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Polynesian Plant Studies 1-5

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Polynesian Plant Studies 1-5 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 21 Polynesian Plant Studies 1-5 F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-HeleneSachet SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1975 ABSTRACT Fosberg, F. Raymond, and Marie-Helene Sachet. Polynesian Plant Studies 1-5. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 21, 25 pages, 1975.-Systematic, nomenclatural, and distributional observations on various genera of Polynesian vascular plants, both indigenous and exotic, with new species, varieties, and nomenclatural combinations in Myrsine, Geniostoma, and Ipomoea. The island groups on which the plants occur are the Hawaiian, Marquesan, Society, Tua- mom, Austral, Cook, Fiji, and Tonga islands. OFFICIAI.I~UHLICATION DA’rE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copics and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Srnithsonian Year. SI PRESSNUMHER 5216. SERIESCOVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllurn japonicum Sicbold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Fosberg, Francis Raymond, 1908- Polynesian plant studies 1-5 (Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 21) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt. of Docs. no.: SI 1.29:21 1. Botany-Polynesia, I. Sachct. Maric-Helene.,_I ioint au or. 11. Ti 8. 111. Series: Smic sonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 21. QKl.SZ747 no. 21 [QK473.P75] 581’.08s [581.9’96] 74-20539 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 . Price 85 cents (paper cover) Contents Page Introduction ................................................. 1 1. Vaccinium cereum (L.f.) Forster f . in Tahiti and the Marquesas ..... 1 2 . Myrsine L . in Eastern Polynesia ............................... 3 3 . Three Species of Geniostoma J . R . & G . Forster ................. 11 4. Ipomoea tiliacea (Willdenow) Choisy in the Pacific ................. 14 5 . Annotations to the Hawaiian Flora ...................... 15 Literature Cited ............................................... 23 Index ....................................................... 25 ... 111 Polynesian Plant Studies 1-5 F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Helene Sachet Introduction citation, are in accord with the Index Herbariorum (Lanjouw) system, except that the symbol “Fo” is In the course of work on island floras many used for plants still in possession of the authors problems of a taxonomic, nomenclatural, morpho- and not yet deposited in a herbarium; the symbol logic, ecologic, or phytogeographic nature are “UH” is for the herbarium of the University of brought to light and solved, or at least studied Hawaii and not yet included in the system, and critically. New discoveries are made and new data the symbol “PTG’ is for the new herbarium of the are accumulated-undescribed taxa, new geo- Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden at Lawai, Kauai, graphic records, new habitat or ecologic relation- Hawaiian Islands. ships, and new facts on dispersal, especially by Elevations recorded on collectors’ labels are human agency. Inclusion of this material in treat- normally only estimates or, at best, altimeter ments of the floras would unduly delay the avail- readings to the nearest 100 feet or other gradua- ability of the information and would tend to make tion. Wherever original data are recorded in the the floras cumbersome and inconvenient to use English system, they have been converted to their for plant identification. nearest metric approximations, which are noted This series is initiated to present this sort of in brackets. information on plants of Polynesia. The term Thanks are due the authorities of the herbaria Polynesia is used in the classical sense, for a vast of the Laboratoire de Phanerogamie, Museum island-strewn triangle in the central Pacific Ocean d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, the Bernice P. Bishop with its apices marked by the Hawaiian Archipel- Museum, the New York Botanical Garden, the ago in the north, Easter Island and Sala y Gomez California Academy of Sciences, the University of on the east, and New Zealand on the south. The California at Berkeley, and the Universite de Mont- limits are not necessarily adhered to rigidly, as the pellier for the privilege of examining many of the plant distributions do not necessarily follow them, specimens on which these studies are based, and and information from farther afield may con- to staff members of these institutions for various tribute to our understanding of occurrences in courtesies and assistance. Polynesia. The present paper contains the first five sepa- rate studies, pertaining respectively to eastern 1. Vaccinium cereum (L. f.) Forster f. Polynesian Vaccinium, Geniostoma, and Myrsine, in Tahiti and the Marquesas eastern and western Polynesian Ipomoea, and Hawaiian species of several genera. Herbarium Vaccinium cereum (L.f.) Forster f., Prodr. 28, 1786. symbols, given in parentheses after each specimen Andromeda cerea L.f., Suppl. 238, 1781. Vaccinium adenandrum Decaisne, Voy. Venus 23, 1864, pl. 17, F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Helene Sachet, Department 1846. of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Vaccinium cereum var. adenandrum (Decaisne) F. Brown, Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Bishop Mus. Bull. 130:215, 1935. 1 SMITHSOXIAN CONTRIBUTIOXS TO BOTANY Most of the eastern Polynesian Varrkium are var. cereum f. eriostemon Skottsberg. However, considered to belong to V. cereum (L.f.) Forster he examined only one Marquesan collection, f., an extremely variable species found on several Herbier S.F.Z.M. 168 (P). On the basis of more high island groups. In spite of treatments by specimens, F. Brown took up the epithet adenan- Skottsberg (1933, 1934), F. Brown (1935), and drum but changed its status to that of a variety. Grant, Fosberg, and Smith (1974), some confusion He discussed Skottsberg’s treatment at great length, still lingers in the interpretation of the variation as well as his own observations. We agree with F. in this species. The following remarks are a step Brown’s conclusion, but more on the basis of toward clarifying it. habit and leaf form than on the detailed measure- Skottsberg (1933) made a detailed study of ments cited by him. V. cereum and related species, in which he de- We find the Marquesan plants to have the scribed various specimens from Tahiti that he flowers glabrous externally, as in var. cereum, considered to be V, cereum “var. typicum” or young stems glabrous or more rarely puberulent, “var. genuinum,” i.e. var. cereum, with glabrous or still more rarely, both types on the same plant flowers. Among these, however, he recognized (Le Batard in 1844), usually subentire stiff oval (1933:87) a form with hairy filaments, f. eriostemon. to broadly obovate shortly acuminate leaves, and Aside from var. cereum, Skottsberg described filaments more strongly pilose than in the Tahi- another variety from Tahiti, with pubescent flow- tian forms. The Marquesan plants with glabrous ers, var. pubiflorum (1933:89). Still among the stems and subserrulate to subentire leaves certainly Tahiti plants, he separated within var. pubiflorum form a population distinguishable at the varietal a form with hairy filaments, which he also called level. A very few plants with puberulent stems f. eriostemon (1933:90). Thus Skottsberg described have also finely serrulate leaf margins. These two formae eriostemon, one in V. cereum var. could perhaps be referred to var. cereum, but only tereum, one in V. cereum var. pubiflorum; this additional field study will reveal if they form a is contrary to the provisions of the 1972 Znter- separate population or are merely extremes in the national Code of Botanical Nomenclature, Article variation of var. adenandrum. 64, paragraph 3,which says, in part: “The names For the present we regard the correct name of . of two infraspecific taxa within the same species, the Marquesan population to be Vaccinium cereum even if they are of different rank, are treated as var. adenandrum (Decaisne) F. Brown. homonyms if they have the same epithet and are The question remains as to the type of V. not based on the same type.” Thus one of the two adenandrum Decaisne. This was not located in formae had to be renamed. This was done without Paris during several recent visits. However, an old explanation by Grant (in Grant, Fosberg, and specimen sent from the Paris herbarium to the Smith, 1974:8). The names of the Tahiti plants U. S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Insti- may be treated as follows: Vaccinium cereum var. tution, with neither locality nor collector given, cereum f. eriostemon Skottsberg [Acta Horti but merely bearing the data “No. 42 Bis Toatoa” Gotoburgensis, 1933, 8:87; lectotype: “Society Is- could, on the basis of the vernacular name “toa- lands, Tahiti, WILKES, U.S. Expl. Exped.” (P); toa,” perhaps be a duplicate of the du Petit-Thouars designated by Grant in Grant, Fosberg, and Smith, specimen that Decaisne described, for which he 1974:8; isolectotype (US) seen by us] and Vac- gave “Toa-Toa” as the Marquesan name. If this cinium cereum var. pubiflorum f. skottsbergii is the case, the type falls among the plants men- Grant [in Grant, Fosberg, and Smith, 1974:8; tioned above with puberulent stems and finely type: Tahiti, 4000 ft [1220m], Moseley in 1875 serrulate leaves. The teeth on this specimen are (K); isotype (BM) seen by Fosberg; based on almost spinulose but tend to be appressed forward Vaccinium cereum var. pubiflorum f. eriostemon along the margin. Decaisne’s plate 17 (1846) Skottsberg, Acta Horti Gotoburgensis, 1933, 8:90].
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