TOTE Criticism: Speech Communication: Unions

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TITLE Rhetoric and Public Address: Abstracts of Doctoral Dissertations Pliblished in "Dissertation Abstracts International," January through June 1980 (Vol. (10 Nos. 7 through 12). INSTITUTION ERIC Clearinghouse.on Reading and Communication Skills, Urbana, Ill. 0_ PUB DATE 80 TOTE 13p.: Pages may be marginally legible.

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage). DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibliographies,: Churches; *Communication Research: Connected Discourse; Content Analysis; *Discourse Analysis: *Doctoral Dissertations: Organizational Communication: *Persuasive Discourse: Political Science; Politics; *Public Speaking: Religibus Organizations: *Rhetoric; *Rhetorical Criticism: Speech Communication: Unions; Womens Studies

ABSTRACT This collection of abstracts is-part of a continuing . 'series'providing information on recent doctorgl dissertations.The'20 titles deal with-A variety oftopics, including the following: (1) the campaign communication during the Carter-Pordtelevision debates: (2) apprehensiveness and performance inpublic speaking; (3)a history and criticism 9f-the Vietnam antivar;movement:((4). a case study of institutional rhetoric and radical :Change (thecontemporary Roman Catholic Church in America):(5) synthesizing methodologies' used,:in the study of political communication during the 1976United States presidential election campaign:(6) the audience effects of (7) rhetorical vision and black social reality: 4 apoliogetic discourse: (8),a case study of organizational apologia. (theAmerican Federation of Labor, 1945-1956): and rhetorical analysesof the speeches/discourses of (9) Dorothy bay for the Catholic Worker movement, (10) British Conservative Party leader MargaretThatcher., (11) Charles Betts Galloway,(12) Carl Schurz,(13) Cleveland mayoral Candidate Arnold Pinkney,(14) Richard Nixon on Vietnam, (15) United States Senator Wayne Morse on Vietnam, (16) Supreme Court Justice Wilgam 0. Douglas on the First Amendment, (17)'U. S.presidential ca#aidate George McGovern, (18) Hu Shih on the ChineseLiterary re4olution (1915-1920), (19) selected women speakers during 1850'1860, and (20) the American conservation movement, 1865-1913. (PI)

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Rhetoric and Public Address:

Abatracts of Doctoral Dissertations Published in Dissereation Abstratts International, January through June 1980 (Vol% 40 414 Nos. 7 through 12)

Compiled by the Staff of tke 0 ERIC Clearinghouse on'Reading and Communication Skills

"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY obniversity Microfilms International

TO THiEDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION _CENTER (ERIC)"

40.

. The dissereatiom titles contained here are published with permission of the University Microfilms International, publishers of Dissertation Abstracts International (copyright01980 by Universfty Microfilms International), and may not be reproduced without their p'rior permission.

0%. Thin bibliography has been compiled as part of a continuing series designed to make informption on relevant dissertationsaOlilable to users 01the ERIC system. Monthly issues of Dissertation Abstracls International are reviewed in order to compile abstracts of dissertations on related topics, which thus become accessible in searches of the ERIC data base. Ordering information, for the dissertations themselves is included at. the end of the bibliography. Abstracts of the following dissertations are included in this collection:

Anderson, Ruth Diana Hunter, Deborah France& Atwater THE CHARACTER AND'COMMUNICATION OF ARNOLD PINKNEY AND THE 1971 CLEVE- A MODERN-DAY ,PROPHET: A RHETORICAL LAND MAYORAL CAMPAIGN: THE CASE ANALYSIS OF DOROTHY DAY AND THE FOR THE STRATEGY OF FLEXIBLE CATHOLIC WORKER MOVEMENT RESPONSES

Brydon, Steven Robert Jablonski, Carol Jean THE CARTER-FORD TELEVISION DEBATES: INSTITUTIONAL RHETORIC AND, RADICAL CHANGE: A STUDY IN CAMPAIGN COMMUNICATION THE CASE OF THE CONTEMPORARY ROMAN CATHO- LIC CHURCH IN AMERICA,'1947-1977 Bunetta, Teresa Hicks Kay, pck MARGARET THATCHER, BRITAIN'S THE SPOKESMAN FOR A NEW CONSERVATISM: ' A SYNTHESIS4 METHODOLOGIES USED14 A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PARTY STUDY OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION APPLIED CONFERENCE SPEECHES (1975-1978) TO THE 1976 SIDENTIAL ELECTION CAM- (VOLUMES I AND II) PAIGN

Frye, Paul Arthur McClearey, Kevin Eamon ' 'APPREHENSIVENESS AND PERFORMANCE IN AUDIENCE EFVECTS OF APOLOGIA: A SOCIAL PUBLICISPEAKING SCIENCE AdALYSIS OF FOUR SUBGENRES OF APOLOGETIC DISCOURSE Handford, Charlene Jeanette Mead, Judith Lee A RHETORICAL STUDY Qe SELECTED CEREMONIAL SPEECHES OF CHARLES A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF REPRESENTATIVE BETTS GALLOWAY, 1893-1908 SPEECHES OF SELECTED WOMEN SPEAKERS IN

AMERICA: 1850-1860 ' Harwood, Glenn Reid Murphy, William Francis THE MOVEMENT FOR ASSIMILATION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE. RHETORIC RHETORICAL PROCESSES AND PATTERNS IN THEr OF CARL SCHURZ NIXON ADDRESSES ON VIETNAti AND RELATED,

NEWS COVERAGE '

Hensley, William EdWard Neal, William Patrick THE VIETNAM ANTI-WAR MOVEMENT: HISTORY AND CRITICISM SENATOR WAYNE L. MORSE AND THE QUAGMIRE' OF VIETNAM, 1964 1968

4 Oravec, Christ ne

NI% ..STUDIES IN TEE RHETORIC OF THE CONSERVA- .TION MOVEMENT IN AMERICA, 1865-1913

4 \ Ribeau,ISidney Allen RHETORICAL VISION--BLACK SOCIAL REALITY

Rwigers, Raymond Sinclair JUSTICE WILLIAM 0.'DOUGLAS ON THE FIRST AMENDMENT:. RHETORICAL GEN- RES IN IUDICIAL OPINIONS

Rosenthal; Robert Edward A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE 1972 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN OF GEORGE STANLEY MCGOVERN

Rybacki, Karyn Charles A GASE STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL APOLOGIA: THE AMERICAN FEDER- ATION OF LABOR, 1945-1956

Wei, Shulun A STUDY OF.HU SUR'S RHETORICAL DISCOURSES ON THE CHINESE LITER- ARY REVOLUTION: 1915,20

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, . The debates pc: lot timed several functions'lime debate for- 111F ( "HaRAC1 ER AND COMMUNICATIONOE A MOIII.RN- mal folced the i undulates to address policy is Slier:, although DAY PRONIF 1:A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS 01I/0110111Y the Issues lathed did not reflect maim publui oil( el elsThe DAY AND -11111 ("A 1)401IC WORKERMOV1 M1.N I debates functioned an a catalyst for viewerl, bonding policy Oidei No NOthl`.0 isue positions, par ty wrier ences, and candidate 'me i !Nsialttie 19 19 ,),,pp into o v e r a l l Imager. of the candidatesMost votem a wel e rein- ANDFIVION Ruin 11iANA, I'll I)1 /fillet _say 4 0/ e. xyri, forced t athel th an i (inverted try the debates, and it fa unlikely Adviser: Di Dominic A 1 Alms() that the election's outeome was.altered by the enc ~items Audi- This study desinbed, analyred, andevaluattdseler ted sperr ha of ence pet c rid loos were influenced !nattily try media- created ex- A levww of the ,. Dorothy Day, leadero.f I..ch (,._.t.ii.n 'LI) I Joi_etPs I movement pectations and poet debate inter pt e tat ion a hteratwe in the (halm telistits of InOVellient, andtheidin of kaders of The debates attracted and retained large audiences, although movemenct indicated that a leader, of aradnal term manorial movement viewer did not find them ent 4.11:x111111gTime debates stimli- ITIUSt vocahie the radical dmansiactionwith the political establishment and lated campaign (mite irSt and. inteipem".onal discussion, bUt had st the same tone propose lefoonswithin the religious establishment The little effect on voter turnoutThe env (Xintela c ont 1 Ibuted mar- hterature indicated that the leader of a radicaliefoi mammal movement ginally to the legitimation of the elecho al prim- eas through the directed towar(Is both a political and relignmsestablislum:nt would be: use of historical sites and the use of debateThe agleernent 0) 1m-sorra/hi familiar with both the political sot tatand thr I eligious by the candidates to debate did, however, signal a significant mystical neeth of humanity: (2) able to colminum ate aioraningful mesyge belief in the validity of 4he democratic system and ( I) able to atom and to both the teligious and political establishments. Panelists asked About issues, forced clarification, and pro- maintain followers Seven hypotheses emergedflow the literature and were philosophy of Doi othy vided refutation of candidate claimsPanelist a failed toeflect later evaluated after a description of the life and major public cone e iii a and demonstrated bias in the final ebate. Day; the philosophy, programs. and issues of the CatholicWoilrer of the discourse of Jimmy Caller identified himself -with the people a the movement. and the extrinsic and ioUinsie analysis people with the pi esidency .slle reaf fit med a faith in the people'. Dorothy Day was dehneated The first hypothesis was: Dmothy Day's resulting in dual ability to govern and offered himself as ii vehicle to do their rhetoric should demonstrate a sensitivity to two audicrucs will. Carter promised to AU), a divided people. His strategy purposes Simultaneously, her thelmicshould radi011y confront the their-hoofs system This hypothais,, was to demonst rate that tie Was knowledgeable and specific political system and moderately leform about issues, competent, arid willing to apologize for past rnis- was confirmed in that Doily Dayradically objected to the impersonal, greedy, violent ethic stimulated by the A MenGill casilast system and also tikes. Carter 4irtivertectiGe raid Ford's image by identifying promoted policies. programs, and values of a new order,ased on reforms him with Richard Nixon and the Republican party, and disasso- in the religious cLstabhshment Ilypothesis Two suggestedthat Dorothy ciating him from the peopleCarter accused Ford of distortion Day's slietolic should function to attract and intensifythe commitment of in a number of hts statements. the workers within the movement Because Dorothy Day'sspeeches to the Ford identified himself with the institution of the presidency, Selmal public did not address the memberswithin the movement, no which he claimed had been returned to a position of integrity conclusion can be drawn about the intensification of corninitmentby the and trust under tTis administ ration.A major obstacle for Ford workers However het rhetoric did Milan numerous newmembers. was,the svay he came into office and his pardon of Nixon.Ford Hypothesis Three was: Dorothy Day's rhetoric should encompassthe , argued that he had earned a full term as President by doing a good job, unifying the people, and reaffirming basic American prophetic-oracle structure of proclamation. condemnation, and prediction. This hypothesis was partially confirmed in that she did follow the values.Ford's attempt to demonst rate his competence was proclamation and condemnation aspect of the oracle but did notutilize the undermined by his misstatement about Soviet domination of prediction cornponent Hypothesis Four was Dorothy Day's rhetoric Eastern Europe, which was widely publicized in the media. should use appeals to the emotions through vivid stories and extended Ford's attempts to subvert Carter's image were largely un- exaMples 114 hypothesis was confirmect Hypothesis Five predicted that successful.His identification of Ca rter with the Democratic Dorothy Day's rhetoric would include revolutionary, con flontational majority in Congress was inappropriate for a Minority party strategies when addressing the political establishment and moremoderate, candidate who needed Democ ratic support. reformational strategies when addressing the rehgious estabhshment. This The debates were successful in presenting voters with in- hypothesis was confirmed Hypothesis Six was: Dorothy Day's rhetoric formation about the candidates, their issue positions, and their should dernonsoate an intense identification with the nee.,11s of the destitute images of the presidency. Unlike the 1960 presidential debates, of humanity and the purpbses of God This hypothesis was confirmed in neither candidate suffered f rom an inferior television image. that Dorothy Day's life and communication reflected an awareness of the Although the 1976 debates contributed to the legitimatiiin of the needs of people and the design of God Hypothesis Seven was: Dorothy democratic process, the attempts by both men to subvert their Day's rhetoric should portray a -higher wisdom, a more profound senseof opponent initimited the- legitimation of the presidency and the men who sought it. just justice to sund above inctosistencies by articulating overarching , i principles" Dorothy Day did not waver in her message of the ultimate good . The results of this study were compared to findings from of love and peace_ She met the various issues of the day by adhering to the studies of the 1960 presidential debates. Recommendations simpk but radical principles espoused in Matthew 25: to feed the hungry, to were proposed for future presidential debates.Implications clothe eft naked, and to offer hospitality to the sick and imprisoned for theory and research were discussed. Hypothesis Seven was confirmed. Clearly, Dorothy Day's rhetoric remained a pervasive, prophetic influence to both the political and religious establishmenu between the MARGARET THATGIElit, BRITAIN'S SPOKESMAN FOR A NEW years 1963 and 1976. In the tradition of the piophets, she called for a simple, CONSERVATISM: A RtIETORICAL ANALYSIS OP THE PARn' spedfic action to be taken in order to alleviate the injustices existing in the CONFERENCE SPEEMES (1975-1978) (VOLUMES I AND 11) Dorothy Day used anent political, social, and religious establishments Order No. 7927513 appropriate rhetorical Strategies to enhance her gaols. BUNETTA, TERkSA HICKS, PH.D. The Louisiana State University alnd Agricultural and Mechanical Cot, 1979. 257pp. Supervisor: Professor THE CARTER FORD TELE VISION DEBATES: A STUDY IN Owten Peterson CAMPAIGN COMMUNICATION In February, 1975, Great Brit'ain's Conservative and Unionist Party BRYDON, Steven Robert, Ph.D. University of Southern Cali- elected the Right Honorable Margaret Thatcher, M. P. to the position of fornia, 1979. Chairman: Professor Walter R. Fisher Leader of the Party. The Conservative Party was at that time a minority party; thus Mrs Thatcher became the Leader of Her Majesty's Otiposhion. Mrs. Thatcher became the first woman in Britain ever to head a rrikisr . This studyCombined a transaction31 model of political communication with dramatism to descrille, to analyze, and to eval- pbiltical party. She emerged after an intense ideological' stniggla within the uate the 1976 presidential debates. -Audience needs for and Conservadve Party. In the battle for the party leadership she defeated viewer uses of the information provided by the encounters Edward Heath, then leader of the Party and former Prime Minister. From formed the basis for critical evaluation. Debate functions were the time of hertlection in February, 1975, until the defeat of the determined by an examination of relevant empirical research. GOVernment in April, 1979, Mrs. Thatcher continued.to rally strength and The description, analysis, and evaluation of the candidate's ,unity as the leader of the party. She led a shift in the ideological focus of the Conservative Party from the left to the right; instead of a party in sympathy .41111Mteparfbrmances were biased on videotapes and transcripts. with the social demociats and what sonie regal ded as -a palatabletuand of Additional hypothesis testing indicated that %%omen had higlict PRCA British Socialism". the Conservatives wider Margaret thatcher he aine %Cores than did men (I. 7 (19. p OW However dalcierue waS proponents of free entel prise and de-nationalization found between %cite-% on speech evaluation !Armes Males tended to &COM On Wednesday. March 28. 1979, Prime Minister lames t albghan's lower Oian females on both the NW A aitri-thf.,MMPI PAM(/ cal sfAit I hiC stryvestO that sianic wontrn report Minority Government fellIhe vote was 11 I1 10 on a «rnsure motion (1: I I Si. p 0(11) brought by the Opposition that amounted to a vote of Lonfidenr eAfter his etperieni ing mole (A, inch111.1s ICIld 10 iitili,iu 01111ICA phObll denial defeat Callaghanwent to Buckingham Palace to propose thatQueen strategies to r ripe with feelings of feat in timely `4 ) with plight speaking Elizabethdissolve Parliament as Stxin as the essential business was finish5d .PRCA st rites «in elated negauvelv and set the electron of a new llouse of ( ommonsfor May 1 expenem e bin no squill( am reckinonstop %sac found between l'RCA scores Although several biographies of Margaret Thatcher HI e in print, none and chtonologu al age Speel. MI1.111011 st Oles \Me IRA %IF Ian antly analyze; the rhetorical skill which she had demonstrated throughout her related either to public spe.ak mg ex penen«. 01 to 11R( 'A mores I lowever, career The period of this study isof particular interest to the citric. duhng student m.ores on a midterm examination (metaled phsfAvely with Hew the four year penod (1975-1978) Mrs Thatcher rose in pi ominentewithin speaking e% ahration scones (r 21 on Speer h 1. (in Speech 2; her own party and gained a wider acceptance by thepublic as- a plospective 4 5 on Speech 3) These findIngs suggested that public speaking Prime Minister As leader of the Conseivative Party. Mrs Thatcherbecame performance was enhamed through expr c to theuretival ((incepts related the voice and standard bearer for a new conservatism1 o a great eitent sh-e HT public speaking While the results iI I that CA decreased as public was the one responsible for convincing the publicthat the ( 'onservatives speaking experience increased, thc lae tionship between! either were able to govern mote effectively thanlabor. and must importantly. that PRCA sun es or public speaking experience scor es and performance they would do sa as a result of her leadership evaluations suggested that increased confidence does not necessarily mean This study foeuses on the party conference speeches delivered byMrs. improved public speaking performance Thatcher annually from 1975-1978 On these occasions Margaret Thatcher hnplications of the them coral model and empirical findings fothe spoke to both the members of the Conservative Party in Owimmediate teachings of public speaking. CA intervention strategies, and audience and to the general public through the medium of television: thus communication apprehension theory were discussed. on these occasions, she spoke ttuonsiderablylarger audiences than she did on any other occasions during theperiod Those party_conferences provided A RHETORICAL STUDY OF SELECTEDCEREMONIAL outline an the leader of the Conservative Party with an oppominity to SPEECHES OF CHARLES BETTS GALLOWAY,1893.1908 alternative course for the nation and her party Thewrittelkdranscnpts of the Order No. 8013118 speeches re veal Margaret Thatcher's dominant theme to be thenecessity in leading Bruain out of soaahsm and re-establishing afree market economy HAT:DR/RD. CH &RI I NI HAM iii, Ptt DThe I oumana Stine University These speech* offer the rhetoncal critic an opportunity toeilaluate the and Agriculturalanti M echonlail ('ol19-79 276pp Supers isor: Dr. depict the effectiveness of a speaker whose goal for each speech was to Harold Mixon plight of Great Bntain for a widely diversified audience.The intellectual ed by Charles and emotional make-up of the-audiences presented thespeaker with This dissenation anal).res six ceremonial addresses delis er the pccasiona challenges unlike any she encountered on other speech occasions. Betts Galloway between 1891 and 1908. Of the six discourses of a new nate Margaret Thatcher's party conference speeches from 1975-1978 are included the dedication of Millsaps Collese, the dedication in the South, a likely to have contributed to her credibility as a future headof state. This capitol, the Seventh Annual Conference for Education study examines her goals as a speaker, the way in which shesought to commencement day address, and twolecture series Dedicated to a variety his personal achievithem and the general effectiveness of her party conferencespeeches of causes. Gilloway utilized these ceremonial events to express the role of the New from 1975-1978. sentiments regarding the value of Christian education, South, educational and legal justice for Necks. tihe actionsof Jefferson Davis and the South before and during the Civil War,Ithechurch's suppon of APPREHENS1VENTSS AND PERFORMANCE LN PUBLIC missions, and the influence of Protestant Christianity over government. The study produced five conclusions First, Gallowayapparently took Oldfr No. 8003132 SPEAKING great care in researching and preparing his speechesOften stating or clearly Flew, PAtn. ARTHUR. Pit D. University of Denver. 1979 16A2pp. implying his theme arid purpose, the orations suggest that thespeaker followed a carefully thought-out plan His personal scrapbookcontains This empirical study was concerned with describing the relationship utilized in Itig berliveen communication apprehension (CA) and performative quality in clippings of quotations, lines of verse. etc., which he possibly ideas employed by public speaking Previous researchers (e.g Fnemuth. 1976; McCroskey, public discourses, and his oratory occasionally contained other speakers such as the separate-but-equaltheory of race relatioft 1976) suggested that as an individdal's level of fear or anxiety increased, his Exposition or her public communication effectiveness decreased_ Research on "Panic- pretiously atIvocated by.Booker T. Washington in his "Atlanta Feer in asthma, however, suggested that for individuals with relatively Addret.- Not totally dominated by unrealisticidealism. Galloway's with Nebo strata ego controls a high level of fear er anxiety may be beneficial. orations reveal a practiialstrategist who worked as best he could his A theoretical model of CA in public speaking was derived from the 1,, opportunities were availableand utilized his knowledgeof his region, dterature on communication apprehension, reticence, speech anaiety, stage education, and his extensive travels as sources. result of his Might, the characteristics of good and poor speakers, the Panic-Fear Second, Galloway took up the New South cause as a after the Ovil War. speech communication theory. The rpodel suggested that the experiences in the South before, during, and research, and of Mississippi amoog levelofintensity of CA in conjunction with the individuart typical coping Undoubtedly his years as a student at the University Lamar made a lasting impression. Ai response style in stres§ful situations determined public speaking such Confederate veterans as 1-- Q. C. a young minister hk upsuch controversial causes as prohibition,and performative outcomes. outspoken on behall'of Nut! The tesearch hypothesis predicted that individuals with high CA but during his years assa baop he was more opponunititsfor blacks and other progrtssive ideas,defying ppwerNI adaptive or moderate Panic-Fear coping response styles would outperform politician who was forced * othen onclassroom speeches. McCroskey's (1978) PRCA was used as leaders such as lames K. Vardaman. Unlike the worry about the next election andthe minister who could be relocated; measure Of CA and the MMP1 Panic-Fear scale (Dirks. Jones & Kindler% high level of ethos 1977) was used to indicate differential coping respodse styles. College Galloway's secure position within the church and his enabled him to speak out on political andsocial ideas. These circumstances .1 students enrolled inspeech communication courses at the University of the role of a New South Denver panidpated inthe study, and classroominstructors provided combined to make him a logical person to assume spokesman in Mississippi. performance evaluation seores on student speeches. heroic leaders, or Panic- Third, through his praist of the South's great past and Analysis of the data indieateduo relationship between PRCA within that region, thereby evaluation scores on any given speech. However,supplementary ralloway encouraged a feeling-of self confidence Fear sod the way for the advocacy Of the New Southcreed analysis indicated that individuals withhigh PRCA and moderate. Panic" Paving whohad Fourth, in some ways Galloway was similar to otherNew South Fees scoresimproved more across threespeeches than people Civil War but reached approaching advocates.who were too young to have served in the moderatePRCA and moderate Panic-Fear scores. While only Galloway held other traits ia ,10), these results suggested that maturity during Reconsuuction. Specifieally; significance (between .05 and Walter Hines Page of North Carolinaamf with adaptive coping msponsestyles may utilise high levels tif common with spokesmen such as people. Riched Hathaway Edmonds of Viyginia whowanted educational beneffn tattainunication apprehension productively. fot bla( is and Bishop A tticus Green Haygood of (;roigiaarid Ilenry 1he findings of the study indicate that two general modes of poles* Watterson of K rum( k y who smelt an end to se( tionalismlbough the arose One, a mole modetate fonn (ailed "argumentative pi otesf," sought to South possessed a +(altering of New South ads mates, }irgrlrntrid in the maintain a dialog mei the war issue by establishme an ele.ment of common southrastein MAU'S, (;alloway was apparently the inaptspolesman iii mound with the opposing side This Was done by advoi:itinga moderate Mississippi withdrawal poll( v. leeping the style of the protest respeifurl, seeking 10-11. In spite of the lijinLed int unistani es of his tune and legion. suppoit from establishin t ityit minim ie is.Mill !WiltingtheproteSt message Galloway was immense]) popular and managed to assert influence over to the wai issue A e ru ore radical form c.dled -counter sntement social and pcilitical Mlles and in determine the otnuse of esentswithin his protest,- sooght tO tablish a separateonflict mg view on wai which was .state However, his primary significance seems as afoiciunnel of others who not constrained b eptability factors In general, this latter loon were to folio% with more liberal ideas, his oratorymarking the beginning of demonstrated t sign&anceof theorinter statement through the number a long and arduous campaign for prceressand civil liberties in Mississippi. of follmvens tacted and thmugh punishment power Methods used to achieve thiineludelf ailvoiating an unmodified witbdiawal policy, THE MOVEMENT FOR ASSIMILATION:A' CRITICAL atter-11pm to embr ate all protest philosophies staging newsaltuthy ANALYSIS OF THE RHETORIC OF CARL SCHURZ activit .and on occasion disnipting elements of public life and moment Order No. 8005761 -The data in& Med that anti war protest heiame mole radiezl as the HARWOOD, GI INN REID,hiDUnivrtsily of Oregon, 19-19260pp. - mos einem and war involvement grew, Although protests organized undera Adviser Challey leistner tinter slat ement philosophy wete successful at pr oducing massime nouts,There was a pronounced 1 eactroll against such style by a majority The purpose of this research has been to analyze the rhetoric Cif Carl of he public Argumentative piotest was successful at engaging Schurz, Secretary of the Intenor from 1877 to 1881, as it applied to the 3 number of establishment figures in their act nitre's. which by 1969 became substantial. * advocacy of a federal poliCy of assimilation of Amencan Indians Schun led Overall, this research suggesttd that the Vietnam piotest was not overly - an organised, instounonalued and collective effort to !noddy federal Indian effective at changing public opinion or military policy Although public policy veithin the Department of Interior Schurz used persuasive Arateliesstralegies analogous to the descnptions of Ralph R 5mitli and attitudes toward the war changed over the course of several years, much of-- the newly held attitudes were separated from adherence to antilwar Ressel R. Windes 'to convince Cong less to accrpt the innovati6n of general movement viewpoints. allounent The allotment system ot the severalty plan would change federal Indian policy from concentration and reservatiog to the innovation of ARNOLD R. PLNXNEY AND THE 1911 CLEVELkND MAYORAL assimilation.. The pohcy of severalty called for afiotment of Indian lands in fix simple to individual Indians vielo would be granted patents for specified CAMPAIGN: THE CASE FOR THE STRATEGY OF FLEXIBLE sections of land_ RESPONSES Order No. 8005673 New Sehurr's innovational movanent Ibr the adoption of general allotment Htmmt, DI-HOIWI FRANCES A TwATFA, Pit D.State University of foct4ted its innovative persuasive strategies and rhetorical efforts on the York at Bidfalo,1979. 232pp. membess of the Congressional committees who held the legitimate power to The study vas designed to critically examine the use of flexible dtange policy. He denied the existence of conflietween ses crafty and the responses by the black Independent, Arnold R. Pink ney in the 1971 existing values of Amencan society. He developed an argument which_ Cleveland mayoral campaign. The 1971 aeveland mayoral campaign begas emphasized the weaknesses of traditional institutjonsspecifically the 'N after the primaries on September 28. 1971. The general issues in the military and the Department of the Interiorand the strengths of traditional. campaign related to jobs, housing, finances of the city, health services. values. Finally, he created a dialectic between the innovational movement's recreational facijitieS, transportation, neighborhood and downtown scene and its purpose: the assimilation of American Inctans into the white redevelopment, public safety, and improvements within the police mainstream. department_ The situationally controlled issues centered on Carl B. Stokes, Schurz': strategy was designed to win votes in Congressional his administration, and his actionsslueing the campaign. The winnen of the coounitten. The strategy was not intended to alienate Congressmen and Democratic and Republican nominations were James Carney and Ralph Senators from their fonstituencies by publicly stiffing up emotional Perk respectively. Mayor Stokes and the black community were responsible reactions to volatile sectional issues. For these reasons, Schurz chose not to for Carney's upset victory over pany-supponed Anthony Garofoli. Stokes deliver traditional public speeches on the issue of Indian affairs until he left had a personal and political grievance against Garofoli and usedthe black office in 1811 While in office Schurz used intra.bureaucratic documents and vOie to defelat him in the primary. Shortly after the primaries, Stokee testimony before Congressional committees to persuade Congress to adopt changed his endorsement from Carney to Pinkney. This particular acdoo t. allotment 0 caused considerable confusion in the playing arena.Segments of the Sdiuris persuasive strategy illustrated the adaptability of clvsical Cleveland population were already weary of Stokes' personality canons to persuasion in innovational movements. An analysis of Schwa's . confrontations, parfy squabbles, power struggles, and political maneuvering. bureauaatk documents illustrated that Schurz created aprima faciecase for In order tb assess Pinkney's communication failure, thestudy explored the in established Indian policy. context of the political players and playing arena, the natureof flexible dgeuKlanyof the provisions of Schures plan were adopted by the House rd responses, and Pink ney's political discourse strategies andspeaking Style. Representatives on May 28, 1880. Although no final action dealing with the Six flexible responses wtre identified in political campaigns. TheHunter allotment of Indian lands was taken by the Forty-fifth or Forty-sixth Paradigm of the manifest categories of flexible responses were: (1)direct Coot resses, the innovatiOnal movement for Indian reform was effective. response;(2)indirect response; (3) others response;(a)directiveand TheDawes Severalty Act which became law on February 8, 1887 comaised (b)non-directive; (4) action response; (a) positive or (b) negative,(5)pre- many of the same proyisions that were presented to the House by Schurz anptive response,and (6)no response Directresponse was identified as an bad on January 27, 1879. laid against a political player by S. open vocal or written reaction to a charge the oppositionIndirect responsewas identified as an illusion thatsomething THE VIETNAM ANTI-WAR MOVEMENT:HIStORY AND said by the opposition is contrary ta the political player's position.Others ounasm Order No. 8005771 responsewas isolated as the response by the politicalplayer's campaign organization and the response may bedirective,controlled by the political HENSLEY, WILLIAM EDWARD, PH DUniversity of Oregon, 1979.291pp. player ornon-directivecontrolled by the organization.Action responsewas Adviser: Charley A. Leistner defined as a physically demonstrative reaction to the opposition's chargesby This study fpcused on a number of rhetorical issues pertaining tothe the political player. The actibn may bepositiveornegativedependingupon Vietnam anti-war movement_ How effective was the movement inchanging the naturi of the charges by the opposition.Preernptiveresponse was public opinion and possibly influencing military policy? Whatrhetorial explained is a verbal atuck against the opposition based on the assumption approedies were available to leaders of the movement and which of these that the opposition is plinning to attack_No responsewas defined as making were selected forqmplementation? Did the overallapproach change during . no observable response to an opposition charge. These responses maybe She period? Were any panicular sparoaches more effectivethan others? In applied in other than accusatory situations and do not have to be the study concentrated on the period from March 1965 to May riccusations made by an opponent. Pintney's primary response was noresponse.Pinkney chose this strategy Tht method of investisadon used was historkal-critical. The mated* partly because of h4 special relationship with Carl Stokes and partly onadaed nand from accounts of protest activities in newspapers.protest because of his personality. By not responding to Perk's attacks on his literatuse, sad intlivtdual repasts, to protest messolesthemselves (speeches . persona during the campaign, Pinkney becameinflexible hod his persona pemphiets, placards), and public opinion data:Severaltheories from the was damaged. Itentaare of protest ind persuasion were also applied tothe historical Future studies of a comparative nature may be made of political players massedal to esSess their usefulness in analyzing theanti-war movqnent in campaigns by utilizing the Hunter Paradigm of the strategyof flexible

, . . fi responses. Apolitical player may be able to fortify his persona-during a

. campaign by using a combination of the strategy of flexible responses..

7., 4.,-,\4,:;ietem,o'oN'..-.... , ,.- -, . ,--' " I our methods of political communication analysis 11 IF are identified as INS1 ITUTIONAL RIIETORJC. ANDRADICAL CHANGE: dominant in academic research demographics, !WA sir r vey research, agenda CASA OF 11W CONTEMPORARY ROMANCATHOLIC setting and dramansm Far h method is I e irwed and ealuatedin terms of IN AMLRICA, 1947-1977 Order No 81)0S8911 usefulness and arirpiar iriii dvs( !dung. intelpicting. and es:doming pollOcal oampaigns Die «inclusion readied is that ea( h method provides JABLONSKI. ('AKOI JrAN, Pit I)Purdue University,197919?pp Miuor valuabk, although homed, insight to the natme of politualcampaigns Professor. Rodenck P. Ilartir In order to pull together material on campaigns andto better understand , Although studies in sociology and rhennic have documentedthe election campaigns, a synthesis model is proposedBrock's dramaustic film rhetorical responses made by institutional leaders to agitating and strip model, as supplemented with the methods of den lographimsurvey the ihetonc competing groups. little has been done to determine how research, agenda setting and dramatism is offered as a metamethod for addressed lb institutional pubhcs reflects the cuirents of social and studying campaigns The film strip model identifies three stages to political institutional change Such rhetoric might be affected by changes in an campaign analysis single frame anahsis time sequence anah %is. and As institution's philosophical world-view and hierarchical structure dramatistic inteiaction analysis argued, the Kathleen Jamieson, Michael McGee, and Edwin Black have rhe dram:lustre-film strip model is applied tq three aspects of the 1976 defined rhetoncally can reveal the ways in which a public is addressed and presidential election campaign (1) the 1976 Dernotratic presidential rhetoncai situation, and rhetor's vision of the people's needs, their common nomination campaign. (2) the 1976 Repuhlir an presidential nomination the rhetor's view of Mir shared social reality Moreover, asKenneth Burke relationship campaign, and (1) the 1976 pi esidenhal general election campaign Based and Hugh I)uncan have shgvn, rhetonc reflects the power upon these applications as well as upon a critical analysis of the model, it is thus reveal shared by leaders and mennAls of institutions and should concluded that the dramaustic film stop model constitutes a most valuable alterations therein contribut ion to political communication research. The metamethod offers a change has net study explores the effects radical social and institutional more complete system for studying election campaigns than is presently addressed by institutional leaders to on the ongoing public communication 'available The model provides a specific scheme which guides researchers in relationship their constituency. Specifically, it (1) explicates the functional their effort to discover important events in election campaigns The model (2) develops existing between institutional evolution and public discourse: also offers a mechanism for synthesizing critical and quantitative framework for investigating the rhetorical a theoretical and methodological approaches, thus enabling rhetorical critics to go beyond speculative institution which correlates of change: and (3) applies this framework to an judgMents Specific limitations of the model include its time consuming appears to have experienced radicalchange, i c., the contemporary Roman nature and its failure to identify hefty approaches should be used Catholic Church in America To see how the rhetoric of the. Church's leaders wasaffected by the philosophical and hierarchical changes brought about inthe Church as a result of the Second Vatican Council. this study examines115 pastoral letters issued by the Roman Catholic bishops in Americabetween 1947 and 1977..As a form of on-going communication between the bishopsand their AUDIENCE EFFECTS OF APOLOGIA: A SOCIAL SCIENCE diocesan following, the letters provided a basis for infemngthe rhetorical kNALYSIS OF FOUR SURGENRES OF APOLOGETIC patterns of institutional continuity and change. DISCOURSE Order No. 8002758 For the most part, the bishops consistently employed rhetorical patterns University of Kansas,1979. 119pp. of institutional continuity throughout the thirty years examined.They were MCCLEAREY. KEVIN EAMON, PH.D. authoritarian, absolutistic, defensive, and esoteric in their pronouncements: (1)Statement of the Protilern7-Whilecritics of rhetorical communication they expected hearers to supply doctrinal warrants for theirclaims and have identified subgenres of apologetic discourse through isolating appealed to doctrinal bases of listeners' support The ceremonialcontext in recurrent language strategies of rhetors, little is known about the prismatic which the tette* were typically read, coupled with the highlyrigidified role effects of discourses in these sybgenres and how those effects might alter of the bishop, militated against any dramatic revisions in therhetorical form arguments about generic form. This study, therefore, sought to assess the of the pastoral lett r. effects of four speeches (each one enacting a different subgenre of apologia) Nonethekss, the bishops' letters did reflect some rhetorical on an audience's perceptions of the moral character, competence, and manifestations of institutional change. During the late sixties andearly culpability of a rhetor whose moral character had been.attacked. seventies, they qualified their arguments moreoften angrequently used (2)ProcedureOne hundred eighty subjects read a counterfeit set of testimony to bsterTheir claims. They adopted apositiveXnd preferential charges against a rhetor's moral character and then (depending upon group concerned about assignment) either read a fufl or partial apologia replying to the theists or . approach to their argumentation, and became more "e\t." While many of the served as control group members. They then responded to four dependent .shaping hsteners' interpretationS of "good" 'and modifications in the bishops' messages wereunique W4he late 1960's and measures assessing their perceptions of the culpability_credibility (character *tidy 1910's, there is some evidence to suggest that someof the later letters and competence), and rhetorical stance of the apologist. Eight null , hive notreverted entirely to the rhetorical patteins typicalof the 1940's and hypotheses were tested by using factor analysis, analyses of variance, and 1950's. chi-square contingency tables. This study suggests that institutionalItisdurse may be less responsive to (3)ResultsIt was found that (a) each of the apologias heightened the pressures of change than it is to the formalexpectations for hierarchical significantly perceptions of moral character and reversed effectively rhetoric In times of change, it may be that theconservative imptilse perceptions of culpability, (b) audience members responded to strategies undergirding institutional rhetoric serves a stabilitingfunction. Future inherent in the discourse, not to the rhetorical stlilice of the apologist, (which studies will be necessary to completg the rhetorical historyof the previously has defined subgenres of apologia), and (c) audience members contemporary Roman Catholic Church and todetermine whether rhetorical could identify accurately, nevertheless, the rhetorical stance of the apologist. patterns Of the sort noted here are manifestin other institutions (4)Conclusions.It was argued that previous ways of defining the experiencing radical change. relationship among rletorical strategies, rhetorical stances, and audience effects have been ambiguous and inadequate. It was limper argued that, if evidence From social science research is to be brought to bear meaningfully upon investigations of rhetorical genres, then there must be a close and dtrect correspondence between the dependent measures used in research A SYNTHESIS OP METHODOLOGIESUSED IN THE STUDY APPLIED TO THE 1976 and the criterial effects sought by a rhetor enacting a particular form of OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION discourse. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN Order No. 8010151 KAY, JACK,PH.D. Wayne State University,1979. 394pp. The purpose of this study is four-fold: (1) todescribe the dominant metho4s and theories used in the study orpoliticalcommunication; (2) to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of current theoriesand methodologks; (3) to synthesize current* competingmethodologies into a comprehensive approach or model for studyiegpolitics! cdnununication; .liand (4) to *ply the newt; proposed model toseveral aspects of the 1976 presidential eledloa campaign. A RILL! ORICAL ANALYSIS OF RFPRESEN1 A 1-INT SPH.CIIES RIIF foltlt Al. 111(XT.titir.,ti AND PATt ERNS IN 1111: NIXON OF SEW 1 Fr) WOMEN SPFAKERS IN AMFRI(A7 IScO IMO 41)lW1 VII: [NAM AND RITA FED NEWS COVI RAGE Oider No 800144 Ordet No.8004870 MI-AD, Jul ill li I 11, Pit 1)Universirs. of Denver, 1979119pp MURPHY. Wil I 1AM I-RAN( is. Po 1)University of Pittsburgh, 1979 265pp The research pi oblem was two fold lust orically. col esentatiYe speeches Dims dissertatithi is an exploratory'. descriptive study of how political of selected women speakers taken from the period 1/00 I /160 in Amehca rtidolu eflects the legitimation or detegitimation of the policies and actions were studied to discover and indicate then influe4ice on One of the great of a particular authority figure, former President Richard M Nixon A movements of the day which was women's rights R helot Hall). the study rhetoricAl anafvcis is made of both the Nixon addresses to the nation on was designed to evaluate the relative effectiveness revealed by those Vietnam during 1%9 arid 1970 and the news coverage of those addresses, if speeches to discover if the speeches given by the selected women would order to determine how the relevant actors (refernng to persons, oonstitute rhetoric of a revolutionary social movement arid therefore be institutions. nations, or mx-io economic groupings) are characterized in representative of revolutionary social movement rhetoric in general The dramatic terms these char actenzations are then interrelated as patterns for method of research used in this study was the historical.critical method as the mobilization of support for Presidential policy, the quieting of defined byi Jeffry Auer following six specific steps- (1) Problem, opposition to that policy, and the skeptical interpretation of Presidential acts (2) Working hypothesis. (3) Reseaich design; (4) Collection of oidence, as motivated by partisan interests In the conclusion, the patterns and actor (5) Analysis of data: and (6) Generalization charactenzations are discussed with reference to their Impact on The study was divided Into four chapters Chapter One provided an cianceptions of legitimate authonty and opposition in contemporary introduction of the subject and outhned theyurposes and procedures of the Amencan political culture work_ ampler Two-defined and described revolutionary social movements In addition to the authority figure of President Nixon, a list Of generic as differentiated from rebellions and revolts It also set forth the ideologies types of actors is presented It includes the following: the nation and tbee which are present in the rhetonc of revolutionary social niovements, and people as a whole, past Presidents, experts. Amencan soldiers, foreign showed why revolutionary rhetonc is different froni the rhetoric of rebellion enemies, foreign allies, supporters of the President, and domestic and revolt Chapter Three looked at each woman speaker and each speech opponents Then the following classificatory scheme is used to determine individually, beginning with a bnef biographical sketch of the speaker.'end how the actors and/or their 'relationship to Nixon's policies are presented: proceeded to a rhetorical analysis of the speech. using the rhetoncal method (1) Motivational constitution attribution: reference to purposes and goals suggested by Thonssen and Baird which gives consideration to the matters 441 set down by past leaders as the sourceyir motives for a Nixon policy; of invention, I pscaproof. emotional proof, ethical proof. structure, style. (2) Personal or partisan atthbution: r&erence to personal or partisan delivery and the e IFctiveness of the speech and speaker. The second section interests or to Nixon's psychological charactenstics as the source of motives of Chapter Three "as concerned with a rhetohcal analysis of the for a policy: (3) Personification and identity validation: refereoce to the representative speeches of the selected women speakers as they represent characteristics of a national identity which must be validated: (4) Alien vs.. the rhetonc of a particular social mmement, using the rhetorical empathic: the definition of foreign or domestic opponents as either methodology for analyzing social movements offered by I lahn and hindamentally malevolent or as potentially sharing common goals with us; Gonchar Chapter Four presented a summary of the study and the (5) Authoritarian vs. communicative: presenting policy alternatives toward conclusions which were drawn from the analysis of the data It also enemies in terms of sotrigth and weakness or concilialion and indicated areas of research that might be undenak en by the student of undirstanchng; (6) Mobilization vs. quiescence: exhorting the audience to rhetoncal and public address in the future act in support of the leader against opponents as contrasted to appeals for The major findings of the study had to do with the relation of the common understanding with domestic opponents. rhetoric of the women's rights speakers to the nature and charactenstics of a Using the above categories, the seven Addresses to the Nation on revolutionary social movement. The first finding revealed that the rhetonc Vietnam are analyzed to determine the characterizations of the relevant actors. A common pattern is elicited for the Noven.ber 3, 1969, and April of the women's righu speakers showed a sense of hope rather than despair 30. 1970, addresses, as follows: (1) A motivational constitution of recent which is characteristic of a revolution rather than arebelhon or a revoltThe Presidents and a personified view of the nation and people as having the will second finding indicated that the women speakers identified their oppressor as society. The oppressor Was seen as an abstract conceptand in generalized, and courage to stand up to the enemy: (2) The need to validate this national terms rather than as someone who was real andtangible..This view of an identity through authoritarian policies against alien enemies and domestic oppressor is charactenstic of a revolutionary social movement ratherthan a opponents: (3) Personification of constituent supporters as the "silent rebelhon or a revolt The third finding revealed that the women speakers majority" being exhorted to mobilize and defend the national identity. offered definite and concrete plans and programs for the future which iS Another common pattern of characterization is drawn from the May 15, chancteristic of revolutions as conuasted to rebellions and revolts that are 1969, and October 'I, 1970, speeches announcing peace proposals: (1) A concerned only with the immediate present and are spontaneous and peace-loving nation whose leaders have always searched fOr peace: (2) An compulsive with no thought for the future. The fourth finding showed that empathic view of the enemy as likely to respond to a policyf negotiation revolutionary conflict has its roots in the shared attitudes and beliefs and in (communicative): (3) General exhortations of passive suprt (qinescence) shared activities and that the women speakers did share attitudes, beliefs, from both supporters and opponents. and activities and developed an ideology with which American women In otintrast, the skeptical interpretation of the media igr4res the could identify. motivational constitution of past leaders and the national identity. Instead: The conclusions were two. First, the speeches could be considered (1) Political partisan motives of the leader and his supporters are attributed influential forces in molding public sentiment in favor of wOmen's rights to their acts: (2) Little coverage is given to the foreign enemy; and iuues and the ideology which those issues represent Second, the speeches (3) Domestic opponents appear very empathic. were revolutionary in nature and therefore were representativeof the The conclusion discusses conceptions of Presidential authority and rhetoric of a special revolutionary social movement and revolutionary social opposition to that authority. In particular, the fate of the "silent majority" movements in general. vs. "anti-war minority" identities is explored with reference to theNiR011- Agnew rhetoric. Finally, the increasing acceptance & sk eptical interpretations of Presidential motives in the aftermath of Watergate and Its negative impact of belief in the legitimacy of Presidential authority are rr, suggested.

'4 ._J

Analysis of the essays comprising the literature of natural hisioly from QUAGMIRE OF $ENATOR WAYNE L MORSE AND THE 1865 to 1890 suggests that writers employed two common themes, the VIETNAM, 196-4-1968 Ovder No. 8005787 aesthetic theory of the sublime lesponse. and the scientific theory ofrieo- NEAL Witt.tAm PA IRKA, Pti 1)UniverSityofOregon. 1919. 274pp. Lamarck Ian evolution lioth oi these themes I einforced the traditional American belief in the formative psychological and physical eflects of Adviser: Charley A. leistner . nature upon human chalarter Ilw study shows that the wide dissemination In 1964 President Lyndon Johnson began a seriesfif stepswhich df this literature in monthly and weekly nugannes and the acceptability of widened and deepened the American unilateralmillary commitment to its themes-laid a foundation km the later populanty of the conservation Senator from Oregon. South Vietnam. Wayne Lyman Morse, senior movement emerged as a leading spokesperson for the antiwar movementopposed to Ihe campaign fru the (lotion of Yosemite National Park in 1890 the expanded commitment represented the beginning of John Muir's cal eer as an advocate of In the period 1964-1968 Wayne Morse presented severalhundred preserving wilderness in its natural Slate Investigation of John Muir's essays on-the evils of speeches in the United States Senate and around the country of natural history suggests that Muir effectively assotiated the sublime the United States involvement He received andanswered hundreds of aesthetic expenence with the activity of supporting the creation of a national thousands of telegrams and letters. He appeared onlocal and national radio part Though Muir dim ected his appeal pnmanly to elicit individual and television programs, and he published anewsletter which frequently responses, soon after the YOSCHIlle campaign a group of scientists, contained his ideas on Vietnam The antiwardiscourse of Senator Morse academics, and sonic businessmen founded the Sierra Club, an event which provided by the speeches, letters and telegrams.and mass media marked the beginning of organized preservationism , appearancesprovtded the matenal for the present study. A discussion of utilitanan or progressive conservation shows that this study First, what were Specifically, four questiatis were examined in the movement acquired an extensive popular following from 1907 to 1910 The vis-a-vis the Vietnam war/ the bases of the Morse rhetorical position discourse of prop essive conservationists succeeded in identifying the Second, how did the rhetorical positionevoilve? Third. what was the technical and bureaucratic tern "conservation" with development, Senate? Finally, what effectiveness of Morse as an antiwar speaker in the prevention of waste, and the moral welfare of a "people" who-dErived their was the effectiveness,of Morse as anantiwar speaker with the general strength from the resources of nature. The study explores how Gifford American public? Pinchotsucceededin populariting these ideals through government approach using a combination 'Me methodology used was a descriptive publications, speeches, and ceremonial meetings appealing to vocational biography of Morse was of historical and critical methodologies. A short and economic groups throughout the nation. in Vietnam. The interaction of 1 developed as well as a brief history of the war The final event discussed in thistilltudy, the Hetch Hetchy controversy of Morse and the war was examined using adiachronic time pattern 1901-1914, represented the clash of the two fundamentally different policies campaign was examined to (sequential development). The-Morse antiwar toward nature and society espoused by the preservationist,s and the discover the issues, strategics, tactics, networks,and media the Senator conservationistl Examples of their public discourse show that employed. conservationists claimed to represent "the public interest" in supporting a rhetorical posture was a broad-based The study suggested that the Mom dam in the Hetch Hereby valley of Yosemite National Park, while approach built on the idea that citizen involvementand citizen education preservationists developed a concept of "national" interest in the were the keys to changing theAmenmn policy. The Senator's discourse preservation of Hetch Hetchy. Moreover, the preservationists developed a I. was, for the most part, reasonedand highly informative. He disapproved of utilitarian argument based upon a future constituency of middle- dri and any illegal methods of and spoke against the use of civil disobedience tourists. However, the study determines that the pri working-class dissint. Progressive political audience for these public arguments ultimately The review of the Morse campaign suggestedthat the rhetorical position supported widely popular conservationist position based upon social, rather The first phase, from 1964 evolved through three phases of development than individual needs and values. groNwth highlighted by discovery through early 1966, was a time of dynamic . This study of thediscourse Of the conservation movement concludes that and refinement of issues, developmentand solidification of strategies and rialiguage effectively shaped public attitudes and actions toward nature by tactics. Old an increasing exploration andexploitation of media and integrating commonly-held aesthetic and scientific principles, transforming networks. The period mid-1966 through1967 marked a plateau in the passive appreciation of nature to active involvement, and setting ths Senator's discourse. Finally. in 1968 Morseentered a withdrawal phase from conditions for a wide public involvement with nature in the form of a social election defeat in November.1968 he the antiwar movement. Following his movement. In so doing, the discourse of conservation has directly affected withdrew completely from the antiwar movement - the way we experience and act upon our natural world. The study concluded that Morse was effectivein keeping the Vietnam issue alive before the Senate. Throughthe five years of his dissent he sew ten to fifteen of his Senate colleaguesshift to an antiwar position. Morse was the most prolific antiwar Senator in termsof number of speeches presented RHETORICAL VISIONBLACK SOCIAL REAUTY and number of issues raised. Heperhaps enjoyed his greatest effectiveness Order No. 8164242 and education for th people. His antiwar 'University as a source of information of Illinois ai Urbano-Chompaign, campaign was a monumental effort by one man todisseminate a large RIBEAU, SIDNEY ALLEN, PH.D. =of information to a large number of people.Part of the credit for the 1979. 255pp. participation' in the lensAmerican attitude toward the United States The relationship between Black protest rhetoric and Black social reality Vietnam war must be given to Wayne LMone. is the topic of this thesis. The study4focuses on the competing Black rhetorical perspectives emplbyed from 1954 to 1968 by moderate and militant factions of the Black protest movement Particular emphasis is given to the rhetoric of Dr. Martin Luther. King, Jr. and Malcolm X, who STUDIESIN THERHETORIC OF THE CONSERVATION represent the predominant rhetorical stancs of this period. Selected MOVEMENT IN AMERICA, 1864-1913 Order No. 8001618 messages of Dr. King, the Moderate, and Malcolm X, the militant, are - 01kAvISC, CHRISTINE, PH.D, The University of Wisconsin -Ma;Iison,1979. attically assessed as separate phases of the same movement with emphasis 377pp. Supervisor: Professor Edwin, Black placed on the rhetorical vision expressed in the messages. Previous investigations have, failed to consider militant and moderate From 1865 to 1913, many middle-class. predominately urban Amerieens discourse as phases of a continuing movement, or toconsidef the experienced an evolution in attitudes and actions toward their natural phiksophical perspective of protest rhetors as a controlling factor in environment fronrpassive acceptance and exploitationtt appreciation and.- messagedevelopment Employing a critical method which emphasizes the active social concern. This study examines the discursive language socially constructed reality of key rhetorical figures, this study examines the associated with four significant events signalling such a change: the growth movement from the perspective of those who guided it, thus explicating the in psyularity of the literature of natural history, the creation of Yosemite functions of rhetoric in a dynamic, evolving social ptiitest movement NlitiOnal Park, the origin of the utilitarian consenition movement, and the. blait over the building of a dam Pt Hetch Hetehy Valky. Each of these Vasa represents a signiacant development in the movement fbr oanservation,and its accoMpanying rse. fr

JUSTICE WILLIAM O. I)OUGIAS ON THE FIRST A CASE STUDY OF ORG tz AT1ONAL ARC/1.04;1A . AMENDMFNT: RHETORICAL CENRPS IN JUDICIAL THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LA DOR, 1945- )956 OPINIONS 01( lei No_ 8012292 Order No. 7928611 Romtas.RA1 MOND SINCLAIR.hi1)The Univers:1y of Oklahoma,1979 RYHACKI. Karyn charles, PhD The University of Iowa, 1979. 271pp N1ajorProfessoi.Paul A Rate field 222ppSupervisorProfessor jimice F. Gronbeck This study examined two hundied and seven of William 0 Douglas' Supreme Court opinions On first issues in an attempt to This cane study focused on theapologia of the American determine: (I) whethei judicial opimon% could be genetically classified Federation 01 Labor in its institutional self-defense between according to then junspiudential/rhetoncal bases; (2) what generic clusters 1945 and 195(3.The AFL was accused of being uncooperative typified Douglas' first amendment opinions; and (3) if such generic dusters and obstructionist in the efforts to put American economy on varied between majonty and non-majonty opinions a sound footing following World War II and of being a domestic Thebioad theot etic categot les of natural law, legal posiuvism,and kpl source of coininunism. In responding to these charges, the realismwet e adopted as the categories of a content analytic system for spokespersons of the AFLMatthew Woll, William Green, classifying substantive arguniNts within particular opinions Each of these Dave Beck, and George Meany--used an apologetic mode of jurisprudential orientations was synthesized into a hypothetil aigument speaking similar to that which an individual might use if con- form referred to tespectively as Aigument from Ideal. Argument fromRule, fronted with such charges: andArgument from Context and. the opinions were assigned tocmegones The phenomenon of the individual apologia has been exam- on thebasis of operational definitions of each and according to pre. ined in previous studies of public speaking. However, efforts determined guidelines for coding. to examine the case of an organization or institution publicly Theanalysis of opinions revealed that there exists (as reflectedin charged with misconduct or malfeasance have not been under- pouglas' first amendment opinions) a diaractenstie nexus between taken in previous studies of apologia. This oase study com- jurisprudential wanant arid rhetoncal content This dependenceof bined the methods for studying the apologia of individuals with rhetoricalsubstance upon legal philosophical warrant, combined with a confluxof institutional constrainis inherent in the U.S Supreme Court,led methods for examining the 'Oetnrical behaviors of collectivities. to aqualified affirmative claim that rhetorical genres exist in judicial Such a method was devised fir-combining the Ware and Linkugel opinion& Second. the analysis of opinions revealed thatDouglas generic (1973) factors of apologia /Denial, bolstering, differentiation, tendencies ran towardlegal positivism rather than thelegal realist and transcendence) with the Cox (1974) characterizations of philosophY with whi,ch he has most often been identified_ Natural law collective behavior-rbelief in rhetorical efficacy, movement rhetoric accounted for 8.7%ofilis first amendment opinions, legal positivist goals, change agents and their related constituencies (audi- ibetoriefor 56 5% and legal- realism for 34.8% The domination of the ences), source credibility, and message construction. "Argument from Rule- persisted in all opinion types, leading to the.third The historical self image of the AFL was found to be that \conclusion that no statisticallxsignificant genehc differences were found of an organization devoted to American democratic capitalism between majohty and non-majority rhetoric and to the protection and advancement of the skilled worker. nrther, the AFL saw itself as traditionally and philosophically anti-communist. The public image of the AFL was that of an organization imbedded in the American labor movement. Pub- licly, all labor organizations were seen as devoted to disrupt- A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE 1972PRESIDENTIAL ing.the economy through demands for higher wages, strikes, CAMPAIGN OF GEORGE STANLEY MCGOVERN and organizing activities among non-union workers. Also;the Order No. 8000047 public could point to "known" commtmiets in the labor movement; therefore, all unionists were perceived as communista. ROSENTHAL, Robert Edward, Ph.D. BowlingGreen State By the year 1945, the self image and public image of the AFL University, 1979.281(ip. reached a point of maximum differentiation. The AFL saw itself as dedicated to American principles. The public saw all This rhetorical analysis examined the 1972 Presidential labor unions as a threat to economic stability and national campaign of George Stanley McGovern. Several variationsof security. To correcethis mismatching of self and public imago, dramatistic methodology were utiliSaNd to criticize McGovern's APL leaders spoke outon behalf of their organization. campaign image. The analysis demonstrated that McGovern Three periods of AFL apologia were identified in this rhe- had become trapped by his non-political" campaign iniageand torical self-defense. Between 1945 and 1950, AFL speakers by his moralistic rhetoric. This resulted in a "paradoxof * attempted to respond directly to the charges by denying them. purity,' a rhetorical problem which was the result of the candi- With the advent of McCarthyism, the focus of AFL argumenta- dat's failure to comprehend and to use the inherent ambiguity tion changed as speakere attempted to redefine the organisa- ol language. tion's image between 1951 and 1955.Finally, as the AFL pre- This study also classified the rhetoric of both McGovern pared to merge with the CIO, AFL speaker Meany strove to and Nixon during the campaign according to the Weaveria% reaffirm the value of all organized labor to the nation in 1965 liberal/conservative paradigm.It was found that Nixon, the and 1956. 'Priest" of t.he present, generally argued from circumstanc, This study suggests that, in a rhetorical situation whore an the argumentative form Weaver believed to typify the political organization has been accused of being a threat to the society liberal. McGovern,' the admonishing "Prophet," was seen to of which it is a part, it will engage in apologetic speaking to be idealistis, basing his rhetorical aKrals in the fundamental resolve belief dilemmas simtlar to that which an individual righteousness of the American people. Weaver argued that would undertake. The AFL conducted an apologetic campaign such arguments from genus ate typical of the political con- and inet with partial success; key opinion leaders in society, servative. industry, and government accepted the AFL's reestablishment McGovern's greatest failure in hiscrimpaign *rhetoric was of its image as a worthwhile member el society. his inability to grasp the idea that language ambiguityis the .vry essenc ol the democratic pecreus. ( 4 OW A STUDY OF 111./ SHIHS RHETORICAL DISCOURSES ON THE CHAIESE LITERARY REVOLUTION:. 1915-20Order No. 8006126 Wm, Sinn UN, Ni n [fowling Green Store Inivertitv, 1979 275pp hi the I iteiary Revolution, .which maikei a vet), inipoltant milestone in modern Chinese history, Ilu Stith, an outstanding scholar, succeeded in *yr. SUbstituting the veinaculal for the long established and highly reined classical style of writing The old ways had become an inefficient medium for modern Communication This study analyzed the ideational process in which Flu dilected his rhetoncal discourses toward the audience and the revolutiunaly operation by which he adjusted the atidienee to his ideas .The study concluded that the nature of liu Shih's discourses was "instnunental" in pewey's meaning of the word Ills achievement was in the changing of the linguistic tool Hi did not create a literary tool. His rationale was built on a historical evolutionary theory whiqi maintained that language and literature are a function of the time in which they are used . The ascertainable sources of his ideas are traced to Confucianism, lbsenism as well as the thoughts of I)arwin, Huxley, and Dewey.Particularly relevant to the Literary Revolution were llu's sptech background and his useof et gradualism. It was further found that the significance of Ho's discourses was not confined to language and literature. The linguistic cognitive dissonance, that Hu had aroused in the audience, was psycho- socio-cultural and would affect thE fkiture transformation of the whole Chinese linguistic symbolic system.