o Engorgement of the vessels of face, neck, and arms. o Nonproductive cough o Dyspnea ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES • TAKAYASU'S : Arteritis of the Aortic Arch, resulting in no pulse. Seen in young • ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME: Radiation women. exposure. • WOLF-PARKINSON WHITE SYNDROME: o 12 hours post-exposure: Vomiting ECG pattern of Paroxysmal Tachycardia. o 24 hours post-exposure: Prostration (extreme o Short PR interval exhaustion), fever, diarrhea o Delta wave = early QRS complex. o Later: Petechial hemorrhage, hypotension, tachycardia, profuse bloody diarrhea, maybe IATROGENIC (or Secondary to Medical Treatment) death. • CHINESE RESTAURANT SYNDROME: MSG AFFERENT LOOP SYNDROME: reaction ------> Chest Pain, burning sensation over • Gastrojejunal loop obstruction, proximal to a parts of body. gastrojejunostomy. • BROWN-SEQUARD SYNDROME: Damage Ingestion of food produces nausea, pain, () to half of spinal cord ------> symptoms: o and duodenal distension. o Loss of pain and temperature sensation on ASHERMAN'S SYNDROME: Adhesions contralateral side of body. • within the endometrial cavity, causing o Loss of proprioception and discriminatory amenorrhea and infertility. touch on ipsilateral side of body. o Adhesions probably were caused by surgery. CARDIOVASCULAR • ULYSSES SYNDROME: Ill effects from follow-up diagnostic tests following a false- • ADAMS-STOKES SYNDROME: Heart block, with positive screening test. slow or absent pulse, often accompanied by convulsions. NEOPLASTIC (Malignant or Benign) • BARLOW SYNDROME: Floppy Mitral Valve Syndrome; Massive Mitral Valve Prolapse ------> CARCINOID SYNDROME: Carcinoid tumor Late apical systolic murmur, systolic click, or both. • producing Bradykinin + Serotonin ------> • EISENMENGER'S SYNDROME: Ventricular- secondary symptoms: Septal Defect ------> Pulmonary hypertension and Cyanotic flushing cyanosis. o o Diarrhea • FLOPPY-VALVE SYNDROME: Mitral Bronchial spasm Incompetence due to myxomatous degeneration of the o Edema, ascites. leaflets. o • CRONKHITE-CANADA SYNDROME: GI- • LERICHE'S SYNDROME: Occlusion of distal Polyps with diffuse alopecia (hair-loss) and nail aorta ------> dystrophy. o Hip, thigh, and calf . o May see protein-losing enteropathy and o Impotence malabsorption. • BEHCET'S SYNDROME: Vasculitis ------> GARDNER'S SYNDROME: Multiple secondary symptoms: • inherited tumors, hereditary dominant trait. o Oral and genital ulcers o Skull osteomas, Fibromas, Epidermoid o Uveitis cysts o Optic atrophy o Colonic polyposis (APC gene) ------> • SHOULDER-HAND SYNDROME: Pain in predisposition to colonic shoulder and swelling in hand, sometimes occurring adenocarcinoma. after Myocardial Infarction. • LAMBERT-EATON SYNDROME: • SICK SINUS SYNDROME: Chaotic atrial activity; Progressive proximal muscle weakness continual changes in P-Waves. Bradycardia, secondary to a carcinoma. alternating with recurrent ectopic beats and runs of MEIGS' SYNDROME: Fibroma of ovary with tachycardia. • ascites and hydrothorax • SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME: Caused PANCOAST SYNDROME: Tumor near by a tumor. Obstruction of SVC ------> • pulmonary apex ------> o Edema

1 www.brain101.info o Neuritic pain of chest and arm o Mental retardation, , spastic o Muscle atrophy of the arm cerebral palsy o Horner's Syndrome (impaired cervical o X-Linked recessive sympathetics) • MARFAN SYNDROME: Connective Tissue • PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME: Polyposis disorder ------> (hamartomas) of small intestine o Arachnodactyly: Abnormally long o Also see melanin pigmentation of buccal digits and extremities mucosa and skin around mouth and lips o Subluxation of lens o Dissecting aortic aneurism CONGENITAL • POSTRUBELLA SYNDROME: Infantile defects resulting from maternal Rubella infection during first trimester. CEREBELLAR SYNDROME: Congenital • o Microphthalmos, cataracts Cerebellar Ataxia o Deafness CERVICAL SYNDROME: Supernumerary C7 rib - • o Mental retardation -----> Pressure on brachial plexus ------> pain o Patent ductus arteriosis, Pulmonary radiating over shoulder, arm, and forearm over C7 arterial stenosis distribution. • PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME: Short stature, • DANDY-WALKER SYNDROME: Obstruction of mental retardation, polyphagia with marked Foramina of Magendie and Luschka in infants ------> obesity, sexual infantilism. Hydrocephalus. • RENDU-OSLER-WEBER SYNDROME: • DIGEORGE SYNDROME: Congenital absence of Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. 3rd and 4th Branchial Arches (Thymus and Parathyroid • SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME: Glands) ------> secondary symptoms: Unexplained death in sleeping infants. No cell-mediated immunity ------> Frequent o • TURNER'S SYNDROME: XO monosomy. viral and fungal infections o Dwarfism Characteristic facial deformities o o Webbed neck DOWN SYNDROME: Trisomy 21. Mental • o Valgus of elbow. retardation, characteristic facial features, Simeon o Amenorrhea crease in hand. • WILSON SYNDROME: Congenital defect in • FANCONI'S SYNDROME Type I: Bone-marrow Ceruloplasmin, leading to buildup of copper ----- hypoplasia ------> refractory anemia, pancytopenia. -> mental retardation, cirrhosis, hepatolenticular EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME: Congenital • degeneration. defect in collagen. o Hyper-elasticity and friability of the skin. o Hyperextensibility of the joints. ENDOCRINE, REPRODUCTIVE • FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME: Fetal malformations, growth deficiencies, craniofacial • AMENNORRHEA-GALACTORRHEA anomalies, limb defects. SYNDROME: Non-physiologic lactation, • GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME: Autoantibodies resulting from endocrinologic causes or from a against basement membranes ------> pituitary disorder. Glomerulonephritis (kidney) and hemoptysis (lungs). • CONN'S SYNDROME: Primary o Often, death by renal failure Hyperaldosteronism ------> muscular weakness, • KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME: Trisomy XXY --- hypertension, hypokalemia, alkalosis. ---> testicular atrophy, increase in gonadotropins in • CUSHING'S SYNDROME: Hypersecretion of urine. cortisol ------> secondary symptoms and • KLIPPEL-FEIL SYNDROME: characteristics: o Cervical vertebrate fused o Fatness of face and trunk with wasting o Congenital short neck, limited neck rotation of extremities o Abnormalities of the brainstem and o Buffalo hump cerebellum o Bone decalacification o Low hairline. o Corticoid diabetes • LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME: Deficiency of o Hypertension HGPRT (Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phospho- • PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME: Abnormal ribosyltransferase ------> sensation in breasts, abdominal pain, thirst, o Hyperuricemia, uric acid kidney stones headache, pelvic congestion, nervous . o Choreoathetosis o Ocassionally nausea and vomiting.

2 www.brain101.info • SHEEHAN'S SYNDROME: Post-partum pituitary o Headache, fever, malaise. necrosis ------> hypopituitarism. • TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME: Caused by • STEIN-LEVENTHAL SYNDROME: Polycystic superabsorbent tampons. Infection with Staph ovary ------> infertility, amenorrhea, hirsutism. Seen Aureus and subsequent toxicity of exotoxin in obese women. TSST ------> systemic anaphylaxis. • TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION SYNDROME: o Fever, vomiting, diarrhea Insensitivity to Testosterone. Male o Red rash followed by desquamation Psuedohermaphroditism • WATERHOUSE-FRIEDRICHSON o Complete female external genatalia, SYNDROME: Meningeococcal Meningitis ------incompletely developed vagina, rudimentary > DIC, hemorrhagic infarct of adrenal glands ---- uterus. --> fulminant adrenal failure. o Vomiting, diarrhea. PULMONARY o Shock o Extensive purpura, cyanosis, circulatory collapse. • KARTAGENER'S SYNDROME: Situs Inversus (lateral transposition of lungs) resulting from chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis. RENAL • HAMMAN-RICH SYNDROME: Interstitial fibrosis of the lung. • KEMMELSTIEL-WILSON SYNDROME: • MIDDLE-LOBE SYNDROME: Chronic Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis. pneumonitis and atalectasis of middle lobe of right • BARTTER'S SYNDROME: Juxtaglomerular lung. Cell Hyperplasia ------> secondary symptoms: • CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME: Allergic o Hyperaldosteronism, Hypokalemic Granulomatous Angiitis: Asthma, fever, eosinophilia. Alkalosis, elevated renin and angiotensin INFECTIOUS o No hypertension. o Compare to Conn's Syndrome • FANCONI'S SYNDROME Type II: Renal • FITZ-HUGH-CURTIS SYNDROME: Gonococcal aminoaciduria, glycosuria, hypophosphaturia, Periphepatitis in woman, as a complication of cysteine deposition, rickets. Gonorrhea. • THORN'S SYNDROME: Salt-losing nephritis. • GUILLAN-BARRE SYNDROME: Infectious Polyneuritis of unknown cause. • HUNT'S SYNDROME: Herpe's Zoster infection of NEUROLOGICAL Facial Nerve (CN VII) and Geniculate Ganglion ------> facial palsy. • CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME: o Zoster of ear Compression of Median Nerve through the • REYE'S SYNDROME: Loss of consciousness and Carpal Tunnel ------> pain and parasthesia over seizures in kids, after a viral infection treated by distribution of Median N. aspirin. • FROIN'S SYNDROME: Block in CSF flow ---- • REITER'S SYNDROME: Symptom cluster. --> xanthochromia (yellow discoloration) of Etiology is thought to be Chlamydial or post- CSF. chlamydial. • ACUTE-BRAIN SYNDROME: , o Urethritis confusion, disorientation, developing suddenly in o Iridocyclitis (Conjunctivitis) a person that was previously psychologically o Arthritis normal. o Skin lesions like karatoderma • GERSTMANN'S SYNDROME: Lesion blenorrhagicum between occipital area and angular gyrus ------> o Also can see fatty liver or liver necrosis. symptoms: • SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME: S. Aureus toxic o Finger agnosia, Agraphia, acalculia epidermal necrolysis. o Right-left disorientation • STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME: Erythema • HORNER'S SYNDROME: Loss or lesion of Multiforme complication. cervical sympathetic ganglion ------> o Large areas of skin slough, including mouth o Ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis and anogenital membranes. o Enophthalmos (caved in eyes) o Mucous membranes: stomatitis, urethritis, conjunctivitis.

3 www.brain101.info • KORSAKOFF SYNDROME: Loss of short-term UNCATEGORIZED memory in chronic alcoholism, caused by degeneration of mamillary bodies. • YELLOW-NAIL SYNDROME: Stop growth • RILEY-DAY SYNDROME: Familial dysautonomia. of nails ------> increased convexity, thickening, and yellowing of nails. GASTROINTESTINAL o Found in Lymphedema, bronchitis, chronic bronchiectasis.

• MALLORY-WEISS SYNDROME: Laceration of • COSTOCHONDRAL SYNDROME: Pain in lower end of esophagus from vomiting ------> chest with tenderness over one or more hematemesis. Often seen in alcoholics. costochondral junctions. Similar to Tietze's Syndrome but no • MALABSORPTION SYNDROME: Impaired o absorption of dietary substance ------> diarrhea, specific inflammation. weakness, weight loss, or symptoms from specific • TIETZE'S SYNDROME: Costochondritis. deficiencies. Swelling and tenderness of the costal cartilege. MIKULICZ'S SYNDROME: Salivary and • BARRET SYNDROME: Chronic peptic ulcer of the • lower esophagus, resulting in metaplasia of lacrimal enlargement as seen in several diseases: esophageal columnar epithelium ------> squamous o Sarcoidosis epithelium. o Tuberculosis

• ZOLLINGER-ELLISOHN SYNDROME: Gastrin- o Leukemia secreting tumor in pancreas ------> Severe peptic • MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME: Malingering - ulcers, gastric hyperacidity. - fabrication of a clinically convincing disease by an itinerant malingerer. • PLUMMER-VINSON SYNDROME: Esophageal Webs, leading to dysphagis and atrophy of papillae of • PICKWICKIAN SYNDROME: Symptom tongue. cluster Obesity o Also see hypochromic anemia, o splenomegaly. o Hypoventilation o Somnolence o Erythrocytosis RETICULOENDOTHELIAL, HEMATOLOGIC • RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME: Need to stretch legs at night before going to sleep; twitch • BANTI'S SYNDROME: Chronic Congestive in legs causing . Splenomegaly with anemia, caused by either Portal • STRAIGHT BACK SYNDROME: Loss of Hypertension or Splenic Vein Thrombosis. normal kyphosis of thoracic spine ------> • BUD-CHIARI SYNDROME: o Straight spine o ACUTE: Hepatic Vein Thrombosis ------> o Ejection murmur Massive ascites and dramatic death. o Widened cardiac silouhette on x-ray o CHRONIC: Gradual hepatomegaly, portal • SJÖGREN'S SYNDROME: Autoimmune hypertension, nausea, vomiting, edema, complex ulimately death. o Keratoconjuctivitis Sicca (dry eyes and • DUBIN-JOHNSON SYNDROME: Defect in mouth) excretion of conjugated bilirubin ------> recurrent o Dryness of Mucous membranes mild jaundice. Buildup of direct builirubin in blood. o Telangiectasias in face • CHIDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME: Abnormalities o Parotid enlargement in leukocytes with large inclusions.

• CRUVEILHIER-BAUMGARTEN SYNDROME: Symptoms cluster: o Liver cirrhosis o Caput Medussae o Venous hum and thrill • FELTY'S SYNDROME: Rheumatoid Arthritis with splenomegaly, leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. • LOFFLER'S SYNDROME: Eosinophilia with transient infiltrates in lungs.

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