Scuba Diving: Reactivity of Breathing of Sound, Color, and Object Sizes but Also to Deal with Surrounding Water
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Upper Respiratory Tract and Aural Flora of Saturation Divers
J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.31.8.721 on 1 August 1978. Downloaded from Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1978, 31, 721-723 Upper respiratory tract and aural flora of saturation divers D. M. JONES AND P. DAVIS From the Department ofBacteriology, Withington Hospital, Manchester M20 8LR, UK SUMMARY The conditions of helium saturation diving promote the proliferation of Gram-negative bacterial species in the external auditory meatus of divers. These changes in flora occurred in the absence of operational diving, that is, no contact with water. The colonising bacteria were auto- genous in origin and cross-colonisation was observed between divers. On return to normal atmos- pheric conditions the aural flora became predominantly Gram-positive again within 48 hours. The slow return to normal pressures by deep-sea a high ambient temperature (30°-350C), and the divers, necessary to avoid decompression sickness, relative humidity is high. restricts the period that can be maintained at depth. Underwater exploration is a relatively new indus- This problem is overcome by the saturation diving try and by its nature is extremely dangerous. It is technique whereby the divers are maintained at high important that divers remain fit during the conduct of pressure in their living quarters and are transported a saturation dive because if a diver becomes unwell to the sea bed in a detachable diving bell. The com- the extreme slowness with which decompression can copyright. pression chamber and transfer chamber are anchored be carried out means that immediate medical atten- to the deck of an oil production platform, and the tion is not readily available. -
Hypothermia and Respiratory Heat Loss While Scuba Diving
HYPOTHERMIA AND RESPIRATORY HEAT LOSS WHILE SCUBA DIVING Kateřina Kozáková Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Department of Biomedical Labo- ratory Abstract One of the factors affecting length of stay under water of a diver is heat comfort. During scuba diving there is an increased risk of hypothermia. Hypothermia is one of the most life threatening factors of a diver and significantly affects his performance. The body heat loss runs by different mechanisms. One of them is the respiratory mechanism, which is often overlooked. Compressed dry air or other media is coming out from the cylinder, which have to be heated and humidified to a suitable value. Thus the organism loses body heat and consequently energy. Based on literature search the article will describe safe dive time in terms of hypo- thermia in connection to respiratory heat loss. Key words: hypothermia, heat loss, respiration, scuba diving, water environment Souhrn Jedním z faktorů ovlivňujících délku pobytu potápěče pod vodou je tepelný komfort. Během výkonu přístro- jového potápění hrozí zvýšené riziko hypotermie. Hypotermie představuje jedno z nejzávažnějších ohrožení života potápěče a zásadně ovlivňuje jeho výkon. Ke ztrátám tělesného tepla dochází různými mechanismy. Jednou cestou tepelných ztrát je ztráta tepla dýcháním, která je často opomíjená. Z potápěčského přístroje vychází suchý stlačený vzduch nebo jiné médium, který je třeba při dýchání ohřát a zvlhčit na potřebnou hodnotu. Tím organismus ztrácí tělesné teplo a potažmo energii. Tento článek, na základě literární rešerše, popíše bezpečnou dobou ponoru z hlediska hypotermie a v souvislosti se ztrátou tepla dýcháním. Klíčová slova: hypotermie, ztráta tepla, dýchání, přístrojové potápění, vodní prostředí Introduction amount of body heat. -
Notes on Diving in Ancient Egypt
A Brief History of Underwater Enterprise and Exploration The incentives to risk one’s life underwater from the earliest records of diving: 1) Subsistence and general aquatic harvest 2) Commerce/salvage 3) Warfare A sponge diver about to take the plunge, Classical Greece ca. 500 BCE The beginnings: subsistence in Ancient Egypt: skin divers netting fish in the Nile th Tomb of Djar, 11 Dynasty (ca. 2000 BCE) ‘Pull out well! (It is) a Happy day! Measure you, measure you, for you, good great fishes’ Text and image from the tomb of Ankhtifi (ca. 2100 BCE) The beginnings: other kinds of aquatic/underwater harvest: mother of pearl (left) and sponge diving (right) Mesopotamia (southern Iraq, ca. 2500 BCE) Classical Greece (ca. 500 BCE) The so-called ‘Standard of Ur’: a mosaic of lapis lazuli A sponge diver about to take the (from the exotic region of Afghanistan) and mother of plunge with a knife and a sack, the pearl (from the exotic source of a seabed), deposited in jar was also deposited in an elite tomb an elite tomb in Mesopotamia The beginnings: in search of exotic and high value things (things difficult to access/procure) Epic of Gilgamesh (composed in Mesopotamia no later than ca. 2100 BCE) records a heroic dive after a ‘plant of immortality’ on the seabed ‘He tied heavy stones *to his feet+ They pulled him down into the deep [and he saw the plant] He took the plant though it pricked his hands He cut the heavy stones from his feet The sea cast him up upon the shore’ The value of mother of pearl and sea sponge resides, in part, in the process of procuring them The beginnings: salvaging lost cargoes (lost valuable things) Scyllias and his daughter Hydna: the first professional divers known by name, famed for salvaging huge volumes of gold and silver (tribute and booty) from a Persian fleet in the Aegean that lost many ships in a storm (ca. -
DNVGL-OS-E402 Diving Systems
OFFSHORE STANDARDS DNVGL-OS-E402 Edition January 2017 Diving systems The content of this service document is the subject of intellectual property rights reserved by DNV GL AS ("DNV GL"). The user accepts that it is prohibited by anyone else but DNV GL and/or its licensees to offer and/or perform classification, certification and/or verification services, including the issuance of certificates and/or declarations of conformity, wholly or partly, on the basis of and/or pursuant to this document whether free of charge or chargeable, without DNV GL's prior written consent. DNV GL is not responsible for the consequences arising from any use of this document by others. The electronic pdf version of this document, available free of charge from http://www.dnvgl.com, is the officially binding version. DNV GL AS FOREWORD DNV GL offshore standards contain technical requirements, principles and acceptance criteria related to classification of offshore units. © DNV GL AS January 2017 Any comments may be sent by e-mail to [email protected] This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this document. The use of this document by others than DNV GL is at the user's sole risk. DNV GL does not accept any liability or responsibility for loss or damages resulting from any use of this document. CHANGES – CURRENT This document supersedes DNV-OS-E402 Offshore standard for Diving systems, October 2010 and DNV-DS- E403 Standard for Surface Diving Systems, July 2012 Changes in this document are highlighted in red colour. -
Biomechanics of Safe Ascents Workshop
PROCEEDINGS OF BIOMECHANICS OF SAFE ASCENTS WORKSHOP — 10 ft E 30 ft TIME AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES September 25 - 27, 1989 Woods Hole, Massachusetts Proceedings of the AAUS Biomechanics of Safe Ascents Workshop Michael A. Lang and Glen H. Egstrom, (Editors) Copyright © 1990 by AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES 947 Newhall Street Costa Mesa, CA 92627 All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers Copies of these Proceedings can be purchased from AAUS at the above address This workshop was sponsored in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Commerce, under grant number 40AANR902932, through the Office of Undersea Research, and in part by the Diving Equipment Manufacturers Association (DEMA), and in part by the American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS). The U.S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding the copyright notation that appears above. Opinions presented at the Workshop and in the Proceedings are those of the contributors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES BIOMECHANICS OF SAFE ASCENTS WORKSHOP WHOI/MBL Woods Hole, Massachusetts September 25 - 27, 1989 MICHAEL A. LANG GLEN H. EGSTROM Editors American Academy of Underwater Sciences 947 Newhall Street, Costa Mesa, California 92627 U.S.A. An American Academy of Underwater Sciences Diving Safety Publication AAUSDSP-BSA-01-90 CONTENTS Preface i About AAUS ii Executive Summary iii Acknowledgments v Session 1: Introductory Session Welcoming address - Michael A. -
Deep Sea Dive Ebook Free Download
DEEP SEA DIVE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Frank Lampard | 112 pages | 07 Apr 2016 | Hachette Children's Group | 9780349132136 | English | London, United Kingdom Deep Sea Dive PDF Book Zombie Worm. Marrus orthocanna. Deep diving can mean something else in the commercial diving field. They can be found all over the world. Depth at which breathing compressed air exposes the diver to an oxygen partial pressure of 1. Retrieved 31 May Diving medicine. Arthur J. Retrieved 13 March Although commercial and military divers often operate at those depths, or even deeper, they are surface supplied. Minimal visibility is still possible far deeper. The temperature is rising in the ocean and we still don't know what kind of an impact that will have on the many species that exist in the ocean. Guiel Jr. His dive was aborted due to equipment failure. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Depth limit for a group of 2 to 3 French Level 3 recreational divers, breathing air. Underwater diving to a depth beyond the norm accepted by the associated community. Limpet mine Speargun Hawaiian sling Polespear. Michele Geraci [42]. Diving safety. Retrieved 19 September All of these considerations result in the amount of breathing gas required for deep diving being much greater than for shallow open water diving. King Crab. Atrial septal defect Effects of drugs on fitness to dive Fitness to dive Psychological fitness to dive. The bottom part which has the pilot sphere inside. List of diving environments by type Altitude diving Benign water diving Confined water diving Deep diving Inland diving Inshore diving Muck diving Night diving Open-water diving Black-water diving Blue-water diving Penetration diving Cave diving Ice diving Wreck diving Recreational dive sites Underwater environment. -
Leonardo User Manual
Direction for use Computer Leonardo ENGLISH cressi.com 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Main specifications page 4 TIME SET mode: General recommendations Date and time adjustment page 31 and safety measures page 5 SYSTEM mode: Introduction page 10 Setting of measurement unit and reset page 31 1 - COMPUTER CONTROL 3 - WHILE DIVING: COMPUTER Operation of the Leonardo computer page 13 FUNCTIONS 2 - BEFORE DIVING Diving within no decompression limits page 36 DIVE SET mode: DIVE AIR function: Setting of dive parameters page 16 Dive with Air page 37 Oxygen partial pressure (PO2) page 16 DIVE NITROX function: Nitrox - Percentage of the oxygen (FO2) page 18 Dive with Nitrox page 37 Dive Safety Factor (SF) page 22 Before a Nitrox dive page 37 Deep Stop page 22 Diving with Nitrox page 40 Altitude page 23 CNS toxicity display page 40 PLAN mode: PO2 alarm page 43 Dive planning page 27 Ascent rate page 45 GAGE mode: Safety Stop page 45 Depth gauge and timer page 27 Decompression forewarning page 46 Deep Stop page 46 3 Diving outside no decompression limits page 50 5 - CARE AND MAINTENANCE Omitted Decompression stage alarm page 51 Battery replacement page 71 GAGE MODE depth gauge and timer) page 52 6 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Use of the computer with 7 - WARRANTY poor visibility page 56 4 - ON SURFACE AFTER DIVING Data display and management page 59 Surface interval page 59 PLAN function - Dive plan page 60 LOG BOOK function - Dive log page 61 HISTORY function - Dive history page 65 DIVE PROFILE function - Dive profile page 65 PCLINK function Pc compatible interface page 66 System Reset Reset of the instrument page 70 4 Congratulations on your purchase of your Leo - trox) dive. -
Thermo Valves Corporation
Thermo Valves Corporation Scuba Diving Valves The Leader in High Pressure Technology Date: 05/31/04 Thermo Scuba Products are Sold Through Authorized Distributors Only Thermo PRO Thermo PRO Modular with H Connector Thermo DIN WWW.THERMOVALVES.COM Page 2 Thermo Valves Corporation Table of Contents Introduction 4 Products and Features 5 Scuba Valve Outlets 6 Breathing Air or EAN? 6 Stand Alone Valves 5251 Thermo K 7 5651 Thermo PRO 8 5262 Thermo DIN 9 5282 Thermo DIN 10 Modular Valves 8043 Thermo Modular 11 8063 Thermo Modular 12 8082 Thermo Modular 13 Modular Valve Attachments 9020 Thermo 230 Bar H Connector 14 9040 Thermo 300 Bar DIN H Connector 15 Manifold Center Bars 16 Exploded View Drawings 5251 Series Exploded View 17 5651, 5262 & 5282 Exploded View 18 8043, 8063 & 8082 Exploded View 19 9020 & 9040 Exploded View 20 8002 CTR W VLV Manifold Center Bar Exploded View 21 Parts Index 22 Scuba Valve Parts Warnings 23 Warnings, Terms and Conditions of Sale 24 Page 3 Thermo Valves Corporation The Leader in High Pressure Technology Who We Are Thermo Valves Corporation was founded in 1972 as a manufacturer of compressed gas cylinder valves and adaptors to a wide variety of international standards. Thermo was acquired in 1988 by Hamai Industries Limited who has been manufacturing cyl- inder valves for over 75 years! Thermo now spe- cializes in specialty gas valves, valves for the semi- conductor industry and scuba diving valves. Thermo’s mission is to supply state of the art equip- ment with a focus on safety and innovation SCUBA Diving Valves With over 75 years of manufacturing experi- ence, Thermo Valves full line includes the Thermo K, Thermo PRO, Thermo DIN and Thermo Modu- lar Series of scuba diving valves. -
Underwater Photographyphotography a Web Magazine
UnderwaterUnderwater PhotographyPhotography a web magazine Oct/Nov 2002 Nikon D100 housings Fuji S2 housing Sony F707 housing Kodak DCS Pro 14n Sperm whale Nai’a liveaboard U/w photojournalist - Jack Jackson Henry the seadragon Scilly Seals Lights & divers Easy macro British fish Underwater tripod Visions 2002 UwP 1 What links these sites? Turn to page 7 to find out... UwP 2 UnderwaterUnderwater PhotographyPhotography a web magazine Oct/Nov 2002 e mail [email protected] Contents 4 Travel & events 30 Meet Henry 43 Easy macro 8 New products 14 Sperm whale by Andy & Angela Heath with Ee wan Khoo 35 Scilly Seals 47 British fish with Tony Wu 19 Nai’a liveaboard with Will & Demelza by Mark Webster Posslethwaite 54 Size matters 35 Lights & divers by Jukka Nurminen & Alex Mustard by Pete Atkinson 25 U/w photojournalist by Martin Edge Cover photo by Tony Wu 58 Visions 2002 by Jack Jackson UwP 3 Travel & events Jim Breakell Tahiti talk at Dive Show, Oct 12/13 2002 In September Jim Breakell of Scuba Safaris went on a fact finding trip to the Pacific. First off he went to Ryrutu for for a few days humpback whale watching, then a week on the inaugural trip of the Tahiti Aggressor and then on to Bora Bora (what a hard life he has!) He will be giving an illustrated talk about his trip at the Dive Show in Birmingham on October 12/13th 2002. For more information contact Scuba Safaris, PO Box 8, Edenbridge, Kent TN8 7ZS. Tel 01342 851196. www.scuba-safaris.com John Boyle video trip May 2003 INVITATION John Boyle will be hosting a video diving trip from Bali to Komodo on Kararu next year. -
Theory and Treatment Solo Cave Diving
Decompression Sickness: Theory and Treatment Solo Cave Diving: Just How Safe Is It? A Few Words About Decompression Schedules Cave Diving Into The Dominican Past Diving Pioneers & Innovators: A Series of In Depth Interviews (Dick Bonin) Issue 8 – September 2012 Contents Editorial Editorial 2 Welcome to the eighth issue of Tech Diving Mag. In this issue, the contributors have, once more, brought together a wealth Decompression Sickness: Theory and Treatment of information, along with some distinctive first hand experiences. The By Bret Gilliam 3 contributors for this issue are world renowned industry professional Bret Gilliam, accomplished diver, instructor trainer and book author Steve Lewis, technical diving instructor Peter Buzzacott (PhD) and Solo Cave Diving: Just How Safe Is It? cave explorer Cristian Pittaro. Get to know more about them and read By Peter Buzzacott 22 their bio at www.techdivingmag.com/contributors.html. As you might know, Tech Diving Mag is based on article contribution A Few Words About Decompression Schedules from the readership. So you’re always welcome to drop me a line if you’re interested in volunteering an article. One more much appreciated By Steve Lewis 29 thing is your photos (even without articles)! For submission guidelines, take a look at www.techdivingmag.com/guidelines.html. Cave Diving Into The Dominican Past Tech Diving Mag is very much your magazine and I am always keen By Cristian Pittaro 37 to have your input. If you want to share your views, drop me a line at [email protected]. Diving Pioneers & Innovators: A Series of In Please visit www.techdivingmag.com/communicate.html to subscribe Depth Interviews (Dick Bonin) to the newsletter in order to be notified when new issues are available for download. -
Divers Things: Collecting the World Under Water
Hist. Sci., xlix (2011) DIVERS THINGS: COLLECTING THE WORLD UNDER WATER James Delbourgo Rutgers University I do not pretend to have been to the bottom of the sea. Robert Boyle, 1670 matter out of place Consider the following object as shown in an early eighteenth-century engraving (Figure 1). It is a piece of wood — not a highly worked thing, not ingeniously wrought, though it is an artefact of human labour rather than a natural body. Or is it? In the engraving, the piece of wood disappears: it is visible towards the bottom of the image, a sober pointed stump, but it is quickly subsumed by a second, enveloping entity that swirls about it in an embroidering corkscrew. What elements are here intertwin- ing? The legend beneath the engraving identifies the artefact thus: “Navis, prope Hispaniolam ann Dom 1659. Naufragium passae, asser, a clavo ferreo transfixus, corallio aspero candicante I. B. Obsitus, & a fundo maris anno 1687 expiscatus.” It describes a stake or spar from a ship wrecked off Hispaniola in 1659, which is transfixed by both an iron bolt and rough whitish coral, fished out of the depths in 1687. This collector’s item is neither the cliché of exemplarily beautiful coral nor straightforwardly a historical relic, but an intertwining of the two: the “transfixing” of a remnant of maritime technology by an aquatic agent. It exhibits the very proc- ess of encrustation. The spar is juxtaposed with the image of a jellyfish, and more proximately, engravings of Spanish silver coins, also encrusted with coral: “Nummus argenteus Hispanicus … incrustatus”, one of the labels reads.1 Still another illustra- tion, in a separate engraving, bears the legend “Frustum ligni e mari atlantico erutum cui adhaerescunt conchae anatiferae margine muricata” — a piece of “drift wood beset with bernecle [sic] shells”. -
Compressors & Nitrox Installations Compressors & Nitrox Installations
CompressorsCompressors & & NitroxNitrox Installations Installations Compressors Accessories and selection Nitrox Installations Kompressoren und Nitrox Anlagen Compressors & Nitrox Installations Scuba Publications – Daniela Goldstein Jan Oldenhuizing All rights of the author and its licensors reserved This publication and all its parts are protected under laws governing copyright. All use beyond the lim- its defined by these laws on copyright are, without written permission from the publisher, not author- ized and punishable. This applies especially - but is not limited to - copying, translation or storing and distributing via electronic systems. The use of trademarks, logos, commercial names and other does not give the right to assume, even if not specifically mentioned, that these are free of rights and can be used by anybody. www.scuba.ag Compressors & Nitrox Installations Table of Content Compressors........................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Accessories and selection............................................................................................................................................................23 Nitrox Installations.........................................................................................................................................................................36 Index .....................................................................................................................................................................................................46