o Engorgement of the vessels of face, SYNDROMES neck, and arms. o Nonproductive cough o Dyspnea ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES • TAKAYASU'S SYNDROME: Arteritis of the Aortic Arch, resulting in no pulse. Seen in young • ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME: Radiation women. exposure. • WOLF-PARKINSON WHITE SYNDROME: o 12 hours post-exposure: Vomiting ECG pattern of Paroxysmal Tachycardia. o 24 hours post-exposure: Prostration (extreme o Short PR interval exhaustion), fever, diarrhea o Delta wave = early QRS complex. o Later: Petechial hemorrhage, hypotension, tachycardia, profuse bloody diarrhea, maybe IATROGENIC (or Secondary to Medical Treatment) death. • CHINESE RESTAURANT SYNDROME: MSG AFFERENT LOOP SYNDROME: reaction ------> Chest Pain, burning sensation over • Gastrojejunal loop obstruction, proximal to a parts of body. gastrojejunostomy. • BROWN-SEQUARD SYNDROME: Damage Ingestion of food produces nausea, pain, (injury) to half of spinal cord ------> symptoms: o and duodenal distension. o Loss of pain and temperature sensation on ASHERMAN'S SYNDROME: Adhesions contralateral side of body. • within the endometrial cavity, causing o Loss of proprioception and discriminatory amenorrhea and infertility. touch on ipsilateral side of body. o Adhesions probably were caused by surgery. CARDIOVASCULAR • ULYSSES SYNDROME: Ill effects from follow-up diagnostic tests following a false- • ADAMS-STOKES SYNDROME: Heart block, with positive screening test. slow or absent pulse, often accompanied by convulsions. NEOPLASTIC (Malignant or Benign) • BARLOW SYNDROME: Floppy Mitral Valve Syndrome; Massive Mitral Valve Prolapse ------> CARCINOID SYNDROME: Carcinoid tumor Late apical systolic murmur, systolic click, or both. • producing Bradykinin + Serotonin ------> • EISENMENGER'S SYNDROME: Ventricular- secondary symptoms: Septal Defect ------> Pulmonary hypertension and Cyanotic flushing cyanosis. o o Diarrhea • FLOPPY-VALVE SYNDROME: Mitral Bronchial spasm Incompetence due to myxomatous degeneration of the o Edema, ascites. leaflets. o • CRONKHITE-CANADA SYNDROME: GI- • LERICHE'S SYNDROME: Occlusion of distal Polyps with diffuse alopecia (hair-loss) and nail aorta ------> dystrophy. o Hip, thigh, and calf fatigue. o May see protein-losing enteropathy and o Impotence malabsorption. • BEHCET'S SYNDROME: Vasculitis ------> GARDNER'S SYNDROME: Multiple secondary symptoms: • inherited tumors, hereditary dominant trait. o Oral and genital ulcers o Skull osteomas, Fibromas, Epidermoid o Uveitis cysts o Optic atrophy o Colonic polyposis (APC gene) ------> • SHOULDER-HAND SYNDROME: Pain in predisposition to colonic shoulder and swelling in hand, sometimes occurring adenocarcinoma. after Myocardial Infarction. • LAMBERT-EATON SYNDROME: • SICK SINUS SYNDROME: Chaotic atrial activity; Progressive proximal muscle weakness continual changes in P-Waves. Bradycardia, secondary to a carcinoma. alternating with recurrent ectopic beats and runs of MEIGS' SYNDROME: Fibroma of ovary with tachycardia. • ascites and hydrothorax • SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME: Caused PANCOAST SYNDROME: Tumor near by a tumor. Obstruction of SVC ------> • pulmonary apex ------> o Edema 1 www.brain101.info o Neuritic pain of chest and arm o Mental retardation, autism, spastic o Muscle atrophy of the arm cerebral palsy o Horner's Syndrome (impaired cervical o X-Linked recessive sympathetics) • MARFAN SYNDROME: Connective Tissue • PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME: Polyposis disorder ------> (hamartomas) of small intestine o Arachnodactyly: Abnormally long o Also see melanin pigmentation of buccal digits and extremities mucosa and skin around mouth and lips o Subluxation of lens o Dissecting aortic aneurism CONGENITAL • POSTRUBELLA SYNDROME: Infantile defects resulting from maternal Rubella infection during first trimester. CEREBELLAR SYNDROME: Congenital • o Microphthalmos, cataracts Cerebellar Ataxia o Deafness CERVICAL SYNDROME: Supernumerary C7 rib - • o Mental retardation -----> Pressure on brachial plexus ------> pain o Patent ductus arteriosis, Pulmonary radiating over shoulder, arm, and forearm over C7 arterial stenosis distribution. • PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME: Short stature, • DANDY-WALKER SYNDROME: Obstruction of mental retardation, polyphagia with marked Foramina of Magendie and Luschka in infants ------> obesity, sexual infantilism. Hydrocephalus. • RENDU-OSLER-WEBER SYNDROME: • DIGEORGE SYNDROME: Congenital absence of Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. 3rd and 4th Branchial Arches (Thymus and Parathyroid • SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME: Glands) ------> secondary symptoms: Unexplained death in sleeping infants. No cell-mediated immunity ------> Frequent o • TURNER'S SYNDROME: XO monosomy. viral and fungal infections o Dwarfism Characteristic facial deformities o o Webbed neck DOWN SYNDROME: Trisomy 21. Mental • o Valgus of elbow. retardation, characteristic facial features, Simeon o Amenorrhea crease in hand. • WILSON SYNDROME: Congenital defect in • FANCONI'S SYNDROME Type I: Bone-marrow Ceruloplasmin, leading to buildup of copper ----- hypoplasia ------> refractory anemia, pancytopenia. -> mental retardation, cirrhosis, hepatolenticular EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME: Congenital • degeneration. defect in collagen. o Hyper-elasticity and friability of the skin. o Hyperextensibility of the joints. ENDOCRINE, REPRODUCTIVE • FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME: Fetal malformations, growth deficiencies, craniofacial • AMENNORRHEA-GALACTORRHEA anomalies, limb defects. SYNDROME: Non-physiologic lactation, • GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME: Autoantibodies resulting from endocrinologic causes or from a against basement membranes ------> pituitary disorder. Glomerulonephritis (kidney) and hemoptysis (lungs). • CONN'S SYNDROME: Primary o Often, death by renal failure Hyperaldosteronism ------> muscular weakness, • KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME: Trisomy XXY --- hypertension, hypokalemia, alkalosis. ---> testicular atrophy, increase in gonadotropins in • CUSHING'S SYNDROME: Hypersecretion of urine. cortisol ------> secondary symptoms and • KLIPPEL-FEIL SYNDROME: characteristics: o Cervical vertebrate fused o Fatness of face and trunk with wasting o Congenital short neck, limited neck rotation of extremities o Abnormalities of the brainstem and o Buffalo hump cerebellum o Bone decalacification o Low hairline. o Corticoid diabetes • LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME: Deficiency of o Hypertension HGPRT (Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phospho- • PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME: Abnormal ribosyltransferase ------> sensation in breasts, abdominal pain, thirst, o Hyperuricemia, uric acid kidney stones headache, pelvic congestion, nervous irritability. o Choreoathetosis o Ocassionally nausea and vomiting. 2 www.brain101.info • SHEEHAN'S SYNDROME: Post-partum pituitary o Headache, fever, malaise. necrosis ------> hypopituitarism. • TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME: Caused by • STEIN-LEVENTHAL SYNDROME: Polycystic superabsorbent tampons. Infection with Staph ovary ------> infertility, amenorrhea, hirsutism. Seen Aureus and subsequent toxicity of exotoxin in obese women. TSST ------> systemic anaphylaxis. • TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION SYNDROME: o Fever, vomiting, diarrhea Insensitivity to Testosterone. Male o Red rash followed by desquamation Psuedohermaphroditism • WATERHOUSE-FRIEDRICHSON o Complete female external genatalia, SYNDROME: Meningeococcal Meningitis ------ incompletely developed vagina, rudimentary > DIC, hemorrhagic infarct of adrenal glands ---- uterus. --> fulminant adrenal failure. o Vomiting, diarrhea. PULMONARY o Shock o Extensive purpura, cyanosis, circulatory collapse. • KARTAGENER'S SYNDROME: Situs Inversus (lateral transposition of lungs) resulting from chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis. RENAL • HAMMAN-RICH SYNDROME: Interstitial fibrosis of the lung. • KEMMELSTIEL-WILSON SYNDROME: • MIDDLE-LOBE SYNDROME: Chronic Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis. pneumonitis and atalectasis of middle lobe of right • BARTTER'S SYNDROME: Juxtaglomerular lung. Cell Hyperplasia ------> secondary symptoms: • CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME: Allergic o Hyperaldosteronism, Hypokalemic Granulomatous Angiitis: Asthma, fever, eosinophilia. Alkalosis, elevated renin and angiotensin INFECTIOUS o No hypertension. o Compare to Conn's Syndrome • FANCONI'S SYNDROME Type II: Renal • FITZ-HUGH-CURTIS SYNDROME: Gonococcal aminoaciduria, glycosuria, hypophosphaturia, Periphepatitis in woman, as a complication of cysteine deposition, rickets. Gonorrhea. • THORN'S SYNDROME: Salt-losing nephritis. • GUILLAN-BARRE SYNDROME: Infectious Polyneuritis of unknown cause. • HUNT'S SYNDROME: Herpe's Zoster infection of NEUROLOGICAL Facial Nerve (CN VII) and Geniculate Ganglion ------ > facial palsy. • CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME: o Zoster of ear Compression of Median Nerve through the • REYE'S SYNDROME: Loss of consciousness and Carpal Tunnel ------> pain and parasthesia over seizures in kids, after a viral infection treated by distribution of Median N. aspirin. • FROIN'S SYNDROME: Block in CSF flow ---- • REITER'S SYNDROME: Symptom cluster. --> xanthochromia (yellow discoloration) of Etiology is thought to be Chlamydial or post- CSF. chlamydial. • ACUTE-BRAIN SYNDROME: Delirium, o Urethritis confusion, disorientation, developing suddenly in o Iridocyclitis (Conjunctivitis) a person that was previously psychologically o Arthritis normal. o Skin lesions like karatoderma • GERSTMANN'S SYNDROME: Lesion blenorrhagicum between occipital area and angular gyrus ------> o Also can see fatty liver or liver necrosis. symptoms: • SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME: S. Aureus toxic o Finger agnosia, Agraphia, acalculia epidermal necrolysis. o Right-left disorientation •