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An Abstract of the Thesis Of AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Crystal Salvas Schreindorfer for the degree of Master of Arts inlpterdisciplinary Studies in co-fields ofAnthropology.Anthropology and History presented on November 4. 1987. Title:Archaeological Investigations at the MarialSite (35CU84) Curry. County. Oregon Abstract approved: 41 Richard E. Ross Evidence recovered from the Marial site (35CU84) on the lower Rogue River in southwestern Oregon will provide a much neededsource of archae- ological data for the region of southwestern Oregon.It exists as a deep, multicomponent, C14 dated site in a region typified by single component sites and a lack of C14 data. To date seven discreet cultural components have been discovered at Marial, three have yielded C14 dates (2810±50BP, 5850±120BP, 6485±80BP, 8560±190BP) and six contained distinct projectile point types clustering within well defined temporal spans. A chronological model of the projectile points recovered at the Marial site is presented here, along with a comparison of these types to other similar point styles in the region. Archaeological Investigations at the Marial Site (35CU84), Curry County, Oregon by Crystal Salvas Schreindorfer A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies Completed November 4, 1987 Commencement June 1988 APPROVED: Professor of Anthropology in charge of major 0-mar,,.-e'--c Assistant Professor of Anthropology in charge of co-field r Professor of History in charge of co-field Chairma of department o hr pology Dean of GraduaSchool Date thesis is presented November 4. 1987 Typed by Evelyn Grimes for Crystal S. Schreindorfer ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the following people for their time, advice, and encouragement alongthe way; Dr. Richard Ross, Dr. Lee Lyman, Mandy Cole, Lucie Tisdale and Evelyn Grimes my friend and typist who probably sufferedas much as I did bringing this thesis about. Most of all I owe my eternal gratitude to my husband Dan- without his support and encouragement I would have never finished. And last to Brydie Anne who has grown up with Marial. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................1 Chapter 2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING..................................................................................... 6 Chapter 3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND .......................................................................10 Chapter 4 ETHNOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND ............................................................................16 Chapter 5 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.................................................................................... 27 Chapter 6 SITE DESCRIPTION AND SOIL STRATIGRAPHY ...............................................32 Chapter 7 ARTIFACT ANALYSIS .................................................................................................37 Chapter 8 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION..................................................................................... 81 UPDATE .........................................................................................................................93 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................ 95 APPENDIX A .................................................................................................................105 FIELD AND LABORATORY METHODS ..........................................................106 FAUNAL AND FLORAL REMAINS ...................................................................109 APPENDIX B .................................................................................................................111 ARTIFACT MEASUREMENTS ..........................................................................114 ARTIFACT DESCRIPTION TYPOLOGY ..........................................................125 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Southwestern Oregon ...............................................................................5 Figure 2. Environmental Setting ...............................................................................9 Figure 3. Location of Archaeological Sites .............................................................14 Figure 4.Linguistic Distribution ................................................................................26 Figure 5. George Billings Ranch Mule Creek 1915 ..............................................31 Figure 6. Marial Site (35CU84), Looking Southeast Towards the Rogue River..............................................................................................................31 Figure 7. West Wall Soil Profile of 35CU84 ............................................................35 Figure 8.Soil Profile Map ..........................................................................................36 Figure 9. California Areas Noted in Text .................................................................54 Figure 10. The Battleship Curve of Stylistic Trends ..............................................57 Figure 11. Prelanceolate Point Style from 35JA53 ...............................................65 Figure 12. Point Types From Component 1A .........................................................66 Figure 13. Occurrence of Notched Point Types in Idealized Strata...................67 Figure 14. Occurrence of Stemmed/Shouldered Types in Idealized Strata.........................................................................................................68 Figure 15. Occurrence of Leafshaped Types in Idealized Strata .......................69 Figure 16. Projectile Point Styles from Coastal Sites ...........................................72 Figure 17. Feature 5....................................................................................................78 Figure 18. Tentative Projectile Point Chronology for the Middle and Upper Rogue River Region ....................................................................91 Figure 19. Excavation Units of 35CU84 ..................................................................108 Figure 20. Projectile Point Attribute Definitions .....................................................112 Figure 21. Illustration of Projectile Point Measurements and Flaking Patterns .......................................................................................113 Figure 22. Concave Base Type A Recovered from Component 1 A...................149 Figure 23. Basal Notched Types ..............................................................................150 Figure 24. Side Notched Types ................................................................................151 Figure 25. Corner Notched Types ............................................................................152 Figure 26. Stemmed/Shouldered Types .................................................................153 Figure 27. Leafshaped Types ...................................................................................154 Figure 28. Older Style Leafshaped Projectile Points from 35CU84..................155 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 Rogue River Radiocarbon Dates............................................................. ,................. 15 TABLE 2 1984 Artifact Frequency per Excavation Unit ..........................................................40 TABLE 3 Temporal Spans of Projectile Point Types ..............................................................47 Archaeological Investigations at the Marial Site (35CU84), Curry County, Oregon Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION The Marial site(35CU84)is a multicomponent prehistoric aboriginal site located on the lower reaches of the Rogue River in southwestern Oregon. Oregon State University has been conducting research along the Rogue River and in other areas of southwestern Oregon for severalyears.The ongoing excavations at the Marial site are an integral part of this regionalstudy. The long term research goals of the work at Marial are: (1) to establish a dated sequence of cultural components, the assemblages from which will typologically cross date similar projectile point styles from as yet undated prehistoric sites in southwestern Oregon; (2) to discern prehistoric human use of the Rogue River corridor as well as diffusion of cultural ideas through the region of southwestern Oregon and possibly beyond; (3) to add to existing data concerning which ethnographic group or groups actually utilized the territory aroundMarial.This issue has yet to be resolved up as the site lies in the "gray" area between the territory of the LowlandTakelma (Penutianspeakers)and Athabaskan speaking peoples. The research objectives of this thesis are threefold and differ somewhat from the long range projectobjectives.They are 1) to present the data recovered from the 1984 excavations of the site, 2) to create a chronological model of the projectile point types recovered from Marial during both the 1983 and 1984 field seasons, and 3) to compare the projectile point types from Marial 2 to those recovered from other archaeological sites in the region of southwestern Oregon. David Hurst Thomas (1981:7) states that contemporary American archaeology has three primary and sequentially ordered objectives:1) definition of cultural chronologies, 2) reconstruction of prehistoric lifeways,and 3) explanation of cultural processes. Thomas feels that in thisnew age of "Explanation" (Willey and Sabloff 1980) with the emphasison
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