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Sulle Tracce Dei Francesi in Lombardia E ITCS Primo Levi – Bollate Anno Scolastico 2018/2019 Progetto ESABAC Sulle Tracce dei Francesi in Lombardia e. a Bollate I Protagonisti del Progetto Curatrice: Gli Allievi: Prof.ssa Giuliana Cuoghi Gaia Bizzoni Beatrice Brancaleoni Esperti Interni: Clara Cattaneo Prof.ssa Nadja Calabrò Lorenzo Ciccardi Prof. Stéphane Finetti Andrea Dalla Francesca Prof. Sergio Giuntini Giulia Federici Giovanna Fuggetti Editor: Arianna Bruna Gariboldi Prof. Vincenzo Currò Federica Ghirardi Izabella Gogolieva Lara Infante Amina Kuli Chantale La Rosa Oriana Magnano Martina Mandalà Roberta Margarito Adriana Alda Riva Giorgia Rizzo Table des matières Préface 1 Remerciements 5 1 La Révolution française et l’Italie napoléonienne 7 1 La Révolution française . .7 1.1 De l’ouverture des États généraux à l’Assemblée consti- tuante . .7 1.2 L’Assemblée constituante . 11 1.3 L’Assemblée législative . 19 1.4 La Convention . 24 2 De la Réaction Thermidorienne au Directoire . 36 2.1 La première Campagne d’Italie et la première Répu- blique cisalpine . 42 3 Le Consulat et la République italienne . 51 3.1 La deuxième Campagne d’Italie et la deuxième Répu- blique cisalpine . 55 3.2 La République italienne . 57 4 L’Empire et le Royaume d’Italie . 60 4.1 L’Empire et la fondation du Royaume d’Italie . 60 4.2 Les annexions territoriales . 64 4.3 L’écroulement de l’Empire français et la fin du Royaume d’Italie . 68 2 De la sociabilité nobiliaire à la sociabilité bourgeoise 75 1 Introduction . 75 iv Table des matières 2 Bollate à l’époque napoléonienne . 76 3 La Nouvelle Sociabilité Bourgeoise . 78 3.1 La Nouvelle Étiquette .................. 78 3.2 Il Caffè .......................... 79 4 Liberalisation du Jeu de Hasard et de la Chasse . 80 4.1 Le Jeu de Hasard . 80 4.2 La Chasse . 90 5 L’invention du parc publique en Lombardie . 96 5.1 Des parcs Ancien Régime (pour quelques-uns) aux parcs (pour tous) de la Révolution verte roussovienne . 96 5.2 Les parcs de Milan . 97 5.3 Le parc de Monza . 100 6 Fêtes Napoléoniennes à Milan . 103 6.1 L’arène napoléonienne . 108 7 La Liaison Dangereuse Foscolo – Fagnani Arese . 115 7.1 Le milieu . 115 7.2 Antonietta Fagnani Arese . 116 7.3 Antonietta entre Ortis et Werther . 119 7.4 Detraceurs . 121 7.5 Querelle Amoreuse entre Foscolo et Fagnani . 125 7.6 Jalousie et Crises de Colére de Foscolo . 130 7.7 Foscolo Opiomane et Joueur . 133 8 Villas di Delizia .......................... 134 8.1 Villa Litta . 134 8.2 Villa Arconati . 135 8.3 Galeazzo Arconati et le Code Atlantique ........ 138 8.4 G. Arconati et la Statue de Pompeo Magno . 142 3 Le Code Civil : Un lien entre la France et l’Italie qui perdure153 1 Introduction . 153 2 Caractéristiques du lien caché mais fort entre les idées du XVIIIe et celles du XIXe siècle . 158 Table des matières v 3 Pensée et doctrines de deux figures majeurs du droit des Lu- mières : Montesquieu et Rousseau . 159 3.1 Montesquieu : De l’esprit des lois ............ 160 3.2 Rousseau . 168 4 La relation entre les droits des individus et l’État . 172 5 Constitutions et organisation institutionnelle qui précèdent l’arrivée de Napoléon . 175 5.1 Les Constitutions françaises dans la période de la Ré- volution . 175 5.2 Comparaison des deux constitutions . 181 5.3 La constitution de 1795 (An III) . 183 6 Constitution préparant l’arrivée de Napoléon : 1799 (An VIII) 184 7 Les Constitutions dans la période napoléonienne . 186 7.1 La Constitution de 1802 (An X) . 187 7.2 La Constitution de 1804 (An XII) . 188 7.3 Les Constitutions Napoléoniennes de l’Italie . 190 7.4 Le Royaume d’Italie . 191 8 Le Code Civil . 194 8.1 Prémisses sur les conditions nécessaires à l’élaboration et à la publication du Code Civil en France . 194 8.2 Les projets de Code et le rôle majeur de Cambacérès . 195 8.3 Napoléon et le Code . 196 8.4 L’esprit du Code . 199 8.5 Évènements liés à l’acceptation du code et le rôle joué par Portalis . 203 8.6 Peu de lois, bonnes, utiles, mais imparfaites . 206 8.7 La réception du Code en Italie et le rôle de Giuseppe Luosi . 208 9 Conclusions : l’influence du Code . 213 Bibliographie 219 Préface Cette brochure est le résultat des La presente brochure è il frutto della comptes-rendus des conférences des pro- rendicontazione delle approfondite lezioni fesseurs de l’ITCS Primo Levi de Bollate, dei docenti dell’ITCS Primo Levi di Bol- Madame Nadja Calabrò, Monsieur Sté- late, Professori Nadja Calabrò, Stéphane phane Finetti et Monsieur Sergio Giun- Finetti e Sergio Giuntini, da parte degli tini, de la part des élèves de la classe alunni della classe IV A LL del Liceo Lin- IV A LL du Lycée linguistique EsaBac guistico sezione EsaBac sul tema Sulle sur le thème Sur les traces des Fran- tracce dei Francesi in Lombardia. e çais en Lombardie. et à Bollate, dans a Bollate, all’interno dei progetti PON– le cadre des projets PON–FSE (Pro- FSE (Programmi Operativi Nazionali del grammes Opérationnels Nationaux du Fondo Sociale Europeo) destinati al po- Fond Social Européen) visant à renforcer tenziamento dell’educazione al patrimo- l’éducation pour le patrimoine culturel, nio culturale, artistico e paesaggistico. artistique et paysager. Le projet, classé premier dans la sé- Il progetto, classificatosi al primo lection faite par l’Autorité de Gestion du posto nella selezione operata dall’Autorità PON, prévoit la mise en réseau de trois di Gestione dei PON, prevede la collabo- lycées EsaBac lombards : le Lycée Gal- razione in rete di tre licei EsaBac lom- vani de Milan, école chef de file pour la bardi : il Liceo Galvani di Milano, scuola Lombardie ; le Lycée Manzoni de Varese capofila della Lombardia ; il Liceo Man- et le Lycée linguistique Primo Levi de zoni di Varese ed il Liceo Linguistico del Bollate, qui voit comme sponsor la Mu- Primo Levi di Bollate, che vede come nicipalité de la ville, représentée par le patrocinante il Comune di Bollate, nella conseiller pour les politiques éducatives figura dell’Assessore alle Politiche educa- et l’enfance, Monsieur Salvatore Leone. tive e dell’Infanzia Salvatore Leone. Pour le Primo Levi, les thèmes et la Per il Primo Levi le tematiche e la structure du projet Sur les traces des struttura del progetto Sulle tracce dei Français en Lombardie ont été conçus Francesi in Lombardia sono state conce- 2 Préface et élaborés par Madame Barbara Avan- pite ed elaborate dalla Professoressa Bar- zini et moi-même. En tant que professeur bara Avanzini e dalla sottoscritta, che de français et responsable du projet, j’ai ne ha in seguito curato, promosso e co- ensuite préparé, promu et coordonné sa ordinato la realizzazione in qualità di réalisation, dans le domaine de la connais- tutor e di docente di francese, nell’am- sance de notre patrimoine culturel, ma- bito della conoscenza della nostra eredità tériel et immatériel, en tant que partie culturale, materiale e immateriale, quale fondamentale de l’identité personnelle et parte fondamentale dell’identità perso- collective ainsi que de la construction nale e collettiva e della costruzione della d’une citoyenneté active. cittadinanza attiva. Les élèves de la classe IV A LL ont été Gli alunni della classe IV A LL sono les destinataires d’un cycle de 30 heures stati i destinatari di un ciclo di 30 ore di de conférences sur l’héritage matériel et conferenze sull’eredità materiale e imma- immatériel laissé par les Français en Lom- teriale lasciata dai Francesi in Lombardia, bardie, en général, et à Milan et Bollate, in generale, e a Milano e Bollate, in par- en particulier, pendant la période napo- ticolare, durante il periodo napoleonico. léonienne. Au début, Monsieur Finetti a étudié Dapprima, il Professor Finetti ha en détail la Révolution Française en tant trattato dettagliatamente la Rivoluzione que prémisse historique de la présence Francese quale premessa storica alla pre- des Français en Lombardie et comme senza dei Francesi in Lombardia e quale événement à la base de l’adoption du evento alla base dell’adozione del Codice Code Civil napoléonien (de l’ouverture Civile Napoleonico (dall’apertura degli des États généraux au Directoire ; de la Stati Generali al Direttorio ; dalla prima première Campagne d’Italie à la Répu- campagna d’Italia di Napoleone alla Re- blique Italienne ; de l’Empire et la Fon- pubblica italiana ; dall’Impero e dalla fon- dation du Royaume d’Italie jusqu’à leur dazione del Regno Italico fino al crollo effondrement). degli stessi). Ensuite, Monsieur Giuntini a traité Il Professor Giuntini, in seguito, ha l’aspect sociologique et urbanistique le trattato l’aspetto sociologico e urbanis- long d’une voie fascinante sur la tran- tico lungo un affascinante percorso sul sition de la sociabilité nobiliaire à la passaggio dalla sociabilità nobiliare alla sociabilité bourgeoise, qui prévoit l’ana- sociabilità borghese, che prevede l’analisi lyse des effets du processus de libéralisa- delle ricadute del processo di liberalizza- tion/démocratisation opéré par le gouver- zione/democratizzazione operato da go- nement napoléonien sur la réorganisation verno napoleonico sulla riorganizzazione Préface 3 des nouvelles spatialités urbaines, trans- delle nuove spazialità urbane, trasfor- formées en centres de représentation de mate in centri di rappresentazione della la classe dirigeante bourgeoise ainsi que classe dirigente borghese e sull’abolizione l’abolition des privilèges ancien régime dei privilegi Ancien Régime (la caccia e (chasse et jeu), pour terminer avec la re- il gioco d’azzardo), per proseguire con la lation tourmentée entre Ugo Foscolo et tormentata relazione tra Ugo Foscolo e la la noble milanaise Antonietta Fagnani nobildonna milanese Antonietta Fagnani Arese à l’arrière-plan de Villa Arconati, Arese sullo sfondo di Villa Arconati, la la petite Versailles, emblème d’une vie Piccola Versailles, emblema di una vita di de cour et d’un libertinage d’ascendance corte e di un libertinaggio di ascendenza délicieusement français.
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