Field Museum of Natural History Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 Publication 351 Botanical Series Volume XIII FLORA OF PERU PART I BY J. Francis Macbrlde ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY B. E. DAHLGREN CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY EDITOR CHICAGO, U.S.A. January 27, 1936 1. Groves of Proaopis, and agricultural areas which replace them. 11. Wood formations like (10), but very little or not at all interrupted by 18. Glaciers and permanent snow. 2. Mixed river bank bushwoods coast, grass of the including agricultural areas. steppe. Cacti frequent. 19. Mesothermal formations, transitional between (13) and (23). Rainy- 3. Desert, no or only isolated plants. (White parts of the map west of Andes.) 12. Rainy-green wood formations (mostly shrubwoods), transitional between green grass steppe with a great many scattered shrubs or open shrubwood mixed 4. Lomas of the coast. macrothermal and mesothermal vegetation, often with much grass and in places with grasses. Several shrubs evergreen, other ones rainy-green. Cacti absent. 5. Distant, evergreen shrubs and very low trees nourished by ground water. alternating with rainy-green grass steppe. Cacti scarce or absent. 20. Formations similar to (19), but belonging to lower parts; floristically Herbs absent, bare soil between the woody plants. Cacti absent. 13. Mesothermal rainy-green grass steppes with scattered (mostly rainy- different, woody plants more vigorous. Wood formations transitional between 6. Like (5), but the soil for a short season covered with herbs. Also some green or periodic) shrubs. Cacti (at least columnar ones) absent. mesothermal and macrothermal, partly evergreen, partly rainy-green often with rainy-green woody plants grass or alternating with rainy-green besides evergreen ones. Cacti rare or absent. 14. Mesothermal tola heath, characterized by Lepidophyllum quadrangulare. much grass steppe. Cacti few or absent. 7. Open xerophytic vegetation of cacti, rainy-green shrubs, etc. No trees. Or same formation alternating with other mesothermal-aubxerophytic formation. 21. Macrothermal subxerophytic evergreen bushwoods (consisting of high shrubs and low trees), alternating with evergreen grass 8. Like (7), but with small rainy-green trees (Bombox, etc.) and more grass. 15. Microthermal tola heath alternating with typical high Andean formations. steppes. 9. Savannas; macrothermal rainy-green grass steppes with scattered rainy- Lepidophyllum quadrangulare predominant below, L. rigidum in highest parts. 22. Bushwoods like (21), but uninterrupted by grass steppe or nearly so. green trees and shrubs. Cacti scarce or absent. 16. Typical high Andean formations. Many cushion- and rosette-shaped 23. Evergreen woods of foggy region, alternating with grass steppes. plants. 10. Macrothermal rainy-green wood formations (bushwoods or shrubwoods) Some procumbent dwarf shrubs. Erect shrubs rare or absent. 24. Evergreen woods of foggy region, unbroken by grass steppe or nearly so. alternating with rainy-green grass steppes. Cacti frequent in the wood formations. 17. Microthermal grass steppe, evergreen or nearly so. Shrubs rare or absent. 25. Tropical rain forest. (White portions of the map east of the Andes.) 18. Glaciers and permanent snow. 19. Mesothermal formations, transitional between (13) and (23). Rainy- green grass steppe with a great many scattered shrubs or open shrubwood mixed with grasses. Several shrubs evergreen, other ones rainy-green. Cacti absent. 20. Formations similar to (19), but belonging to lower parts; floristically different, woody plants more vigorous. Wood formations transitional between mesothermal and macrothermal, partly evergreen, partly rainy-green often with much grass or alternating with rainy-green grass steppe. Cacti few or absent. 21. Macrothermal subxerophytic evergreen bushwoods (consisting of high shrubs and low trees), alternating with evergreen grass steppes. 22. Bushwoods like (21), but uninterrupted by grass steppe or nearly so. 23. Evergreen woods of foggy region, alternating with grass steppes. 24. Evergreen woods of foggy region, unbroken by grass steppe or nearly so. 25. Tropical rain forest. (White portions of the map east of the Andes.) Field Museum of Natural History Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 Publication 351 Botanical Series Volume XIII FLORA OF PERU PART I BY J. Francis Macbride ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY B. E. Dahlgren CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY EDITOR CHICAGO, U.S.A. January 27, 1936 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS CONTENTS PAGE Preface 5 Flora of Peru 9 Introduction 9 Phytogeography of the Peruvian Andes, by A. Weberbauer 13 Systematic list of genera and species 81 6 Preface Oroya, San Jose, Tarma, and Huanuco. At the end of six months in the field, the party concluded its work for the year and returned with a collection including about 7,000 specimens. The following year Mr. Macbride, accompanied by Dr. G. S. Bryan, of the University of Wisconsin, resumed collecting at Hua- nuco at the beginning of April. Specimens were gathered in the vicinity of Huanuco, at such places as La Quinhua, Huariaca, Ambo, Mito, and Cani, at altitudes of from 8,000 to 15,000 feet. From Huanuco they crossed the eastern Cordillera of the Andes, proceed- ing to Pozuzo, situated at an elevation of 2,200 feet. From Pozuzo several excursions were made which resulted in the securing of 1,500 specimens of flowering plants and 500 cryptogams. Collecting was afterward continued until the beginning of September at La Merced, where Carlos Schunke, an old resident of that locality, gave valuable assistance. On his return to the coast, Mr. Macbride spent several days botanizing in the hills about Lima in the com- pany of Dr. A. Weberbauer, the well-known German botanist resid- ing there. As a result of this expedition about 11,000 specimens were obtained, of which 750 were cryptogams. In 1924 no Peruvian expedition was sent out from the Museum, but arrangements were made with Dr. Weberbauer for collecting in the Province of Moquehua and the Department of Tarma in Feb- ruary and March of 1925. During the six weeks spent in the field a collection was gathered, represented by more than one thousand specimens. In addition, the Museum obtained a series of plants collected in 1925 in Peru and Chile by Dr. F. W. Pennell under the joint auspices of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Professor Oakes Ames (for the Ames Botanical Laboratory), and Field Museum of Natural History. During several months spent in Peru, Dr. Pennell col- lected in the regions of Arequipa and Cuzco in southern Peru and in the vicinity of Canta, northeast of Lima. Dr. Pennell's work in Peru, Chile, and Bolivia yielded 1,711 specimens to the Herbarium, the majority of which were Peruvian. From January to March, 1926, Dr. Weberbauer visited the de- partments of Ayacucho and Huancavelica in southern Peru in the interest of Field Museum, obtaining 135 numbers, mostly in dupli- cates of four each. In 1927 arrangements again were made with him for collecting, this time in the coastal departments of Tumbes and Piura in northwestern Peru. The material assembled there during Preface 7 February and March amounted to 587 specimens. In the same year 700 specimens collected by Carlos Schunke in the vicinity of La Merced were purchased. In 1928, Professor Fortunato L. Herrera of Cuzco, a well-known student of the Peruvian flora, presented 126 specimens from the we: tropical mountains of southern Peru, and Oscar Haught of Negritos. Piura. donated forty-four plants from the arid coastal region of that locality. In February and March, 1929. Dr. Weberbauer spent more than a month in the field under the auspices of Field Museum, concen- trating his attention on the southern province of Cuzco. He col- lected particularly in the region of Marcapata, and the majority of his plants, numbering 8S8 specimens, were gathered at high altitudes. In 1929-30. Mr. Llewelyn Williams. Assistant Curator of Eco- nomic Botany on the Museum staff, spent twelve months in north- eastern Peru. With headquarters at Iquitos, numerous excursions were made along the Peruvian tributaries of the Amazon as far as the Brazilian frontier. After spending several months in the low- lands of Loreto. he continued his explorations and collections in the forest extending to the highlands of the eastern Cordillera of the Andes. Mr. Williams returned to Chicago in May. 1930. with a collection of S.200 numbers. 22,500 specimens in all, in addition to 2.154 specimens of woods and other material. In 1930 the Museum received in exchange 3.4S1 specimens col- lected by Messrs. Ellsworth P. Killip and A. C. Smith in central and eastern Peru in 1929, on an expedition sent out by the Smith- sonian Institution. By purchase from Dr. Weberbauer. there were acquired also 1.6S6 specimens from various parts of Peru, forming an admirable supplement to the large series of authentic material brought together by him in previous years. There was purchased from G. Klug a collection of 3,100 specimens. This, although gath- ered in a region visited by the Museum expedition and by that of the Smithsonian Institution, contained numerous species not repre- sented in those collections. From Carlos Schunke of La Merced 720 specimens were pur- chased in 1930. These were obtained in the Chanchamayo Valley. a region famous for the exceptionally interesting plants it has yielded. Other valuable additions to the already extensive collections of Peruvian plants include a contribution by Professor Fortunato L. Herrera of 551 specimens, principally from the Department of Cuzco; 8 Preface a selected series of 259 specimens presented by Oscar Haught, illus- trating the flora of a region little known botanically; and an im- portant collection consisting of 206 specimens gathered by Mr. Sawada and received from Professor R. Kanehira of Fukuoka, Japan. In addition, a large number of Peruvian species represented by frag- ments of type species and other specimens of historical interest were received in exchange from the Botanical Museum of Berlin- Dahlem.