahoma every day. your hand you know it. Hank runs his tives and defense. Our freedom is for- Our Guard and Reserve units have small business from a desk in his eign to most of the world, and it is a fulfilled everything that has been unair-conditioned garage. threat to them, not because the United asked of them by their Nation, some of When I think about the way we spend States is an aggressor nation—far from them to their last full measure of devo- money, I often think of Hank. Hank is it—but because the liberty we export is tion. But in Oklahoma our patriotism not a guy who wants to have our gov- so powerful they know well it can de- also challenges us to deal with military ernment suffer or our Nation do some- pose their dictatorships and weaken waste when it takes money, especially thing weak. Hank is an incredible pa- their control. Many government lead- directly from the warfighter. Why triot, but he wants us to spend money ers around the world would rather keep would we call waste in defense patriot- wisely, and when we find waste, he their people poor and closely managed ism? Let’s solve it. We want the intel- would expect us to get rid of it. He than allow them to be prosperous and ligence community to be well equipped. does. He would expect that we do. free. We want them to be attentive to the A good example of that may be So- Iran is on the rise. Since the 1979 rev- issues around the world, but we also cial Security disability. It is a difficult olution, Iran has exported terrorism want our Fourth Amendment freedoms issue for us to talk about because we around the world. I am convinced that protected. Remember, Oklahomans want a safety net for the truly vulner- some individuals—even in this admin- like to just be left alone. able, but we all know there is incred- istration—trust Iran’s words more than The third issue is our debt—direc- ible waste in that program, and there they trust history, the facts on the tives, defense, and debt. Our economy are people who are ripping off the sys- ground or even their own intuition. We runs on increasing debt. That is how we tem. To have a strong safety net for cannot allow the largest exporter of are actually managing life day to day the vulnerable doesn’t mean we allow terrorism in the world to have nuclear nowadays. We gamble every year that people to freeload off the top. Dis- weapons. We cannot do that. interest rates will not go up and the ability is designed for people who can- Dictatorial governments around the rest of the world will still want our not work in any job in the economy, world and totalitarian Islamic leaders bonds. This year we paid $229 billion in not someone who just doesn’t want to. consistently test our mettle, probe our interest payments. Think about that Let’s find a way to protect our vul- infrastructure and computer systems, for a minute—$229 billion. nerable but incentivize those who are test our passion for freedom and our re- The highway trust fund is short just freeloading off the system to engage solve for the dignity of every person. $10 billion, and we are spending $229 them back into work. We need people By the way, that is one of our core val- billion just in interest payments this to work.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:43 May 07, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.009 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2707 The earned-income tax credit is an- stopped drilling because our tanks are their faith. You can say you have faith, other one of those. We read the reports full and the prices have collapsed. If we but you are pushed down if you actu- every year: a 24-percent fraud rate, the could only sell that oil, what a dif- ally practice the faith you say you highest fraud rate in the Federal Gov- ference that might make to our econ- have. I served 22 years in ministry be- ernment. Last year, there was $14.5 bil- omy. You see, we can sell our coal and fore I came to Congress. I have a little lion in loss; one program, $14.5 billion. we can sell our natural gas, but for different perspective than some on We have to pay attention to this. We whatever reason we as a nation are that. I see our Nation with a great spir- have to get the economy going or we still thinking we can’t sell oil. Now, we itual hunger. I don’t criticize Wash- will never fix the debt. We can’t just can sell gasoline, just not oil. It would ington, though, in the process. Quite fix it by reducing spending. We all be kind of like saying you can sell frankly, I believe Washington perfectly know that well. Tax reform seems to be flour, but you can’t sell wheat. reflects our culture, and to people who the elusive dream of our economy. I Currently, we import about 27 per- are frustrated with what Washington can only hope that as a body we will cent of our crude. Most of that is heavy has become, I remind them, this is who not continue to strive for large-scale oil that is imported. Most of that is we are as a nation. tax reform and fail to do some things done by foreign ownership, foreign What we are going to do about it be- that are significant and possible. ownership of refineries. They are bring- comes the big issue. What are we going Banking reform must be done. Dodd- ing in their own oil. Most of our new to become? While we beat ourselves up, Frank is choking out lending. Now, I finds are in light sweet oil, a different we lose track that the rest of the world don’t want to attack any individual type of oil that our refineries don’t still looks at us, and they still want to who voted for it, but I am very well need. Do you know who needs this? be us. aware that there are many unintended Mexico needs it, Canada needs it. So, Last September, I was in Central consequences that have come down, es- literally, while our storage tanks are America for a few days meeting with pecially on community banks. at maximum capacity and the prices some of the leaders there talking about People can feel our economy tight- continue to drop in America, the rest immigration. I don’t know if anyone ening and the lending tightening. They of the world is craving our oil, and we has noticed, but there are a few issues don’t know why. Main Street commu- are debating whether that is a good about immigration now. We had this nity banks are dealing with uncertain idea. It is the ultimate irony right now conversation about immigration and regulations. We have to get our com- that the administration is in negotia- started talking about what are we munity banks back in business. We can tions to open the sale of Iranian oil to going to do and how are we going to do that by exempting traditional banks the world market, and we cannot sell limit the number of these unaccom- from heavy regulatory burdens that oil from America on the world market. panied minors coming in and what is complex banks face and replacing sim- Let’s pay attention to American jobs. actually driving them to come. ple capital requirements. This isn’t Let’s get our economy going. There are One of the leaders there said: Sir, I controversial or complicated. We just some basic things we can do. don’t know if you have noticed, but need to work on some simple things All this talk about security, econ- you are the United States of America. while we still work on the complex. omy, and liberty boils down to one Everyone in the world wants to go Trade. We are a nation that believes thing, though—our families. Nothing is in trade. Quite frankly, our Navy was there. There doesn’t have to be a driv- bigger in our Nation than our fami- created in the infancy of our Republic ing factor to go to your nation. Every- lies—nothing. We are not a nation of to protect our trade. In fact, one of our one wants to be your nation. wealth, we are a nation of families. The We do not have open borders, nor grievances that we had with King rise of government is directly con- should we. But it was another lesson George in the original Declaration of nected to the collapse of families. It is Independence was the King was cutting learned that while we argue among off our trade with all ports of the not that government is pushing down ourselves, we have the opportunity to world. Trade has been a big deal to us families, it is that families are col- be able to serve in the greatest Nation, as a nation since before we were a na- lapsing and government is trying to in the greatest body in the world. We tion. rise to fix that. It will not fix it. Gov- still lead the world with our values. We Currently, this ongoing debate about ernment can’t fix a family, but we can should represent that well. That is our whether we will be a nation of trade make sure there is no marriage penalty greatest export, our values. seems to be a little odd to me. Yes, we in our tax law. We can make sure we This is the National Day of Prayer, are going to be a nation of trade. We don’t incentivize broken families and and I thought it would be entirely ap- always have been. Let’s work it out our social welfare programs. We can propriate to be able to end this con- and let’s continue to grow our econ- actually use our moments in our times versation with both a reminder to call omy. when we speak to state the obvious. our Nation to prayer and to remember Energy issues. The past 6 years the America is strongest when American Psalm 46:1–2: brightest star in our economy has been families are strong. Let’s not be afraid God is our refuge and strength, an ever- energy. If we want to have the econ- to step out and protect what we know present help in trouble. Therefore we will omy grow, energy is going to be a works. We don’t live in a nation with not fear. major part of that formula. If anyone no hope. We live in a nation of incred- So we not only remember that, but disagrees with that, I would love to get ible hope. let us actually call this Senate to pray. a chance to meet them because I can The seeds are all still there. It is a Let us pray. show you all the job growth that has matter of how much we are going to Our Father, I pray for our Nation. I happened in America just circled engage in those things, whether we are pray that You would give us wisdom around energy. But we all know EPA going to be an exporter of freedom and and direction. I pray for this body, in- policies make energy development of our basic values. That is what I credible men and women who have set harder and increase the energy cost of think we should do. aside their families, their careers, and everything for every person in Amer- We should export our freedom to the their life, to come serve their Nation. I ica. world. We should export our values to pray that You would give us unity of Energy jobs are great-paying jobs, the world. We will do that best as we attitude and diversity of opinion and but they are suddenly fading away be- protect our families and as we rise to that You give us the capacity to be cause of this mixture of low oil prices speak about the things we know are able to solve the issues ahead of us. and bad energy policy. A few years ago, right. I pray for President Obama, for Vice America was led to believe they were There is a tremendous diversity of President BIDEN, the Supreme Court, running out of oil and gas and our sup- American opinion, freedom of speech, for the House of Representatives, for plies were going away. Now our sup- but before the Framers even mentioned the men and women around the world plies are at record numbers and we free speech, they mentioned the free right now who are serving quietly in keep finding more. exercise of religion. It is popular cul- ways of intelligence, publically as first In the past 6 months, America has ture now for people to be intolerant of responders and leaders, and our mili- lost 100,000 jobs because we have people of faith and people who live tary scattered across the Earth. God,

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The section 215 as we are, we know that You are an online magazine, and other social program is subject to rigorous controls ever-present help in time of trouble, media platforms to contact and eventu- and strict oversight. Only a limited and we will not fear. ally radicalize recruits online. If our number of intelligence professionals Thank you, Jesus. Amen. intelligence community cannot con- have access to the data. There are Madam President, I yield back the nect the dots of information, we cannot strict limits on when and for what pur- remainder of my time. stop this determined enemy from pose they can access the data. Their The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. launching attacks. access to the data is closely supervised FISCHER). The majority leader. Under section 215 authority, the NSA with numerous—numerous—levels of CONGRATULATING SENATOR LANKFORD can find connections—find connec- review. These safeguards will not apply Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, tions—from known terrorists overseas to the untried and novel system under I wish to say to my new colleague from and connect that to potential terror- the USA FREEDOM Act, and rather Oklahoma, what an insightful assess- ists in the United States. But the NSA than storing the information securely ment of the challenges facing our coun- cannot query the database, which con- at NSA, the information would be held try and an extraordinary list of solu- sists of call data records such as the by private companies instead. tions to those challenges, not to men- number calling, the number called, and There was an excellent editorial tion reminding us all that we are the the duration, without a court order. today in the Wall Street Journal point- envy of the world. Let me say that again. NSA cannot ing out the challenges we face. It was So I congratulate our new colleague query the database, which consists of entitled the ‘‘Snowden Blindfold Act.’’ from Oklahoma. I wish him well and call data records such as number call- The ‘‘Snowden Blindfold Act’’ was the thank him for his fine remarks. ing, the number called, and the dura- headline in the Wall Street Journal The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tion, without a court order. Under sec- today. ator from Georgia. tion 215, the NSA cannot listen to Madam President, I ask unanimous Mr. ISAKSON. I suggest the absence phone calls of Americans at all. Under consent to have printed in the RECORD of a quorum. section 215, the NSA cannot listen to a copy of that article. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the phone calls of Americans at all. There being no objection, the mate- clerk will call the roll. Despite the value of the section 215 rial was ordered to be printed in the The legislative clerk proceeded to program and the rigorous safeguards RECORD, as follows: call the roll. that govern it, critics of the program [From the Wall Street Journal, May 7, 2015] Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, either want to do away with it or make THE SNOWDEN BLINDFOLD ACT I ask unanimous consent that the order it much more difficult to use. Many of Congress moves to weaken antiterror sur- for the quorum call be rescinded. veillance while France expands it. them are proposing a bill—the USA At least one of the gunmen who shot up a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without FREEDOM Act—that they say will Texas free speech event on Sunday was objection, it is so ordered. keep us safe while protecting our pri- known to the FBI as a potentially violent Under the previous order, the time vacy. It will do neither. It will neither radical and was convicted in 2011 on a terror- from 11:30 a.m. until 12:50 p.m. will be keep us safe nor protect our privacy. It related charge. The Islamic State claimed equally divided, with the majority con- will make us more vulnerable and it credit for this domestic attack, albeit an trolling the first half and the Demo- risks compromising our privacy. unproven connection. So it is strange that crats controlling the second half. The USA FREEDOM Act would re- Congress is moving to weaken U.S. surveil- lance defenses against the likes of shooters NSA COUNTERTERRORISM PROGRAM place section 215 with an untested, un- Elton Simpson and Nadir Soofi. Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, tried, and more cumbersome system. It Two years after the leaks from Edward since the unlawful leaks of NSA pro- would not end bulk collection of call Snowden’s stolen dossier, a liberal-conserv- grams, opponents of our counterterror- data. Instead, it would have un- ative coalition is close to passing a bill that ism program have painted a distorted trained—untrained—corporate employ- would curtail the programs the National Se- picture of how these programs are con- ees with uncertain supervision and pro- curity Agency has employed in some form ducted and overseen by exploiting the tocols do the collecting. So it switches for two decades. Adding to this political this responsibility from the NSA, with strangeness, France of all places is on the fact that our intelligence community verge of modernizing and expanding its own cannot discuss classified activities. So total oversight, to corporate employees surveillance capabilities for the era of burn- what you have is an effort to charac- with uncertain supervision and proto- er cell phones, encrypted emails and mass terize our NSA programs, and the offi- cols. They get to do the collecting. It online jihadist propaganda. cials who conduct them cannot discuss would establish a wall between the The Patriot Act expires at the end of the the classified activities. So they are NSA analysts and the data they are month, and a fragile House-negotiated com- clearly at a disadvantage. trying to analyze. At best, the new sys- promise on reauthorization would end NSA Since September 11, 2001, FISA has tem envisioned by the USA FREEDOM sweeps of telephone metadata—the date, time stamps and duration of calls. The con- been critically important in keeping us Act would be more cumbersome and tent of those calls isn’t collected without a safe here in America. According to the time consuming to use when speed and separate warrant. The measure also includes CIA, had these authorities been in agility are absolutely crucial. At mostly cosmetic nuisance changes such as a place more than a decade ago, they worst, it will not work at all because panel of outside amicus lawyers to advise the would likely—likely—have prevented there is no requirement in the legisla- secret Foreign Intelligence Surveillance 9/11. Not only have these tools kept us tion that the telecoms hold the data Court (FISC) that supervises and approves safe, there has not been a single inci- for any length of time. Put differently, NSA activities. But the metadata eulogies are premature dent—not one—of an intentional abuse section 215 helped us find the needle in before what ought to be a sturdy debate in of them. a haystack, but under the USA FREE- the Senate. Majority Leader Mitch McCon- The NSA is overseen by the execu- DOM Act, there may not be a haystack nell introduced a ‘‘clean’’ extension of cur- tive, legislative, and judicial branches to look through at all. rent law as a base bill that the chamber will of our government. They are not run- In short, the opponents of America’s open to amendments later this month. The ning rogue out there. The NSA is over- counterterror programs would rather Senate narrowly defeated a bill similar to seen by the legislative, executive, and trust telecommunication companies to the House measure last year, and we hope it hold this data and search it on behalf does so again. judicial branches of our government. Senators should think carefully about the The employees of NSA are highly of our government. These companies value of metadata collection, and not only trained, supervised, and tested. have no programs, no training or tools because the technical details of the House The expiring provisions of FISA are to search the databases they would bill are still being parsed by security ex- ideally suited for the terrorist threats need to create, and if that isn’t bad perts. In January 2014, President Obama

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Here are Presumably the NSA continued to analyze As we reacted, through our law en- the facts: Your grocery store collects metadata—despite pro forma White House forcement tools within the United 10 times the amount of data that the opposition—because these details provide in- States, we used an instrument called a NSA ever thought about collecting on telligence that is useful for uncovering plots, national security letter. They produced you. preventing attacks and otherwise safe- a national security letter. They had to guarding the country. The NSA must dem- There is a big difference between the onstrate to FISC judges a ‘‘reasonable, go to the telecoms and ask that they NSA and your grocery store: The NSA articulable suspicion’’ to gain approval for search their systems for this informa- doesn’t sell data; your grocery store each ‘‘selector,’’ or search query. tion. does. From the data they collect, they In other words, there is little invasion of The leader alluded to the fact that could do a psychological profile on an privacy because the searches are narrow. The many looking back to pre-9/11 said that individual. They could tell you how old NSA isn’t even using automated algorithms had we had the tools we have today, we to reveal suspicious patterns the way that they are, what their health is, where might have stopped this attack. But they live, how often they shop, there- credit card companies and retailers mine over a series of years, Congress, the ex- consumer data every day. The NSA’s 170 fore when they work. We are not in the metadata searches involved merely 160 for- ecutive branch, the Justice Depart- business of doing that. They are. But I eign targets and 227 known or presumed U.S. ment, and our intelligence community don’t hear anybody complaining about citizens. worked to refine the tools we thought the grocery stores’ discount card be- There is still no evidence that the data could effectively be used to get in front cause you get a discount, so you are have been abused. The Supreme Court has of a terrorist attack. held since Smith v. Maryland in 1979 that the That brings us to where we are today. willing to do that. Constitution provides no guarantee of Over those years, we created section What we haven’t shared with the metadata privacy. Domestic police and pros- 215, the ability to use bulk data. What American people is, what do you get ecutors in routine criminal investigations is bulk data? Bulk data is storing tele- through this program? You get the enjoy more warrantless access to metadata safety and security of knowing we are well beyond even the NSA status quo. phone numbers—we have no idea to The House bill pretends not to undermine whom they belong—that are foreign doing everything we possibly can to intelligence collection by requiring telecom and domestic. The whole basis behind identify a terrorist and the act and to and tech companies to retain metadata busi- this program is that as a cell phone is stop it before it happens. ness records. The NSA could then request picked up in Syria and we look at the So we are here today with a choice. these documents with FISC consent or uni- The choice is whether we are going to laterally in an emergency. But assembling phone numbers that phone talked to, if this information retroactively may be too it is someone in the United States, we reauthorize this program, which has slow in a true crisis—in return for little or would like to know that—at least law been very effective, with the same con- no added privacy protection. After the hack- enforcement would like to know it—so ditions the President has in place—you ing breaches at Sony, Target and a string of we can understand if there is a threat have to go to a judge—and with impor- health insurers, Americans may reasonably against us here in the homeland or tant controls on privacy by profes- wonder if their data are safer fragmented somewhere else in the world. sionals with rules, or whether we are across many private third-party repositories. Section 215 allows the NSA to col- going to roll it back to the telecoms. The Members of Congress who know the most about intelligence know all this, but lect, in bulk, telephone numbers with Make no mistake about it—the com- they say that ending metadata collection is no identifier on them. We couldn’t tell promise legislation rolls us back to the the price of blocking a political stampede you who that American might be. And same thing we were doing pre-9/11. that might also kill more important provi- if for a reason they believe they need So whether we let it expire or we re- sions such as Section 702 that authorizes for- to look at that number because of an authorize it, those are the two choices eign-to-foreign wiretaps. That might have Executive order from the President, because this compromise bill actually been true immediately after the Snowden they go to a judge, and the judge is the forces it back to telecoms—very cum- heist, but it may not be true after the at- one who gives them permission to tacks on Charlie Hebdo and in Texas by Is- bersome, time-consuming, and, I would lamic State-inspired jihadists. search or query that data. If, in fact, say, fraught with privacy issues, as the Those shootings show that surveillance is they find a number that connects with leader pointed out. It is my choice to more crucial than ever to prevent mass mur- one of a known terrorist, they have to continue the program because the pro- der on U.S. soil by homegrown or foreign go back to the court and prove there is gram has worked. radicals. The French understand this, which reason for them to know whose number NSA only has less than three dozen is why they are widening their intelligence that is and the duration of time of the reach. No prevention can ever be perfect. But people who have the authority to look the House measure is a deliberate effort to conversation. Further information re- at this data. I will bet there would be know less and blind U.S. spooks to poten- quires further judicial action. more people in every telecom company tially relevant information. This self-im- Why are we here today? Because this who are authorized to search data. expires on May 31. Some would suggest posed fog may be politically satisfying now, Let me suggest this to my col- but deadly if there is another attack. it is time to do away with it. Over the same period of time, we leagues: If their argument is valid, Mr. MCCONNELL. Finally, I would then they should be on the floor with a like to ask the senior Senator from added something the American people have been very close to. It is called the similar bill eliminating the TSA. I am North Carolina, who is the chairman of not sure anybody invades my privacy the Select Committee on Intelligence, TSA. Every time we go to an airport, we go through a security mechanism. any more than the TSA process. When the following question: Why was it nec- I go through, they x ray me, they look essary to enact the provisions of the Americans have never complained about it. Why? Because we know that at my luggage. In some cases, they PATRIOT Act after the attacks of 9/11/ stop me and wand me and, in some 2001, and why are they relevant today when we get on the airplane, there is a high degree of likelihood that there is cases, hand-check me. I am not sure given the threat we face from ISIL and there are any more blatant privacy Al Qaeda? not a terrorist, a bomb, or some type of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- weapon that is going to be used against concerns than that. But they are not in ator from North Carolina. us. here suggesting we do away with TSA Mr. BURR. Madam President, I ap- The leader said there has not been a because they know the public under- preciate the question the leader has single instance of a breach of privacy. stands the safety TSA provides to avia- asked, and, also, I ask unanimous con- Yet, those who suggest we need to tion. sent to enter into a colloquy with my change this do it 100 percent on the Our big mistake is we haven’t been Republican colleagues. fact that privacy has been invaded. Let out here sharing with the American The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without me say to all my colleagues, to the people why it has been so long since objection, it is so ordered. public, and to both sides of the Hill, there has been an attack. We were

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The alternatives to the current lic, in the same week, ISIL went on so- the testimony of this administration’s program do not come close to offering cial media networks and said: America, senior intelligence officials. the capabilities we now have that en- don’t think that you have got this in The rise of Al Qaeda affiliates in Af- able us to protect Americans. your rearview mirror. There are over 70 rica and the Arabian Peninsula and the One alternative offered by opponents terrorists that we have in America in broader Middle East illustrates the me- is to have phone companies retain con- 15 States, and it is a matter of time be- tastasis of Al Qaeda following its re- trol of cell data and provide the NSA fore it happens. treat from Afghanistan. These groups only the data responsive to searches Why in the world would we think are larger and more spread out than phone companies would run on the about rolling back the tools that are their predecessors. They are also more agency’s behalf. This isn’t techno- the only tools that put us post-9/11 technologically and operationally logically feasible. versus pre-9/11? savvy, developing new, nonmetallic At the request of the President’s own The threat is greater today domesti- bombs, recruiting westerners, and Director of National Intelligence, the cally and around the world than it has using the Internet to spread their ha- independent National Research Council ever been, and the argument we will be tred. They even publish ‘‘how to’’ examined this proposal, and its experts consumed with is whether we do away manuals for becoming a successful ter- concluded that the technology does not with tools that have been effective for rorist at home. currently exist that would enable a law enforcement to protect America. Of course, there is the Islamic system spread among different carriers I would suggest that we reauthorize State—the Obama-described ‘‘JV to replace the capabilities of the cur- this bill for 5.5 years as is and that we team’’—which has cut the heads off of rent NSA metadata program. Any such make the same commitment to the innocent Americans, is torturing and system would create holes in our abil- American people we do when we reau- murdering Christians and other reli- ity to identify terrorist connections. thorize and fund the TSA: No matter gious minorities, and has sadistically where you are, we have controls. We burned people alive. More than 20,000 First, phone companies don’t store are going to keep America safe. We are foreigners have gone to Syria and Iraq the data for longer than 180 days and not going to let it revert back to where to join this enemy. Some have returned oftentimes for much shorter periods, we are susceptible to another 9/11. to their home countries, including the and nothing in the USA FREEDOM Act With that, I turn to Senator COTTON, United States, some have remained in requires them to store it any longer. my distinguished colleague from Ar- their home countries, becoming more The current NSA program, however, kansas, and ask whether he agrees that radicalized and ready to inflict harm stores data for 5 years, which allows the collection of telephone and call against Americans. the NSA to discover potential terrorist data does not raise any reasonable ex- We don’t have to look any further links during that time period. A sys- pectations of privacy under the Fourth than this past week, when two Islamic tem that keeps data with multiple car- Amendment. State-inspired jihadists decided to open riers that store their data for much Mr. COTTON. Madam President, I fire in Texas. Press reports indicate shorter time periods is close to useless thank the Senator from North Caro- that one of the attackers was in con- in discovering terrorist network and lina, and I appreciate his work and the tact with an ISIS supporter currently sleeper cells, many of which lie in wait majority leader’s work on this critical located in Somalia. This conduct illus- for years before launching an attack. issue. I have been working hand in trates why this program is so impor- Second, a system that tries to search glove with them all along. tant. It helps close the gap that exists multiple carriers and then collects and I would say the answer to the ques- between foreign intelligence gathering unifies their responses is cumbersome tion is, no, this does not raise any rea- and stopping attacks here at home. and time-consuming. In many inves- sonable concern about privacy. In fact, This is the gap that contributed in part tigations, the loss of valuable minutes, the program does not collect any con- to our failure to stop the 9/11 attacks. hours, and days may mean the dif- tent. It does not surveil any phone call. There are also open source reports of ference between stopping an attack or It doesn’t even include any personally ISIS cells in Virginia, Maryland, Illi- seeing it succeed. identifiable information. nois, California, and Michigan. As a Third, data stored with phone compa- I have spent hours with the intel- member of the Intelligence Committee, nies rather than the NSA is more vul- ligence officers and the FBI agents who I receive regular briefings on such nerable to hackers who would seek to are responsible for administering these threats, and I invite all my colleagues abuse queries of the stored metadata. programs—not merely the general to receive these briefings if they doubt Fourth, the costs are unknown, and counsels or the directors of these agen- that the wolves are at the door or even the American people will bear them— cies but the men and women who ad- in our country. either as taxpayers if the telecom com- minister them. I have asked them what This highlights one challenge of this panies ask to be reimbursed or as con- they think poses a greater risk to their debate: Most of the information sur- sumers as the companies pass along the privacy—the discount grocery card the rounding the plots and the programs is costs on your phone bill, perhaps as an Senator from North Carolina men- classified. The intelligence community NSA collection fee. tioned or the fact that e-commerce has been very accommodating in pro- Web sites have their name, address, viding classified briefings to Members Fifth, to those people who say that credit card number, and personal his- of the Senate and the Congress. The this is technologically feasible and tory? And to a person, every one of issue, though, is often getting Members that we can easily execute it, I would them said a greater threat to their pri- to attend or to visit with the agencies. remind you that this is the Federal vacy is commercial marketing prac- That is why I believe the Senate may Government that brought you tices, not this program. have to enter a closed session as we de- healthcare.gov. The program has been approved 40 bate these programs, so that Members A second alternative offered is to pay times by 15 different independent Fed- are not woefully ignorant of the a third-party contractor or quasi-pri- eral judges based on 36 years of Su- threats America faces. vate entity to store data and run the preme Court precedent and has been Under consideration in the House and program. I would argue that this is un- approved by two Presidents of both proposed in the Senate is the so-called tested and unworkable. parties. If President Obama wanted to USA FREEDOM Act, which will elimi- First, the proposal would also require end the program tomorrow, he could, nate the essential intelligence this pro- an indefinite stream of taxpayer dol- but he hasn’t. That is because this pro- gram collects. Proponents of the bill lars to fund it.

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We tional security and without the secu- catastrophic attack in the United are talking about hundreds of thou- rity and privacy protections in place States. That is a proposition with sands of subpoenas for telephone toll today. which I wholeheartedly agree. records. Third, a new organization will create I now see my colleague from the Ju- In every murder case, virtually every the need for heavy security, top-secret diciary Committee on the floor. He is a robbery case, every big drug case, the clearances for employees, and strong former U.S. attorney and State attor- prosecutor wants to use those toll congressional oversight. As more re- ney general, and I wonder if he agrees records to show the connection be- sources are devoted to such an entity, that this program is both constitu- tween the criminals. It is extremely what we end up with is a reconstituted tional and does not differ in substan- valuable for a jury. This is part of daily NSA program but at additional cost to tial ways from the traditional tools law practice in America. taxpayers and greater threats to pri- prosecutors can use against criminals To say that the NSA analysts have to vacy. while also providing adequate safe- have a court order before they can ob- As I mentioned, I have taken the op- guards to American privacy. tain a telephone toll record is contrary portunity in recent months to go and Mr. SESSIONS. Madam President, to everything that happens every day visit the men and women who work at that is an important question. First, I in America. I am absolutely amazed the NSA and FBI. I can tell you all would like to thank the Senator for that the President has gone further that they are fine Americans with the volunteering to serve in the forces of than the law requires and is requiring highest character. I spent hours with the United States to protect the secu- some form of court order. the very small number of men and rity of our country and the Middle East Apparently, this bill would go even women at Fort Meade who are allowed and dangerous areas. further, this FREEDOM Act. It is not to search this data. I would ask how We do need to protect our national necessary. You do not get the commu- many critics of the program have actu- security. We lost almost 3,000 people on nications. All you get is—the person ally done that. 9/11. The Nation came together. I was a may be a terrorist in Yemen, and they Let’s examine in detail how these member of the Senate Judiciary Com- are making phone calls to the United men and women search this data. An mittee at the time, and we evaluated States, and you check to see what independent Federal court regularly what to do about it. We worked to- those numbers are and who they may approves NSA’s authority to collect gether in a bipartisan way and in a vir- have called. You might identify a cell and store the data in the first place. tually unanimous agreement passed that is inside the United States that it But for these men and women to even the PATRIOT Act to try to help us be is on the verge of having another 9/11, look at the data, it must go through a more effective in dealing with inter- hijacking another airplane to blow up multistep process that includes ap- national terrorism. the Capitol. I mean, this is real life. proval by four different entities at the What I have to tell you is what we I think we only had a couple hundred NSA, numerous attorneys at the De- were facing. Many people were shocked queries. I think that is awfully low. partment of Justice, and those very to see the improper obstacles that were One reason is, I am sure, we have such same judges who sit on that court. placed in the way of our intelligence a burden on it. Even if a search request is granted, not community as they sought to try to I would say, let’s not overreact on just anyone at the NSA can access the figure out how to identify and capture this. Please, let’s not overreact on this. data; access is limited to this small people who wanted to do harm to Former Attorney General Mukasey, a group of men and women, all of whom America. It was stunning. There was a former Federal judge himself, has real- undergo regular background checks, wall between the CIA, which did the ly pushed back on this, and he believes drug tests, and are subject to regular foreign intelligence, and the FBI. They it is the wrong kind of thing for us to polygraphs, many of whom are mili- could not say to the FBI: We have in- be doing at this time. tary veterans. telligence that this person might be a This is what he said: To prevent abuse of the program in terrorist. The FBI has jurisdiction To impose such a burden on the NSA as the retrospect, searches of the data are within the United States. That wall price of simply running a number through a database that includes neither the content of automatically recorded and regularly was eliminated when we developed calls nor even the identity of the callers is audited by both the inspector general these intelligence tools. And we did perverse. The president said that this step and the Department of Justice, with other things in an overwhelmingly bi- may be dispensed with only in a ‘‘true emer- strict penalties for anyone found to partisan way. gency,’’ as if events unfold to a musical score have committed abuse. As a person who spent 15 years as a with a crescendo to tell us when a ‘‘true Moreover, I, the Senator from North prosecutor, I would say there is noth- emergency’’ is at hand. Carolina, and other members of the in- ing in this act that alters the funda- He was talking about the additional telligence committees of both Houses mental principles of what powers inves- requirements the President put on it. of this Congress participate in these re- tigators have to investigate crime in One more thing. This is the way the views. This is a robust and layered set America. system works and has worked for the of protections for Americans, their pri- A county attorney can issue a sub- last 50 years—40 years at least. A crime vacy, and these protections would not poena from any county in America— occurs. A prosecutor or the DEA agent exist under the proposed USA FREE- and they do every day by the hundreds investigates. They issue a subpoena to DOM Act. of thousands—including subpoenas to the local phone company that has There are also protections that al- phone companies for telephone toll these telephone toll records—the same most definitely will not be adopted by records. Those toll records have the thing you get in the mail—and they private telecom providers, which some name, the address, and the phone num- send them in response to the subpoena. wrongly suggest might retain exclusive bers called and how many minutes. They send those documents. They control of this data. What is maintained in this system ba- maintain those records. These multiple safeguards are why to sically is just numbers. Now the computer systems are more date these programs have a sterling Not only can a county attorney, who sophisticated. There are more phone record, with no verified instances of in- is a lawyer, but also a drug enforce- calls than ever. The numbers are by tentional abuse, not a single one. ment agent and an IRS agent can issue the tens of millions, probably almost In conclusion, in the wake of the an administrative subpoena on the billions of calls. So they are reducing traitorous Snowden disclosures, Sen- basis that there is information in tele- the number that they are maintaining ator Chambliss and Senator FEINSTEIN phone toll records regarding John Doe in their computers—I believe Senator showed great leadership when they that are relevant to the investigation COTTON said it was 18 months. Maybe

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But there is a the answer better not be because this cure system, and they are accessible probability we would have; therefore, Congress failed to authorize a program just as they had been before but actu- there is a probability American lives that might have helped us know about ally with less information than the could have been saved. it. These people are not playing games. local police get when they issue a sub- This program works as follows: If the They don’t go on these Web sites and poena. intelligence agencies of the United say the things they say for purposes of I believe this would be a big mistake. States believe there is an individual aggrandizement. This is a serious Senator BURR. who is involved in terrorist activity—a threat, and I hope we reauthorize this Mr. BURR. I thank the Senator from reasonable belief—and that individual bill. Alabama. might be communicating with people Mr. BURR. Madam President, I Madam President, I ask unanimous as part of a plot, they have to get an thank my colleagues for their partici- consent for 5 additional minutes on the order that allows them access to their pation, and I thank my colleagues on majority side and 5 additional minutes phone bill. The phone bill basically the other side of the aisle for their ac- on the minority side. tells you when they called, what num- commodation. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there ber they called, and how long the call I will conclude by saying that in the objection? was. Why does that matter? Because if very near future this Congress will be Without objection, it is so ordered. I know that subject X is an individual presented two choices: to reauthorize a Mr. BURR. Madam President, I am who is involved in terrorism, of course program that works or to roll back our very curious to hear what my colleague I want to know whom they are calling. tools to pre-9/11. I don’t believe that is Senator RUBIO has to say and whether I would not be as interested in the calls what the American people want, and I he is in agreement with what we have to Pizza Hut or the local pharmacy, don’t believe that is what Members of said on the floor to this point. but I would be interested in calls over- Congress want. Mr. RUBIO. Madam President, I seas or calls to other people because I urge my colleagues to become edu- think my colleagues have made an ex- they could be part of the plot as well. cated on what this program is, what it cellent point today in outlining all the That is why this is such a valuable does, and more importantly, how effec- details of how this program works. Let tool. tive it has been implemented. me back up and point out why we are My colleagues have already pointed I yield the floor. even having this debate, other than the out that if the IRS wants your phone The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- fact that it is expiring. It is because bill, they just have to issue a subpoena. ator from New Mexico. the perception has been created—in- If virtually every agency—any agency FRANK R. LAUTENBERG CHEMICAL SAFETY FOR cluding by political figures who serve of American Government—if your local THE 21ST CENTURY ACT in this Chamber—that the U.S. Govern- police department wants your phone Mr. UDALL. Madam President, I ask ment is listening to your phone calls or bill—in fact, if you are involved in a unanimous consent that the following going through your bills as a matter of proceeding in a civil litigation and Senators be added as cosponsors to S. course. That is absolutely categori- they want access to your phone bill be- 697, the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical cally false. cause it is relevant to the case, they Safety for the 21st Century Act, a bill The next time that any politician— can just get a subpoena. It is part of to reform the Toxic Substances Control Senator, Congressman—talking head, the record. The intelligence agencies Act of 1976: Senators BARRASSO, BOOK- whoever it may be, stands up and says actually have to go through a number ER, CORNYN, COTTON, ISAKSON, KAINE, ‘‘The U.S. Government is listening to of hoops and hurdles, and that is fine. MCCASKILL, MERKLEY, MURKOWSKI, your phone calls or going through your That is appropriate because these are MURPHY, RUBIO, SCOTT, SHAHEEN, and phone records,’’ they are lying. It is very powerful agencies. WHITEHOUSE. not true, except for some very isolated I will further add that the people who There is a substantial list here that instances—in the hundreds—of individ- are raising hysteria—what is the prob- brings the total up to 36 cosponsors on uals for whom there is reasonable sus- lem we are solving here? There is not this piece of legislation. picion that they could have links to one single documented case, not one The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without terrorism. single documented case—there is not objection, it is so ordered. Those of us in this culture in our so- one single case that has been brought Mr. UDALL. Madam President, I ciety are often accused of having a to us as an example of how this pro- came from a press conference on the short attention span. We forget that gram is being abused. Show me the third floor, with Chairman INHOFE, less than a year ago, Russian separat- story. Give the name to the world. Senator VITTER, Senator WHITEHOUSE, ists shot down a commercial airliner Show us who this individual is who is and Senator MERKLEY, about the Frank armed by the Russians. Maybe even the going out there and seizing the phone R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the Russians themselves did it. We forget records of Americans improperly. 21st Century Act. So I thought I would that it was not long ago that Assad was There is not one example of that—not talk a little bit about what we are try- using chemical weapons to slaughter one. And if there is, that individual ing to do and where we are headed. people in Syria. The world moves on. should be fired, prosecuted, and put in Americans trust that when they go What we should never forget is what jail. The solution is not to get rid of a to the grocery store or when they are happened here on the 11th of Sep- program at a time when we know the in their own homes, the products they tember of the year 2001. There are a risk of homegrown violent extremism reach for are safe. The current system number of seminal moments in Amer- is the highest it has ever been. fails that trust. It fails to provide con- ican history that people always re- We used to be worried about a for- fidence in our regulatory system, and member. They remember when Presi- eigner coming to the United States and it fails to provide confidence in our dent Kennedy was assassinated. Every- carrying out an attack, and then we consumer products. We cannot let that one in this room remembers where were worried about an American trav- failure continue. they were and what they were doing on eling abroad and coming back and car- I rise today to urge support for the that morning of the 11th of September rying out an attack. Now we are wor- Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety of the year 2001 when the World Trade ried about people who may never leave for the 21st Century Act. It is the best Center was attacked and the subse- here, who are radicalized online and chance we have—possibly for many quent attacks happened. carry out an attack. years—to protect our kids from dan- Here is the truth. If this program had This is not theoretical. Just last gerous chemicals. existed before 9/11, it is quite possible weekend two individuals who were in- The Toxic Substances Control Act of we would have known that 9/11 hijacker spired by ISIS tried to carry out an at- 1976, or TSCA, is supposed to protect

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:43 May 07, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.034 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2713 American families. It does not. There begin until the EPA approves it. More I thank the Presiding Officer. are over 84,000 known chemicals and than 700 new chemicals come into com- I may speak again after Senator DUR- hundreds of new ones every year. Of all merce each year. Our bill gives the BIN has finished his statement on the of these chemicals, how many have EPA the time it needs and keeps these floor. been regulated by the EPA? Less than chemicals out of American homes in I thank Senator DURBIN. I have had half a dozen. The EPA cannot even reg- the meantime. some very good exchanges with him on ulate asbestos, a known carcinogen, Second, the current TSCA has no re- this bill. I look forward to working since losing a court battle in 1991. So quirement for evaluating existing through the issues that Illinois has. I for decades, the risks and the dangers chemicals—none. Our bill does and in- know that Illinois is a big State, and are there, but there is no cop on the cludes deadlines even more aggressive the Senator cares about chemicals and beat. than the EPA itself said it was ready chemical safety. I want to make sure Some States are trying to fill the for. the Senator is comfortable with what gaps by regulating a few chemicals. Third, we require a stronger safety we have in this bill and will try to But my home State of New Mexico, and standard for all chemicals to be evalu- work with my colleague as we move the vast majority of other States, have ated. No longer will the EPA be re- down the road. no ability to test chemicals. They have quired to choose the least burdensome I yield the floor. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The as- no department to write regulations. regulation. Its criteria will be safety, sistant Democratic leader. Without a working Federal law, they science, and public health—never costs Mr. DURBIN. Madam President, I have no Federal protection—no protec- or convenience. Fourth, our bill requires, for the first commend my colleague from New Mex- tion at all. ico. It is difficult to put in words the Even in the 7 years since California— time, that the EPA protect our most way I feel about his effort on this sub- which probably has the greatest capac- vulnerable populations—pregnant ject. ity of all States to test and regulate— women, infants, the elderly, and work- ers—from chemicals in commerce or It was first brought to my attention passed a law to regulate chemicals, it when there was a series in the Chicago has only begun the process on three. manufacturing. Fifth, TSCA is silent on animal wel- Tribune about fire retardant chemicals We have an opportunity and an obliga- fare and testing. The Lautenberg act in furniture. It turned out that many tion to reform our broken chemical minimizes animal testing and develops people who were making furniture were safety law. That is why I and others a strategy to do so. putting fire retardant chemicals in the have worked so hard to find com- Finally, we limit the protection of fabric of the upholstery, as well as in promise. That is why I introduced the confidential business information so the cushions of chairs and couches. Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety that businesses cannot hide informa- After further examination, we found for the 21st Century Act. tion from the public. that these chemicals were not, in fact, I have been privileged to work with Let’s be clear. We have a choice. We fire retardant, and secondly, they had Senator VITTER on this bill. I thank can continue with a law that has properties that were dangerous and, the Senator from Louisiana and our failed, we can continue to leave the frankly, should not be in our homes. colleagues who have worked with us. American people unprotected or we can I thought about that series over and This is a true bipartisan effort. We actually make a difference. I believe over again because my wife and I have don’t always agree, but we have one the choice is obvious. Our bill will two of the cutest grandkids on Earth goal. Reform is overdue—40 years over- make Americans safer—and not just who are a little over 3 years old. I due. for Americans fortunate enough to live thought to myself: Every time I plop Our esteemed former colleague, the in States with protections. All Ameri- down on the couch to play with the late Senator Lautenberg, led the way cans, no matter where they live, will be kids, I am pushing down on that cush- for many years with great determina- protected. ion and spraying those chemicals into tion. His bipartisan effort with Senator For those Americans in States with the room. I thought long and hard VITTER to reform TSCA was the last existing safeguards, that will not about it. I didn’t know what those major legislation he introduced. change. Those safeguards will stay in chemicals meant, what they could do Two years ago, the New York Times place. Any regulations in place as of to my grandkids or what they could do endorsed the Lautenberg-Vitter bill. August of this year will remain. And to innocent people. It never crossed my The Times said correctly that previous there is a role for States to play to mind. efforts at reform had gone nowhere and help with the thousands of chemicals Senator UDALL has taken on what is the bill ‘‘deserves to be passed because that the EPA will not be able to evalu- in many ways a thankless task but a it would be a significant advance over ate. But the EPA has the largest staff very important one—to try to come up the current law.’’ on chemical safety of any country in with some standards for new chemicals I was honored to take over as the the world. They should be able to put so they are reviewed and so we know lead Democrat on the bill. Since then, that staff to good work. To do other- they are safe for Americans and for I have listened to concerns, I have wise is wasted opportunity and contin- families. reached across the aisle, and I have ued failure. He has taken his share of grief in the brought everyone into the room—or at This has not been an easy process, process. I may have given him a little least tried to. With Senator VITTER we but it has been a necessary one. I be- of grief along the way because it is a have improved the bill. lieve it will result in a good bill. We critically important subject. But he is By working with three of our col- welcome a healthy debate, we welcome right to invoke the name of Senator leagues on the Environment and Public constructive amendments, and at the Frank Lautenberg. Works Committee—Senators WHITE- same time we should not lose sight of The Senator’s widow, Bonnie Lauten- HOUSE, MERKLEY, and BOOKER—we the key goal to actually pass a bill. berg, was in to see me yesterday. We made more progress. I thank them and I believe we can do this, and Senator talked about Frank and all the things Senator VITTER for coming to the table Lautenberg, who was a great environ- he had done over the years. He was my and working with us. mental champion, believed we could as Senate sponsor when I was a House I also thank our cosponsors. We are well. He used to talk a lot about his originator of the bill banning smoking up to 36 cosponsors from both sides of children and grandchildren and that on airplanes 25 years ago. Frank Lau- the aisle—half Democrats, half Repub- this bill might save more lives than tenberg carried the flag over here in licans. This is a big accomplishment. anything he had ever done. the Senate. He was my partner. The bill is even stronger now with We have a historic opportunity to One of the last press conferences I more protections for consumers and a create a chemical law that works and ever had with him was on this subject, stronger role for States to play in provides American families with the the toxic chemicals and the review of keeping their citizens safe. protections they expect and deserve. these chemicals. I remember that it I want to talk for a moment about Let’s work together. Let’s make that was right outside. how this bill moves forward. First, the happen. Let’s not wait another 40 I thank the Senator from New Mex- manufacturer of a new chemical cannot years. ico for continuing this. I am not one of

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They take their grant would teach out, which means close, its who disagree with him, even within our money and give it to the schools, and 14 Sanford-Brown institutions across own caucus. then they sign up for student loans and the country and online. This follows Again, I thank the Senator for try- they start their classes. Then they the decision to close its Harrington ing, on a bipartisan basis, to deal with find, for a variety of reasons, they College of Design in Chicago and to an issue that we should deal with as a can’t continue. Maybe they are not look for a buyer for its Le Cordon Bleu nation. I commend the Senator for ready for college. Maybe—just maybe— culinary schools. Ever heard of those? I that. I thank the Senator from New they start adding up all of the loans can guarantee my colleagues that high Mexico for his leadership. they have taken out and say, I have to school kids have heard of them. I have FOR-PROFIT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES stop; it is getting too much—because run into students at these places. Madam President, for several years I the indebtedness of students coming Harrington College of Design. I can- have been coming to the floor and giv- out of for-profit colleges and univer- not tell my colleagues how many stu- ing speeches—which some of the staff sities is twice what it is for those who dents went there, took out the loans, here can repeat because they have go to public universities. It is a very and found out it was worthless, and heard them so often—about the for- expensive undertaking. then contacted my office and asked, profit colleges and universities in Then there is the other category: What are we supposed to do next? America. I always preface my talk those who finally finish at these for- I had a hearing on for-profit colleges about these for-profit colleges and uni- profit colleges and universities but and universities in Chicago and there versities by saying: I am going to give can’t get a job. One of them was at a were students from these for-profit col- you three numbers that are going to be press conference with me last Monday leges picketing ‘‘Durbin is unfair.’’ I on the final. So get out your pen and in Chicago—a sweet young woman who went out to the students and I said: paper, students, because this will be on was born in West Virginia and raised in Where do you go to school? the final. Eastern Kentucky. She moved to Chi- One student said: I go to the Insti- Ten percent of college students go to cago, went to Everest College in Chi- tute of Art of Chicago. Now, there is a for-profit colleges and universities. cago, a for-profit school owned by Co- Chicago Art Institute, but this play on Who are the for-profit colleges and uni- rinthian Colleges. She didn’t quite fin- words turned out to be significant. versities? The biggest ones are the Uni- ish, but she spent several years there. I said: What are you studying there? versity of Phoenix, Kaplan University, Then she learned something after she The student said: I am going to be a DeVry University, and many others went out looking for a job. The em- super chef. that I will mention. Ten percent of col- ployers would look at her and say: Co- Oh, really. How much is it going to lege students go to these colleges and rinthian, that is not a good college. cost you to take the culinary courses universities that are run for profit. Why did you go there? Don’t put that to be a super chef? How do they find them? They cannot on your resume. Stop putting that on It is $54,000 in tuition. avoid them. Ask a high school student your resume because it makes you look To be a chef? I have asked the major when the last time was that they bad. restaurants in Chicago; they don’t even logged in on the Internet with the word Here she is in debt $20,000 to this for- want to see those degrees. They don’t ‘‘college’’ or ‘‘university’’ and whether profit college and her employers are look for them. They don’t value them. they were not inundated for ads to go saying stop putting that on your re- These poor kids, these young men and to for-profit schools. They are on bill- sume; it is not a real college. women who watch these cooking shows boards and on television. They are ev- This poor young woman, now in City on TV and get all caught up in it and erywhere. So 10 percent of students go Colleges, is trying, at a very young say, That is for me, end up getting to these schools. That is the first ques- age, to put it back together again. suckered into these schools. tion on the final. So that is where we start: for-profit Le Cordon Bleu is another one. Le The second question: What percent- colleges and universities, 10 percent of Cordon Bleu—doesn’t that sound great? age of Federal aid to education goes to the students, 20 percent of the Federal My wife has a cookbook that says that for-profit colleges and universities? aid to education, and 44 percent of all on it. These students quickly sign up The answer is 20 percent—20 percent of of the student loan defaults. for this French-sounding culinary Federal aid to education. Why so I have been giving this speech on the school and get in debt and deeply in much? Ten percent of the students and floor for literally years saying some- trouble. Now they are in more trouble 20 percent of the Federal aid? These thing is wrong. Why are we accrediting because the school is in the process of schools aren’t cheap. They charge a lot these schools that have such dismal going out of business. of money. Students have to borrow a records? Why are we looking the other In a public statement about their de- lot more money to go to school. way when the students who go to these cision, CEO Ron McCray of Career Edu- So the Federal aid to education, schools have massive debt and can’t cation Corporation blamed a more dif- which includes student loans to for- pay back their student loans? When are ficult higher education environment profit schools, is 20 percent. Ten per- we going to wake up as a Federal Gov- and challenging regulatory environ- cent of the students; 20 percent of the ernment and stop shoveling hundreds ment. Do people know what the chal- Federal aid to education. of millions—and billions—of dollars at lenge is? The Department of Education But here is the important number: 44. this industry? is finally challenging these schools Forty-four percent of all of the student For-profit colleges and universities’ when they say to the Department, Oh, loan defaults in the United States are share of Federal aid to education—if it our kids all get jobs—when they grad- from students at for-profit colleges and were a separate line item in the Fed- uate, they all get jobs. universities. Why? Well, there are two eral budget, would be the ninth largest When they challenged Corinthian reasons—maybe more but two that are Federal agency. That is how much Colleges, here is what they found out. obvious. They accept everyone. If a money we send to these people. These Corinthian graduates would be em- student is low income—particularly a are for-profit, private sector compa- ployed—check the box—after they minority student—they can’t wait to nies—baloney. Their revenues—80 to 95 graduate for about 30 days, sometimes bring them in the door. Why? Because percent of their revenues come right less. Corinthian had cooked a deal with they automatically qualify for about from the Treasury. This is the most employers to hire their graduates for 30 $5,000 in Pell grants that the school can heavily subsidized industry in America. days, and it paid them to do it, and get right away, and they automatically But now something historic has hap- they were caught redhanded and even- qualify for college loans because their pened. Corinthian Colleges, one of the tually went out of business. Fraud—

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:05 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.028 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2715 fraud in reporting to the government, were from private lenders to these kids dreds of millions of dollars not only fraud on the taxpayers leading to the at ITT Tech? How about 16.25 percent. from Federal taxpayers but at the ex- collapse of Corinthian Colleges. Think about that for a minute. At a pense of students now burdened with Career Education Corporation, inci- time when the interest rates in our the debt of their schools also be inves- dentally, is under investigation—this country are at rock bottom, these kids tigated? I think it only stands to rea- for-profit school—by 17 different State were paying 16 percent to the lenders son they should be. attorneys general relating to recruit- for private loans. Madam President, I have another ment practices and graduate placement There is something else we should statement to make, but I see two of my statistics, among other things. In 2013, know. Unlike virtually any other loan colleagues. I will come back a little this company, Career Education Cor- that we take out in America, student later in the day. poration, settled with the New York loans are not dischargeable in bank- I yield the floor. attorney general for 10 million bucks. ruptcy. No matter how deep a hole The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- The company is on the Heightened these kids get into—and their fami- ator from New Mexico. Mr. UDALL. Madam President, I Cash Monitoring list, meaning they are lies—no matter how deep the hole, if would ask the Chair to notify me when suspect, of the U.S. Department of they go bankrupt over student loans, I have consumed 5 minutes. Education. they can’t discharge them in bank- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- What else happened yesterday? This ruptcy. Student loans follow you to the ator will be so notified. is all within the last 2 weeks. grave. That is what these kids at age 19 Mr. UDALL. Madam President, I rise Education Management Corpora- and 20 are getting into. Sadly, these to support the President’s negotiations tion—EDMC—announced that it was for-profit schools are dragging them in with the P5+1 and Iran and to speak going to close 15 of these art institute that direction. about the tremendous work—especially campuses. Remember that one? I told The Consumer Financial Protection at our national laboratories—to create my colleagues about that costs $54,000 Bureau believes ITT misrepresented a framework agreement that meets the tuition to become a cook? They are the basics, including how often you can scientific requirements to prevent Iran going to close 15 of these campuses, in- get a job, the quality of the diploma. from acquiring a nuclear weapon. cluding reportedly one in Tinley Park, Does this sound familiar? It is a recur- I also wish to express my support for IL. They have been financially fal- ring theme in this industry. ITT is the Corker-Menendez bill as passed by tering for some time. They had re- under investigation by everybody in the Senate Foreign Relations Com- cently tried to do a debt restructuring sight: 15 State attorneys general, the mittee. which apparently didn’t work. They Securities and Exchange Commission, Congress must have an oversight are currently being sued by the Depart- the New Mexico attorney general is role; there is no doubt about that. ment of Justice for false claims viola- suing them, and ITT is on the Depart- While I do not believe this bill is nec- tions. ment of Education’s Heightened Cash essary to have such a role, I do believe The Justice Department alleges that Monitoring list. it is the best compromise to ensure a this one, Education Management Cor- What happens when these schools go congressional oversight role without poration, falsely certified compliance bankrupt, when they close or teach out weakening the President’s hand to con- with provisions of the Federal law that and finish? Well, Corinthian ended up tinue critical negotiations. prohibit the university from paying fi- closing many of their campuses a week First, let’s be clear, we all agree on nancial incentives to its admissions or so ago and now the students who are one basic point: a nuclear-armed Iran staff that is tied to the number of stu- in debt because they went to school is a serious threat. No one doubts this. dents they recruit. We made it a law there have an opportunity. They can No one questions the history of Iran’s that said you can’t pay a bounty for walk away from the credits they deception. That history is well docu- bringing in kids and signing up in the earned at a Corinthian college and then mented and the danger is evident. This school. They did it anyway. walk away from their college debt as- is the greatest nuclear nonproliferation In addition, this company is under sociated with them since their school challenge of our time. It is of tremen- investigation by 17 State attorneys closed. But some of these other stu- dous import to our Nation, to the Mid- general, just like the other one, related dents will not be so lucky. They will dle East region, and to our ally, Israel. to, among other things, marketing and have ended their education at these It is a challenge we must meet. We do not disagree on the danger; we disagree recruitment. EDMC is also on the De- worthless schools and have a mountain partment of Education’s Heightened on the response. of debt to show for it and the school The Corker-Menendez bill is truly bi- Cash Monitoring list. will go out of business. partisan. It passed the Foreign Rela- Let me say a word about ITT Tech. This isn’t fair. There comes a point tions Committee on which I am proud We have to watch the names of these where we are supposed to step in, the to serve unanimously. I wish to thank places because they sound like real government is supposed to step in. This Chairman CORKER and Ranking Mem- schools. We have an Illinois Institute is our money, hundreds of millions of ber CARDIN for their leadership and all of Technology that is a real university, dollars from taxpayers going to these of their hard work to find a com- one of the best in the Nation—one of rotten schools that are abusing stu- promise solution. This is a solid bill. It the best in the world—when it comes to dents, leaving them deeply in debt and gives Congress the opportunity to re- engineering and science. So along then going out of business. view a final agreement, to hold hear- comes a for-profit school and makes a We shouldn’t be surprised to learn ings and ask tough questions, and it little change. It is ITT Tech, hoping that the CEOs of these schools do quite creates an orderly method for Congress the Illinois students will not catch it. well. The CEO of Corinthian College to approve or disapprove of any final They are another company under that went bankrupt: $3 million a year— agreement, providing more than heavy scrutiny. not bad for what turned out to be a enough time for both. They have been sued by the Con- fraudulent enterprise. The administration still has work to sumer Financial Protection Bureau for That is why this week I joined sev- do and needs time to do it. I believe the predatory lending to students. The eral of my colleagues and sent a letter framework agreement has promise to Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to the Department of Justice. The De- stop Iran from acquiring a nuclear alleges that ITT pushed students into partment of Education said we don’t weapon, to protect Israel, and to pre- high-cost private loans that they knew know how to go after these individual vent a new war in the Middle East. And were going to end in default. Some- wrongdoers at these for-profit college it would take longer for Iran to secure times these students are still eligible corporations. So we said to the Attor- the nuclear materials needed to make for government loans at low interest ney General: We hope you will inves- a bomb. As a result the United States rates and good terms and these schools tigate this. Take a look at it. If you and its allies would have much more don’t care. They push them into pri- cheat on your income tax or you de- time to respond if Iran attempted to vate loans with high interest rates. fraud the government, you are going to break out and build a nuclear weapon. Do my colleagues know how high the be held responsible for it. Why This is not speculation. This is not interest rates on the student loans shouldn’t these people who took hun- wishful thinking. Energy Secretary

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Talk to the en- taking up the cause and for helping to vote on this bill, I have serious ques- gineers and scientists who know the bring this legislation to this point, tions about the framework agreement most about nuclear weapons and what starting with a unanimous vote out of as it stands today, from the different is needed to make them. the Senate Foreign Relations Com- understandings that both sides have of The Secretary said in his recent op- mittee. At the end of the day, we can the agreement—which is, I guess, part ed in the Washington Post: pass a bipartisan bill almost as Senator of the challenge of not committing it An important part of the parameters is a CORKER and I first envisioned it. to one document in writing—and about set of restrictions that would significantly It has been a long and difficult proc- the pace of sanctions relief. I increas- increase the time it would take Iran to ess. There has been debate, disagree- ingly get alarmed that there is a sug- produce the nuclear material needed for a gestion that there will be greater up- weapon—the breakout time—if it pursued ment, and some amendments, but we have almost reached the finish line. front sanctions relief. I don’t believe one. The current breakout time is just two that Iran should get a signing bonus. I to three months . . . that would increase to Despite the good intentions—and I at least a year for more than 10 years, more would say the good intentions of many am concerned about the recent state- than enough time to mount an effective re- of the amendments, some which I agree ment by the President that he could sponse. with—we cannot risk a Presidential consider greater sanctions relief com- Secretary Moniz goes on to say: ‘‘The veto. And we cannot at the end of the ing upfront for Iran. I have real ques- negotiated parameters would block day risk giving up congressional review tions about where the spectrum is of Iran’s four pathways to a nuclear weap- and judgment. Iran’s research and development au- on—the path through plutonium pro- That is the critical core issue before thority as we move forward and how duction at the Arak reactor, two paths the Senate. Will we have congressional far they can advance their research and to a uranium weapon through the review and judgment on probably the development as it relates to nuclear Natanz and Fordow enrichment facili- most significant nuclear nonprolifera- power. Greater research and develop- ties, and the path of covert activity.’’ tion national security—global secu- ment means, among other things, more These negotiations must continue. rity—question, I think, of our time? We sophisticated centrifuges that can spin The President and his team must have cannot risk having no oversight role, faster and dramatically reduce break- room to proceed. Let’s not kid our- and without the passage of this legisla- out time towards a nuclear bomb. I am concerned about the ability to selves. This process is complex. It is tion, we will have missed an oppor- snap back sanctions if there are viola- daunting. Success is not guaranteed. tunity to send a clear message to tions of any agreement. Certainly, I will oppose any amendments to the Tehran. what I have seen in the first instance— Corker-Menendez bill that would tie As we near the finish line and, hope- which sounds like a committee proc- the President’s hands. Efforts such as fully, agree to govern as we should, I ess—doesn’t guarantee that a snapback the letter sent by 47 Members of this believe we will ultimately pass legisla- will take place or that it will be done body and other efforts to derail nego- tion without destroying what Senator in a timely fashion. Ultimately, snap- tiations only serve to confound and CORKER and I carefully crafted and was back, in and of itself, is a challenge be- weaken our position. Politics must passed unanimously out of the com- cause it doesn’t recognize the time it stop at the water’s edge. mittee. From the beginning, we fash- takes for sanctions actually to take ef- The Senate will have ample time to ioned language to ensure that Congress review any agreement and to approve fect. So even if you snap them back plays a critical role in judging any and say that we won’t have to go to the or reject any agreement. But our de- final agreement. I want to also recog- bate is within these halls. It is with law again to have them take place, to nize Senator KAINE, who had signifi- have them take effect and to pursue each other and with our fellow Sen- cant input as we were devising the bill, ators and with our President. The Aya- enforcement, we have learned that it for his support. takes time, and time is something that tollah has no place in that debate. The The bill we crafted was intended to is ultimately not on our side. Congress should give the President the ensure that if the P5+1 and Iran ulti- room he needs to negotiate. This is a I am concerned about the Inter- mately achieved a comprehensive national Atomic Energy Administra- world of imperfect choices. And if ne- agreement by the June deadline, Con- gotiations fail, make no mistake, our tion’s inability to obtain at any time gress would have a say in judging that and place snap inspections. We have al- options are limited and likely costly. agreement. A core element of the We are dealing with an unstable re- ready heard the Iranians say they are framework agreement that is the foun- gion. Use of force or regime change has balking at that. They are also balking dation of the negotiations leading into unforeseen consequences. That path about the possibility that the IAEA be- June is about sanctions relief as a core may seem simple. It is not. Both recent lieves that such a location might be on point, at least from the Iranian per- history in Iraq and the history of our a military installation. They are say- interactions with Iran in the 20th cen- spective. The sanctions relief that the ing: Oh, no, we are not going to allow tury surely have taught us that much. administration is proposing is at the any of our military installations to be Senators CORKER and CARDIN have heart of these negotiations from their inspected. That is a surefire way to given us a solid bill, one that is in the perspective. For us, it is about their guarantee that if you want ultimately best tradition of the Senate and in the nuclear infrastructure and their drive to violate a deal, then do it at a mili- best interest of our country. I com- for a nuclear weapon. Why are they tary site where you are not allowing mend them for this, and I urge my col- seated in negotiations in the first inspections to take place. leagues to support the bill. place? As the administration itself rec- I am concerned that I hear the ad- I yield the floor. ognized, it is because of the sanctions. ministration is trying to differentiate The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Well, the sanctions were crafted by between the Iranian Revolutionary ator from New Jersey. Congress and enacted by Congress, and Guard and the Quds Force to provide Mr. MENENDEZ. Madam President, I we should be the ones to make a deter- greater sanctions relief. Both, as far as rise to speak on the Corker-Menendez mination as to whether or not it is ap- I am concerned, are terrorist groups. Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act. propriate to relieve those sanctions. As far as I am concerned, they are As I have said from the start, biparti- I have to say, as one of the authors of clearly covered by U.S. law. So trying sanship on this legislation has always those sanctions, I never envisioned a to get the Treasury Department to dif- been the key to making sure that Con- wholesale waiver of sanctions against ferentiate is really problematic and gress has the ability to review any Iran without congressional input and concerning. agreement with Iran—a nation that we without congressional action. The mes- I am deeply disturbed that the agree- cannot trust. It is critically important sage I believe we can send to Iran—and ment does not speak to the long-estab- that bipartisanship is preserved. I hope we will do it powerfully—is that lished condition that Iran must come

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:43 May 07, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.018 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2717 completely clean on the question of panel is true, how can we trust Iran to there are for terrorist groups to gain their possible weaponization of their end its nuclear weapons ambitions and acquisition of a weapon. Certainly, the nuclear program. We need to know how not be a threat to its neighbors when, possibility of Iran possessing a nuclear far along Iran has progressed in their even as we are negotiating with them, weapon poses special security concerns. weaponization so that we can under- they are trying to acquire illicitly ma- The Middle East is being torn asunder stand those consequences as it relates terials for their nuclear weapons pro- by longstanding conflicts and chal- to other breakout time issues. gram in the midst of the negotiations? lenges. If Iran acquires a nuclear weap- Above all, I am concerned that when Forgetting about everything they are on, then other nations like Saudi Ara- you read about the framework agree- doing in Yemen and Syria, forgetting bia are likely to also seek to secure a ment, while it does talk about some- about their hostility to ships in the nuclear weapon. thing in longer timeframes, the core Strait of Hormuz, forgetting about Moreover, in the fervent rivalry be- question as to when Iran could advance their actions of terrorism, this is tween Shia Islam and Sunni Islam, its nuclear program in a way they want square-on trying to ultimately use which brings powers into bloody and to—and which I think is problematic— front companies to get materials for extensive conflict from Syria, to is that the expiration is 10 years. Does their nuclear program. So we cannot Yemen, to Iraq, there are abundant that mean we are ultimately destined build this on trust alone. I know the scenarios that could generate potential to have Iran as a nuclear weapons administration says we are not going use of a nuclear weapon, either through State after that period of time? That to trust them, we are going to verify, misunderstandings or misguided per- cannot be and should not be the ulti- but it goes beyond that. ceptions of military advantage. None of mate result. It can’t be a fleeting hope that Iran us will ever forget that the Govern- I state all of those concerns to say to will comply with the provisions and ment of Iran has put forth a steady my colleagues that, even though I pas- change their stripes. I believe they will stream of invectives against our close sionately believe this legislation is not. It cannot be built from the aspira- ally Israel calling for her destruction. critical for us, it is not that I don’t tions or good intentions, like the North Iran’s possession of a nuclear weapon have concerns. This legislation is the Korea deal, not when Iran continues to would pose a very real threat to the ex- vehicle by which we can judge. Now, sponsor terrorism, not while it asserts istence of the State of Israel. For all of maybe these issues will be resolved in a its interests from Yemen to Bahrain, these reasons, Americans are united. negotiation. I don’t know. Ultimately, from Iraq to Lebanon, not as events in Our 100 Senators are united in believ- without this vehicle we have no final Syria continue to worsen. ing it is imperative that Iran does not say on an agreement, and we have no I just had the U.N. relief coordinator secure a nuclear weapon, but the ques- oversight role with established param- in on Syria. This is a human tragedy of tion we must debate and resolve is, eters for compliance. unimaginable proportions. We have be- Which strategy is most effective to I am concerned that the sanctions re- come almost desensitized. We do not achieve this outcome? There are three lief comes without what appears to be hear about it on the Senate floor any- basic options: a negotiated dismantle- a broader Iran policy, in terms of how more. It is all supported, encouraged, ment of Iran’s nuclear weapons pro- and financed by Tehran, and not while we contain its acts of terrorism. It gram with an intrusive inspection and Iran ’s fingerprints remain in the dust clearly is the largest State sponsor of verification regime to ensure Iran is of the bombings of Israel’s Embassy terrorism. We see its hegemonic inter- keeping its word; second, a reliance on and Jewish community center in Ar- ests. We see it as a major patron of indefinite extension of tough multi- gentina, even as it seeks to bargain Assad in Syria, what is happening in national economic sanctions in hopes with that country’s leaders for absolu- Yemen, what is happening in different that will continue to dissuade Iran tion. parts of the region. I am concerned That is the Iran we are dealing with. from pursuing a nuclear weapons pro- about its missile technology. So there That is the state we are being asked to gram; third, a military option designed are a lot of elements here of concern at hope will change. Well, hope is not a to destroy critical components of the end of the day. national security solution when it Iran’s nuclear weapons infrastructure. I would say to my colleagues who feel comes to dealing with Iran. Congress Of these options, for reasons I will ex- passionately about some of these having a say on any final agreement is plain in due course, the first is the far amendments they have offered, this critical to how we deal with Iran. So I superior option. To understand this set isn’t the only bill in which we could urge my colleagues to have a strong of possibilities, however, we have to consider these issues. I stand ready to vote on cloture and I hope, after that, understand the current situation. The work with colleagues immediately on a unanimous vote on passage. United States has imposed sanctions pursuing other concerns, such as mis- I yield the floor. against Iran since 1979. sile technology, terrorism, their The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Many of the sanctions Iran faced in human rights violations, their anti- SASSE). The Senator from Oregon. that time from 2008 were unilateral. Semitism, and the Americans who are Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, I rise These sanctions, however, were largely being held hostage; and to look at ei- to address legislation before us, the ineffective. Iran’s trade with the ther sanctions or enhanced sanctions Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of United States was diminished, but that may already exist on those ele- 2015, which sets up a deliberate process sanctions had little overall effect be- ments that we should be considering for congressional review of a final nu- cause Iran was able to continue trading and which are separate and apart from clear agreement with Iran. The United through other nations. the nuclear program. I would be more States, our citizens, our President, and President Obama, coming into office than willing to work with my col- probably every Member of the Senate in 2009, saw this clearly. He recognized leagues to deal with all of those issues. and House stand united in our commit- the importance of enforcing existing I will say that even as we have ment to prevent Iran from securing a U.N. resolutions, passing stronger ones, worked to give the administration the nuclear weapon. and convincing our allies to go beyond space to negotiate and believe very Nuclear proliferation is a huge dan- those resolutions and truly tighten the passionately in this legislation, it ger to human civilization on our plan- web of restrictions on Iran’s trade and bothers me enormously that just last et. The more nations that possess nu- finances. The result was coordinated week Reuters reported that Great Brit- clear weapons, the more opportunities with the P5+1—France, United King- ain informed the United Nations sanc- there are for misunderstandings be- dom, Germany, United States, Russia, tions panel on April 20 of an active Ira- tween nations to trigger first use of a and China. nian nuclear procurement network, ap- nuclear weapon. The more nations that These multilateral sanctions have parently linked to two blacklisted possess nuclear weapons, the more op- come about in several phases. In 2010, firms, Iran’s Centrifuge Technology portunities there are for failures in Congress enacted a series of sanctions Company, called TESA, and Kalay command and control to result in the targeting Iran’s banking and oil sec- Electric Company, KEC. unintended use of a weapon. tors. In 2011, section 1245 of the Na- If what Great Britain brought before The more nations that possess nu- tional Defense Authorization Act for the U.N. Security Council sanctions clear weapons, the more opportunities Fiscal Year 2012 was passed. In 2012, we

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:43 May 07, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.019 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S2718 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 7, 2015 passed the Iran Threat Reduction Act These conditions, in effect as I speak under the addition protocol, resulting and Syria Human Rights Act. In 2013, on the floor of the Senate, have not in certain limitations on enrichment we passed the Iran Freedom and only frozen Iran’s nuclear program dur- capacity. Counter-Proliferation Act. Those sanc- ing the negotiations, they have also Let’s turn to the third pathway. That tions—the American sanctions—and given the P5+1 coalition members enor- is the possibility of plutonium secured the multilateral sanctions have had an mously improved understanding of from nuclear fuel used at this heavy enormous impact on the economy of Iran’s nuclear program. That under- water reactor. To block this pathway Iran. standing of Iran’s program has in- to a nuclear bomb, Iran would agree to Their crude oil exports fell from creased the ability of the P5+1 to shape ship all of its spent fuel out of the around 2.5 million barrels per day in a framework for a final agreement de- country and to not build a reprocessing 2011 to about 1.1 million barrels per day signed to block all the possible path- facility for such nuclear fuel. at the end of 2013. Trade between Eu- ways to a nuclear weapon. Iran would redesign and rebuild its rope and Iran plunged. It plunged from There are four Iranian pathways to a heavy water reactor in Arak based on a almost $32 billion in 2005 to about $9 bomb. One pathway is to utilize fissile design that is agreed to by the P5+1. billion today. Iran’s economy has material from the Fordow underground The original core of that reactor, taken a huge hit. Iran’s current Presi- uranium enrichment facility. This is which would enable the production of dent was elected on a platform of nego- the secret uranium facility—formerly significant quantities of weapons-grade tiating with the goal of alleviating the secret uranium facility—built deep un- plutonium, would be destroyed or re- enormous economic impact created by derground beneath a base of the Ira- moved from the country, and Iran the sanctions. nian Revolutionary Guard, massively would not build any additional heavy The sanctions have accomplished reinforced with concrete and steel to water reactors. their intended goal. They have brought enable it to withstand most bombing Finally, the framework provides Iran to the negotiating table in search assaults. major design—provides high confidence of an agreement based on a simple, The second pathway is to utilize that Iran is not employing covert oper- straightforward formulation. Iran will fissile uranium made in the Natanz un- ations to develop a bomb. This is the forgo a nuclear weapons program if the derground enrichment facility. The fourth pathway, the covert pathway. international coalition will, in return, third pathway is to utilize, at some fu- Under the agreement, the IAEA lift its devastatingly effective sanc- ture point, plutonium processed from would have regular access to all of tions. spent fuel at the Arak heavy water re- Iran’s nuclear facilities, including That is the background to the nego- actor. I say at some future point be- Natanz and Fordow. Inspectors would tiations underway today between Iran cause this reactor is still under con- have access to the supply chains, start- and the P5+1. But when these negotia- struction. The fourth pathway is to ing with the uranium mines, the ura- tions got into full motion, they were utilize covert operations to acquire or nium milling. They would have contin- not just about talking, they agreed on to make sufficient fissile material for a uous surveillance at the uranium mills. a set of conditions to free and, to some bomb. They would have continuous surveil- degree, reverse elements of Iran’s do- On April 2, last month, Iran and the lance of Iran’s centrifuges. mestic nuclear program, not waiting P5+1 coalition announced a framework In addition, all of the centrifuges and until the conclusion of the negotia- for a joint comprehensive plan of ac- enrichment infrastructure removed tions but as a condition of the negotia- tion on Iran’s nuclear program in- from Fordow and Natanz would be tions. tended to address and block all four of placed under continuous monitoring by This Joint Plan of Action or JPA these pathways to a bomb. Now, as re- the IAEA. that Iran and the P5+1 agreed to has a ported by the State Department, I am Iran and the P5+1 would establish a substantial number of elements. I will going to review a few of those details of dedicated procurement channel for mention a few. First, Iran has to re- this framework. These are essentially Iran’s nuclear program to monitor and frain from any further advances of its the bones of the agreement that have approve the supply, sale, or transfer to activities at three critical nuclear fa- to be fleshed out in the weeks to fol- Iran of certain nuclear-related and cilities: at the Fordow underground low. dual-use materials and technology. uranium enrichment facility, at the Let’s talk first about the Fordow, Iran would be required to grant the Natanz underground commercial scale this deep underground, massively rein- IAEA access to investigate suspicious uranium enrichment facility, and fur- forced, formerly secret uranium en- sites or allegations of a covert enrich- ther activity at the Arak heavy water richment facility. Iran would repurpose ment facility, conversion facility, cen- reactor that could—that reactor could, Fordow for peaceful nuclear research. trifuge production facility, or when completed, produce plutonium Iran would not retain any fissile mate- yellowcake production facility any- that could be utilized in a bomb. rial at this installation. They would where in the country. Second, Iran, in this Joint Plan of not enrich uranium at this facility. Iran would implement an agreed set Action, has agreed to provide the Inter- Iran would remove approximately two- of measures to address IAEA’s concerns national Atomic Energy Agency, or thirds of the centrifuges. The remain- regarding the possible military dimen- IAEA, with additional information ing centrifuges and related infrastruc- sions of its program. about its nuclear programs, as well as ture would be placed under IAEA moni- Many of the framework elements I access to sensitive nuclear-related fa- toring. have just described are to last 10 years. cilities, to which Iran’s IAEA safe- Let’s turn to Natanz. Here are a few Some have a lifetime of 15, 20, or 25 guards agreement does not require ac- of the restrictions to the second path- years under this initial framework. So cess. way—second possible pathway for an this framework, as many have pointed Third, and again as a condition of the Iranian nuclear weapon. Iran would re- out, does not lock into place all of negotiations, Iran agreed not to move the 1,000 IR–2M centrifuges cur- these elements for an eternity. But by produce 20 percent enriched uranium. rently installed at Natanz and place building a deep cooperation, consulta- That is a form of uranium—uranium them under IAEA monitoring for 10 tion, and coordination over a 10-year hexafluoride or enriched uranium—in years. Iran would engage in limited re- period, we create the best possible Iran’s stockpile that has caused the search and development with some of chance of forging a long-term enduring most concern. Fourth, Iran has agreed its advanced centrifuges according to a agreement that will preclude the pro- to fully eliminate its existing stockpile schedule and parameters agreed to by liferation of nuclear weapons in the of 20 percent enriched uranium by di- the P5+1. Middle East. luting half of that stockpile to ura- Iran would use only its less-efficient The challenge now is to take this nium hexafluoride, containing no more first-generation centrifuges to enrich framework as articulated by the State than 5 percent of uranium 235, and con- uranium at Natanz, a process that Department and generate detailed verting the rest of the material to a would be closely monitored. Beyond 10 agreement language. That will not be uranium compound unsuitable for fur- years, Iran would abide by its enrich- an easy task. Already, you can tell the ther enrichment. ment R&D plan submitted to the IAEA complexities from just the elements I

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:43 May 07, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.020 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2719 have mentioned on each of these four limited strikes using bunker buster it is their top national priority to ac- pathways. bombs. Thus, they argue, the United quire nuclear weapons no matter the Earlier, I noted that while Senators States could easily break key links in cost so that neither the United States are united in believing we must pre- a nuclear fuel cycle and set Iran’s pro- nor any other nation would dare to at- vent Iran from acquiring a nuclear gram back by 3 to 5 years. tack Iran in such a fashion again. bomb, there is disagreement over the This simplistic analysis is way off So if the United States chooses a best strategy. I have laid out the main the mark. Military experts paint a very military option, it is most likely com- elements of the negotiated strategy, different picture. I encourage all of my mitting to a cycle of war as Iran re- but in addition to the negotiated colleagues to read the analysis pre- builds a nuclear program in the future verified dismantling of Iran’s nuclear pared by the Center For Strategic and with more steel, more concrete, and program, there are two other options International Studies entitled ‘‘Ana- more depth underground. that are widely discussed. lyzing the Impact of Preventive So let’s return to the three options One option that has been articulated Strikes against Iran’s Nuclear Facili- before us. by Members of this Chamber and oth- ties,’’ revised September 10, 2012. This A negotiated and verifiable agree- ers would be simply to end negotia- analysis recognizes that a competent ment for Iran to dismantle its nuclear tions and try to continue with an in- campaign would involve many com- program promises the possibility of tensified, multilateral sanctions re- plicated offensive and defensive ele- achieving our core security objectives gime. It is important to note, however, ments. Here are a few of them: an ex- without a massive cost in terms of that if you end negotiations, it means tensive strategy to diminish Iranian lives, injuries, and treasure. It address- an end to the measures that are cur- anti-aircraft radars, missiles, and bat- es uranium, plutonium, and covert rently in place, measures in place teries; an extensive strategy to destroy pathways to a bomb. today as I speak on this Senate floor. Iran’s ballistic missiles and other Compare this to the second option: It would mean an end to the freeze on weapons Iran could use in a retaliatory ending negotiations and resuming the construction of the Arak reactor; an strike; an extensive strategy for the di- toughest possible sanctions. Under this end to the negotiated elimination of rect assault on Iran’s nuclear facilities; option, there is a substantial possi- stockpiles or the modification of the extensive refueling and supply logis- bility that the multilateral coalition 20-percent enriched uranium; an end to tics; a rigorous strategy to prevent will fracture, ending multilateral sanc- the inspections of Iran’s nuclear facili- Iran from shutting down the Strait of tions, with the additional disadvantage ties and infrastructure, which has en- Hormuz; extensive strategies to protect that all the uranium nuclear programs abled us to learn so much about their neighboring Gulf States and Israel that are frozen or diminished under the activities. from retaliatory fights; and a huge ef- current negotiating process will be free Moreover, without any interim fort to defend against asymmetrical at- to operate again. agreement on inspections, Iran could tacks on American assets throughout Let’s turn to the third option. The decide to vastly expand its nuclear pro- the world. third option will be extraordinarily ex- gram—an outcome that is in direct That is just a modest list of the com- pensive in blood and treasure. It could contradiction of the security interests plexities of the military option. I again generate a cycle of warfare that would of the United States and our allies. encourage folks to read the analyses by diminish rather than enhance the secu- Furthermore, there is no guarantee serious military analysts. Hopefully rity of the United States and our allies. that if the United States ends negotia- you get the picture. There is nothing This is an option that could motivate tions, multilateral sanctions would quick, nothing easy about a military Iran and other nations not to give up survive. If our partners in the P5+1 be- option. their nuclear programs but to redouble lieve the United States has delib- Moreover, retaliatory threats to the their efforts to secure a nuclear weap- erately undermined the success of the United States and our allies might on. negotiations, the partners may very come from sources other than Iran. At- So the single-best option, if achiev- well be unwilling to maintain and en- tacks by Shia groups or a nation sym- able, is a negotiated, verifiable agree- force a strong, multilateral sanctions pathetic to Iran are a possibility. ment for Iran to dismantle its nuclear regime. And that is not just specula- One thing is clear: The course of war program. Thus, we in Congress, we in tion. Representatives from Britain, is messy and unpredictable. What we the Senate Chamber, should do every- France, and Germany have conveyed can be sure of is that in the chaos and thing possible to increase the likeli- strong concerns that to undermine the complexity of war, there will be signifi- hood of this option succeeding. negotiations to withdraw could frac- cant detrimental developments. We One valuable role of this Chamber ture the international coalition that know this because it is true of vir- and of the House is to articulate the has made the sanctions effective. tually every war ever fought. need to have key elements of an agree- Where are we, then? Without effec- Our recent history provides more ment well designed. My colleague from tive multilateral sanctions, Iran would than enough evidence that, once un- New Jersey was raising a series of have achieved its top negotiating ob- leashed, a military option that looks questions. These are the types of ques- jectives. Its economy would improve, simple in the beginning can be very dif- tions the State Department negotia- and the pressure to make concessions ficult to control and very costly. tions will be paying close attention to on nuclear activities and international Ask yourself this question: Which so that when an agreement is delivered monitoring would evaporate. American leaders thought that our ef- for our consideration, there will be In short, pursuing aggressive sanc- forts to eliminate terrorist training strong answers. tions as an alternative to negotiations camps in Afghanistan and destabilize We need ironclad assurances about could have disastrous consequences, that nation’s government would lead to the dismantlement, storage, and con- with our major objectives undermined, a 14-year occupation, thousands of trol of key materials and equipment; Iran’s economy improved, and Iran’s deaths, a huge number of life-debili- rigorous and enforceable boundaries on nuclear program unleashed—an out- tating injuries, and the loss of vast na- any ‘‘research’’ nuclear program; ex- come that would further degrade inter- tional treasure exceeding $1 trillion? tensive and effective inspection proto- national security. Ask yourself this question: Which cols; and strong snapback provisions in The third option discussed in this American leaders thought that attack- the event Iran breaks its obligation. Chamber is to destroy Iran’s nuclear ing Iraq to eliminate phantom weapons We need an orderly process in which infrastructure through military force. of mass destruction would shatter that to conduct this assessment of an agree- Advocates for the use of force point nation, strengthen Iran, and unleash ment to confirm that it meets these to Israel’s 1981 attack on Saddam Hus- ISIS? standards. Such a coherent congres- sein’s Osirak reactor in Iraq and In addition, the military option has a sional process has several advantages. Israel’s 2007 destruction of a Syrian re- substantial risk of increasing rather First, it strengthens our President’s actor. Advocates for this military op- than decreasing Iran’s determination hand in negotiation. The President and tion paint a picture in which a small to acquire a nuclear weapon. Iranian his team must strive to get all key ele- group of American bombers conduct leaders, after attack, might well decide ments nailed down, knowing they will

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:31 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.023 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S2720 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 7, 2015 be reviewed by a sometimes skeptical Thank you, Mr. President. day it helps restrict the proliferation Congress. Second, such a review Mr. SULLIVAN. Mr. President, I ask of nuclear-capable missiles and related strengthens the agreement as an en- unanimous consent to enter into a col- technology. during framework that will provide the loquy with the Senator from Ten- In 2013, the United States and Russia transition to the next Presidency. This nessee. came together and disarmed Syria of can contribute confidence that phased The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without its most lethal chemical weapons. implementation will be honored by objection, it is so ordered. Like a potential deal with Iran on its both sides and help generate the mo- COMMITTEE EXAMINATION OF ISSUES IN THEIR nuclear program, these examples are mentum necessary to hammer out the JURISDICTION not treaties and did not require formal final agreement. Mr. SULLIVAN. I rise today to speak ratification by the Senate. Thus, I support the bill reported out about the importance of additional That said, I don’t believe there has in the Foreign Relations Committee congressional consideration during the been an agreement in recent memory unanimously on April 14 and currently congressional review period of a final that has been as difficult or as com- under debate before the Senate. This negotiated nuclear agreement. The in- plicated as the P5+1 negotiations. bill gives Congress the right to review volvement of other committees in ex- Perhaps more than any other single the agreement and classified and un- amining the issues in their jurisdiction subject in the 22 years I have been in classified versions of a verification re- will be important. I think my distin- the Senate, there has never been more port Secretary Kerry must provide to guished colleague would agree with me secure briefings—both for the leader- ship of national security committees Congress. It gives Congress the right to that extended committee consideration and the entire Senate—as we have re- disapprove of the agreement. It re- means more American voices in the ceived on the negotiations with Iran. quires the President to provide impor- process, and an agreement of this sig- This constant engagement with Con- tant information to Congress, includ- nificance—and the resulting implica- gress has created an opportunity for us ing evidence of material breaches of tions of possible violations—call for to get involved in a constructive man- the agreement, of Iran’s involvement supplemental review. Senator CORKER ner. in acts of terrorism, Iran’s violation of has reaffirmed the benefits of this The elected representatives of this human rights, and advances in Iran’s process and so I thank him for his sup- country should have an opportunity to ballistic missile capabilities. port. weigh-in on and review this agreement. In addition, the President must cer- I appreciate the leadership of my col- Several bills have been offered by the tify that Iran has not materially league and look forward to working Banking Committee and the Foreign breached the agreement or, if they with him to further advance construc- Relations Committee, but I believe the breached, they have cured that breach; tive, deliberative consideration of an bill that was negotiated by Senators that Iran has not taken any action agreement that has multilateral ef- CORKER and CARDIN is an appropriate that would advance its nuclear weap- fects on the security of our nation and mechanism for Congress to review any ons program; that the suspension of its people. agreement with Iran. sanctions is both appropriate and pro- Mr. CORKER. I agree with my col- What this legislation is about is an portionate to Iran’s efforts under the league, the Senator from Alaska, that agreement preventing Iran from devel- agreement and vital to the national se- other committees should consider the oping a nuclear weapon. Nothing else. curity interests of the United States; relevant issues in their jurisdiction. To put other issues on this bill jeopard- and that the agreement does not com- The Senate Foreign Relations Com- izes the agreement taking shape be- promise in any way our enduring com- mittee will, of course, consider any res- tween the United States, Russia, Ger- mitment to Israel’s security. olution of approval or disapproval, but many, China, France, and the U.K. And Congress shaped the sanctions regime the involvement of other committees that is because the only thing dis- that put the pressure on Iran and in the hearing process will certainly cussed in the negotiation has been a forced them to the negotiating table. It assist the full Senate as it debates this nuclear agreement. is logical, therefore, that Congress issue. Rather than adding extra issues, we should be involved in making sure the Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I should be evaluating the final agree- results of these negotiations fully serve rise today to speak about the Iran Nu- ment as it comes together over the the security interests of our Nation clear Agreement Review Act. coming months. and our allies. What we must not do, I intend to vote for this bill because The bottom line is that this bill—as however, is turn this bill, this struc- it provides appropriate congressional currently written—does not interfere ture, or appropriate and valuable con- review of a tremendously important ex- with the ongoing negotiations. Adding gressional review into an instrument ecutive agreement that is now being extra issues at this time, no matter designed to undermine or poison the negotiated by the world’s major powers how important they may be, could de- success of the negotiations in order to and Iran. rail diplomacy. As such, I will oppose pave the path for war. First of all, I want to point out that them. I will oppose the adoption of any poi- a final agreement with Iran would not If a final agreement is reached, the son pill amendment designed to under- be a treaty. It would be an executive bill requires Congress to review it mine the viability of the negotiations. agreement which follows agreements in within 30 days. If Members wish to pre- What is at stake is much bigger than the past going back at least until 1972. vent implementation of the agreement, the ordinary day-to-day politics of this In 1972, President Nixon signed the the bill requires two-thirds of the Sen- Chamber. The content of any final Shanghai Communique, which reestab- ate to vote in favor of a resolution of agreement with Iran is of profound sig- lished relations with China. disapproval. The bill’s requirement of nificance to the national security of In 1975, the Ford administration an overwhelming majority to dis- the United States, the national secu- signed the Helsinki Final Act, which approve provides significant deference rity of our allies, and to international eased tensions between the United to the President, which is entirely ap- peace and stability. States and the Soviet Union during the propriate. If an overwhelming majority I urge my colleagues to carry the Cold War. of the Congress stands in opposition to weight of this responsibility, of this In 1986, at Reykjavik, Iceland, Presi- an agreement, there is a high likeli- topic, of this process, this concern over dent Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev hood that the agreement will not work nuclear proliferation—and particu- discussed the possibility of complete regardless of passage, since Congress larly, proliferation that could put a nu- nuclear disarmament. Even though no would likely not vote to lift sanc- clear weapon in the hands of Iran—and agreement was made, Reykjavik laid tions—something that has to be to keep our eyes on the prize. the groundwork for the 1987 Inter- factored in to any long-term agree- I urge my colleagues to work to- mediate Nuclear Forces Treaty and the ment. gether in partnership with our Presi- 1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. I would like to speak briefly on the dent to develop and implement a The next year, in 1987, the Reagan ad- framework agreement announced on tough, verifiable end to Iran’s quest for ministration established the Missile April 2, 2015. In my view it is strong nuclear weapons. Technology Control Regime. To this and deserves to be supported.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:31 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.024 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2721 For me, the technical assessment of breakout using covert facilities. For legislation and to make clear the col- Energy Secretary Moniz is critical. instance, if uranium cannot be ac- lective understanding of the Senate in Secretary Moniz is an extremely dis- counted for or if centrifuges go miss- acting on this bill. tinguished nuclear physicist and a man ing, the onus will be on Iran to explain First, we should be clear that the bill I deeply respect. According to Sec- what happened. If it cannot do so, sanc- as it stands would prohibit, during the retary Moniz, the framework blocks tions can—and will—be reimposed. Iran review period, any sanctions relief that Iran’s four possible pathways to a nu- will also be required to implement the goes beyond the JPOA or any materi- clear weapon. Those are the plutonium Additional Protocol and Modified Code ally identical extension, including but pathway through the Arak heavy water 3.1, which forever increase Iran’s obli- not limited to any increase in the reactor, the uranium pathway through gations to provide access to all of its amount of hard currency or other as- the Natanz facility, the uranium path- nuclear sites anywhere in the country. sets that Iran has access to under the way through the Fordow facility, and The combination of strict limits on JPOA. the covert pathway, where Iran en- Iran’s nuclear program and highly in- That is, during the review period, the riches nuclear material for a weapon in trusive inspections will extend Iran’s amount of relief available under the secret. breakout time—that is the time it JPOA could still be offered, if an exten- When each of these pathways is ex- would need to develop enough nuclear sion was agreed to in the timeframe plained in detail, the strength of the material for one nuclear weapon—from provided for in the bill, but no addi- framework is apparent. the estimated 2 to 3 months today to a tional amounts could be provided. First, the agreement requires Iran to year. Second, the term ‘‘statutory sanc- redesign the Arak heavy water reactor, Under the framework, the inter- tions’’ as used in the legislation means making it impossible to produce weap- national community will know if Iran sanctions that Congress has imposed or ons-grade plutonium. Iran will be re- attempts to skirt its obligations and specifically authorized with respect to quired to ship the reactor’s spent fuel will have sufficient time to respond. Iran, including but not limited to all of abroad for the life of the reactor; pro- If the P5+1 nations and Iran reach a the sanctions imposed with respect to hibited from building another heavy final accord that reflects the frame- Iran under the Iran Sanctions Act, the water reactor, and indefinitely barred work agreement, Iran will be blocked Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Ac- from researching the critical tech- from developing a nuclear weapon. countability, and Divestment Act of nologies needed to build a plutonium In addition to this important goal, an 2010, the National Defense Authoriza- weapon. Under the framework, Iran agreement could possibly reopen Iran tion Act for Fiscal Year 2012, the Iran will be prevented from developing a to the world. It could provide Iran an Threat Reduction and Syria Human plutonium bomb forever. opportunity to decrease its desta- Rights Act, and the National Defense Second, with regard to the Fordow bilizing activities in the region. A deal Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013. facility, Iran will not be able to store could potentially lead Iran to drop its That is, the term statutory sanctions nuclear material or conduct any en- financial and military support for as used in the bill, means all of the richment-related research and develop- Hezbollah and other proxies. Perhaps sanctions contained in these statutes ment at the site. Only 1,000 of Iran’s more importantly, the nuclear deal and other Iran-related sanctions that least efficient centrifuges will remain could open the door to soliciting the Congress has imposed. in the facility, about a third of what it help of Iran and Russia on an intrac- Finally, as discussed during the com- has today. And they will not be used to table and to date unsolvable issue: end- mittee markup, we all agree that the enrich uranium. The facility, set deep ing the Syrian civil war. period for review only begins when all in a mountainside, will become a nu- The regime, backed by Iran, of the documents required to be sub- clear medical research center, not a Bashar al-Assad has killed more than mitted along with the agreement itself proliferation risk. 200,000 of its own people and continues and all of the annexes and other mate- Third, with regard to Natanz, Iran to commit war crimes with chemical rials that are covered by the definition will operate no more than 5,060 of its weapons. Besides the sheer magnitude of agreement in the bill have been sub- first-generation centrifuges, and it will of the death toll, the manner in which mitted to Congress. enrich uranium far short of weapons Assad has killed so many—through the That is, the period for review under grade. As Secretary Moniz has said, not continued use of chemical weapons, our bill only begins to run when all of only are the 5,060 centrifuges a stark barrel bombs, and even starvation—is the documents that make up the agree- decrease from their current inventory abhorrent. ment and have to be submitted with it of nearly 20,000, but they are Iran’s old- Further engagement with Iran could are submitted to Congress, as provided est and least capable model. Iran will also aid our efforts to rid Iraq and in the bill. place its more-advanced and more-ca- Syria of ISIL and its grotesque cam- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- pable second-generation centrifuges in paign of terror. ator from Tennessee. storage under IAEA seal and super- It is far from certain that Iran will Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I ask vision. Natanz will be the only location change its behavior, but it is far more unanimous consent that if cloture is where Iran is permitted to enrich ura- likely with a nuclear deal than with- invoked on the Corker substitute nium, and solely for peaceful purposes. out. Without an agreement, the likeli- amendment No. 1140, that a point of Further, Iran will not be able to hood of a major military confrontation order against all of the pending non- stockpile much of the material it can in the Middle East—as well as more germane amendments be in order and enrich at Natanz. Iran will only retain chaos and instability—increases dra- be considered to have been made; that 300 kilograms of uranium gas enriched matically. This is to no one’s benefit. the Corker amendment No. 1179 be to 3.67 percent. That is a fraction of the Without an agreement, Iran’s nuclear withdrawn; that the Senate consider nearly 10,000 kilograms of near-5 per- program would be unconstrained, di- and agree to the Corker-Cardin tech- cent enriched uranium it has today. rectly jeopardizing the security of our nical amendment No. 1219; that the Finally, the framework agreement partners and allies in the region, in- Corker substitute amendment No. 1140, blocks Iran’s covert pathway to a nu- cluding Israel. as amended, be adopted, the cloture clear weapon. The framework requires Mr. President, I intend to vote for motion on H.R. 1191 be withdrawn, and unprecedented inspection of all of this bill so that a comprehensive agree- the bill, as amended, be read a third Iran’s nuclear facilities, including sus- ment with Iran will be strengthened by time and the Senate vote on passage of pect sites. congressional review. It is my hope H.R. 1191, as amended, with no inter- In addition, Secretary Moniz notes that this bill does not become a vehicle vening action or debate. that this access applies to ‘‘the full to scrap a verifiable agreement capable The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there uranium supply chain, from mines to of preventing Iran from developing a objection to the request? centrifuge manufacturing and oper- nuclear weapon. The coming months Without objection, it is so ordered. ation.’’ will bear that out. The Senator from Florida. Having eyes on Iran’s entire supply Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I just Mr. RUBIO. Mr. President, I wanted chain makes it impossible for Iran to want to clarify a few aspects of this to come to the floor to speak about the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:13 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.045 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S2722 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 7, 2015 risk Iran poses to the world as a result rockets because they understand that they chant ‘‘Death to America’’ and of the legislation before the Senate at is the second critical component of a ‘‘Death to Israel.’’ If there is one lesson this moment. nuclear weapons program. in history, it is that when a nation or A lot has been talked about in the The third thing is you have to be able leader repeatedly says that we are media over the last months—years, to get your hands on enriched uranium going to kill you, you should take that quite frankly—about the notion we are or reprocessed plutonium. No one in seriously. When the nation that says going to work out a deal with Iran that the world is going to import to them we are going to kill you is using its will prevent war. Sadly, I believe the weapons-grade uranium or plutonium, governmental money to sponsor ter- direction the deal is headed almost so they have decided to build the infra- rorism, you should take that even guarantees war at some point, cer- structure to do it themselves, and they more seriously. When the nation that tainly in our lifetime, but maybe be- do it the way North Korea did it. They is going out saying we are going to kill fore the end of the decade. do it the way other nations have done you and wipe you off the face of the Let me back up and first describe the it when they tried to hide their pro- Earth is reprocessing plutonium or en- issue at hand. The issue at hand is that grams. They do it by claiming they riching uranium, you have a right to be Iran, run by a radical Shia cleric—its have a peaceful nuclear program they extremely scared. government, I should say. Its people are trying to build. In essence, their ar- The world understood this 8 years perhaps don’t partake in this thought gument is we don’t want to build a ago, 10 years ago, so it imposed U.N. process, but its government whose head weapon. We are just trying to build a Security Council sanctions on Iran— and supreme decisionmaker is a radical nuclear reactor so we can provide elec- international sanctions. They were not Shia cleric has made two decisions: tricity. easy to put together. A lot of countries The first is they feel it is their obliga- That argument makes no sense for in Europe had companies in those tion to export their Islamic revolution two reasons: The first reason is this is countries that were dying to do busi- everywhere in the world, and of course an oil-rich country. They do not really ness in Iran. They didn’t want these it begins with the Middle East; two, need nuclear energy in order to provide sanctions, but they did it. They were they have decided they want to become cost-effective energy for their country, put in place. Then, about a year and a the hegemonic power in the region. and the other reason is it costs so half or two ago, the President decided They want to become the dominant na- much money to build the equipment to it was time to try to open up to Iran tion, the dominant movement in the enrich and reprocess, they could just and try to work out a deal with them. Middle East and in that entire region. buy it already reprocessed or enriched. Look, in normal circumstances, there So how do you achieve that? First, it They could bring it into the country is nothing wrong with that; right? Two requires you to drive the Americans the way South Korea does and the way countries that have a disagreement on out of the area, which is why we have other nations do. some issues can work things out. There So if it would be cheaper to bring seen them invest in all sorts of asym- is a place for diplomacy in the would. these things in by simply importing it, metrical capabilities, such as these The problem is the issue we have with as opposed to spending all this money small little swarm boats they some- Iran is not based on a grievance. They enriching and reprocessing it them- times use to harass U.S. naval vessels. are not mad we did something and so selves, why are they spending all this That is why we saw them just a week that is why they are acquiring a nu- money on the infrastructure? The an- ago basically hijack a commercial ves- clear weapon and if only we stopped swer is because, at some point in the sel in international waters. doing what it is that aggrieved them The second thing they do is they future, they know they are going to want a nuclear weapon. Now, perhaps they would go away. This is not a sponsor terrorism. They have all these they haven’t made the decision they grievance-based problem. This is an proxy groups in all these countries in need it today, next week or next year, ideological problem. the region doing their bidding. That is If you read the founding documents but they certainly, at a minimum, also asymmetrical warfare—asymmet- of the Islamic Republic, it doesn’t de- want to have the option to be a thresh- rical meaning it is not frontal. It is scribe the Supreme Leader as the lead- old nuclear power. using some nontraditional method to I believe, knowing everything we er of Iran. Iran happens to be the coun- expand or to show their power. They know about them—both open source try from which they operate. It de- use groups such as Hezbollah or the and classified—that whether they have scribes him as the Supreme Leader of Houthis they are now involved with in decided to build a nuclear weapon or all Muslims in the world. That is why Yemen and other parts of the world. not, they will decide to build a nuclear they believe it is their mandate, it is The threat is, if you attack Iran, weapon because it provides for them their calling to export their revolution these terrorist groups will attack you. the sort of regime stability they crave. to every corner of the planet but begin- In fact, we have seen the hand of the The radical Shia cleric who heads ning in the Middle East, and the nu- Iranian Government in terrorist at- that country looks at North Korea and clear weapons capability would give tacks. For example, we saw an attempt he looks at Libya and he says: Libya is them leverage in carrying out the goal to assassinate the Ambassador of Saudi what happens when you don’t have a they have. In their mind, nothing Arabia here in Washington, DC. We nuclear capability. North Korea is would be more glorious than the de- know that in 1994 there was a bombing what happens when you do. Muammar struction of the Jewish State. in Buenos Aires linked to Iran. So they Qadhafi is dead and out of power, but So the President enters these nego- sponsor terrorism. North Korea is still run by that mad- tiations, and it has been a process of The third aspect of their desire to be- man. Why? Because he has a nuclear constant appeasement, moment after come the hegemonic regional power is weapon. You can’t invade him or touch moment. We went from saying no en- a nuclear weapon. What do you need to him because of what he will do in re- riching or reprocessing, to you can en- acquire a nuclear weapon? You need sponse. rich and reprocess at 5 percent, to you three things: The first thing you need I think they are guided by that prin- can enrich up to 20 percent for research is a bomb design. The truth is you can ciple. They are guided by the principle purposes. We went from saying no en- buy a bomb design. The second thing that they want to be the regional hege- richment ever to saying in 10 or 15 you need is a delivery system, an abil- monic power and nuclear weapons gives years all bets are off. ity to deliver the weapon whether it is them that role. They are guided by a There are still items in the negotia- on an airplane or on a missile. third equally sinister motivation; that tions that are not clear. The White That is why Iran is developing long- is, the open and repeatedly stated de- House put out a fact sheet, a piece of range rockets. They are expending a sire to destroy the State of Israel, to paper, and it said this is what we lot of money—despite all the sanctions wipe it of the face of the Earth. They agreed to. Iran put out a piece of paper on them, they are expending a lot of haven’t said this once in passing, the just like it except it sounded like a to- money to build these long-range rock- Supreme Leader of Iran has said this tally different deal. ets. That isn’t for some fancy fireworks on hundreds of occasions. For example, the U.S. fact sheet said show or to put a man on the Moon. In fact, every Friday in Iran, at gov- sanctions on Iran would not come off They are building these long-range ernment-sanctioned religious events, until Iran complied, but Iran’s fact

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:31 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.029 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2723 sheet said no, no, sanctions come off down—on approving the deal or not. It I yield the floor. immediately. Now, when you press the actually requires that the vote will The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- White House on it, they refuse to say have to happen, and there can’t be any ator from Florida. that, in fact, it will be phased in and procedural process to impede it, for the Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, my col- not immediate. most part. league from Florida knows the per- That is why I filed an amendment. So at the end of the day, while this sonal affection I have for him, and I Even though I thought the President’s bill does not contain the amendments— enjoy so much his friendship and work- deal as outlined in the fact sheet was we didn’t even get a vote on the ing with him on issues regarding Flor- not good enough, I filed an amendment amendments we wanted—it doesn’t ida. to at least hold them to that. The contain the different aspects I thought I think this is an example of how two amendment to this bill read very sim- would make it stronger, if left with the Senators from the same State can ply. It just said that whatever deal the choice we have now, I don’t think there come to different conclusions, appar- President crafts has to reflect the fact is any doubt we are in a better position ently not about this legislation—ad- sheet he provided the Senate, but we if this bill passes because, at a min- vancing it, because this Senator will in couldn’t get a vote on it. imum, it at least creates a process fact vote to move this legislation for- The other amendment I filed is that whereby the American people, through ward—but on the ultimate judgment any deal with Iran should be condi- their elected representatives, can de- that we have to make. tioned on Iran recognizing Israel’s bate an issue of extraordinary impor- Senator RUBIO has correctly stated, right to exist, and here is why that was tance. in my opinion, that Iran’s is a regime so important. That was important be- If I am troubled by anything, it is that is bent on aggression, that they cause this is not just about the nuclear that while this issue gets a lot of cov- cannot be trusted, that Israel is threat- program. The deal the President is try- erage, I am not sure the coverage accu- ened, and that we are basically the ing to sign is about removing sanc- rately reflects what a critical moment backstop protector of Israel. All of tions, meaning money is now going to this is. I said at the outset that I think those things are very true. flow back into the Iranian Govern- a bad deal almost guarantees war, and But the question is what is in the in- ment’s coffers. What are they going to here is why. Because the State of terest of the national security of the do with this money? Are they going to Israel—such an important ally to the United States—which, in most cases, build roads, hospitals, donate it to United States—is not thousands of always folds into what is in the inter- charity? No. Are they going to buy food miles away from Iran. Put yourself in est of the national security of Israel as and medicine for people hurting around their position for a moment. This small well—and the Senator and I come to the world, the hundreds of thousands country, with a small population, 9 different conclusions. who have been displaced by Assad, miles wide at its narrowest point—with First of all, we don’t know the final their puppet? No. They will use that a neighbor to the north that openly details. But we do know a framework money to sponsor terrorism, and the and repeatedly says it wants to destroy that was put out, and if that frame- prime target of the terrorism they them and is on the verge of acquiring a work is fleshed out, as is suggested, sponsor is the State of Israel. nuclear capability—feels like their with the details by June 30, then the We couldn’t get a vote on that very existence is being threatened. simple bottom line for this Senator is amendment either. Apparently, there Faced with that, Israel may very well if it prevents Iran from building a nu- are Senators terrified of voting against take military action on their own to clear weapon over at least a 10-year pe- that amendment, so they would rather protect themselves. I think a bad deal riod, with the sufficient safeguards, in- not have a vote at all. exponentially increases the likelihood trusions, inspections—unannounced, as So I am deeply disappointed by the of that happening. well—that prevent them from having a I also think we look at the other na- direction this debate has taken because nuclear weapon without our getting, tions of the region, because Iran is a I felt—and I understand this deal was conservatively, a year’s advanced no- Shia country—a Shia Persian coun- carefully crafted because I am on the tice and we know that is a guarantee try—but its Sunni Arab neighbors committee that passed it, but I also for a 10-year period—if not 15 and 20 aren’t big fans of the Shia branch of understand that every Member of the years—is that in the interest of the Islam. Senate has a right to be heard in this For example, Saudi Arabia, an in- United States? And this Senator has debate. Unfortunately, only a couple of credibly wealthy country, has already concluded that yes, it is. amendments were allowed to be voted said: Whatever Iran gets, we are going I hope the agreement comes out as on, with no one else having an oppor- to get. If Iran gets the right to enrich suggested by the framework. I will be tunity to get their amendments voted and reprocess, we will enrich and re- looking forward to examining that. on, amendments I thought would make process. If Iran builds a weapon, we And, as a result of our passing this leg- this bill much more meaningful. will build a weapon. And so it creates islation today, we will have a guar- Now we have reached this point the very real specter that we will have antee that we will vote on parts with where the majority leader has filed clo- an arms race—a nuclear arms race—in regard to the lifting of sanctions, and ture on the bill because it is time to the Middle East. We are talking about we will be able to weigh in on the spe- move on to these other issues, and I re- a region of the world that has been un- cifics. spect that. We now have to make a de- stable for 3,800 years. It is interesting how two Senators cision. The decision is not whether we The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- from the same State can come out with are going to pass the bill we want or ator’s time has expired. such different conclusions having nothing at all, the decision is are we Mr. RUBIO. I ask unanimous consent shared a lot of the similar information, better off as a country with this bill or for an additional 30 seconds to con- as this Senator has served on the Intel- with no bill. clude. ligence Committee for 6 years and Sen- If we don’t pass a bill, the Senate can The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there ator RUBIO is on the Intelligence Com- still weigh in on the Iranian deal, but objection? mittee as well. the Iranian deal kicks in immediately, Without objection, it is so ordered. It will be an interesting debate as we and unless and until the Senate acts, Mr. RUBIO. We are talking about a get into the details. the sanctions will be off. At least the region of the world that could have a I yield the floor. U.S. sanctions will be off. There is also nuclear arms race—one of the most un- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- no guarantee the White House will stable regions of the planet. ator from North Carolina. even show us the agreement if we don’t So I hope we are going to get a good Mr. TILLIS. Mr. President, it is in- pass a bill. deal. I am not hopeful that we will. But teresting that I am not a Senator from If we pass a bill, it delays the sanc- I think we are better off if we have this Florida but I am a Senator who was tions being lifted for a period of time. process in place. So I hope this bill born in Florida. It requires the White House to submit passes here today so that at least we With due respect to my friend, Sen- the deal to us so we can review it, and will have a chance to weigh in on an ator NELSON, there was something the ultimately it calls for a vote—up or issue of critical importance. Senator said that I had not thought to

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Now, we have action, but we could take the appro- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- heard that maybe it will only be 10 priate action, and we have the time to sent to speak for not more than 5 min- years or maybe a year from when we take the appropriate action. utes. find out about it. But make no mistake Congress would then have oversight The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there about it. If Iran is left alone, they are of the agreement. The administration objection? going to have the ability to deliver this would be required to report to us on a Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, I hate to sort of terror anywhere in the world. quarterly basis that Iran is in compli- object. There is only 10 minutes re- That is why I will be supporting the ance with the agreement. If there is a maining and all the time on the Repub- bill, and hopefully, we can defeat any material breach, there are expedited lican side has been used up. bad deal that comes from the adminis- procedures for us to be able to take ac- Would my colleague limit his re- tration. tion to reimpose and strengthen the marks perhaps to 3 minutes so I could The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- sanctions regime that is in place. have a little bit of time on our side? ator from Maryland. So it really gives us the opportunity Mr. TILLIS. Yes, Mr. President. Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, after 2 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without not only to have oversight on a poten- weeks on the floor, in a few moments objection, it is so ordered. tial agreement if one is reached but Mr. TILLIS. Mr. President, with the we will have a chance to advance the then to monitor to make sure that the limited time, first, I am concerned now Iran bill to passage and then vote on agreement is complied with. that we have gone away from President passage. I urge my colleagues to sup- But we go beyond that. I have heard after President saying that Iran could port the cloture motion and to support a lot of my colleagues talk about Iran never have a nuclear weapon, to the final passage. and what it is doing on its sponsoring words of: Well, Iran shouldn’t be able First, I thank Senator CORKER. Sen- of terrorism, what it is doing on human to have one at least for 10 years. Or, if ator CORKER has been an incredible rights violations, their ballistic missile they do get one before 10 years, we will partner, and the two of us have worked programs. We understand that. We re- know about it a year in advance. That in the best interests not only of the quire reports from the administration is a fundamental change in the direc- Senate but in the best interests of our as to their activities in each of these tion of negotiations with this hostile country. We recognize this Nation is areas. It is very clear, as the President regime. stronger when in foreign policy we are made in his summary of the April 2 That is the other thing in my limited united and speak with one voice. That framework, that nothing in this agree- time that I wish to point out. I think is exactly what we were able to do in ment affects the other sanctions that those of us who are voting for this bill the Senate Foreign Relations Com- are imposed against Iran because of today are voting in large part because mittee by a vote of 19 to 0. ballistic missiles, because of terrorism of a distrust we have for the Supreme This is an extremely controversial or because of human rights issues. Leader and the regime in Iran. This is area. We understand that. But we So I think we have found the right not about the Iranian people. There are reached a position where we could get balance. tens of millions of Iranians that I be- a 19-to-0 vote in the committee. We Lastly, let me say we have also made lieve are concerned with this deal as were able to bring that forward and it very clear in this agreement that the well. They are concerned that this is were able to get the administration to security of Israel is critically impor- going to enable the Iranian govern- work with us on this. So the bill will be tant, and we have spelled that out in ment to continue to fund terror signed by the President of the United our legislation. throughout the world through the Iran States. So for all those reasons, I think the terror network. They are funding even I just want to thank Senator CORKER fact that we were able to reach this Hamas, a natural enemy, to destabilize for his incredible leadership through type of an agreement—we had a couple the region. these very difficult times so that we votes. The votes were pretty decisive We need to worry about what the could reach this point. as to how they came out on the floor. Prime Minister of Israel said just a few It gives us the best chance to accom- I thank all our colleagues for the way months ago here in this Chamber: This plish our goal. Our goal is to prevent they cooperated with us on being able represents a dire threat. Does anyone Iran from becoming a nuclear weapons to reach this moment. think that Israel can stand by on their state—pure and simple. We will be in a Mr. President, I yield the remainder own and allow Iran to continue to be stronger position to achieve that objec- of the time to the chairman of the Sen- unfettered and potentially move for- tive with the passage of this legisla- ate Foreign Relations Committee. ward with a nuclear program? I don’t tion. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- think so. We understand what that means. We ator from Tennessee. But I also want to make sure that understand that it has to be an agree- Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I thank the Iranian people know we are also ment that prevents Iran from a break- the distinguished ranking member. I concerned that we have a President out capacity to have a nuclear weapon will be very brief. who is willing to negotiate with a re- in a period of time where we would be I thank our ranking member, who gime that is guilty of human rights compromised, because we know we could not have been more of a gen- violations, that is guilty of spreading have to be able to inspect, we have to tleman, more of a leader on this issue, terror through the world, that is guilty be able to see what they are doing, and and I cannot thank him enough for his of meddling in the affairs of other Mid- we have to be able to react if they efforts and his staff’s. dle Eastern nations. And we are sitting cheat. This bill allows us to have that I thank also Senator MENENDEZ, who along the sidelines and saying maybe type of an oversight over such an before was ranking member of the com- we can still move this deal through, be- agreement. mittee and is such a leader on this and cause at least knowing when Iran gets It spells out the proper role for Con- has been from day one relative to the a nuclear weapon is better than the gress. It was in the 1990s that Congress sanctions on Iran and bringing them to current state. started to impose sanctions against the table. I think the current state is working. Iran for its nuclear weapons program. I would also thank Senator GRAHAM. Sanctions are working. Pressure on Only Congress can remove those sanc- We began this process in July of last Iran to respect human rights, to get tions or permanently change them. So year. And so many others have been in- out of the terror business is very im- it is in our interests to be able to have volved. Senator GRAHAM obviously portant. an orderly way to review an agree- helped drive this. So did Senator The last slide I wanted to show and ment. And it is an orderly review be- KAINE, on the Democratic side of the that I wanted to spend more time on— cause it requires the President to sub- aisle. But we have had so many rocks,

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By unan- resentatives, for purposes of this subsection, the floor now for 2 weeks, and I know the terms ‘‘transmittal,’’ ‘‘transmitted,’’ and there have been a lot of process issues imous consent, the mandatory quorum ‘‘transmission’’ mean transmittal, trans- that we have dealt with. call has been waived. mitted, and transmission, respectively, to At the end of the day, without this The question is, Is it the sense of the the Speaker of the House of Representatives. bill there is no review of what happens Senate that debate on the Corker On page 10, lines 13 and 14, strike ‘‘the Con- relative to Iran. So we worked hard to amendment No. 1140 to H.R. 1191, an gress adopts, and there is enacted,’’ and in- create a great bipartisan balance. I act to amend the Internal Revenue sert ‘‘there is enacted’’. On page 10, lines 17 and 18, strike ‘‘the Con- think we have an opportunity to do Code of 1986 to ensure that emergency services volunteers are not taken into gress adopts, and there is enacted’’ and in- something that really is in some ways sert ‘‘there is enacted’’. a landmark piece of legislation, in that account as employees under the shared On page 13, line 17, strike ‘‘enhance’’ and the Senate Foreign Relations Com- responsibility requirements contained insert ‘‘reduce’’. mittee in a bipartisan way with a 19-to- in the Patient Protection and Afford- On page 17, line 9, strike ‘‘covert action’’ 0 vote has basically taken back the able Care Act, shall be brought to a and insert ‘‘covert activities’’. On page 19, strike lines 8 through 17 and in- power that the President now has to close? The yeas and nays are mandatory sert the following: work collaboratively to make sure that ‘‘(e) EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION OF LEGISLA- under the rule. we have the opportunity to see the de- TION.— The clerk will call the roll. tails, as my colleague has mentioned, ‘‘(1) INITIATION.— The bill clerk called the roll. ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In the event the Presi- of any deal that may be negotiated Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the with Iran, that it stand before the Sen- dent does not submit a certification pursu- Senator from California (Mrs. BOXER) ate and give us time to actually go ant to subsection (d)(6) during each 90-day is necessarily absent. period following the review period provided through those details, that we see all The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 93, the classified annexes and everything in subsection (b), or submits a determination nays 6, as follows: pursuant to subsection (d)(3) that Iran has that go with this. We have the oppor- [Rollcall Vote No. 173 Leg.] materially breached an agreement subject to tunity, should we choose, to pass a res- YEAS—93 subsection (a) and the material breach has olution of approval or disapproval. And not been cured, qualifying legislation intro- then, very importantly, the President Alexander Flake Nelson Ayotte Franken Paul duced within 60 calendar days of such event has to certify every 90 days that Iran is Baldwin Gardner Perdue shall be entitled to expedited consideration in compliance. Barrasso Gillibrand Peters pursuant to this subsection. So let me just restate that, without Bennet Graham Portman ‘‘(B) DEFINITION.—In the House of Rep- this bill, there is no limitation on the Blumenthal Hatch Reed resentatives, for purposes of this paragraph, President’s use of waivers to suspend Blunt Heinrich Reid the terms ‘submit’ and ‘submits’ mean sub- Booker Heitkamp Risch the sanctions Congress has put in mit and submits, respectively, to the Speak- Boozman Heller Roberts er of the House of Representatives. place. There is no requirement that Brown Hirono Rounds Congress receive full details of any Burr Hoeven Rubio The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sub- agreement with Iran. There is no re- Cantwell Inhofe Sanders stitute amendment, No. 1140, as amend- Capito Isakson Sasse ed, is agreed to. view period for Congress to examine Cardin Johnson Schatz and weigh in on an agreement. There is Carper Kaine Schumer The cloture motion on H.R. 1191 is no requirement that the President cer- Casey King Scott withdrawn. tify Iran is complying. And there are Cassidy Kirk Sessions The amendment was ordered to be Coats Klobuchar Shaheen engrossed, and the bill to be read a really no expedited procedures for Con- Cochran Lankford Shelby gress to reimpose rapidly sanctions Collins Leahy Stabenow third time. should Iran cheat. Coons Manchin Tester The bill was read the third time. So, in summary, no bill, no review; Corker Markey Thune The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill Cornyn McCain Tillis having been read the third time, the no bill, no oversight. I think the Amer- Crapo McCaskill Toomey ican people want the Senate and the question is, Shall the bill pass? Daines McConnell Udall Ms. COLLINS. Mr. President, I ask House of Representatives on their be- Donnelly Menendez Vitter for the yeas and nays. half to ensure that Iran is accountable, Durbin Merkley Warner Enzi Mikulski Warren The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a that this is a transparent process, and Ernst Murkowski Whitehouse sufficient second? that they comply. Feinstein Murphy Wicker There is a sufficient second. With that, I concede that the Pre- Fischer Murray Wyden The clerk will call the roll. siding Officer wants to move ahead. NAYS—6 Again, I thank our ranking member The senior assistant legislative clerk Cotton Grassley Moran for his distinguished service and all of called the roll. Cruz Lee Sullivan Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the my colleagues who have brought us to NOT VOTING—1 Senator from California (Mrs. BOXER) this moment. I yield the floor. Boxer is necessarily absent. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Pursuant The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there any other Senators in the Chamber de- to rule XXII, the Chair lays before the HOEVEN). On this vote, the yeas are 93, Senate the pending cloture motion, the nays are 6. siring to vote? which the clerk will state. Three-fifths of the Senators duly cho- The result was announced—yeas 98, The legislative clerk read as follows: sen and sworn having voted in the af- nays 1, as follows: CLOTURE MOTION firmative, the motion is agreed to. [Rollcall Vote No. 174 Leg.] We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- Under the previous order, amend- YEAS—98 ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the ments Nos. 1155; 1186, as modified; 1197; Alexander Burr Coons Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby and 1198 fall, as they are not germane. Ayotte Cantwell Corker move to bring to a close debate on the Amendment No. 1179 is withdrawn. Baldwin Capito Cornyn Corker amendment No. 1140 to H.R. 1191, an Barrasso Cardin Crapo act to amend the Internal Revenue Code of Amendment No. 1219 is agreed to. Bennet Carper Cruz 1986 to ensure that emergency services vol- The amendment agreed to is as fol- Blumenthal Casey Daines unteers are not taken into account as em- lows: Blunt Cassidy Donnelly ployees under the shared responsibility re- (Purpose: To make technical changes) Booker Coats Durbin Boozman Cochran Enzi quirements contained in the Patient Protec- On page 7, line 17, strike ‘‘the Congress’’ Brown Collins Ernst tion and Affordable Care Act. and insert ‘‘both Houses of Congress’’.

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Just this Fischer Manchin Sanders only to regional peace but to world past week, it was reported that U.S. Flake Markey Sasse Franken McCain Schatz peace—and that is the prospect of an Navy warships have had to accompany Gardner McCaskill Schumer Iranian nuclear program, a nuclear British and American commercial ves- Gillibrand McConnell Scott weapon. sels through the Strait of Hormuz, an Graham Menendez Sessions This bill prohibits the President from international shipping lane that links Grassley Merkley Shaheen Hatch Mikulski lifting sanctions that Congress has Shelby the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf, Heinrich Moran Stabenow worked on for so long during this pe- after the Iranian navy seized a com- Heitkamp Murkowski Sullivan riod of time. That is another important Heller Murphy mercial vessel last week. Tester feature. But the most important part Hirono Murray Reports of another naval scuffle be- Thune of this is the fact that Congress will Hoeven Nelson tween the United States and Iran was Inhofe Paul Tillis have the right to vote for or against Toomey reported yesterday just off the coast of Isakson Perdue any change in the status quo when it Johnson Peters Udall Yemen. Is this how Iran has been work- comes to Iran. This bill will serve as a Kaine Portman Vitter ing to ensure freedom of navigation in Warner congressional check if there is a bad King Reed this region? Kirk Reid Warren deal with Iran, and it will allow the Klobuchar Risch Whitehouse American people through their elected Well, of course this is just one exam- Lankford Roberts Wicker ple of Iran’s most recent deceptive tac- Leahy Rounds Wyden representatives to consider carefully whether this potential agreement is a tics. This is the kind of regime that NAYS—1 good one. has been, as I said, on our State De- Cotton I have been amazed to read in the partment’s list as the lead State for NOT VOTING—1 newspaper and to see on TV that the sponsorship of terrorism since 1984. Boxer President has negotiated a deal. When Now the Obama administration seeks one asks to read the deal, you find out to cut a deal with the regime, a coun- The bill (H.R. 1191), as amended, was there is no deal. There is a so-called passed. try that publicly admits wanting to de- framework. But if a deal is reached be- stroy Israel and to build its empire and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tween our negotiating team negoti- ator from Tennessee. influence in places such as war-torn ating with Iran and the P5+1 countries, Syria and Iraq. The Obama administra- Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I ask then Congress will have an oppor- unanimous consent that the title tion’s framework does nothing to hold tunity—and through us the American Iran accountable for its proxy wars or amendment to H.R. 1191, which is at people will have the opportunity—to the desk, be considered and agreed to. for this type of regional adventurism. read it and to understand it. We will Even more concerning, this ambiguous The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without have the opportunity then to debate it, objection, it is so ordered. understanding that the President re- and as I said, we will have the oppor- leased last month would abandon long- The amendment (No. 1220) was agreed tunity then to vote up or down on this to, as follows: standing U.S. policy of preventing a deal once a deal is struck, if a deal is nuclear-armed Iran and replace it with (Purpose: To amend the title) struck. a feeble plan to contain it. Amend the title so as to read: ‘‘A bill to But I wonder sometimes about the provide for congressional review and over- naivete of the administration when it I remember, as the Presiding Officer sight of agreements relating to Iran’s nu- comes to negotiating with the world’s no doubt remembers, Prime Minister clear program, and for other purposes.’’. foremost State sponsor of inter- Netanyahu was just here a few weeks Mr. CORKER. I yield the floor. national terror. This is a regime that ago. He said that rather than prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon, f has been killing Americans—mainly by proxy—since the early 1980s. Of course this framework would pave the path to- ENSURING TAX EXEMPT ORGANI- we should not and we cannot trust Iran ward a nuclear Iran. The deal also ZATIONS THE RIGHT TO APPEAL to do the right thing. It makes it even forces the American people to trust the ACT—MOTION TO PROCEED—Con- more necessary for Congress to put all Iranian leadership with threshold nu- tinued aspects of any deal under a microscope, clear capabilities, without allowing for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- as we will. adequate inspections of all of Iran’s nu- ator from Texas. While the President has been negoti- clear sites by international agencies, Mr. CORNYN. Thank you, Mr. Presi- ating this vague and convoluted frame- both civilian and military. This is un- dent. work, the Iranian regime has done acceptable and dangerous. It also un- nothing to earn the trust of the Amer- derscores why this legislation that we IRAN NUCLEAR AGREEMENT REVIEW ACT ican people or our allies. Just the oppo- just passed is so important. Before my colleagues leave the floor, site is true. Iran has only proven that let me just offer my congratulations to This legislation is vitally important it is untrustworthy and that it will the Senator from Tennessee and the because it is a congressional backstop stop at nothing to further its influence Senator from Maryland, who have against an Iranian regime that is well throughout the Middle East at the ex- shepherded this important piece of leg- known for its lies and international de- pense of the United States and our al- ception. Guaranteeing the time and the islation, the Iran Nuclear Agreement lies. Review Act, across the Senate floor. opportunity for Congress to scrutinize You don’t have to look any further this misguided deal is essential. Pro- I think we are all reminded every than the New York Times to find a rel- time we take up some consensus legis- viding the American people with the evant example of Iran’s doublespeak— kind of transparency they deserve to lation and find all the traps and obsta- speaking out of both sides of its mouth. cles to passage that this is not an easy understand what has been negotiated Just last month in a New York Times on their behalf is absolutely critical. process. But it was not designed to be op-ed, Iran’s Foreign Minister argued America’s elected representatives easy. It was designed to force con- that the United States and the P5+1 must be able to get every and any de- sensus before a bill actually is passed countries should reach a final agree- tail on this emerging deal. That is one into law. Thanks to the patience and ment in order to promote the stability reason why I think this legislation is the tenacity of our colleague from Ten- and security of the region. nessee and our colleague from Mary- The Foreign Minister, Mohammad so important. We need the time and land, we have done that today, and I Zarif, wrote of the need for ‘‘a regional space to review it. This bill provides thank them very much for that. dialogue’’ to ‘‘promote understanding for that. It gives us an opportunity to This legislation guarantees that Con- . . . on a broad spectrum of issues,’’ understand its terms and debate its im- gress will have the opportunity and the among them, ‘‘ensuring freedom of plications. time to scrutinize any agreement navigation and the free flow of oil and I am encouraged by the vote we just reached between the administration other resources. . . . ’’ had, a near unanimous vote on this leg- and the P5+1 nations with regard to Well, this very article proves that to islation. This is important because this Iran’s nuclear program. This is to my think we can negotiate with Iran in President has shown a predisposition

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:05 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A07MY6.005 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2727 to try to go it alone, not only in for- I am hopeful that as we focus on the Roger Peltyn with the sole purpose of eign affairs and national security mat- issues that are embedded in the Oppor- raising funds to award scholarships for ters but on immigration, health care, tunity Agenda—issues such as edu- young Nevada students pursuing excel- and the like. cation, and I mean a quality education lence in higher education. Over the last It is past time for Congress to stand in every ZIP Code in America and that 10 years, the Foundation has awarded up and tell the President that he can- we should have high-performing more than 700 scholarships through not act alone. Our Constitution con- schools in those ZIP Codes. That in- local charities, including the Univer- templates three coequal branches of cludes school choice, whether it is sity of Nevada, Las Vegas, UNLV, government, and Congress on behalf of charter or virtual or home schools or Foundation, Nevada State College, Ne- the American people cannot be frozen public schools. We need to have a seri- vada Hospital Association, the Center out of the debate and the decision- ous and robust conversation about for Academic Enrichment and Out- making when it comes to something as school choice. reach at UNLV, College of Southern important as an Iranian nuclear nego- Work skills are so important. In so Nevada, Puerto Rican Association tiation. many of these communities the unem- Scholarship Fund, HEART for children I see another Senator ready to speak. ployment rate is over 30 percent—a 30- with AUTISM, Latin Chamber of Com- I yield the floor. percent unemployment rate. We can merce Scholarship Fund, City Impact The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- challenge those statistics by looking at Center, and Miss Nevada Scholarship ator from South Carolina. the work skills and also by looking at Organization. These scholarships would NATIONAL DAY OF PRAYER AND SOLVING apprenticeship programs, where you have not been possible without the sup- PROBLEMS IN OUR COMMUNITIES can earn and learn at the exact same port of the people of Nevada and the Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, today is time. We are breathing new hope into immeasurable contributions and col- the National Day of Prayer. It is a day these communities. I also think that laboration from Karen Cashman and where we as a nation have an oppor- when we think about the future, we Ellie Hirschfield. tunity simply to get on our knees and must think about the chance to save The foundation has recognized many ask God for Divine intervention and the future of so many of these young strong sen˜ oras and sen˜ ores throughout ask the Lord for help. kids who may be losing hope in our the community for their work to en- Our Nation is, indeed, an amazing na- country, who may be losing hope in courage the success of future genera- tion, a great nation, a nation with a their communities, and perhaps losing tions. A Sen˜ ora of Excellence can best destiny. I think it is important for us hope in themselves. be described as a woman who is con- to take the time to remind ourselves, We have a chance to make a dif- fident in her beliefs, loyal to family as part of the foundation of this very ference in this next generation. and friends, accepts victories and dis- Nation, that there is a foundation of I thank Senator GRASSLEY, our chair- appointments with grace, and rises faith. man of the Judiciary Committee, along above life’s challenges. A Sen˜ or of Dis- As I think about that foundation of with Senator GRAHAM, our sub- tinction is a man who bases his life on faith and the need for prayer, it is hard committee chair, for agreeing to hold a principles, raises spirits, never lets not to remember that the last year has hearing on the use of body cameras in people down, and makes sacrifices for proven to be a difficult time for low-in- the next few weeks. I believe the hear- future generations without expecting come communities and minority com- ing on body cameras will produce im- to receive anything in return. munities throughout this country. It is portant information on how we can We pay tribute to this year’s award time for us to have a national con- deal with some of the challenges in recipients and the previous honorees of versation about solving some of the some of our distressed communities. the Sen˜ oras of Excellence and Sen˜ ores problems that we see arising in com- I believe we can find ways to restore of Distinction, Lifetime Achievement, munities around the Nation. Whether hope and create opportunities for every Corporation of Distinction, and Hu- those communities are in Ferguson or single child in America. manitarian of the Year awards. This Baltimore, Ohio or Oklahoma or in my I suggest the absence of a quorum. year, my dear friend Wayne Newton is hometown of North Charleston, SC, The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CAS- the recipient of the Humanitarian of finding solutions is critical. SIDY). The clerk will call the roll. the Year award. I am grateful for his I believe that a part of the puzzle in- The senior assistant legislative clerk commitment to supporting education cludes body cameras to be worn by our proceeded to call the roll. and his fierce advocacy for improving officers. Body cameras are simply not a Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I the lives of our Nation’s service men fantasy but a part of a larger puzzle to ask unanimous consent that the order and women. provide solutions to communities that for the quorum call be rescinded. I thank the foundation for their con- are distressed. I know firsthand that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tinued leadership and commitment to the solutions in my Opportunity Agen- objection, it is so ordered. youth education and congratulate this da work. f year’s award recipients. I wish the As a kid growing up in a single par- MORNING BUSINESS foundation continued success in the ent household, I drifted in the wrong years to come. direction. I struggled in school. I had a Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I difficult time. I was a hopeless kid in a ask unanimous consent that the Sen- f challenging situation. I will state that ate be in a period of morning business, as I look around the Nation, many of with Senators permitted to speak NEGOTIATIONS WITH IRAN the challenges we see today are kids therein for up to 10 minutes each. just like me, growing up in places like The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. TILLIS. Mr. President, we have where I grew up, looking for hope, objection, it is so ordered. reached a tipping point in President looking for leadership. f Obama’s quest for a ‘‘legacy’’. Ukraine I believe that embedded in my Oppor- is on fire; Senior Chinese generals tunity Agenda we have some of the so- CELEBRATING THE 10TH ANNUAL openly boast of their desire to settle ˜ lutions that can help heal and restore SENORAS OF EXCELLENCE AND millennial scores with their neighbors; ˜ as well as direct and instruct these SENORES OF DISTINCTION Al Qaeda is stronger than ever; ISIS is communities into places of hope and AWARDS GALA massacring Christians with a genocidal opportunity. I believe that too often we Mr. REID. Mr. President, I rise today savagery the likes of which we have see impoverished communities and dis- to recognize the 10th Annual Sen˜ oras not seen since World War II; and Israel tressed communities as high-risk com- of Excellence and Sen˜ ores of Distinc- feels abandoned. American foreign pol- munities. I prefer to see them as high- tion Awards Gala hosted by the Foun- icy is rudderless, bringing to mind potential communities, communities dation for Excellence and Distinction Lewis Carroll’s comment from Alice where greatness breeds and lives. We in Las Vegas, NV. Through the Looking Glass, ‘‘If you just need to find an avenue to harness The Foundation for Excellence and don’t know where you are going any the potential and move forward. Distinction was created by Sandy and road can take you there.’’

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:13 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.042 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S2728 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 7, 2015 Now the President has staked his Shah. Nevertheless, the Shah bottled to sell the advanced S–300 air defense name on reaching a deal with the Aya- the Soviet Navy from entering the Per- system. As agitation against the tollahs no matter how dangerous or de- sian Gulf and Iran’s economy took off— mullahs was growing we have given stabilizing the final accord is. If the until Jimmy Carter decided to aid the them a lifeline. Squeezing Iran eco- Iranians agree to this, and from their transfer of the Ayatollah Khomeini nomically, aided by the fall in world- own hegemonic interest they would be from his Paris exile back to Iran—in wide oil prices, was the surest way to foolish not to, the Israeli hand will be the name of human rights. We have force concessions. Once the sanctions forced as it was with the Iraqi Osirik reaped the whirlwind. are lifted it will be nearly impossible reactor in 1981; or at the least, a Middle Now we have the Obama Doctrine. to go back. East nuclear arms race, that pulls in America is the problem. Israel is The restrictions on Iran’s nuclear Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the viewed as an obstacle to peace and Iran program will reportedly be phased out Gulf States, will begin. is treated as another oppressed con- after 10 years, a period shorter than the Mr. Obama has turned his back on stituency with legitimate grievances time it has taken to negotiate the decades of assurances from Presidents against the West, so much so that when agreement. The original U.S. position of both parties that Iran would not ac- millions of Iranians took to the streets was that restrictions would be perma- quire nuclear weapons. He has willfully against the mullahs, President Obama nent. As Henry Kissinger said, far from ignored 40 years of hostility from did nothing and said nothing— enabling the President’s goal of dis- Tehran. If the President does not rec- strengthening the hand of the clerics. engaging from the Middle East, the ognize that we are at war, the mullahs When the Egyptian generals overthrew framework will necessitate a deepening certainly do. They are the chief spon- the Muslim Brotherhood, who were involvement in the region under a com- sor of global terror. They have never waging war against Coptic Christians plex ‘‘new order’’ dictated by a nuclear stepped back from their desire to oblit- and openly spoke of renewing the fight Iran. erate Israel and to destroy the United against Israel—the State Department Iran will be allowed to operate thou- States. Our Arab friends see Iran cre- condemned them as ‘‘undemocratic.’’ sands of centrifuges to enrich uranium ating a satellite ‘‘Shia Crescent’’ The old American alliances are col- and to pursue research and develop- stretching to the Mediterranean and lapsing in confusion and fear and the ment of more advanced systems. The consisting of Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon. only answer from the administration original U.S. position—backed by mul- To their south and west, they see Iran seems to be to clear Iran’s path toward tiple U.N. Security Council resolutions gaining control of Yemen. Shia Iran is a nuclear weapon. demanding complete suspension of all so obsessed with its race to dominate The greatest concession in the cur- enrichment activities—was zero en- the Middle East that it is funneling rent negotiations has been the aban- richment and zero centrifuges. Under millions of dollars to the Sunni ter- donment of the original U.S. position President Obama, zero was abandoned rorist group Hamas, to fund their war of preventing Iran from having a nu- as unrealistic, and the number of per- against Israel, even though the Sunnis clear-weapons capability. This was the mitted centrifuges moved up, accord- are religious enemies. stance of the Bush administration. It ing to the Secretary of Energy from Tehran has a 9-figure line item in its was also the position of the Obama ad- 1,000 to 4,000 to 6,000. Iran has rejected budget to support terrorism, sending ministration until November 2013. This each offer as insufficient, only to be re- hundreds of millions of dollars to var- is a disaster. Here is what we know as warded with a better one. That is how ious groups each year; the payments to acknowledged by the Obama adminis- the administration negotiates—from Hezbollah alone are as much as $200 tration negotiators including the Sec- behind. million annually. According to Cana- retaries of State and Energy: In his 1987 State of the Union Ad- dian intelligence, ‘‘[I]n February 1999, There will be no limits on Iran’s bal- dress, Ronald Regan warned us: it was reported that Palestinian police listic-missile force, the means for de- Our approach is not to seek agreement for discovered documents that attest to livering its nuclear weapons. The U.S. agreement’s sake but to settle only for the transfer of $35 million to Hamas position of seeking limits on the mis- agreements that truly enhance our national from the Iranian Intelligence Service sile force was abandoned when the Su- security and that of our allies. We will never (MOIS), money reportedly meant to fi- preme Leader objected and Obama con- put our security at risk or that of our allies nance terrorist activities against ceded. just to reach an agreement . . . No agree- Israeli targets.’’ Illustrating how such There will be no resolution of Iran’s ment is better than a bad agreement. support is part of official government weaponization activities. Iran will There you have it. Our allies—Israel, policy, from 2001 to 2006, Iran trans- promise once again to cooperate with Saudi Arabia, the Gulf States, Jordan, ferred $50 million to Hezbollah fronts the IAEA, but no one expects anything and Egypt—are worried. Tehran is on in Lebanon by sending funds from its other than more Iranian obstacles. A the march and moving closer to nu- central bank through Bank Saderat’s resolution of weaponization activities clear status. As Charles Krauthammer London office. was also a precondition for an agree- noted, ‘‘the one great hope for Middle Mr. President, 40 years ago, Richard ment. East peace, the strategic anchor for Nixon confronted Soviet incursions Inspections will be based on managed forty years’’, is giving the green light into the Middle East. The so called access but only on Iran’s terms. At one to both. That is not a legacy of which Nixon Doctrine laid the foundation for point, the U.S. insisted that effective to be proud. a peaceful pro-Western resolution of verification required full access to fa- f the various crises in the region. Nixon cilities and people. Under the Obama made it clear to everyone that the plan there will be no inspections of ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS United States would not abandon military sites much less suspected cov- Israel. Israel would be backed by the ert facilities such as the Lavizan-3 site power of the United States in any con- or the Fordow weapons complex buried RECOGNIZING THE NEVADA flict with its Soviet backed Arab deep in the Iranian mountains. APPEAL’S 150TH BIRTHDAY neighbors and against the Soviet Union Obama will allow the Arak heavy- ∑ Mr. HELLER. Mr. President, today, I itself. One by one, Egypt, Jordan, water reactor to be modified but not in wish to recognize the 150th birthday of Saudi Arabia, and the Emirates, recog- any way that prevents Iran from using the Silver State’s oldest daily news- nized the futility of armed hostility to it to produce plutonium for weapons. paper, the Nevada Appeal. I am proud Israel and backed away from Moscow Again, the initial Obama position was to honor this publication that brings and made peace, an imperfect peace that the reactor must be dismantled. high-quality news to Nevada’s capital. but peace nonetheless. Golda Meir The economic sanctions, particularly Growing up in Carson City, this called President Nixon ‘‘the best friend the banking freeze that wrecked the newspaper has played a role in my life Israel ever had.’’ Iranian economy will be lifted. In fact, since I was a young boy. Each morning, In the region’s west, Nixon promoted Tehran has already received billions of two of my brothers would deliver the a secular pro-Western Iran, albeit dollars just for continuing the negotia- Nevada Appeal to the local community. under the imperfect leadership of the tions. It has already freed the Russians Of course, I was their No. 1 substitute

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:13 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.047 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2729 whenever they were unable to go. Dur- trustees and also works with the foun- family began requesting crown paint- ing this time, the paper was located at dation committees to ensure all seniors ings of their own, and within 2 weeks, the Brewery Art Center. We went there are being served effectively and effi- young Harlan had over 200 orders to each morning to fold the papers and ciently. The individual committees fill. take off to deliver them. These are provide transportation to drive seniors Demand for Adam’s simple, elegant memories I will never forget. It gives to health service appointments and to crowns grew so much among friends me great pleasure to see this publica- the grocery store, provide minor home and family that the young entre- tion celebrate 150 years, making it the maintenance services, deliver an inven- preneur decided to share his success longest continuously operating busi- tory of durable medical equipment, and with kids in need. Erica was astonished ness in Carson City. maintain a resource directory with in- when her 7-year-old proclaimed that he The Nevada Appeal, originally called formation on free services. Each year, wanted to donate his profits to the can- the Carson Daily Appeal, was founded the foundation responds to thousands cer center at Children’s Hospital New on May 16, 1865, by local businessmen of requests to care for senior citizens in Orleans. Unaware that Harlan knew E.F. McElwin, J. Barrett, and Marshall Southern Nevada. Mr. West’s work in about or understood what cancer is, Robinson. Original editor Harry the local community is invaluable. Erica was overwhelmingly proud of her Mighels joined the team only a few He has contributed greatly to grow- son’s humility and generosity when he days later. Over the next 100 years, the ing the foundation, which now serves explained that two kids he knew were Nevada Appeal would see about 30 com- multiple communities throughout battling cancer and he wanted to help. petitors. By 1868, Mighels had bought a Southern Nevada. He spearheaded a Harlan is now an honorary member of few of the other local publications, and new program, the HowRU Program, the Distributive Education Clubs of in 1870, he sold to C.L. Perkins and H.S. which is designed to minimize risks of America, a youth entrepreneurship or- Street. In February of 1872, John seniors living alone by maintaining ganization, and plans to continue his Boothe, a newsman of Gold Hill, Vir- contact with clients. Subscribers are charitable work. ginia City, and Unionville, bought the contacted daily to eliminate unre- When our young folks take the ini- paper. Following this in September of ported injuries in the senior commu- tiative to help others in the capacity 1872, Mighels re-bought the newspaper nity. He has also improved outreach to that young Harlan has, we owe them and kept it in the family until 1945, garner more volunteers and commu- our utmost respect and recognition. It when it was bought by W.L. Davis. In nity support to aid in transportation, is my great honor to recognize Harlan 1947, the paper was sold to Arthur equipment, and home maintenance Jackson Adams and Crowns 4 Kids as Suverkrup, who changed the name to needs. Small Business of the Week. Thank Nevada Appeal. Donrey Media bought Mr. West received the ‘‘Premier Com- you for inspiring both kids and adults out the paper in 1951 and then sold it to munity Award for Making a Difference to dream big and give generously.∑ an investor group in 1993. Finally, in in Their Neighborhood’’ from the city f 1995, the Nevada Appeal was sold to of Henderson in December of 2014. He Swift Communications, which remains also received 8 News Now Acts of Kind- MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT the owner today. ness recognition in October 2014 and Messages from the President of the The newspaper is delivered 6 days a FOX 5 News Shining Star recognition United States were communicated to week, Tuesday through Sunday, in the in 2013. the Senate by Mr. Pate, one of his sec- mornings and has a daily readership of It is not only Mr. West’s work in the retaries. over 25,000, including 35,000 on Sundays. senior community that deserves rec- f It has been recognized by the Nevada ognition, but also his service to our Press Association, Associated Press, great Nation as a Vietnam-era combat EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED and Swift Communications, receiving veteran. I extend my deepest gratitude As in executive session the Presiding numerous awards. The accolades are to Mr. West for his courageous con- Officer laid before the Senate messages well deserved, recognizing the hard tributions to the United States of from the President of the United work of the staff and quality of the America. His service to his country and States submitting sundry nominations writing. his bravery earn him a place among the and a withdrawal which were referred Throughout its 150 years, the Nevada outstanding men and women who have to the appropriate committees. Appeal has demonstrated profes- valiantly defended our Nation. (The messages received today are sionalism, commitment to excellence, I ask my colleagues and all Nevadans printed at the end of the Senate pro- and dedication to the highest standards to join me in recognizing Favil West, ceedings.) of journalism. I am both humbled and whose work is both noble and chari- f honored to call this publication a his- table. I am humbled and honored to toric piece of Nevada. Today, I ask my recognize Mr. West for his tireless ef- MEASURES PLACED ON THE colleagues to join me in honoring the forts in helping our senior community, CALENDAR Nevada Appeal on its 150th birthday.∑ and I wish him the best of luck in all The following concurrent resolution f of his future endeavors.∑ was read, and placed on the calendar: f S. Con. Res. 16. Concurrent resolution stat- CONGRATULATING FAVIL WEST ing the policy of the United States regarding ∑ Mr. HELLER. Mr. President, today I RECOGNIZING CROWNS 4 KIDS the release of United States citizens in Iran. wish to congratulate Favil West, co- ∑ Mr. VITTER. Mr. President, many of f founder and president of the Founda- our Nation’s successful small busi- tion Assisting Seniors, on receiving Ne- nesses started as an idea that took root INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND vada Senior Citizen of the Year for from big dreams and even bigger imagi- JOINT RESOLUTIONS 2015. It gives me great pleasure to rec- nations. This week’s Small Business of The following bills and joint resolu- ognize his years of hard work and dedi- the Week, Crowns 4 Kids of Madison- tions were introduced, read the first cation to Southern Nevada’s senior ville, LA, is an excellent example of and second times by unanimous con- community. how our next generation of Louisian- sent, and referred as indicated: Mr. West started the nonprofit orga- ians are dreaming big and influencing By Mr. LEE (for himself, Mr. BAR- nization in 2002, seeking to improve the the world around them. RASSO, Mr. COTTON, Mr. CORNYN, Mr. quality of life for seniors. The founda- Earlier this year when Harlan Jack- CRAPO, Mr. CRUZ, Mr. DAINES, Mr. tion assists with challenges during son Adams began painting acrylic pic- ENZI, Mr. HATCH, Mr. INHOFE, Mr. times of illness, recovery, confinement tures of crowns for his mother, Erica ISAKSON, Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. KIRK, Mr. at home, and coping with loss of a Adams, he had no idea how far his fun, PERDUE, Mr. PORTMAN, Mr. ROBERTS, Mr. SESSIONS, Mr. SASSE, Mr. SUL- loved one, as well as provides assist- quirky canvases would go. Word quick- LIVAN, Mr. TILLIS, Mr. THUNE, Mr. ance with everyday tasks such as ly spread across his mother’s social VITTER, Mr. GRASSLEY, Mr. RISCH, household maintenance and transpor- media accounts that her talented son Mr. SCOTT, Mr. WICKER, and Ms. tation. Mr. West leads the board of had found a new hobby. Friends and AYOTTE):

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:41 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.046 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S2730 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 7, 2015 S. 1238. A bill to provide for an accounting monoxide detectors in homes, and for other date its sponsorship identification rules ap- of total United States contributions to the purposes; to the Committee on Commerce, plicable to commercial and political adver- United Nations; to the Committee on For- Science, and Transportation. tising; to the Committee on Commerce, eign Relations. By Mr. MARKEY: Science, and Transportation. By Mr. DONNELLY (for himself, Mr. S. 1251. A bill to implement the Amend- By Mr. MANCHIN (for himself and Mr. GRASSLEY, and Mrs. FISCHER): ment to the Convention on Future Multilat- MORAN): S. 1239. A bill to amend the Clean Air Act eral Cooperation in the Northwest Atlantic S. 1261. A bill to ensure that methods of with respect to the ethanol waiver for the Fisheries, as adopted by Lisbon, Portugal on collecting taxes and fees by private citizens Reid vapor pressure limitations under that September 28, 2007; to the Committee on on behalf of State and local governments are Act; to the Committee on Environment and Commerce, Science, and Transportation. fair and effective and do not discriminate Public Works. By Mr. CASEY (for himself and Mr. against interstate commerce for wireless By Mr. HEINRICH (for himself and Mr. ISAKSON): telecommunications; to the Committee on UDALL): S. 1252. A bill to authorize a comprehensive Commerce, Science, and Transportation. S. 1240. A bill to designate the Cerro del strategic approach for United States foreign By Ms. HIRONO: Yuta and Rio San Antonio Wilderness Areas assistance to developing countries to reduce S. 1262. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- in the State of New Mexico, and for other global poverty and hunger, achieve food and enue Code of 1986 to establish tax-preferred purposes; to the Committee on Energy and nutrition security, promote inclusive, sus- Small Business Start-up Savings Accounts; Natural Resources. tainable, agricultural-led economic growth, to the Committee on Finance. By Ms. CANTWELL: improve nutritional outcomes, especially for By Ms. HIRONO: S. 1263. A bill to provide for the establish- S. 1241. A bill to provide for the moderniza- women and children, build resilience among ment of a Clean Energy Technology Manu- tion, security, and resiliency of the electric vulnerable populations, and for other pur- facturing and Export Assistance Fund to as- grid, to require the Secretary of Energy to poses; to the Committee on Foreign Rela- sist United States businesses with exporting carry out programs for research, develop- tions. clean energy technology products and serv- ment, demonstration, and information-shar- By Mr. BURR (for himself and Mr. BEN- ices; to the Committee on Energy and Nat- ing for cybersecurity for the energy sector, NET): ural Resources. and for other purposes; to the Committee on S. 1253. A bill to amend title XVIII of the By Mr. CARDIN (for himself, Mr. KIRK, Energy and Natural Resources. Social Security Act to provide coverage of Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. BLUMENTHAL, Mrs. By Mr. KING: certain disposable medical technologies BOXER, Mr. BROWN, Mr. DURBIN, Mr. S. 1242. A bill to amend the Natural Gas under the Medicare program, and for other FRANKEN, Mrs. GILLIBRAND, Mr. HEIN- Act to require the Federal Energy Regu- purposes; to the Committee on Finance. RICH, Ms. HIRONO, Mr. KAINE, Ms. latory Commission to consider regional con- By Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself and KLOBUCHAR, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. MENEN- straints in natural gas supply and whether a Ms. STABENOW): DEZ, Mr. MERKLEY, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. proposed LNG terminal would benefit re- S. 1254. A bill to provide for the issuance PETERS, Mr. SANDERS, Mrs. SHAHEEN, gional consumers of natural gas before ap- and sale of a semipostal by the United States Ms. STABENOW, Mr. WARNER, Ms. proving or disapproving an application for Postal Service to support effective programs WARREN, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, Mr. the LNG terminal, and for other purposes; to targeted at improving permanency outcomes WYDEN, Mr. MURPHY, and Mr. REED): for youth in foster care; to the Committee on the Committee on Energy and Natural Re- S.J. Res. 15. A joint resolution removing sources. Homeland Security and Governmental Af- the deadline for the ratification of the equal By Ms. CANTWELL (for herself, Ms. fairs. rights amendment; to the Committee on the HIRONO, and Mr. KING): By Mr. MERKLEY: Judiciary. S. 1255. A bill to designate certain Bureau S. 1243. A bill to facilitate modernizing the By Mr. MENENDEZ (for himself, Mr. electric grid, and for other purposes; to the of Land Management land in the State of Or- CARDIN, Mrs. BOXER, Ms. WARREN, Committee on Energy and Natural Re- egon as wilderness, to authorize certain land Mr. BLUMENTHAL, and Mrs. GILLI- sources. exchanges in the State of Oregon, and to BRAND): By Ms. BALDWIN (for herself and Mr. convey certain Bureau of Land Management S.J. Res. 16. A joint resolution proposing MARKEY): land in the State of Oregon to Wheeler Coun- an amendment to the Constitution of the S. 1244. A bill to amend the Communica- ty, Oregon, for economic and community de- United States relative to equal rights for tions Act of 1934 to establish signal quality velopment purposes; to the Committee on men and women; to the Committee on the and content requirements for the carriage of Energy and Natural Resources. Judiciary. public, educational, and governmental chan- By Mr. FRANKEN: nels, to preserve support of such channels, S. 1256. A bill to require the Secretary of f and for other purposes; to the Committee on Energy to establish an energy storage re- SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND Commerce, Science, and Transportation. search program, loan program, and technical SENATE RESOLUTIONS By Mrs. MCCASKILL: assistance and grant program, and for other S. 1245. A bill to provide for oversight of, purposes; to the Committee on Energy and The following concurrent resolutions and place restrictions on, Federal programs Natural Resources. and Senate resolutions were read, and that provide equipment to law enforcement By Mr. BROWN (for himself, Mr. SAND- referred (or acted upon), as indicated: agencies; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ERS, and Mr. MERKLEY): By Mr. CASSIDY (for himself, Mr. By Ms. STABENOW (for herself and S. 1257. A bill to amend title 38, United ROUNDS, Mr. ROBERTS, and Mr. Mr. BOOZMAN): States Code, to modify authorities relating INHOFE): S. 1246. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- to the collective bargaining of employees in S. Res. 174. A resolution recognizing May enue Code of 1986 to revise the definition of the Veterans Health Administration, and for 2015 as ‘‘Jewish American Heritage Month’’ municipal solid waste for purposes of the re- other purposes; to the Committee on Vet- and honoring the contributions of Jewish newable electricity production credit; to the erans’ Affairs. Americans to the United States of America; Committee on Finance. By Mr. FRANKEN: to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mrs. MCCASKILL (for herself and S. 1258. A bill to require the Secretary of By Ms. COLLINS (for herself, Mr. Mr. BLUNT): Energy to establish a distributed energy loan BROWN, Mr. MORAN, Mr. DURBIN, Mr. S. 1247. A bill to designate Union Station program and technical assistance and grant CASEY, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. KIRK, Ms. in Washington, DC, as ‘‘Harry S. Truman program, and for other purposes; to the Com- AYOTTE, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mrs. SHA- Union Station’’; to the Committee on Envi- mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. HEEN, Mr. COONS, Mr. WARNER, Mr. ronment and Public Works. By Mr. HEINRICH (for himself and Mr. SCHUMER, Mr. MURPHY, Ms. BALDWIN, By Ms. WARREN (for herself and Mr. BENNET): Ms. HIRONO, Mr. BOOKER, Ms. WAR- VITTER): S. 1259. A bill to establish a grant program REN, Mr. HEINRICH, and Mr. MENEN- S. 1248. A bill to amend the Federal Re- to allow National Laboratories to provide DEZ): serve Act to reform the Federal Reserve Sys- vouchers to small business concerns to im- S. Res. 175. A resolution recognizing the tem; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, prove commercialization of technologies de- roles and contributions of the teachers of the and Urban Affairs. veloped at National Laboratories and the United States to building and enhancing the By Mr. MENENDEZ (for himself, Mr. technology-driven economic impact of com- civic, cultural, and economic well-being of BROWN, and Mr. BOOKER): mercialization in the regions in which Na- the United States; considered and agreed to. S. 1249. A bill to amend the Fair Credit Re- tional Laboratories are located, and for By Mr. RISCH (for himself, Mr. CRAPO, porting Act to provide protections for active other purposes; to the Committee on Energy Mr. RUBIO, Mrs. BOXER, Mr. BLUNT, duty military consumers, and for other pur- and Natural Resources. Ms. STABENOW, Mr. NELSON, Mr. poses; to the Committee on Banking, Hous- By Mr. NELSON (for himself, Ms. WAR- PETERS, Mr. SULLIVAN, Mr. CRUZ, Mr. ing, and Urban Affairs. REN, Mr. BLUMENTHAL, Mr. MARKEY, ISAKSON, and Mrs. FEINSTEIN): By Ms. KLOBUCHAR (for herself, Mr. Mr. WYDEN, Mrs. MCCASKILL, and Mr. S. Con. Res. 16. A concurrent resolution SCHUMER, and Mr. CASEY): PETERS): stating the policy of the United States re- S. 1250. A bill to encourage States to re- S. 1260. A bill to direct the Federal Com- garding the release of United States citizens quire the installation of residential carbon munications Commission to revise and up- in Iran; placed on the calendar.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:31 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A07MY6.012 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2731 ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS RUBIO) was added as a cosponsor of S. S. 890 At the request of Ms. CANTWELL, the S. 192 619, a bill to include among the prin- cipal trade negotiating objectives of name of the Senator from Delaware At the request of Mr. ALEXANDER, the name of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. the United States regarding commer- (Mr. COONS) was added as a cosponsor cial partnerships trade negotiating ob- of S. 890, a bill to amend title 54, MORAN) was added as a cosponsor of S. 192, a bill to reauthorize the Older jectives with respect to discouraging United States Code, to provide con- Americans Act of 1965, and for other activity that discourages, penalizes, or sistent and reliable authority for, and purposes. otherwise limits commercial relations for the funding of, the Land and Water with Israel, and for other purposes. Conservation Fund to maximize the ef- S. 258 S. 697 fectiveness of the Fund for future gen- At the request of Mr. ROBERTS, the erations, and for other purposes. name of the Senator from Colorado At the request of Mr. UDALL, the names of the Senator from Wyoming S. 928 (Mr. GARDNER) was added as a cospon- At the request of Mrs. GILLIBRAND, sor of S. 258, a bill to amend title XVIII (Mr. BARRASSO), the Senator from New the names of the Senator from Arkan- of the Social Security Act to remove Jersey (Mr. BOOKER), the Senator from sas (Mr. COTTON) and the Senator from the 96-hour physician certification re- Texas (Mr. CORNYN), the Senator from Maine (Mr. KING) were added as cospon- quirement for inpatient critical access Arkansas (Mr. COTTON), the Senator sors of S. 928, a bill to reauthorize the hospital services. from Georgia (Mr. ISAKSON), the Sen- ator from Virginia (Mr. KAINE), the World Trade Center Health Program S. 298 Senator from Missouri (Mrs. MCCAS- and the September 11th Victim Com- At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the KILL), the Senator from Oregon (Mr. pensation Fund of 2001, and for other names of the Senator from Colorado MERKLEY), the Senator from Alaska purposes. (Mr. GARDNER) and the Senator from (Ms. MURKOWSKI), the Senator from S. 1099 Mississippi (Mr. WICKER) were added as Connecticut (Mr. MURPHY), the Senator At the request of Mrs. SHAHEEN, the cosponsors of S. 298, a bill to amend ti- from Florida (Mr. RUBIO), the Senator name of the Senator from Colorado tles XIX and XXI of the Social Secu- from South Carolina (Mr. SCOTT), the (Mr. BENNET) was added as a cosponsor rity Act to provide States with the op- Senator from New Hampshire (Mrs. of S. 1099, a bill to amend the Patient tion of providing services to children SHAHEEN) and the Senator from Rhode Protection and Affordable Care Act to with medically complex conditions Island (Mr. WHITEHOUSE) were added as provide States with flexibility in deter- under the Medicaid program and Chil- cosponsors of S. 697, a bill to amend the mining the size of employers in the dren’s Health Insurance Program Toxic Substances Control Act to reau- small group market. through a care coordination program thorize and modernize that Act, and for S. 1109 focused on improving health outcomes other purposes. At the request of Ms. WARREN, the for children with medically complex S. 727 name of the Senator from Wisconsin conditions and lowering costs, and for At the request of Mr. KING, the name (Ms. BALDWIN) was added as a cospon- other purposes. of the Senator from New Hampshire sor of S. 1109, a bill to require adequate S. 373 (Ms. AYOTTE) was added as a cosponsor information regarding the tax treat- At the request of Mr. RUBIO, the of S. 727, a bill to amend the Internal ment of payments under settlement name of the Senator from Idaho (Mr. Revenue Code of 1986 to include bio- agreements entered into by Federal RISCH) was added as a cosponsor of S. mass heating appliances for tax credits agencies, and for other purposes. 373, a bill to provide for the establish- available for energy-efficient building S. 1119 ment of nationally uniform and envi- property and energy property. At the request of Mr. PETERS, the ronmentally sound standards gov- S. 746 names of the Senator from West Vir- erning discharges incidental to the nor- At the request of Mr. WHITEHOUSE, ginia (Mrs. CAPITO) and the Senator mal operation of a vessel. the names of the Senator from Con- from Michigan (Ms. STABENOW) were S. 389 necticut (Mr. BLUMENTHAL), the Sen- added as cosponsors of S. 1119, a bill to At the request of Ms. HIRONO, the ator from Michigan (Ms. STABENOW), establish the National Criminal Justice name of the Senator from Hawaii (Mr. the Senator from New York (Mrs. Commission. SCHATZ) was added as a cosponsor of S. GILLIBRAND), the Senator from Cali- S. 1121 389, a bill to amend section fornia (Mrs. BOXER), the Senator from At the request of Ms. AYOTTE, the 1111(h)(1)(C)(i) of the Elementary and New York (Mr. SCHUMER), the Senator names of the Senator from Maryland Secondary Education Act of 1965 to re- from Massachusetts (Mr. MARKEY), the (Ms. MIKULSKI), the Senator from Colo- quire that annual State report cards Senator from Illinois (Mr. DURBIN), the rado (Mr. BENNET), the Senator from reflect the same race groups as the de- Senator from Vermont (Mr. LEAHY) and Vermont (Mr. SANDERS), the Senator cennial census of population. the Senator from Virginia (Mr. KAINE) from Indiana (Mr. DONNELLY), the Sen- S. 586 were added as cosponsors of S. 746, a ator from New Jersey (Mr. MENENDEZ), At the request of Mrs. SHAHEEN, the bill to provide for the establishment of the Senator from New Mexico (Mr. name of the Senator from California a Commission to Accelerate the End of HEINRICH), the Senator from Delaware (Mrs. FEINSTEIN) was added as a co- Breast Cancer. (Mr. COONS), the Senator from Wash- sponsor of S. 586, a bill to amend the S. 772 ington (Mrs. MURRAY) and the Senator Public Health Service Act to foster At the request of Mr. CARDIN, the from Wisconsin (Ms. BALDWIN) were more effective implementation and co- name of the Senator from Minnesota added as cosponsors of S. 1121, a bill to ordination of clinical care for people (Mr. FRANKEN) was added as a cospon- amend the Horse Protection Act to des- with pre-diabetes, diabetes, and the sor of S. 772, a bill to secure the Fed- ignate additional unlawful acts under chronic diseases and conditions that eral voting rights of persons when re- the Act, strengthen penalties for viola- result from diabetes. leased from incarceration. tions of the Act, improve Department S. 607 S. 841 of Agriculture enforcement of the Act, At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the At the request of Mrs. ERNST, the and for other purposes. name of the Senator from Colorado names of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. S. 1126 (Mr. GARDNER) was added as a cospon- MORAN), the Senator from South Da- At the request of Mr. COONS, the sor of S. 607, a bill to amend title XVIII kota (Mr. ROUNDS) and the Senator name of the Senator from South Caro- of the Social Security Act to provide from Louisiana (Mr. CASSIDY) were lina (Mr. GRAHAM) was added as a co- for a five-year extension of the rural added as cosponsors of S. 841, a bill to sponsor of S. 1126, a bill to modify and community hospital demonstration expand eligibility for health care under extend the National Guard State Part- program, and for other purposes. the Veterans Access, Choice, and Ac- nership Program. S. 619 countability Act of 2014 to include cer- S. 1148 At the request of Mr. CARDIN, the tain veterans seeking mental health At the request of Mr. NELSON, the name of the Senator from Florida (Mr. care, and for other purposes. names of the Senator from New York

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:47 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A07MY6.014 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S2732 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 7, 2015 (Mrs. GILLIBRAND) and the Senator Whereas the United States has always been dents and communities for the selfless dedi- from New Jersey (Mr. MENENDEZ) were a nation built on the achievements of immi- cation of the teachers to community service added as cosponsors of S. 1148, a bill to grants, and Jewish Americans have strength- and to the futures of the children of the amend title XVIII of the Social Secu- ened the society of the United States and United States; contributed significantly to all areas of life Whereas the purpose of National Teacher rity Act to provide for the distribution in the United States since the time when Appreciation Week, celebrated from May 4 of additional residency positions, and Jewish immigrants first arrived on the through May 8, 2015, is to raise public aware- for other purposes. shores of the United States; ness of the unquantifiable contributions of S. 1188 Whereas the success of Jewish Americans teachers and to promote greater respect and At the request of Mrs. ERNST, the is a reminder of the gift of religious freedom understanding for the teaching profession; name of the Senator from Oklahoma and the importance of strong commitment to and community and faith; Whereas students, schools, communities, (Mr. INHOFE) was added as a cosponsor Whereas 2015 is the 70th anniversary of the and a number of organizations representing of S. 1188, a bill to provide for a tem- end of the Holocaust and honoring the sur- educators are hosting teacher appreciation porary, emergency authorization of de- vivors of the Holocaust and their remarkable events in recognition of National Teacher fense articles, defense services, and re- stories is more important than ever; Appreciation Week: Now, therefore, be it lated training directly to the Whereas much work has been done in di- Resolved, That the Senate thanks the Kurdistan Regional Government, and verse cities such as New York to foster teachers of the United States and promotes for other purposes. transformational social change and unite the profession of teaching by encouraging people of every racial, ethnic, cultural, and students, parents, school administrators, and S. CON. RES. 4 religious background; and public officials to participate in teacher ap- At the request of Mr. BARRASSO, the Whereas countless Jewish Americans and preciation events during National Teacher name of the Senator from West Vir- Jewish organizations have enriched the soci- Appreciation Week. ginia (Mr. MANCHIN) was added as a co- ety of the United States and shaped this f sponsor of S. Con. Res. 4, a concurrent great country, including— SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLU- resolution supporting the Local Radio (1) a Czechoslovakian immigrant who sur- vived the Holocaust as a small child, au- TION 16—STATING THE POLICY Freedom Act. thored an inspiring story of her survival, A OF THE UNITED STATES RE- S. RES. 143 Candle in the Heart, and has devoted her life GARDING THE RELEASE OF At the request of Mr. SCHATZ, the to telling her story to make the world a bet- UNITED STATES CITIZENS IN name of the Senator from Massachu- ter place and stop hatred; IRAN setts (Mr. MARKEY) was added as a co- (2) Jewish Americans who fight for justice on behalf of those least able to defend them- Mr. RISCH (for himself, Mr. CRAPO, sponsor of S. Res. 143, a resolution sup- selves; Mr. RUBIO, Mrs. BOXER, Mr. BLUNT, Ms. porting efforts to ensure that students (3) Jewish Americans who are devoted to STABENOW, Mr. NELSON, Mr. PETERS, have access to debt-free higher edu- advancing civil rights for all people of the Mr. SULLIVAN, Mr. CRUZ, Mr. ISAKSON, cation. United States and promoting intercultural and Mrs. FEINSTEIN) submitted the fol- S. RES. 168 understanding; (4) a Bukharian Chief Rabbi who came to lowing concurrent resolution; which At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the the United States as a young immigrant and was placed on the calendar: names of the Senator from California worked to build the Bukharian American S. CON. RES. 16 (Mrs. BOXER) and the Senator from community from a small group into a vast Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep- North Dakota (Ms. HEITKAMP) were community of over 65,000 members, many of resentatives concurring), added as cosponsors of S. Res. 168, a whom immigrated to the United States seek- SECTION 1. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON RELEASE resolution recognizing National Foster ing a better life free from oppression; and OF UNITED STATES CITIZENS IN Care Month as an opportunity to raise (5) Aish HaTorah International, the largest IRAN. awareness about the challenges of chil- Jewish outreach organization of its kind in (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the fol- the world, which demonstrates that in the lowing findings: dren in the foster care system, and en- United States, people may freely connect couraging Congress to implement pol- (1) Saeed Abedini of Idaho is a Christian with their culture and religious heritage and pastor unjustly detained in Iran since 2012 icy to improve the lives of children in contribute to the fabric of life in the United and sentenced to eight years in prison on the foster care system. States: Now, therefore, be it charges related to his religious beliefs. Resolved, That the Senate— f (2) Amir Hekmati of Michigan is a former (1) recognizes May 2015 as Jewish American United States Marine unjustly detained in SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS Heritage Month and will celebrate Jewish 2011 while visiting his Iranian relatives and American heritage on May 20, 2015; and sentenced to 10 years in prison for espionage. (2) expresses appreciation for the signifi- (3) Jason Rezaian of California is a Wash- SENATE RESOLUTION 174—RECOG- cant contributions made by Jewish Ameri- ington Post journalist credentialed by the cans to the United States of America. NIZING MAY 2015 AS ‘‘JEWISH Government of Iran. He was unjustly de- AMERICAN HERITAGE MONTH’’ f tained in 2014 and has been held without a AND HONORING THE CONTRIBU- SENATE RESOLUTION 175—RECOG- trial. (4) Robert Levinson of Florida is a former TIONS OF JEWISH AMERICANS NIZING THE ROLES AND CON- Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) offi- TO THE UNITED STATES OF TRIBUTIONS OF THE TEACHERS cial who disappeared in 2007 in Iran. He is the AMERICA OF THE UNITED STATES TO longest held United States citizen in United Mr. CASSIDY (for himself, Mr. BUILDING AND ENHANCING THE States history. CIVIC, CULTURAL, AND ECO- (b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy ROUNDS, Mr. ROBERTS, and Mr. INHOFE) of the United States that— submitted the following resolution; NOMIC WELL-BEING OF THE UNITED STATES (1) the Government of the Islamic Republic which was referred to the Committee of Iran should immediately release Saeed on the Judiciary: Ms. COLLINS (for herself, Mr. Abedini, Amir Hekmati, and Jason Rezaian, S. RES. 174 BROWN, Mr. MORAN, Mr. DURBIN, Mr. and cooperate with the United States Gov- Whereas in May of each year, people across CASEY, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. KIRK, Ms. ernment to locate and return Robert the United States recognize and celebrate AYOTTE, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mrs. SHAHEEN, Levinson; and over 350 years of Jewish contributions to the Mr. COONS, Mr. WARNER, Mr. SCHUMER, (2) the United States Government should undertake every effort using every diplo- United States through recognizing Jewish Mr. MURPHY, Ms. BALDWIN, Ms. HIRONO, American Heritage Month; matic tool at its disposal to secure their im- Mr. BOOKER, Ms. WARREN, Mr. HEIN- mediate release. Whereas Congress has a decades-long tradi- RICH, and Mr. MENENDEZ) submitted the f tion of officially recognizing Jewish Amer- following resolution; which was consid- ican heritage. AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED AND Whereas, in the words of President Ronald ered and agreed to: Reagan, ‘‘[a]t this time of year, it is appro- S. RES. 175 PROPOSED priate for all Americans to acknowledge how Whereas education and knowledge provide SA 1216. Mr. RUBIO submitted an amend- much our country has benefitted from the the foundation of the current and future ment intended to be proposed to amendment contributions of American Jews’’; strength of the United States; SA 1140 proposed by Mr. CORKER (for himself Whereas May has been designated Jewish Whereas teachers and other education staff and Mr. CARDIN) to the bill H.R. 1191, to pro- American Heritage Month since 2006; have earned and deserve the respect of stu- vide for congressional review and oversight

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:47 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A07MY6.015 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2733 of agreements relating to Iran’s nuclear pro- SA 1219. Mr. CORKER (for himself COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND gram, and for other purposes; which was or- and Mr. CARDIN) proposed an amend- GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS dered to lie on the table. ment to amendment SA 1140 proposed Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I SA 1217. Mr. RUBIO submitted an amend- by Mr. CORKER (for himself and Mr. ask unanimous consent that the Com- ment intended to be proposed to amendment mittee on Homeland Security and Gov- SA 1140 proposed by Mr. CORKER (for himself CARDIN) to the bill H.R. 1191, to provide and Mr. CARDIN) to the bill H.R. 1191, supra; for congressional review and oversight ernmental Affairs be authorized to which was ordered to lie on the table. of agreements relating to Iran’s nu- meet during the session of the Senate SA 1218. Mr. GARDNER submitted an clear program, and for other purposes; on May 7, 2015, at 9:30 a.m., to conduct amendment intended to be proposed to as follows: a hearing entitled ‘‘Jihad 2.0: Social amendment SA 1140 proposed by Mr. CORKER On page 7, line 17, strike ‘‘the Congress’’ Media in the Next Evolution of Ter- (for himself and Mr. CARDIN) to the bill H.R. and insert ‘‘both Houses of Congress’’. rorist Recruitment.’’ 1191, supra; which was ordered to lie on the On page 7, strike line 24 and insert ‘‘such The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without table. passage.’’. objection, it is so ordered. SA 1219. Mr. CORKER (for himself and Mr. On page 8, line 6, strike ‘‘the Congress’’ and COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY CARDIN) proposed an amendment to amend- insert ‘‘both Houses of Congress’’. ment SA 1140 proposed by Mr. CORKER (for On page 9, between lines 2 and 3, insert the Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I himself and Mr. CARDIN) to the bill H.R. 1191, following: ask unanimous consent that the Com- supra. ‘‘(7) DEFINITION.—In the House of Rep- mittee on the Judiciary be authorized SA 1220. Mr. CORKER proposed an amend- resentatives, for purposes of this subsection, to meet during the session of the Sen- ment to the bill H.R. 1191, supra. the terms ‘‘transmittal,’’ ‘‘transmitted,’’ and ate on May 7, 2015, at 9:30 a.m., in room f ‘‘transmission’’ mean transmittal, trans- SD–226 of the Dirksen Senate Office TEXT OF AMENDMENTS mitted, and transmission, respectively, to Building, to conduct a hearing entitled the Speaker of the House of Representatives. ‘‘S. 1137, the ‘‘PATENT ACT’’—Finding SA 1216. Mr. RUBIO submitted an On page 10, lines 13 and 14, strike ‘‘the Con- amendment intended to be proposed to gress adopts, and there is enacted,’’ and in- Effective Solutions to Address Abusive amendment SA 1140 proposed by Mr. sert ‘‘there is enacted’’. Patent Practices.’’ CORKER (for himself and Mr. CARDIN) to On page 10, lines 17 and 18, strike ‘‘the Con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the bill H.R. 1191, to provide for con- gress adopts, and there is enacted’’ and in- objection, it is so ordered. gressional review and oversight of sert ‘‘there is enacted’’. SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE On page 13, line 17, strike ‘‘enhance’’ and Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I agreements relating to Iran’s nuclear insert ‘‘reduce’’. program, and for other purposes; which On page 17, line 9, strike ‘‘covert action’’ ask unanimous consent that the Select was ordered to lie on the table; as fol- and insert ‘‘covert activities’’. Committee on Intelligence be author- lows: On page 19, strike lines 8 through 17 and in- ized to meet during the session of the On page 28, line 18, insert ‘‘, including any sert the following: Senate on May 7, 2015, at 2:30 p.m. agreed text for any United Nations Security ‘‘(e) EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION OF LEGISLA- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Council resolutions to be considered with re- TION.— objection, it is so ordered. spect to Iran’’ after ‘‘future’’. ‘‘(1) INITIATION.— ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In the event the Presi- f SA 1217. Mr. RUBIO submitted an dent does not submit a certification pursu- amendment intended to be proposed to ant to subsection (d)(6) during each 90-day PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR amendment SA 1140 proposed by Mr. period following the review period provided in subsection (b), or submits a determination Mr. UDALL. Mr. President, I ask CORKER (for himself and Mr. CARDIN) to pursuant to subsection (d)(3) that Iran has unanimous consent that Bianca Ortiz the bill H.R. 1191, to provide for con- materially breached an agreement subject to Wertheim, a member of my staff, be gressional review and oversight of subsection (a) and the material breach has given floor privileges today. agreements relating to Iran’s nuclear not been cured, qualifying legislation intro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without program, and for other purposes; which duced within 60 calendar days of such event objection, it is so ordered. was ordered to lie on the table; as fol- shall be entitled to expedited consideration pursuant to this subsection. lows: f ‘‘(B) DEFINITION.—In the House of Rep- On page 2, line 16, strike ‘‘agreement; and’’ resentatives, for purposes of this paragraph, and insert ‘‘agreement;’’. the terms ‘submit’ and ‘submits’ mean sub- UNANIMOUS CONSENT On page 3, line 15, strike ‘‘purpose.’’ and in- mit and submits, respectively, to the Speak- AGREEMENT—S. CON. RES. 16 sert ‘‘purpose; and’’. er of the House of Representatives. On page 3, between lines 15 and 16, insert Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I the following: Mr. CORKER proposed an ask unanimous consent that S. Con. ‘‘(D) the agreed text or agreed parameters SA 1220. amendment to the bill H.R. 1191, to Res. 16, submitted earlier today, be of any United Nations Security Council reso- placed on the calendar; and that at 5 lutions to be considered with respect to Iran. provide for congressional review and oversight of agreements relating to p.m. on Monday, May 11, the Senate proceed to the immediate consider- SA 1218. Mr. GARDNER submitted an Iran’s nuclear program, and for other amendment intended to be proposed to purposes; as follows: ation of S. Con. Res. 16; that there be 30 amendment SA 1140 proposed by Mr. minutes of debate equally divided in Amend the title so as to read: ‘‘A bill to the usual form and the Senate then CORKER (for himself and Mr. CARDIN) to provide for congressional review and over- the bill H.R. 1191, to provide for con- sight of agreements relating to Iran’s nu- vote on adoption of the concurrent res- gressional review and oversight of clear program, and for other purposes.’’. olution with no intervening action or agreements relating to Iran’s nuclear f debate. program, and for other purposes; which The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO objection, it is so ordered. was ordered to lie on the table; as fol- MEET lows: COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND f On page 15, between lines 18 and 19, insert FORESTRY the following: Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I UNANIMOUS CONSENT ‘‘(L) An assessment of the relationship be- AGREEMENT—H.R. 1314 tween Iran and any country of proliferation ask unanimous consent that the Com- concern, as that term is defined in section mittee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I 1055(g)(2) of the National Defense Authoriza- Forestry be authorized to meet during ask unanimous consent that notwith- tion Act for Fiscal Year 2010 (50 U.S.C. the session of the Senate on May 7, 2015 standing the provisions of rule XXII of 2371(g)(2)), including specifically an assess- at 10 a.m., in room SH–216 of the Hart the Standing Rules of the Senate, the ment of any sharing or transfer of any goods, Senate Office Building, to conduct a cloture vote with respect to the motion materials, technology, or information re- lated to the creation, research, development, hearing entitled ‘‘A Review of Child to proceed to H.R. 1314 occur at 2:30 deployment, or use of dual use material, bal- Nutrition Programs.’’ p.m., Tuesday, May 12. listic missiles, fissile material, nuclear The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without weapons, or related items. objection, it is so ordered. objection, it is so ordered.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:46 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A07MY6.020 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S2734 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 7, 2015 RECOGNIZING THE ROLES AND The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without I suggest the absence of a quorum. CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE TEACH- objection, it is so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ERS OF THE UNITED STATES f clerk will call the roll. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I The senior assistant legislative clerk REMEMBERING LIEUTENANT proceeded to call the roll. ask unanimous consent that the Sen- COLONEL ROBERT L. HITE ate proceed to the consideration of S. Mr. SESSIONS. Mr. President, I ask Mr. COTTON. Fellow Members, today Res. 175, submitted earlier today. unanimous consent that the order for I recognize a distinguished American The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the quorum call be rescinded. hero, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Hite clerk will report the resolution by The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of Camden, AK, who died last month at title. objection, it is so ordered. The legislative clerk read as follows: the age of 95. Mr. SESSIONS. I see my colleague, Just months after the attack on the Senator from Delaware. I know he A resolution (S. Res. 175) recognizing the Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941, a roles and contributions of the teachers of the asked for time. I didn’t ask for time set United States to building and enhancing the group of courageous young pilots flew aside for myself. civic, cultural, and economic well-being of Army Air Forces bombers off the deck I suggest the absence of a quorum. the United States. of the USS Hornet in the Pacific Ocean The PRESIDING OFFICER. The There being no objection, the Senate to carry out a dangerous, low-altitude clerk will call the roll. proceeded to consider the resolution. bombing attack on Japan’s home is- The senior assistant legislative clerk Mr. MCCONNELL. I ask unanimous lands. The Doolittle Raid provided an proceeded to call the roll. consent that the resolution be agreed enormous morale boost for Americans Mr. SESSIONS. Mr. President, I ask to, the preamble be agreed to, and the with a crushing blow to the imperial unanimous consent that the order for motions to reconsider be laid upon the regime in Tokyo. the quorum call be rescinded. table with no intervening action or de- Among these brave men was an Ar- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without bate. kansan, Colonel Robert L. Hite. Colo- objection, it is so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without nel Hite had enlisted as an aviation Mr. SESSIONS. I appreciate Senator objection, it is so ordered. cadet on September 9, 1940. He was CARPER, and I know he asked for time, The resolution (S. Res. 175) was later commissioned as a second lieu- so I will yield for his remarks. tenant and rated as a pilot on May 29, agreed to. f The preamble was agreed to. 1941. Almost bumped from the mission (The resolution, with its preamble, is because of space limitations, Colonel PUBLIC SERVICE RECOGNITION printed in today’s RECORD under ‘‘Sub- Hite was assigned as a copilot ulti- WEEK mitted Resolutions.’’) mately to the B–25 ‘‘Bat Out of Hell.’’ TRIBUTE TO ADAM SCHILDGE AND MIA BEERS He rejected his fellow airmen’s at- f The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tempts to buy his spot on the plane and ORDERS FOR MONDAY, MAY 11, ator from Delaware. launched his mission on April 19, 1942. Mr. CARPER. I thank my colleague 2015 Lieutenant Colonel Hite’s aircraft for his graciousness. I told him I would Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I successfully carried out a low-level speak for 10 minutes. It is usually bombing run on an aircraft factory and ask unanimous consent that when the about 10 hours, but I only have 10 min- fuel depot in Nagoya, Japan, but in- Senate completes its business today, it utes. clement weather forced the crew to adjourn until 3 p.m., Monday, May 11; Mr. President, I rise today on the bail out over Japanese-controlled terri- that following the prayer and pledge, Senate floor to recognize the efforts of tory as their plane ran low on fuel. the morning hour be deemed expired, many of our Nation’s public servants. Lieutenant Colonel Hite landed in a the Journal of proceedings be approved Since 1985, the very first week of May Japanese rice paddy field, where he was to date, and the time for the two lead- has been dedicated to highlighting the captured and sentenced to execution. ers be reserved for their use later in millions of hard-working Americans the day; that following any leader re- Lieutenant Colonel Hite served 40 months in a Japanese prison—38 of who serve our Nation as Federal em- marks, the Senate be in a period of ployees, State employees, county and morning business, with Senators per- them in solitary confinement—where he was tortured and endured brutal local government employees, and mem- mitted to speak therein for up to 10 bers of the uniformed services, which I minutes each. conditions. Following V–J Day, Lieu- tenant Colonel Hite was freed on Au- have been privileged to be one for some The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without 23 years. objection, it is so ordered. gust 20, 1945. He returned home and married his first wife Portia 1 year This week marks the 30th annual f later. Public Service Recognition Week and PROGRAM Lieutenant Colonel Hite later re- serves as an important opportunity for those here in the Senate to show our Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, turned to active service, training pilots appreciation for their dedication and Senators should expect a vote in rela- overseas during the Korean war from service to our community and to our tion to S. Con. Res. 16, at 5:30 p.m. on 1951 to 1955. After leaving Active Duty, Nation. Monday. he and Portia moved home to Camden, Throughout my time in public office, f AR, where he managed the Camden Hotel until 1965. including during my time on the Home- ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT Lieutenant Colonel Hite was widowed land Security and Governmental Af- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, if in 1999 and later married his late wife, fairs Committee, which I have been a there is no further business to come be- Dorothy. member of now for about 14 years and fore the Senate, I ask unanimous con- Lieutenant Colonel Hite is survived which I chaired for the last 2 years, I sent that it stand adjourned under the by two children, five grandchildren, have had the great pleasure of meeting previous order, following the remarks seven great-grandchildren, and two with any number of dedicated and ac- of Senators COTTON and CARPER. great-great-grandchildren. complished public servants. In talking The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without On April 18, just 2 weeks after his with them, I have been able to learn objection, it is so ordered. death, and the 73rd anniversary of the more about their work, more about Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Doolittle Raid, Lieutenant Colonel their families, learn more about their suggest the absence of a quorum. Hite and his fellow soldiers were post- commitment to public service that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The humously awarded the Congressional they share with all of us. clerk will call the roll. Gold Medal of Honor. Today, I would like to take a couple The legislative clerk proceeded to Arkansans young and old and all minutes to highlight the outstanding call the roll. Americans can appreciate Lieutenant service of some of our public servants Mr. COTTON. Mr. President, I ask Colonel Hite’s service to his family, his across our Federal Government. In unanimous consent that the order for community, and his Nation—a fine ex- these cases, their extraordinary service the quorum call be rescinded. ample for us all to emulate. has directly impacted the lives of the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:05 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.050 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2735 Americans they serve. In fact, the two According to Adam, he took the posi- cording to Mia, it was all because of— individuals I plan to highlight today tion in public service because it was— these are her words—‘‘the dedication are finalists for something called the these are his words—‘‘the greatest op- and passion and knowledge’’ of the peo- Samuel J. Heyman Service to America portunity to impact communities.’’ He ple who she worked with. Medals that are awarded by the Part- went on to say: ‘‘I’ve always known I Not long ago I was with Department nership for Public Service each year. wanted to work for the public good and of Homeland Security Deputy Sec- As you may know, on October 29, I’ve found a good way now to give back retary Alejandro Mayorkas, meeting 2012—at least we know in Delaware, to communities across the country.’’ with some Department of Homeland New Jersey, and New York— Those are his words. Security employees at a roundtable. Superstorm Sandy made landfall in the Our Nation’s public servants are The roundtable was focused on employ- United States. Its impact up and down making a difference across the globe ees and improving the employee mo- the east coast was, in a word, dev- too. rale. During that meeting, he reiter- astating. In another word, it was heart- As the Presiding Officer may remem- ated the profound impact that each breaking. New York, New Jersey, and ber, less than a year ago, a deadly epi- employee has on his or her agency and parts of New England were hit particu- demic of the Ebola virus gripped Sierra the mission. All told—Ali Mayorkas larly hard. My home State of Delaware Leone, Liberia, Guinea, and Mali. The told the story of an employee at NASA was hit hard, too. Widespread flooding severity and scale of the outbreak was headquarters who was working late one caused severe damage to many homes an unprecedented challenge to the night into the morning hours. The em- and businesses. Our transportation in- worldwide public health community. ployee finally gathered himself to frastructure suffered, too. Roads and The rapid spread of the outbreak re- leave, and he came across a custodian bridges were damaged or washed out, minded us that deadly and infectious mopping the floors. He asked the em- hurting commerce and transportation diseases know no borders. ployee: What do you do? and cutting off access to hospitals, It also sent us an important reminder The custodian who was mopping the schools, and work. to remember the parable of the Good floors replied: I am putting a man on What we learned through the dif- Samaritan, that we should love our the moon. ficult recovery that followed is that neighbors as ourselves. JEFF, my Think about that. I am putting a sound and effective mitigation policies friend, Senator SESSIONS over here, man on the moon. Every day that cus- should be thoroughly calculated into knows the Bible pretty well. He recalls todian went to work thinking he was any recovery effort. Through mitiga- in the New Testament where some of part of an important mission. The tion, we can get better results, save the pharisees are trying to trick Jesus. same is true for employees across the money, and save lives. They asked him a question. They said: Federal Government in its various Following Superstorm Sandy, Con- What is the greatest commandment of agencies. These dedicated and hard- gress passed an almost $11 billion spe- all? working public servants are just two cial transportation appropriations bill. Jesus responded: It is not just one; among the hundreds of thousands who A large portion of that funding—rough- there are two. The first is to love the are making a difference in the lives of ly one-third of it, $3.6 billion—was to Lord thy God with all our heart, all our their fellow Americans every day. be used for something called resilience soul, all our mind. And then he said: I want to encourage us all to visit a grants dedicated to protecting the in- The second great commandment is to Web site that is called the Partnership frastructure repaired after Sandy. love thy neighbor as thyself. for Public Service to learn more stories A fellow named Adam Schildge— The pharisees said: Well, who is our about some outstanding public serv- Adam Schildge—senior program ana- neighbor? He told them the parable of ants and public employees. Today and lyst at the Federal Transit Administra- the Good Samaritan. That is where we every day, I want to thank these em- tion in Washington, DC, was a key come up with that. But in the spirit of ployees—we ought to thank these em- player in developing, implementing, the Good Samaritan—and the story ployees—for their service, their humble and managing a competitive grant pro- goes back a couple of thousand years— service, their selfless service to our Na- gram to distribute those $3.6 billion in thousands of public servants were dis- tion. I hope they all know how impor- resilience funds. Those grants, once patched to battle Ebola at its epi- tant their work is—everything you do awarded, supported construction center, on the ground in Africa. in this work across our country and projects that will reduce the cost to A woman named Mia Beers—there around the world and that you know taxpayers in cleaning up after future she is. Mia Beers was one of those cou- what brings joy to you. storms. They will also reduce the num- rageous public servants. As the Direc- Let me close with this, if I could. I ber of lives and properties lost from tor of the Humanitarian Policy and say through the Presiding Officer to powerful natural disasters. Global Engagement Division at the my friend Senator SESSIONS: I was As you can imagine, the task as- U.S. Agency for International Develop- reading earlier this week in the news- signed to him—here is Adam right ment, Mia led the U.S. Ebola Disaster clips that come to me from my staff— here, Adam Schildge—the task as- Assistance Response Team into the epi- I was reading the results of an inter- signed to Adam was not an easy one. center of the epidemic in Monrovia, Li- view, I think, from interviews with His mission was critical. His mission, beria. maybe 1,500 very senior-level Federal basically, was to identify projects that, On the ground, Mia synchronized the employees. They were basically being if funded, would get better results, save efforts of thousands of public health asked: How do you like your job? A lot money, and save lives. In order to de- and emergency response workers across of them, frankly, reported they did not termine what projects should receive five different Federal agencies. Under have the sense of satisfaction that they funding, Adam meticulously combed her leadership, the response team of- really had hoped for and expected they through grant application after grant fered training support and contact would have. application to assess the resilience of tracing to better protect health work- They were asked: If something could planned infrastructure projects. ers in close contact with this deadly change that would make you feel bet- When I think of ‘‘resilience,’’ I think disease. ter about the work you do and people’s about how we save money in the future She also worked closely with the appreciation of the work you do, what in the event that we have a storm of State Department to strategize re- would help the most? that nature again. And, believe me, we sponse efforts in real time, including The first question they asked them will. Because of Adam’s painstaking at- ways to inform vulnerable populations was this: How about more pay? How tention to detail, eye for innovation, about the disease as quickly and effi- about more of this or more of that? Be- and his dedication to the lives at stake ciently as possible. lieve it or not, what most of them said during future storms, Adam was able According to Mia’s colleagues, her they would like to have more of was to grant funding to transportation robust leadership and coordination just to be thanked. For somebody to projects that will serve all Americans helped to steer the worldwide response say: The work that you do is impor- for generations to come and to endure out of the crisis mode and to stem the tant. We are grateful as a nation that the forces of extreme weather. tide of the deadly global outbreak. Ac- you do this.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:47 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.055 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S2736 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 7, 2015 That is something all of us can do. I trading partners have interests, and out amendment. Fast-track, which pro- had a conversation here on the floor, I our trading partners are far more mer- ponents hope to adopt within days, would say to Senator SESSIONS, with JIM cantile, far more focused on increasing also ensure that these agreements—none of which of have yet been made public—could INHOFE, our colleague from Oklahoma. exports to foreign countries—to the pass with a simple majority vote, rather He talked about the TSA employees. biggest market in the world, the than the 67 votes applied to treaties or the 60 When he flies home, back to Oklahoma, United States—and far more focused on votes applied to important legislative mat- and flies out of here, either through blocking imports that would compete ters. Reagan—probably Reagan and on to against locally manufactured products This is one of the largest international Dallas and to Tulsa. He has gotten to than the United States has been pro- compacts in the history of the United States. know the TSA employees there. I think ducing. [It amounts to 40 percent of global GDP.] he makes a habit of thanking them for Some say: Well, that is not a prob- Yet, this agreement will be kept a closely- lem. The United States is smarter in guarded secret until after Congress agrees to the work they do for all of us. yield its institutional powers and provide the I try to do the same sort of thing the long run. But I would say I am administration with a guaranteed ‘‘fast- when I travel around the country. I looking at this more carefully now. track’’ to adoption. bump into Coast Guard folks or other I voted for the Korea agreement. Our In other words, we are going to agree people, especially those who are associ- Korean allies are good people. It is a in advance, before we see the com- ated with the Department of Homeland great country. They achieved so much pleted deal, before it is made public, to Security. It is an easy thing to do, just after the Korean war, and we are proud allow this agreement to pass into effect say thank you for the work they do on of them. We have many positive rela- without the ability to have any amend- behalf of all of us—especially if we tell tionships and a fabulous Hyundai plant ment to it or to fully understand it. them who we are. They will appreciate in my State. It hires thousands, and I think that is a big ask of Congress. it, and it will make a difference in they have suppliers that add thousands It has always been problematic to use their lives, and maybe even a dif- of jobs also. this fast-track procedure. I have voted ference in their performance going for- What about that agreement? I sup- for trade agreements which were fast- ward. Thank you so much. God bless. ported it. I thought it was a good tracked, I acknowledge, in the past, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- agreement. It passed here by a substan- and maybe they have helped us some. ator from Alabama. tial vote. But when you look at it, it But I do believe it is time for us to be Mr. SESSIONS. Mr. President, we didn’t work out as well as people said. a lot more careful today with the trade have a lot of good people in the Senate, The U.S. Federal Trade Commis- agreements that we sign and ask a lot and Senator CARPER is one of the best. sion—our own trade commission—esti- more rigorously what impact it will He does, indeed, live by the Golden mated that the reduction of Korean have on working Americans, not just Rule, and it is an inspiration to us—as tariffs against our exports to Korea some capital group in the canyons of I have told him more than once—when and tariff rate quotas on goods alone Wall Street. we have had hot debate in the Senate. would have added at least $10 billion to So I continued to write: He always keeps his good nature, his annual exports to Korea. That is $10 The U.S. ran a record $51.4 billion trade loving spirit, and always sets a good billion. Well, last year, three years deficit in March. example. after the agreement was passed, we That is a record first quarter, I be- I say thank you to Senator CARPER. didn’t export $10 billion; we exported lieve. It was a six-year record this year It is appropriate to thank Federal em- less than $1 billion to Korea—$0.8 bil- for the trade deficit. That means the ployees for their work. Not counting lion. So that is a very huge difference, amount we export is vastly exceeded by the Army Reserve time, I have quite a while at the same time Korea’s imports the amount we import—$51.4 billion. few years myself in Federal service and to the United States have surged and Economists tell us—and I don’t think love the people I have had the honor to the trade deficit the United States had there is any dispute—that when you work with. with Korea, which was already large, are evaluating trade growth you have I ask that I be allowed to speak as in has almost doubled in that time. to subtract trade deficits since they morning business. So I appreciate the complexity of the are a negative to growth. So our trade The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without issue and want to talk about it. deficits are pulling down growth in objection. As we wrestle with how we continue America. They are pulling down job f with this situation with the TPP, trade creation. They are pulling down wage TRADE PROMOTION AUTHORITY promotion authority, I ask my col- growth. They are pulling down our leagues about some of the questions we Mr. SESSIONS. Mr. President, we economy. ought to consider. I know there is a I continue to quote: will be dealing soon—I guess next goal to move this thing forward fast This is especially concerning since, in 2011, week—with trade promotion authority rather than slow. The faster we get it and the Trans-Pacific Partnership assurances were made from the Administra- done, the fewer questions that get tion that the recent South Korea free trade trade agreement, the TPP. Conven- asked, and we have fewer problems. deal would ‘‘increase exports of American tional wisdom is that trade agreements But that is not our problem. That is goods by $10 billion to $11 billion.’’ But, in are good. We should just move them not our duty. fact, American domestic exports to Korea in- forward. Let’s have an expedited fast- I wrote President Obama a letter yes- creased by only $0.8 billion, an increase of 1.8 track process—a fast-track agreement terday. I made some comments and percent, while imports from Korea increased with the TPA—and we will get this asked some questions that I believe are $12.6 billion, an increase of 22.5 percent. done and it is going to work out well reasonable and fair questions to ask be- So, in other words, imports from for the American people. fore we vote on this agreement that he Korea to the United States increased But in truth, I have to say, since I has been negotiating but that, of $12.6 billion. Our exports to them in- voted for every trade agreement, one course, hasn’t completed the negotia- creased less than $1 billion. virtually every year since I have been tions on. And, to the extent to which it Continuing: here—except one—the data doesn’t give has been reduced to writing, which is Our trade deficit with Korea increased $11.8 us much confidence that a loosely only partial, it is locked up in secret, billion between 2011 and 2014, an increase of drawn or improperly drawn agreement and we are able to view it only pri- 80.4 percent, nearly doubling in the three years since the deal was ratified. is going to help us. In fact, evidence in- vately. We are not allowed to quote it dicates it is not helping us. It is not or copy it to let the public know what And we were promised the other. We helping the economy of the United is in it. were promised it would enhance, dra- States. It is not helping growth. Some I asked him: matically, exports. I continue: of these agreements have clearly exac- Overall, we have already lost more than 2.1 You have asked Congress to approve fast- million manufacturing jobs to the Asian Pa- erbated our trade deficit. track legislation (Trade Promotion Author- cific region since 2001. So it is a remarkable thing, and we ity) that would allow international trade and want to believe in trade, and I do, but regulatory agreements to be expedited Look, we know there are wage advan- the United States has interests, our through Congress for the next six years with- tages in Asia, but wages are going up

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:47 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.053 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE May 7, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2737 in a lot of Asian countries too. It is said—Central American countries, such make your life better. But the Amer- getting closer, and we have an advan- as Honduras, El Salvador. Those coun- ican people are not seeing that. tage on better management. We have tries that have been developing a tex- Another poll asked the question: advantages on better infrastructure, tile industry may find themselves un- What about the effect of the free-trade and we have advantages on better en- dercut by Vietnam under this agree- agreements on wages the American ergy prices. So this is a huge loss to us. ment. people make. At some point we have to defend our 3. Regarding jobs and wages: Will TPP in- This is the question: American working people’s interest. crease or reduce the total number of manu- Free trade agreements are treaties be- I write: facturing jobs in the United States gen- tween countries reducing trade barriers, Former Nucor Steel Chairman Daniel erally, and American auto-manufacturing such as reducing tariffs for imported goods, DiMicco argues that we have not been en- jobs specifically, accounting for jobs lost to agreeing to common standards and allowing gaged in free trade but in ‘‘unilateral trade increased imports? Will average hourly market access to foreign companies. Do you disarmament and enablement of foreign mer- wages for U.S. workers, including in the think the United States making free trade cantilism.’’ automobile industry, go up or down and by agreements with other countries increases or how much? decreases the level of wages paid in the In other words, our agreements with United States or makes no difference? trade have not overcome our trading Let’s have a report on that. Shouldn’t we know that? They asked this of the American peo- competitors, our trading partners’ de- ple. This is a YouGov poll. sire to maximize their exports and 4. Regarding China: Can TPP member countries add new countries, including Answer: Increases the level of wages minimize their imports from us. We paid in the United States—11 percent. have to be honest about that; it is not China, to the agreement without future Con- gressional approval? Now, we are told repeatedly: Oh, we theory. Simply eliminating tariffs does Some say it can’t be done. Let’s have need to sign these trade agreements. It not solve the problem. History tells us is going to make your wages go up. It that. a clear answer to that. At first glance, it would appear that is possible. is going to be good for everybody. So I continue to President Obama: Don’t we hear that? And I have hoped Due to the enormity of what is at stake, I 5. Regarding foreign workers, TPA is a 6- that would be true, but only 11 percent believe it is essential Congress have answers year authority to the President of the United States to negotiate trade deals. He of the American people think trade to the following questions before any vote is agreements have moved their wages up. scheduled on ‘‘fast-track’’ authority. can submit them to the Congress, and these 1. Regarding the ‘‘Living Agreement″: agreements can be passed without amend- What about the answer to the other There is a ‘‘living agreement’’ provision in ment in a simple majority vote. So this is a part of that question. Decreases the TPP that allows the agreement to be 6-year authority which concludes into the fu- wages paid in the United States—34 changed after adoption—in effect, vesting ture. We have had President Clinton, Presi- percent. TPP countries with a sweeping new form of dent Bush, President whoever—Rubio, Cruz So by more than a 3-to-1 majority global governance authority. TPP calls this or whoever could be our President. So it the American people believe that trade new global authority the ‘‘Trans-Pacific would have that authority. agreements over the last 20 years are Partnership Commission.’’ These measures Finally, I asked whether the adminis- decreasing the level of wages in the are unprecedented. tration can state unconditionally that United States rather than increasing We have not had anything like a liv- no agreement or Executive action, them. Nineteen percent say it makes ing agreement in a trade agreement be- throughout the lifetime of TPA, will no difference and one-third say they do fore. alter the number, duration, avail- not know. Continuing: ability, expiration enforcement, rules We have to consider, colleagues, what While I and other lawmakers have been or processing time of guest worker, is it that is happening. How is it this able to view this provision in secret [the business, visitor, nonimmigrant or im- might be happening? Because, in the- chamber downstairs], I believe it must be migrant visas to the United States. ory, comparative advantage doctrine made public before any vote is scheduled on I think those are fair questions. I means that multiple countries can ben- TPA, due to the extraordinary implications. think we need to have answers to those efit from trade agreements. I acknowl- I think it ought to be reviewed by before we vote on TPA, but I can tell edge that theory and believe it is fun- independent scholars, lawyers, trade you what the American people think. damentally valid, but let’s take a tre- experts, to help us decide just what we There have been some studies that say mendous trading partner such as are doing when we allow, apparently, large numbers of people tend to be Japan. We have a tremendous trading the members who signed this agree- right when they express an opinion on relationship, where billions of dollars ment to meet at any point in time to things. are exchanging hands between our adjust the meaning of the agreement This is Mr. Frank Luntz—I believe it countries every year, and that will be and the provisions of the deal in order is his poll. He asked this question on covered by this trade agreement— to adjust to changing circumstances. It international trade. ‘‘Do free trade Japan. So what do we find? We find is kind of like what the Supreme Court agreements the United States has that we have a 2.5-percent tariff on im- has been doing to our Constitution. signed with other countries over the ported Japanese automobiles to the 2. Regarding trade deficits— past 2 decades benefit other countries United States and a 25-percent tariff on I asked this question, colleagues. or the United States?’’ the import of light trucks into the Isn’t it a fair question to ask, when we That is a simple question. He asked United States from Japan. are asked to vote for this fast track— the American people: What do you I didn’t know the numbers were that Will TPP increase or reduce our cumu- think? Do these agreements we have high, but it is as a result of various lative trade deficit with TPP countries over- passed over the last 20 years—and I events that occurred over time where all, and with Japan and Vietnam specifi- voted for a lot of them in the last 18 retaliation took place. cally? years I have been here—are they bene- What about Japanese tariffs on auto- I want to know that. Don’t you want fiting other countries or the United mobiles going to Japan. There are to know whether or not we are going to States? This is what the American peo- none. Japan does not have tariffs on increase our deficit in trade with these ple say: Seventy percent say it benefits automobiles going into Japan. Yet we member countries, in particular Japan other countries. Only 30 percent say it have a huge trade deficit with Japan. and Vietnam, where we can expect real benefits the United States. Why is this happening? It is because of problems in the future, it seems to me? I think people are deeply skeptical nontariff trade barriers, institutional By the way, by far the biggest trade about what we have been doing regard- matters, and the like. partner in our economy is the Japanese ing trade, and it is easy to dismiss One of the biggest is that it is very economy, in this agreement. Vietnam, their concerns and their skepticism, to difficult in Japan to get an automobile with 100 million people, has the poten- say they are just not knowledgeable dealership up and operating effectively. tial to become a small China, as one and we know more and that this move- Hyundai has tried to do it and failed. expert said, and really be, very much, a ment of capital from New York, to Bei- You can’t get a distribution network competitor to the textile industry, jing, to Seoul, to Japan, to Chile is just for vehicles. Maybe there is a cultural hurting—most of all, one expert has fine and wonderful and it is going to loyalty in Japan that makes people far

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:47 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G07MY6.057 S07MYPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S2738 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 7, 2015 more likely to buy a Japanese auto- There being no objection, the mate- closing the borders to trade, but balancing mobile than a foreign automobile. rial was ordered to be printed in the trade flows over time. The seminal econo- There are other factors. RECORD, as follows: mist David Ricardo envisioned balanced So the TPP, as written, will do noth- trade over time, as did the drafters of the [From Forbes, Dec. 16, 2014] General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ing that advances the export of U.S. ‘FAST TRACK’ TO NOWHERE: CONGRESS (GATT). automobiles to Japan because those ex- SHOULDN’T GIVE OBAMA POWER TO RAM Free trade was crafted as an antidote to ports into Japan have been reduced THROUGH TPP mercantilism, not an enabler of it. substantially through nontariff bar- (By Daniel DiMicco) MARKETS VERSUS MERCANTILISM riers. Got it? Those nontariff barriers If the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) There is a twisted ideological school that are not fixed in this agreement, but we trade and global governance agreement has promotes unilateral American trade disar- are going to be reducing ours. any chance at passage, it will require the mament. The trade disarmament advocates One expert who negotiated with usual alliance of Wall Street Democrats and naively convince themselves that foreign Japan for President Ronald Reagan, Wall Street Republicans. Disgruntled citi- mercantilism is irrelevant and the basic Clyde Prestowitz, who opposes this zens voted to ‘‘throw the bums out’’ because trade principle of reciprocity can be ignored. they were not delivering jobs and prosperity. Big Government market intervention by agreement and who has written a book Yet there is a danger that President Obama on trade, says there is no doubt we are other countries is just fine even as Big Gov- and the Republican leadership did not get ernment here is bad. going to have an increase in our trade the message. President Reagan gave a speech that estab- deficit with Japan. The Obama administration may soon be lished the principle of ‘‘free and fair trade Now, look, I don’t have a hard feeling enabled by some in the GOP to pass the with free and fair traders.’’ More specifi- about Japan. In fact, they are fabulous globalists’ biggest wish: ‘‘fast-track’’ trade cally, he established the 3 R’s: Rules, Reci- allies. They are putting up money to authority on the road to the massively mis- procity and Results. help in mutual defense. We have Honda guided Trans-Pacific Partnership. ‘‘Rules’’ mean that the trade must be rules It has made for titillating journalism to based and every nation should follow them. and Toyota automobile companies in speculate on how these strange bedfellows my home State of Alabama, and I am ‘‘Reciprocity’’ meant that there will be a re- will overcome opposition from blue collar ciprocal reduction in tariffs, quotas and proud of what they do. But we are not Republicans and Democrats, and the frac- other barriers rather than one-sized reduc- going to see an increase in exports to tiousness of the current Congress, to collabo- tion. ‘‘Results,’’ the point forgotten most, Japan unless some things are changed rate on further gutting America’s productive meant that America must gain a net benefit other than the tariff, and, in fact, they supply chains through unilateral trade disar- from trade arrangements rather than being are not changing the tariff because it is mament and enablement of foreign mer- taken advantage of. already at zero. cantilism. The kumbaya trade agreement The Wall Street Republican and Democrat cheerleader crowd has convinced itself that Well, maybe that is why the theories ‘‘free traders’’ are not pursuing free trade at 40 years of trade deficits don’t matter, even all. They are practicing ‘‘mercantilism ena- don’t always work as well as they are as the shrinkage of GDP growth has rendered projected to work. bling’’ trade. They want a deal that says the U.S. a dwindling superpower teetering on ‘‘free trade’’ on the front cover even as the Mr. Dan Dimicco, whom I mentioned the brink of second class economy status. actual text incentivizes and enables scores of earlier, an outspoken commentator on MISUNDERSTANDING TRADE creative mercantilist tactics. the issues relating to trade—lived with The left-right Wall Street alliance of TPP Modern mercantilism is not tariffs or it and is the chairman emeritus of cheerleaders relies upon a fundamental mis- quotas. It is not Smoot-Hawley. Foreign cur- Nucor Steel today—wrote a very valu- understanding of trade, its role in the world rency manipulation, via domestic currency able piece in Forbes magazine back in and its role in economic growth. National in- controls or government intervention in for- December in which he discussed the come accounting makes it clear that gross eign exchange markets, is a massive problem trade deals and problems that oc- domestic product is the sum of four factors: undertaken by many countries, some of those countries are part of the TPP negotia- curred. He goes through virtually every consumption, investment, government pro- curement and net trade (exports minus im- tions. While the communist government in issue that is raised in these discussions ports). China is the poster child for using competi- and presents a contrary view to con- That’s net trade—not gross trade. In other tive currency devaluation to gain a trade ad- ventional wisdom. words, net exports increase our economic vantage, South Korea, Japan and Singapore I really think we have to listen to size while net imports shrink it. This is not do it as well. The WTO includes a provision some of this. We can’t just blithely go a liberal plot, or a Tea Party plot, or a pro- prohibiting countries from ‘‘frustrating’’ the by and pretend that the American peo- tectionist plot. It is basic and intent of the agreement with exchange rate ple, by more than a 2-to-1 margin, are uncontroversial economic math that the actions. But that provision has been ignored to the detriment of the global trading sys- all wrong about salaries and wages TPP cheerleaders either don’t understand or don’t want to. tem, the global monetary system and the US when, in fact, I think the record will In 2013, the U.S. economy amounted to standard of living. show that wages have dropped as these $16.8 trillion. Consumption was about 68% of Tariff reductions are often replaced by in- trading agreements have increased. GDP. Investment was about 16%. Govern- creased consumption taxes, which are From 2009 until today, we have had a ment procurement was about 19%. But net charged at the border, in other countries. net decline of family income of $3,000 trade subtracted about 3% from our economy After NAFTA, Mexico enacted a 15% value in the United States. Wages are down (because imports exceeded exports). This added tax which is applied to all U.S. exports since the 1970s. The percentage of shrinkage is cumulative, compounding year there. The border tax replaced the Mexican after year. tariff reductions. The Central American Free Americans actually with a job who are America is the picture of an unbalanced Trade Agreement (CAFTA) countries gen- in the working years is the lowest we economy, disproportionately relying upon erally enacted a new 12% consumption tax to have had since the 1970s. Wages have unsustainable consumption. Investment is replace their tariff reductions. So American declined basically since the year 2000. too small, and should be 4% to 6% higher. companies still pay similar tariff/tax We have had virtually no increase in Net trade should add to our economy, or at amounts at their border. wages since that time. least not subtract from it. Consumption State-owned enterprises are modern forms So what is it that is happening that should increase in absolute terms, but should of epic industrial subsidization. Over 50% of is allowing the stock market to go up be a smaller percentage of our economy. Chinese industry is state owned. Tele- Stated another way, we need to produce communications, steel, shipbuilding, etc. are and business profits to go up but wages more of what we consume. Right now we state-owned enterprises. They receive free or are not? We have had a decline in man- underproduce and engage in debt-driven con- low cost land, credit, energy and other in- ufacturing. The numbers are unmistak- sumption. We live beyond our means. Invest- puts. Production decisions are not driven by able, and a large part of this is foreign ment is down below sustainable levels. We market forces so much as by government bu- competition. are slouching towards Gomorrah. We must reaucrats. Pricing decisions are made to un- Colleagues, the time has come when produce more to employ people and grow dercut U.S. or global competitors and gain we should enter into no trade agree- wealth so that we can export more (on a net market share rather than by supply and de- ment—not one—in which we lose a sin- basis), save more and engage in income-driv- mand. en consumption. A basic principle of trade agreements is gle job in this country as a result of Thus, the battle is not between free traders that countries should not engage in actions unfair competition. and protectionists, as the beltway think that ‘‘nullify or impair’’ the benefits the Mr. DiMicco goes on at length. I ask tanks and pundits often assert. It is between contracting parties bargained for. But the unanimous consent to have his article misguided Gross Traders and factually accu- U.S. has not enforced those provisions, they printed in the RECORD. rate Net Traders. It is not about opening or are hard to enforce in existing agreements,

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They have been found to be Deprived of past economic success to base not think they agreed to a treaty that pro- manipulating their currency year after their argument upon, a recent Cato Institute hibited them from identifying where their year. The Treasury makes it clear, but article engages in grade school name calling food comes from. against those on the right and the left who the Treasury has taken no action to do Contrary to conventional wisdom, it’s an oppose fast-track trade authority and recy- anything about it. As a result, good open question as to whether a majority of cled trade deals like the TPP. The attempt American people have lost jobs, had economists or politicians would support at character assassination by association is their factories closed and their towns modern trade and global governance deals if an unfortunate substitute for real data. they actually read them. The debate be- and communities damaged economi- Even as the economy suffers from over- comes twisted into the low-brow rhetoric of cally by unfair trade. We have enough financialization, deindustrialization, debt- free trade versus protectionism. Or by ideo- trouble competing in the world mar- driven consumption and asset bubbles, the logical name calling. Or by the identity poli- ket. We don’t need to have the unfair Wall Street TPP cheerleaders advocate a so- tics of ‘‘this group could be working with lution in more flawed trade and global gov- trade. that group, which is a very bad thing.’’ ernance deals. Never mind that we now have I thank the Chair for allowing me to America became great by becoming an eco- the WTO and bilateral agreements with more share these remarks. I don’t pretend to nomic superpower. We innovated, we built countries than ever. Never mind that they know all the answers. I try to be sup- supply chains based upon that innovation, predicted an economic nirvana that never we employed and paid people well, we cre- portive of trade. I remain supportive of materialized when promoting those prior ated wealth, we built the first durable mid- trade. But I think we need to listen to agreements. dle class in the world. That gave us cash to the American people a little bit. I don’t The medicine didn’t work. So the solution not only improve our standard of living, but think their concerns are unfounded. By is to take more medicine. also to build the world’s dominant military. The Tea Party groups that oppose fast- a more than 2-to-1 margin, they say We thus became the sole global superpower. track trade authority do so for core con- these trade agreements have advan- Modern fast-track legislation began with stitutional reasons as well. Article I, Section taged our competitors rather than us. the Trade Act of 1974. We have had 40 years 8 of the U.S. Constitution gives Congress the It is time for us to make sure that if of trade deficits shrinking our economy ever authority to conduct trade policy. Congress, since. It has been a net detriment rather we do a trade agreement or trade pro- in the past, typically passed bills designating than a net benefit. It is time to focus upon motion authority, the product that is the countries to negotiate with and man- true free trade with rules, reciprocity and re- going to be passed into law and become dated the goals. Congress chose the countries sults, while fighting the increasing scourge a worldwide trade agreement serves the to negotiate with, set goals, oversaw the ne- of global mercantilism. We must seek bal- gotiations, and did not pre-approve the final American people’s interests—some- anced trade flows over time rather than be product before it was negotiated or con- body’s interests other than some theo- condemned to serve as the global importer of cluded. The checks and balances system set retician in a university, somebody’s in- last resort. up by our Founding Fathers was very inten- terests other than some foreign cap- It is also time to preserve our constitu- tional in dividing authority among the legis- tional system of checks and balances and re- ital, somebody’s interests other than lative, executive and judicial branches so the frain from giving more power to global insti- the canyons of New York where capital mistakes or abuse of power in one branch tutions that displace our legislative and ju- is moved all over the world. Somebody could be checked by another. dicial branches. needs to be looking out for the inter- Today’s fast-track trade authority not Only then can America return to a more only suspends the ‘‘regular order’’ of Con- ests of the American people. We need broadly shared prosperity. gress to approve an agreement, it pre-ap- to ask that question first. proves a trade deal before it is even nego- Mr. SESSIONS. He says: I thank the Chair. tiated. The so-called negotiating objectives It is time to focus upon true free trade I yield the floor. in the fast-track bill are merely for show. with rules, reciprocity and results, while f They are mere friendly congressional sugges- fighting the increasing scourge of global tions that do not bind the executive branch mercantilism. We must seek balanced trade ADJOURNMENT UNTIL MONDAY, and are often ignored. Congress never flows over time rather than be condemned to MAY 11, 2015, at 3 P.M. verifies that the president achieved the ob- serve as the global importer of last resort. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under jectives. He also said: A read of past fast-track legislation re- the previous order, the Senate stands veals many ‘‘negotiating objectives’’ that It is also time to preserve our constitu- adjourned until 3 p.m., Monday, May were neither attempted nor achieved by the tional system of checks and balances and re- 11, 2015. executive branch negotiators. Yet, the presi- frain from giving more power to global insti- tutions that displace our legislative and ju- Thereupon, the Senate, at 5:35 p.m., dent can and does sign the agreement before adjourned until Monday, May 11, 2015, Congress views or votes on it. dicial branches. Then, the president writes implementing I think that is good advice, too. at 3 p.m. legislation, which is Congress’ job. Congress Again, what Mr. DiMicco says is that f cannot, under fast track, amend the imple- while we remove trade barriers and NOMINATIONS menting legislation or the agreement but in- open our markets to importing com- stead has only 45 days for committees to petition, our allies, even when they re- Executive nominations received by consider and vote, then 15 days for a floor the Senate: vote. Only 20 hours of debate are allowed on duce their tariff barriers, don’t reduce a complex international document that runs other institutional barriers. DEPARTMENT OF STATE to thousands of pages. They also utilize currency manipula- JENNIFER ZIMDAHL GALT, OF COLORADO, A CAREER Modern fast track goes far deeper into Con- tion. This currency manipulation can MEMBER OF THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE, CLASS OF MINISTER–COUNSELOR, TO BE AMBASSADOR EXTRAOR- gress’ constitutional authority than mere provide a far more substantial advan- DINARY AND PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES tariffs and quotas. The president becomes a tage in trade than even a tariff does. OF AMERICA TO MONGOLIA. super-Congress legislating through diplo- DAVID R. GILMOUR, OF TEXAS, A CAREER MEMBER OF Mr. Volcker—the former Federal Re- THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE, CLASS OF MINISTER– macy in domestic policy areas. He can and serve Chairman under President COUNSELOR, TO BE AMBASSADOR EXTRAORDINARY AND does negotiate with other countries regard- PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ing immigration, financial services, tax, food Reagan and widely regarded as having TO THE TOGOLESE REPUBLIC. done a magnificent job—said tariffs JAMES DESMOND MELVILLE, JR., OF NEW JERSEY, A and product safety rules, domestic procure- CAREER MEMBER OF THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE, ment, labor standards and many other do- can be overcome in a matter of min- CLASS OF MINISTER–COUNSELOR, TO BE AMBASSADOR mestic issues. The final agreement may utes by currency manipulation. Europe EXTRAORDINARY AND PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE REPUBLIC OF ES- overturn past acts of Congress or include has seen its currency drop over 20 per- TONIA. new standards previously considered but re- cent. Korea has moved its currency PETER F. MULREAN, OF MASSACHUSETTS, A CAREER jected by Congress. MEMBER OF THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE, CLASS OF down. Japan has moved its down. China COUNSELOR, TO BE AMBASSADOR EXTRAORDINARY AND If and when the deal is approved by Con- has ensured its yuan remains at a level PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA gress, the new rules are adjudicated by inter- TO THE REPUBLIC OF HAITI. national tribunals that issue decisions which below where it should be on economic EDWIN RICHARD NOLAN, JR., OF MASSACHUSETTS, A terms. As a result, they have gained a CAREER MEMBER OF THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE, penalize the U.S. if we do not comply. Future CLASS OF MINISTER–COUNSELOR, TO BE AMBASSADOR Congresses are forever restricted from con- trade advantage, and as a result, they EXTRAORDINARY AND PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE REPUBLIC OF THOMAS P. SPARE, OF VIRGINIA ELIZANN CARROLL, OF TEXAS SURINAME. ADAM SEAN STARR–KING, OF FLORIDA OLIVER S. CASS, OF NEW YORK HANS–MICHAEL W. SUMNER, OF VIRGINIA KYLE R. CASSILY, OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES BRITTANY DANIELLE THOMPSON, OF VIRGINIA WILLIAM PATRICK CHAMBERS, OF VIRGINIA KAREN BOLLINGER DESALVO, OF LOUISIANA, TO BE AN AARON D. TIFFANY, OF WASHINGTON AMIT SINGH CHANDA, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERV- JONATHAN ALEX TOLAND, OF VIRGINIA BRIAN C. CHANDLER, OF NEW YORK ICES, VICE HOWARD K. KOH, RESIGNED. PHILLIP J. VALDIVIA, OF CALIFORNIA ANTHONY CHANG, OF CALIFORNIA WILLIAM L. VALENTE, OF VIRGINIA TERESA CHANG, OF CALIFORNIA FOREIGN SERVICE DIMITRI VARMAZIS, OF NEW MEXICO XUAN CHAU, OF VIRGINIA JOSE MARIA VEGA, OF VIRGINIA RONGJIE CHEN, OF ILLINOIS THE FOLLOWING–NAMED PERSONS OF THE UNITED DEREK T. VONDERHEIDE, OF INDIANA JEUNG HWA CHOE, OF TEXAS STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT JESSE M. WALD, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA GARY K. CHOW, OF CALIFORNIA FOR APPOINTMENT AS FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CONNIE M. WARD, OF VIRGINIA JULIAN B. CIAMPA, OF COLORADO THE CLASSES STATED. MONIKA L. WARGO, OF VIRGINIA MATTHEW CIESIELSKI, OF INDIANA FOR APPOINTMENT AS FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF GREGORY DAVID WATSON, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- HAZEL M. CIPOLLE, OF NEW HAMPSHIRE CLASS THREE, CONSULAR OFFICER AND SECRETARY IN BIA JAMES PATRICK CLARKSON, OF UTAH THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF HEATHER WIGGINS, OF VIRGINIA JAMES OZZIE COKER II, OF TEXAS AMERICA: CASSANDRA ROCHELLE WRIGHT, OF VIRGINIA RANDY E. COLE, JR., OF PENNSYLVANIA ERIC DEL VALLE, OF NEW JERSEY CATHERINE R. YANCOVITZ, OF VIRGINIA CHERYL R. COLLINS, OF VIRGINIA LEILA DOULALI, OF VIRGINIA WALID ZAFAR, OF VIRGINIA GARETH R. COLLINS, OF ILLINOIS MING–HUN LIU, OF FLORIDA THE FOLLOWING–NAMED CAREER MEMBERS OF THE RYANN M. COLLINS, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MAMESHO MACAULAY, OF MARYLAND FOREIGN SERVICE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE FOR JESSICA COPELAND, OF COLORADO JOHN SLATTERY, OF OHIO PROMOTION INTO THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE TO THE MATTHEW E. CORCORAN, OF WISCONSIN JAN SMID, OF MARYLAND CLASS INDICATED: JORGE CORDOVA, OF FLORIDA RYAN TRUXTON, OF NEW JERSEY CAREER MEMBER OF THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE LESTER L. CORNELISON II, OF INDIANA THE FOLLOWING–NAMED PERSONS OF THE DEPART- OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, CLASS OF COUN- BRIANA C. CORSO, OF CALIFORNIA NATHANAEL Q. COX, OF SOUTH CAROLINA MENT OF STATE FOR APPOINTMENT AS FOREIGN SERV- SELOR: ROBIN JEAN CRAM, OF OHIO ICE OFFICERS OF THE CLASSES STATED. TANIA CHOMIAK–SALVI, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA NATHANIEL DOUGLAS CROOK, OF VIRGINIA THE FOLLOWING–NAMED MEMBERS OF THE FOREIGN DAVID S. ELMO, OF NEW YORK DANIEL CULLOP, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SERVICE TO BE CONSULAR OFFICERS AND SECRETARIES JONATHAN DAVID FRITZ, OF FLORIDA RENEE MARY CUMMINGS, OF WASHINGTON IN THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF STUART MACKENZIE HATCHER, OF VIRGINIA FRANCIS G. DAVENPORT, OF VIRGINIA AMERICA: PATRICIA A. MILLER, OF MARYLAND BROOKE CHELSEY DAVIS, OF VIRGINIA DANIEL L. ANGERMILLER, OF ARIZONA LAURA MERRITT STONE, OF CALIFORNIA EVAN LAMAR DAVIS, OF OHIO MICHAEL P. ARDAIOLO, OF SOUTH CAROLINA THE FOLLOWING–NAMED PERSONS OF THE DEPART- TAYLOR DEWEY, OF VIRGINIA JESSICA NADINE ASFOUR, OF MAINE MENT OF STATE FOR APPOINTMENT AS FOREIGN SERV- KALI JANINE DEWITT, OF INDIANA KATHERINE M. BALENSKY, OF VIRGINIA ICE OFFICERS OF THE CLASSES STATED. CHRISTY L. DIAZ, OF CALIFORNIA ETHAN MEHL BECK, OF FLORIDA THE FOLLOWING–NAMED MEMBER OF THE FOREIGN JASON A. DILKS, OF TEXAS ROMAN V. BELOKONEV, OF VIRGINIA SERVICE TO BE A SECRETARY IN THE DIPLOMATIC SERV- JOSEPH DIRENZO, OF VIRGINIA DARREN A. BESSINGPAS, OF VIRGINIA ICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: SHANEISHA DODSON, OF VIRGINIA CHARLES CARLOS BLAKE III, OF THE DISTRICT OF CO- BRUCE MATTHEWS, OF CALIFORNIA MICHAEL C. DONAHUE, OF VIRGINIA LUMBIA THOMAS A. DOUGLAS, OF VIRGINIA IVAN GOLDMAN BOEKELHEIDE, OF CALIFORNIA THE FOLLOWING–NAMED MEMBERS OF THE FOREIGN ERIKA L. DOVE, OF VIRGINIA MATTHEW A. BOWEN, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SERVICE TO BE CONSULAR OFFICERS AND SECRETARIES KAREEM JULES DRIGHT, OF CALIFORNIA SEAN ROBERT BRENNAN, OF NEW YORK IN THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF ANDREW DUBINSKY, OF VIRGINIA JUSTIN L. BRYANT, OF VIRGINIA AMERICA: YUZZY GAINA DUBUISSON, OF PENNSYLVANIA FIONA J. CANDLISH, OF VIRGINIA AMI J. ABOU–BAKR, OF IDAHO CLAIRE DUFFETT, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA GRACE CORINA CARROLL, OF WASHINGTON GEORGE E. ADAIR, OF VIRGINIA JOSHUA EARLEY, OF TEXAS JEREMY YUE–KEI CHAN, OF NEW HAMPSHIRE VANESSA LEILANI ADAMS, OF CALIFORNIA EDWARD H. EBERT, OF NEVADA HSIAO CHING CHANG, OF CALIFORNIA IKE H. ADIGWE, OF VIRGINIA CHRISTOPHER L. EDDIE, OF TEXAS KELLY JENEE COATES, OF MARYLAND ALYCE S. AHN, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA JILL K. EGAN, OF MARYLAND CHRISTOPHER M. CONWELL, OF VIRGINIA MARVIN E. ALFARO, OF NEW YORK MICHAEL ELKIN, OF FLORIDA SUSAN S. COPELAND, OF MISSISSIPPI ERNESTO L. ALFONSO, OF FLORIDA EMILY GRACE ENRIGHT, OF VIRGINIA JOHN DAVID CRAWFORD, OF VIRGINIA LOUIS ALVARADO, OF VIRGINIA PETER JAMES EPTON, OF ALASKA IDALIDES C. CUELLO, OF VIRGINIA LISA NICOLE ANDONOVSKA, OF VIRGINIA KIMBERLY MICHELLE EVERETT, OF ALABAMA PATRICK SHERIDAN CUNNINGHAM, OF ARIZONA TERESA ANDRE, OF VIRGINIA MATHEW M. FALKOFF, OF CALIFORNIA CHRISTIAN PAUL DENCKLA, OF ILLINOIS NAOMI ANISMAN, OF NEW YORK NATHANIEL FARRAR, OF FLORIDA BRIAN ALEXANDER DITO, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- WILLIE J. ARMSTRONG, OF CALIFORNIA JUSTIN HOWARD FAULKNER, OF INDIANA BIA VANESSA LYNN ARNESS, OF VIRGINIA ASHLEY M. FAY, OF NEW HAMPSHIRE LAUREN ROSE DORGAN, OF VIRGINIA ERICA MARIE AUGUSTENBORG, OF VIRGINIA COREY STANICH FEINSTEIN, OF CALIFORNIA DAVID C. DRYER, OF VIRGINIA ALEXANDER CARROLL AUGUSTINE–MARCEIL, OF VIR- CHRISTOPHER S. FIELDS, OF VIRGINIA SABINA DZANO, OF VIRGINIA GINIA KRISTA KAY FISHER, OF VIRGINIA KIMBERLY ANN EGGERTON, OF OHIO NICHOLAS D. AUSTIN, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA KYLE ALEXANDER FISHMAN, OF FLORIDA ERIC JOSEPH EGGLESTON, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- BENJAMIN R. AVENIA–TAPPER, OF VERMONT KRISTIN R. FITZGERALD, OF VIRGINIA BIA YVONNE C. BADGER, OF CALIFORNIA KYLE WILLIAM FONAY, OF VIRGINIA JESSICA A. FARNHAM, OF VIRGINIA CAROLINE BAKER, OF FLORIDA LINCOLN FRAGER, OF COLORADO ANATOLE FAYKIN, OF PENNSYLVANIA CHARLES M. BALCK, OF VIRGINIA KATHRYN LYNETTE FRANKO, OF NEW YORK SCOTT M. FICKLIN, OF IDAHO AGNES M. BAPTISTE, OF MARYLAND ERIC R. FREDERICK, OF ARIZONA JOHN ROBERT FORCE, OF CALIFORNIA DAVID PAUL BARGUENO, OF VIRGINIA JOHN TAYLOR FREELAND, OF VIRGINIA ERIC DAVID FOY, OF VIRGINIA AARON BARNARD–LUCE, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ANDREW R. FREEMAN, OF TENNESSEE AMPARO GARCIA, OF TEXAS JEFFREY RICHARD BARRETT, OF VIRGINIA TARYN A. FRENCH, OF TEXAS DB GATES, OF WASHINGTON JILL Y. BARWIG, OF COLORADO RYAN FUGIT, OF VIRGINIA GREGORIO W. GONZALES, OF TEXAS JUANITA M. BATISTE, OF MARYLAND OLIVER W. GAINES, OF TEXAS ALEXANDER JAMES GOULD, OF VIRGINIA DARIEN B. BATZER, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ADELITO NICHOLAS GALE, OF VIRGINIA BAMBI LYNNE GRANGER, OF VIRGINIA CAITLIN BAUER, OF PENNSYLVANIA SEANN C. GALE, OF VIRGINIA ISABEL I. GRIEDER, OF VIRGINIA PAUL W. BAUER, OF NEW JERSEY DAVID ALAN GALLES, OF WASHINGTON ADAM J. GROSS, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA GREGORY W. BAUS, OF VIRGINIA BRADLEY GARDNER, OF CALIFORNIA JEFFREY RICHARD HALE, OF CALIFORNIA JAMES C. BAYNE, OF VIRGINIA DANIELLA A. GAYAPERSAD–CHAN, OF MARYLAND KATHERINE HALVORSON, OF VIRGINIA KRISTINA ELENA BEARD, OF FLORIDA JEANNE CHADWICK GEERS, OF VIRGINIA ZACHARY K. HANSON, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COLLIN D. BELL, OF NEW YORK SARAH ALLISON GEISLER, OF PENNSYLVANIA SUSAN CAROL HAWKS, OF VIRGINIA DAVID P. BENCHENER, OF VIRGINIA CHRISTOPHER P. GEURTSEN, OF TENNESSEE BARRY B. HINTZ, OF NEW YORK AMANDA M. BERG, OF VIRGINIA NARDOS GHEBREGZIABHER, OF COLORADO KEVIN T. JENKINS, OF VIRGINIA ELIZABETH D. BERRETT, OF TEXAS KATHRYN GLUCKMAN, OF FLORIDA MICHAEL C. JESADA, OF VIRGINIA HEATHER NICOLE BLAINE, OF VIRGINIA RYAN A. GOCONG, OF NEW YORK RYAN TRAVIS KELLEY, OF VIRGINIA RONALD A. BLAINE, OF VIRGINIA JESSE GOLLAND, OF COLORADO KATHARINE L. KELLY, OF VIRGINIA ROBERT A. BLANCO, OF MASSACHUSETTS JACOB LYON GOODMAN, OF NEW MEXICO TIMOTHY MICHAEL KLUCK, OF NEW JERSEY MARIA KIRSTEN BLEES, OF WASHINGTON NORA P. GORDON, OF NEW YORK ROBERT P. KNUTH, OF VIRGINIA CHRISTOPHER DAVID BLINKY, OF PENNSYLVANIA PIERRE A. GORHAM, OF MARYLAND KYLE WILLIAM KONRAD, OF VIRGINIA PATRICK ANIM BOATENG II, OF MARYLAND ROBERT GRASSO, OF NEVADA LAUREN ASHLEY KRETZ, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ANDREW BENJAMIN BOCKUS, OF VIRGINIA ROBERT D. GREENE, OF CALIFORNIA JULIANNE SPRAIGHT LANGER, OF MINNESOTA FREDERICK BOLAGEER, JR., OF NEW YORK ABIGAIL SARAH GREENWALD, OF MINNESOTA MAXWELL RUSSELL LARSEN, OF MARYLAND DAVID P. BOLES, OF VIRGINIA MARK D. GREENWELL, OF VIRGINIA JASON ROBERT LEMONCELLI, OF VIRGINIA JENNIFER BETH BOOKBINDER, OF VIRGINIA CHASE JAMES GUINN, OF OHIO BRYAN C. LUPTON, OF VIRGINIA ERIC BORGMAN, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA NEIL GUNDAVDA, OF FLORIDA ADAM MCGOWAN MARLOWE, OF THE DISTRICT OF CO- LEAH ANGELLE BOYER, OF LOUISIANA JOHN LESLIE HALEY, OF OKLAHOMA LUMBIA ELIZABETH A. BRENNAN, OF VIRGINIA SHEENA R. HALL, OF INDIANA JUAN A. MARTINEZ, JR., OF VIRGINIA GARY M. BRENNIS, OF CALIFORNIA DANIEL P. HAMEL, OF VIRGINIA KATELYN PATRICIA MCMAHON, OF VIRGINIA NORA S. BRITO, OF FLORIDA CLARE J. HATFIELD, OF VIRGINIA GEOFFREY W. MOORE, OF VIRGINIA JOHN J. BRITTAIN, OF VIRGINIA STEPHEN A. HAWLEY, OF VIRGINIA EDWARD P. MULLIN, OF VIRGINIA ANDREW L. BROWN, OF OHIO COLIN T. HEALEY, OF VIRGINIA KEAVY C. NAHAN, OF TEXAS APRIL N. BROWN, OF VIRGINIA PATRICK JOSEPH HEALEY, OF VIRGINIA SUZANNE A. OHANESIAN, OF VIRGINIA JANINE E. BROWN, OF NEW YORK ANDREA JEAN HEILAND, OF TEXAS KEVIN S. OLSON, OF VIRGINIA JUAN CARLOS BROWN, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA JON THOMAS HEIT, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA JOHN PAUL ORAK, OF VIRGINIA TIFFANY J. BUFORD, OF TEXAS MICHAEL G. HENLEY, OF MARYLAND MARIDELA MARGARITA ORTIZ, OF TEXAS DARIA BUIE, OF MARYLAND EMILY ELIZABETH HENNELL, OF THE DISTRICT OF CO- MARK WILLIAM PIFHER, OF VIRGINIA JOSHUA DAVID BULL, OF GEORGIA LUMBIA JESSICA NATALIE POWERS–HEAVEN, OF THE DISTRICT COSTON L. BURNES, OF MARYLAND SARAH C. HENNESSEY, OF GEORGIA OF COLUMBIA JOSEF BURTON, OF OREGON TAMEISHA HENRY, OF MARYLAND CARLA A. RIGA, OF VIRGINIA ELIJAH BUSH, OF VIRGINIA MANUEL G. HERNANDEZ, OF VIRGINIA AICHA NASSER ROBINSON, OF VIRGINIA ANDREW RYAN BYRLEY, OF INDIANA JOHN HOOD HEYWOOD, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA JAMES KENNETH ROGERS, OF ARIZONA KAREN J. CALDERON, OF VIRGINIA MEGHAN L. HIGGINS, OF VIRGINIA TIMOTHY C. SARRAILLE, OF NEW YORK NICOLE LEAH CALLRAM, OF MINNESOTA WILLIAM HARVEY HINE-RAMSBERGER, OF COLORADO MICHAEL A. SEAN, OF VIRGINIA JEFFREY CAMPBELL, OF MINNESOTA ERIKA RUTH HOLLNER, OF VERMONT AMISHA SHAH, OF ILLINOIS THERESA H. CANAVAN, OF VIRGINIA KALISHA HOLMES, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MATTHEW STEPHEN SIMON BARTHOLOMAUS, OF WASH- GABRIELA SOFIA CANAVATI, OF TEXAS KAYLA HOWE, OF IOWA INGTON ALLISON M. CARRAGHER, OF FLORIDA MARTHA A. HOWELL, OF VIRGINIA KIWOO R. SONG, OF VIRGINIA BRYAN SCOTT CARROLL, OF WASHINGTON TODD R. HUGHES, OF FLORIDA

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TIMOTHY J. HUIZAR, OF TEXAS DANIEL EDWARD MONSON, OF VIRGINIA STEPHANIE R. SOBEK, OF OHIO WILLIAM JOHN HUSSEY, OF TEXAS CAROLINE KIM MONTOYA, OF MARYLAND STEVEN SOONG, OF VIRGINIA D. SCOTT HUTCHISON, OF UTAH AMBER N. MOORE, OF TEXAS CATHERINE S. SPEICH, OF TEXAS JOSEPHINE HWANG, OF VIRGINIA JAMES W. MOORE, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MICHAEL SIDNEY STABLER, OF THE DISTRICT OF CO- TETYANA IVANISHENA, OF PENNSYLVANIA ANGELA M. MORA, OF TEXAS LUMBIA MATTHEW JAMRISKO, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA JEFFREY W. MORENCY, OF VIRGINIA INGRID H. STAUDENMEYER, OF VIRGINIA MICHELLE JANZEN, OF NORTH CAROLINA FRANCES A. MORENO, OF TEXAS PAUL A. STEMPEL, OF MARYLAND FRANCES S. JEFFREY-COKER, OF MARYLAND NATALYA V. MORIN, OF FLORIDA BRITTNEY CONNAE STEWART, OF TEXAS MATTHEW JENNINGS, OF TEXAS JAMES T. MOSHER, OF OHIO MICHAEL C. STIEG, OF CALIFORNIA MAN SIK JEON, OF VIRGINIA KAREN Y. MOZINGO, OF VIRGINIA VANESSA STOTTS, OF TEXAS KATHERINE JERNIGAN, OF TEXAS DANIEL MUFFLEY, OF PENNSYLVANIA JAMES A. STRICKLAND, OF VIRGINIA JENNIFER ELIZABETH JOHNSON, OF COLORADO CLARE MURPHY, OF VIRGINIA DAGMAR STRONG–WITTMANN, OF VIRGINIA MEGAN PATRICIA JOHNSON, OF NEBRASKA PATRICK R. MURPHY, OF WISCONSIN JAMES M. STUHLTRAGER, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- NEAL H. JOHNSON, JR., OF MARYLAND AGNES NAM, OF MASSACHUSETTS BIA JOSEPH JONES, OF NEVADA MICHAEL LOREN NEEDLE, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- GRETA MARIE STULTS, OF CALIFORNIA KAMEKO JONES, OF VIRGINIA BIA MICHELLE SUAREZ, OF FLORIDA STEVEN GARETH JONES, OF FLORIDA PATRICK H. NEELEY, OF VIRGINIA JACK SWETLAND, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA TIMOTHY K. JONES, OF VIRGINIA DOUGLAS J. NELSON, OF VIRGINIA JEFFREY TANG, OF MASSACHUSETTS ALENA VENIECE JOSEPH, OF MARYLAND ERICA LEE NELSON, OF VIRGINIA SHEILA S. TANG–RABEONY, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- JACHELLE R. JOSEPH, OF VIRGINIA JAKE ROBERT NELSON, OF VIRGINIA BIA TYLER JOYNER, OF TEXAS JONAH NEUMAN, OF NEW YORK ALENA L. TAYLOR, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA GENEVIEVE NATALIE JUDSON-JOURDAIN, OF MASSACHU- DAVID THOMAS NEWTON, OF ALABAMA SARAH M. TAYLOR, OF VIRGINIA SETTS MIKE PHUONG ANH NGUYEN, OF CALIFORNIA PETER JOHN THEIS, OF MINNESOTA BRIAN JUNGWIWATTANAPORN, OF NEW YORK DANIEL THOMAS NIBARGER, OF VIRGINIA R. CHASE THOMPSON, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BENJAMIN ERIC KALT, OF ARIZONA LAGRETTA DORAN NICKLES, OF FLORIDA RONALD DANIEL THOMPSON, OF SOUTH CAROLINA JACOB BRIAN KASPER, OF VIRGINIA MARI-JANA OBOROCEANU, OF FLORIDA HEATHER R. THORNTON, OF VIRGINIA KEITH P. KELLY, OF VIRGINIA HARALD OLSEN, OF CONNECTICUT JASON W. TILLEY, OF VIRGINIA AUDREY KERANEN, OF MASSACHUSETTS ABIGAIL A. OLVERA, OF TEXAS SHEREE D. TINDER, OF KANSAS BENJAMIN LEE KESSLER, OF CALIFORNIA CAITLIN M. O’MALLEY, OF VIRGINIA ASHELY MICHELLE STOVER TOKIC, OF THE DISTRICT OF FAROUK KHAN, OF NEW YORK BESTY J. O’MEARA, OF VIRGINIA COLUMBIA SADAF KHAN, OF TEXAS DANIEL J. O’ROURKE, OF ILLINOIS JAMES D. TOMLINSON, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DAVID ANDREW KIERSKI, OF ILLINOIS STEPHANIE NATALIE OVIEDO, OF PUERTO RICO KRISTINA ERLEWINE TONN, OF OHIO JONGMI ESTHER KIM WIODEK, OF VIRGINIA TMITRI A. OWENS, OF GEORGIA THOMAS TORRES, OF VIRGINIA JACQUELINE KINGFIELD, OF MARYLAND EROL OZAKCAY, OF CALIFORNIA BRIAN M. TORRO, OF VIRGINIA NICHOLAS E. KNISKA, OF FLORIDA AMY MARIE PADILLA, OF TENNESSEE MARY KATHARINE AIMEE TRECHOCK, OF CALIFORNIA CHARLES A. KOENINGER, OF VIRGINIA MORTON S. PARK, OF CALIFORNIA ABIGAIL TRENHAILE, OF HAWAII WILSON M. KOROL, OF NEVADA DIANE PARR, OF VIRGINIA TRAVIS L. TUCKER, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA JOSEPH M. KRAFFT, OF CALIFORNIA LISA ANN PARRINGTON, OF FLORIDA CARYL MARIE TUMA, OF PENNSYLVANIA KARINA S. KRAJEC, OF OHIO MIRANDA S. PATTERSON, OF NORTH CAROLINA KIMBERLY HERMINE MIHRAN TURLEY, OF VIRGINIA JESSICA KUHN, OF WASHINGTON BRANDON PEART, OF UTAH DARRYL ALLEN TURNER, JR., OF ILLINOIS ZACHARY LANDAU, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MOLLY MURPHY PEDERSEN, OF VIRGINIA KONRAD TURSKI, OF VIRGINIA JOSEPH S. LANGDORF, OF VIRGINIA JOSHUA CHANDLER PEFFLEY, OF MINNESOTA KEITH TYLECKI, OF VIRGINIA F. CHRISTOPHER LANNING, OF NEW MEXICO THOMAS A. PEPE III, OF PENNSYLVANIA ERIN CELESTE TYLER, OF VIRGINIA PETER S. LAU, OF WISCONSIN ABDEL PERERA, OF FLORIDA ECHIKA UDIKA, OF MARYLAND LANCE LAUCHENGCO, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ERIN ELIZABETH PERETTI, OF VIRGINIA DANIEL VAN DYKEN, OF VIRGINIA DAVID LAWLER, OF NEW MEXICO RYAN PESECKAS, OF FLORIDA PATRICIA ANN VANDERWALL, OF FLORIDA JESSICA LAZCANO, OF VIRGINIA KIRA MARIE PETERSON, OF MICHIGAN PETER VANDERWALL, OF FLORIDA KAJAL A. LEARY, OF VIRGINIA TIMOTHY J. PETRO, OF VIRGINIA JESSICA TORRES VARDA, OF FLORIDA CARMEN GAYLE LECLAIR, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- KATHERINE PETTERSSON, OF NEW YORK ZINA Z. VARELAS, OF VIRGINIA BIA SUSAN PHEMISTER, OF NEW YORK MICHAEL A. VASILOFF, OF VIRGINIA CHE KWANG LEE, OF TEXAS CHRISTINA ANGELINE PHILLIPS, OF LOUISIANA MARIBEL VASQUEZ, OF NEW YORK SUN J. LEE, OF CALIFORNIA GARVEY PIERRE, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ZAHEERA WAHID, OF NEVADA JEREMY LEWIS, OF VIRGINIA TIMOTHY J. PIRO, OF VIRGINIA PAULA S. WALKER, OF NORTH CAROLINA TANIA A. LEWIS, OF VIRGINIA MARK PITUCH, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BRETT WALKLEY, OF CALIFORNIA MATTHEW LINCOLN, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BRIANT S. PLATT, OF UTAH LEIF WALLER, OF VIRGINIA ROSE VELMA LINDGREN, OF VIRGINIA NEAL S. POSDAMER, OF VIRGINIA PHILIP A. WALLISCH, OF VIRGINIA BENJAMIN R. LINGEMAN, OF OHIO THERESE M. POSTEL, OF NEW YORK KENNETH K. WAN, OF CALIFORNIA KARL LOHSE, OF CALIFORNIA JESSE POTTER, OF WASHINGTON JACOB ANDREW WARDEN, OF NEW HAMPSHIRE ABEL TANGEMAN LOMAX, OF MINNESOTA MITCHELL H. PRAY, OF VIRGINIA SARAH ELIZABETH WARDWELL, OF OREGON MATTHEW M. LOMBARDO, OF VIRGINIA ASHLEY A. PRICE, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COLLIN KENNETH WEBSTER, OF NEVADA ANDREW ALEXANDER LOOMIS, OF TEXAS ANTHONY A. PRIDOTKAS, OF VIRGINIA ELIZABETH SARA WEISMAN, OF THE DISTRICT OF CO- LEANA M. LOPEZ, OF WASHINGTON AYESHA QUIRKE, OF FLORIDA LUMBIA JEANNETTA LORETTA LOVE, OF ALABAMA TRUDE ENOLA RAIZEN, OF MASSACHUSETTS RAYMOND E. WELCH, JR., OF NEW YORK DAVID M. LOYA, OF NEW MEXICO RENATO RAMACIOTTI, OF TEXAS MATTHEW JAMES WELSH, OF NEW YORK MATTHEW ELROY LUNN, OF FLORIDA MARJORIE JEANNE HABIT RAPP, OF NORTH CAROLINA BRYN WEST, OF TEXAS JOHN DAVID LYNCH, OF CALIFORNIA DAVID J. REDLINGER, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MICHAEL WESTENDORP, OF MICHIGAN MICHAEL L. LYONS, OF VIRGINIA ALLISON JEAN REEDY, OF NEW HAMPSHIRE JOHN NATHANAEL WHEELER, OF ALASKA COLIN JUDE MACHADO, OF CALIFORNIA KIRBY SCOTT REILING, OF VIRGINIA BRYANT WHITFIELD, OF INDIANA LYNNE PATRICIA MADNICK, OF PENNSYLVANIA MICHAEL RIES, OF FLORIDA KELLEY M. WHITSON, OF MARYLAND STEPHEN ANDREW MANNING, OF THE DISTRICT OF CO- RYAN RIKANSRUD, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CHRISTOPHER LOUIS WIEDEMER, OF THE DISTRICT OF LUMBIA TIMOTHY KEVIN RILEY, OF VIRGINIA COLUMBIA KRISTIAN R. MARGHERIO, OF VIRGINIA ROGER RODRIGUEZ RIOS, OF CALIFORNIA BENJAMIN JOSEPH WILLIAMS, OF CALIFORNIA JOSHUA A. MARKS, OF MARYLAND ANDREW J. RIPLINGER, OF ILLINOIS MARCUS TAMBOURA WILLIAMS, OF TEXAS ROSE ANN MARKS, OF FLORIDA MARINA RITSEMA, OF CONNECTICUT MICHAEL G. WLODEK, OF VIRGINIA VENOY V. MATTAMANA, OF FLORIDA MITCHELL J. RITSEMA, OF CONNECTICUT CASEY S. WOHLFEIL, OF VIRGINIA MARY MATTHEWS, OF MINNESOTA PAUL ALEXANDER RIVERA, OF FLORIDA COURTNEY ANNE WOLFF, OF NEVADA DAVID W. MAURO, OF TEXAS MARK T. ROBINSON, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA GORDON TATE WOOD, OF FLORIDA HEATHER S. MAXWELL, OF VIRGINIA ELIZABETH M. RODRIGUEZ, OF PENNSYLVANIA KELLY WOOD, OF TEXAS KATHLEEN MAXWELL, OF NEW YORK CHAD ROEDEMEIER, OF NEW YORK TIM WORM, OF FLORIDA MATTHEW REED MAYBERRY, OF VIRGINIA SARAH ROHN, OF VIRGINIA CHRISTINE NING–CHIUN YARNG, OF TEXAS KEVIN MASON MCCOWN, OF PENNSYLVANIA ANTONELLA P. ROMONA, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA KEREN YOHANNES, OF KENTUCKY WILLIAM I. MCCOY, OF VIRGINIA DAVID B. ROSENBLUM, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA LYNDSEY KANANI YOSHINO, OF WISCONSIN KELLY MCCRAY, OF TENNESSEE SHARON ANN RYAN, OF MISSOURI AMANDA K. YOUNG, OF VIRGINIA PATRICK M. MCERLEAN, OF PENNSYLVANIA NICHOLAS M. SAGNIMENI, OF VIRGINIA ANGELA L. YOUNG, OF TEXAS BRIAN C. MCKEAN, OF FLORIDA TYLER SAMS, OF VIRGINIA CHARLOTTE YOUNG–FADARE, OF SOUTH CAROLINA KEVIN T. MCNAMARA, OF NEW YORK DANA SLADE SANDERS, OF WEST VIRGINIA CALVIN YIN–CHUNG YU, OF GEORGIA MELISSA G. MCPHERSON, OF VIRGINIA STEPHEN SANDERS, OF CALIFORNIA EMILY YU, OF CALIFORNIA JACKIE HART MEEKER, OF WYOMING NICOLE A. SATAR, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SAMY ZAKA, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEREK THOMAS MERCER, OF VIRGINIA NATHANIEL R. SAVIO, OF VIRGINIA HALEH H. ZAREEI, OF VIRGINIA KARL EDSON MERCER III, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- JOSHUA A. SAVITCH, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BRIAN STEPHEN ZELAKIEWICZ, OF VIRGINIA BIA BRYAN KENJI SCHELL, OF CALIFORNIA ERIC A. MERIDETH, OF VIRGINIA DAVID MATTHEW SCHNEIDER, OF THE DISTRICT OF CO- JOSHUA I. MERTSCH, OF MASSACHUSETTS LUMBIA f ALICIA M. MESSMER, OF VIRGINIA PAUL SCOTT, OF ARIZONA GEORGE MESTHOS, OF MARYLAND GOURI SEETHARAM, OF NEW YORK WITHDRAWAL KIRSTEN ANNE MICHENER, OF CALIFORNIA NICHOLAS J. SESNAK, OF WASHINGTON LINDSAY JO MIESKO, OF PENNSYLVANIA JESSE A. SHAW, OF CALIFORNIA Executive Message transmitted by CHRISTINE J. MILLER, OF VIRGINIA DANE ALAN SHELLY, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CHRISTOPHER J. MILLER, OF MARYLAND BRIAN D. SHERIDAN, OF VIRGINIA the President to the Senate on May 7, SHANE A. MILLER, OF PENNSYLVANIA MOON SHIN, OF VIRGINIA 2015 withdrawing from further Senate ADNAN AZAM-ALI MIRZA, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- STEPHANIE ALLISON SHOEMAKER, OF NORTH CAROLINA BIA REBECCA K. SIMON, OF VIRGINIA consideration the following nomina- ALISA MARIE MODICA, OF ILLINOIS STEPHEN M. SMALL, OF VIRGINIA tion: REBECCA MOLINOFF, OF OHIO KRISTIN SMITH, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CHRISTOPHER LEE MOLITORIS, OF THE DISTRICT OF CO- MARK D. SMITH, OF MINNESOTA JUAN M. GARCIA III, OF TEXAS, TO BE AN ASSISTANT LUMBIA AMY K. SNELLINGS, OF VIRGINIA SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, VICE JESSICA LYNN WRIGHT, ROSE MARIE MONACELLI, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- JAMES RICHARD SNODDY, OF VIRGINIA RESIGNED, WHICH WAS SENT TO THE SENATE ON MARCH BIA JAMES THOMAS SNYDER, OF VIRGINIA 19, 2015.

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HIGHLIGHTS Senate passed H.R. 1191, Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act, as amended. Senate Vitter Modified Amendment No. 1186 (to Chamber Action Amendment No. 1179), to require an assessment of Routine Proceedings, pages S2699–S2741 inadequacies in the international monitoring and Measures Introduced: Twenty-six bills and five res- verification system as they relate to a nuclear agree- olutions were introduced, as follows: S. 1238–1263, ment with Iran. Page S2725 S.J. Res. 15–16, S. Res. 174–175, and S. Con. Res. Cotton Amendment No. 1197 (to the language 16. Pages S2729–30 proposed to be stricken by Amendment No. 1140), Measures Passed: of a perfecting nature. Page S2725 Cotton (for Rubio) Amendment No. 1198 (to Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act: By 98 yeas Amendment No. 1197), to require a certification to 1 nay (Vote No. 174), Senate passed H.R. 1191, that Iran’s leaders have publically accepted Israel’s to provide for congressional review and oversight of right to exist as a Jewish state, fell when Cotton agreements relating to Iran’s nuclear program, after Amendment No. 1197 (to the language proposed to amending the title, and taking action on the fol- be stricken by Amendment No. 1140) (listed above) lowing amendments proposed thereto: Pages S2725–26 was ruled not germane by the Chair. Page S2725 Adopted: A unanimous-consent agreement was reached pro- Corker/Cardin Amendment No. 1219 (to Amend- viding that the motion to invoke cloture on the bill, ment No. 1140), to make technical changes. be withdrawn. Page S2725 Page S2721 Corker/Cardin Amendment No. 1140, in the na- Recognizing the Roles and Contributions of ture of a substitute. Page S2725 Teachers: Senate agreed to S. Res. 175, recognizing Corker Amendment No. 1220, to amend the title. the roles and contributions of the teachers of the Page S2726 United States to building and enhancing the civic, Withdrawn: cultural, and economic well-being of the United Corker/Cardin Amendment No. 1179 (to Amend- States. Page S2734 ment No. 1140), to require submission of all Persian Measures Considered: text included in the agreement. Pages S2721, S2725 Ensuring Tax Exempt Organizations the Right to During consideration of this measure today, Senate Appeal Act—Cloture: Senate began consideration also took the following action: of the motion to proceed to consideration of H.R. By 93 yeas to 6 nays (Vote No. 173), three-fifths 1314, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 of those Senators duly chosen and sworn, having to provide for a right to an administrative appeal re- voted in the affirmative, Senate agreed to the motion lating to adverse determinations of tax-exempt status to close further debate on Corker/Cardin Amend- of certain organizations. Pages S2699–S2702, S2726–27 ment No. 1140 (listed above). Page S2725 A motion was entered to close further debate on Chair sustained a point of order that the following amendments were not germane, and the amendments the motion to proceed to consideration of the bill, and, in accordance with the provisions of rule XXII thus fell: Page S2725 of the Standing Rules of the Senate, and pursuant to Blunt Amendment No. 1155 (to Amendment No. 1140), to extend the requirement for annual Depart- the unanimous-consent agreement of Thursday May ment of Defense reports on the military power of 7, 2015, a vote on cloture will occur at 2:30 p.m., on Tuesday, May 12, 2015. Page S2733 Iran. Page S2725 D505

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:47 May 08, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0627 Sfmt 0627 E:\CR\FM\D07MY5.REC D07MYPT1 SSpencer on DSK4SPTVN1PROD with DIGEST D506 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST May 7, 2015 United States Citizens in Iran—Agreement: A unanimous-consent-time agreement was reached pro- Committee Meetings viding that S. Con. Res. 16, stating the policy of the (Committees not listed did not meet) United States regarding the release of United States citizens in Iran, be placed on the Calendar, and that CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS at 5 p.m., on Monday, May 11, 2015, Senate begin Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry: Com- consideration of the concurrent resolution, that there mittee concluded a hearing to examine child nutri- be 30 minutes of debate equally divided in the usual tion programs, after receiving testimony from Ste- form, and then Senate vote on adoption of the con- phen M. Lord, Managing Director, Forensic Audits current resolution, with no intervening action or de- and Investigative Service, Government Account- bate. Page S2733 ability Office; Richard J. Goff, West Virginia De- Nominations Received: Senate received the fol- partment of Education Child Nutrition Programs Office of Child Nutrition Executive Director, lowing nominations: Charleston; Zoe Neuberger, Center on Budget and Jennifer Zimdahl Galt, of Colorado, to be Ambas- Policy Priorities, Washington, D.C.; Brian Riendeau, sador to Mongolia. Dare to Care Food Bank, Louisville, Kentucky, on David R. Gilmour, of Texas, to be Ambassador to behalf of Feeding America; Cindy Jones, Olathe the Togolese Republic. Public Schools District 233, Olathe, Kansas, on be- James Desmond Melville, Jr., of New Jersey, to be half of the School Nutrition Association of Kansas; Ambassador to the Republic of Estonia. and Sandra G. Hassink, American Academy of Pedi- Peter F. Mulrean, of Massachusetts, to be Ambas- atrics, Wilmington, Delaware. sador to the Republic of Haiti. RURAL HEALTH Edwin Richard Nolan, Jr., of Massachusetts, to be Ambassador to the Republic of Suriname. Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on Depart- Karen Bollinger DeSalvo, of Louisiana, to be As- ments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies concluded a hear- sistant Secretary of Health and Human Services. ing to examine rural health, after receiving testi- Routine lists in the Foreign Service. mony from Sean Cavanaugh, Deputy Administrator Pages S2739–41 and Director, Center for Medicare, Centers for Medi- Nomination Withdrawn: Senate received notifica- care and Medicaid Services, and Thomas Morris, As- tion of withdrawal of the following nomination: sociate Administrator, Federal Office of Rural Health Juan M. Garcia III, of Texas, to be an Assistant Policy, Health Resources and Services Administra- Secretary of Defense, which was sent to the Senate tion, both of the Department of Health and Human on March 19, 2015. Page S2741 Services; Tim Wolters, Citizens Memorial Hospital, Bolivar, Missouri; Kristi Henderson, University of Measures Placed on the Calendar: Page S2729 Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Julie Petersen, Additional Cosponsors: Pages S2731–32 PMH Medical Center, Prosser, Washington; and Statements on Introduced Bills/Resolutions: George Stover, Hospital District #1 of Rice County, Page S2732 Lyons, Kansas. APPROPRIATIONS: DEPARTMENT OF Additional Statements: Pages S2728–29 JUSTICE Amendments Submitted: Pages S2732–33 Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on Com- Authorities for Committees to Meet: Page S2733 merce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies con- Privileges of the Floor: Page S2733 cluded a hearing to examine proposed budget esti- mates for fiscal year 2016 for the Department of Jus- Record Votes: Two record votes were taken today. tice, after receiving testimony from Loretta E. Lynch, (Total—174) Page S2725, S2725–26 Attorney General, Department of Justice. Adjournment: Senate convened at 9:30 a.m. and SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE NEXT EVOLUTION adjourned at 5:35 p.m., until 3 p.m. on Monday, OF TERRORIST RECRUITMENT May 11, 2015. (For Senate’s program, see the re- marks of the Majority Leader in today’s Record on Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Af- page S2734.) fairs: Committee concluded a hearing to examine so- cial media in the next evolution of terrorist recruit- ment, after receiving testimony from Peter Bergen, New America Foundation, J.M. Berger, The Brook- ings Institution, and Daveed Gartenstein-Ross,

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Foundation for Defense of Democracies, all of Wash- nesota, on behalf of the Coalition for 21st Century ington, D.C.; and Mubin Shaikh, Toronto, Canada. Patent Reform; Diane Lettelleir, J.C. Penny Corpora- PATENT ACT tion, Inc., Plano, Texas; and Henry Hadad, Bristol- Myers Squibb, and Julie P. Samuels, Engine, both of Committee on the Judiciary: Committee concluded a New York, New York. hearing to examine S. 1137, to amend title 35, United States Code, and the Leahy-Smith America INTELLIGENCE Invents Act to make improvements and technical Select Committee on Intelligence: Committee met in corrections, after receiving testimony from Mark closed session to receive a briefing on certain intel- Chandler, Cisco Systems Inc., Washington, D.C.; ligence matters from officials of the intelligence Kevin H. Rhodes, 3M Company, St. Paul, Min- community. h House of Representatives Chamber Action COMMITTEE MEETINGS FOR FRIDAY, The House was not in session today. The House MAY 8, 2015 is scheduled to meet in a Pro Forma Session at 11 (Committee meetings are open unless otherwise indicated) a.m. on Friday, May 8, 2015. Senate Committee Meetings No meetings/hearings scheduled. No hearings were held. House Joint Meetings No hearings are scheduled. No joint committee meetings were held.

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Next Meeting of the SENATE Next Meeting of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 3 p.m., Monday, May 11 11 a.m., Friday, May 8

Senate Chamber House Chamber Program for Monday: After the transaction of any Program for Friday: The House is scheduled to meet in morning business (not to extend beyond 5 p.m.), Senate a Pro Forma session at 11 a.m. on Friday, May 8, 2015. will begin consideration of S. Con. Res. 16, United States Citizens in Iran, and vote on adoption of the concurrent resolution at 5:30 p.m.

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