International Journal of Geobotanical Research, Vol. nº 2. 2012. pp. 111-116

Description of some new syntaxa from the archipelago

José Antonio FERNÁNDEZ PRIETO (1), Carlos AGUIAR (2) & Eduardo DIAS (3)

(1) Área de Botánica. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemass. Universidad de Oviedo. C/ Catedrático Rodrigo Uría, s/n, 330071-Oviedo. España; [email protected] (2) CIMO-Centro de Investigação de Montanha. Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. 5301-855 Bragança. ; [email protected] (3) Departamento de Ciências Agrárias. Universidade dos Açores. Campus de Angra, Terra-Cha 9701-851 Angra do Heroísmo. Portugal; [email protected]

Abstract: A new clase Tolpido azoricae-Holcetea rigidi (non grazed perennial communities of rocky and earthy scarps, slope deposits and natural forest fringes ); two new orders Tolpido azoricae-Holcetalia rigidi and Frangulo azoricae-Lauretalia azoricae (ever- green broad-leaved micro-mesoforest); four new alliances Thelipterido pozoi-Woodwardion redicantis (comophytic plant communi- ties ), Ornithopo pinnati-gaudion coarctatae (pionner oligotrophic therophitic plant communities), Tolpido suculentae-Agrostion congestiflorae (perennial graminoid communities of cliffs and landslide scarps) and Pericallion malvifoliae (perennial herbs commu- nities of semi-shaded of woodlands), and 14 news associations are described and typified for the Azores archipelago in this paper. Five associations and two alliances are lectotyfied or proposed for the name correction respectively.

Key words: New sintaxa, Phytosociology, Azores.

Introduction Syntaxa description The Azores is probably the last European territory to 13. SCHEUCHZERIO PALUSTRIS-CARICETEA NIGRAE require a high ranking formal syntaxonomy. In fact, the Tüxen 1937 nom. mut. Rivas-Martínez & al. 2002 published phytosociological studies about the vegetation 13b. CARICETALIA NIGRAE Koch 1926 em. Br.-Bl. 1948 of Azores, following the methods and concepts of the nom. mut. Rivas-Martínez & al. 2002 Zurich-Montpellier school, and the rules of the Interna- 13.3. Anagallido tenellae-Juncion bulbosi Br.-Bl. tional Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Weber 1967 et al. 2000), are limited to three publications by D. Lüp- 13.3.3. Eleocharito multicaulis-Caricetum cedercreu- nitz in the 1970s (Lüpnitz, 1975a, b and Lüpnitz, 1976), tzii F. Prieto & Aguiar ass. nova hoc loco and to the recent description of a noteworthy group of Meso- and supratemperate minerotrophic peatlands, new syntaxa, mainly forests and tall shrublands, among usually dominated by Carex cedercreutzii and Eleo- them a new vegetation class, the Lauro azoricae-Junipe- charis multicaulis. retea brevifoliae, by Rivas-Martínez et al. (in Rivas- Typus associatio: S. Jorge: Serra do Topo, Pedra Ver- Martínez et al. 2002a, b). melha. Altitude 775 m, orientation W, slope 20º, We recognize in this paper a new vegetation class, surface 3 m2, cover 70%. Characteristic species: 1 two new orders, four new alliances and thirteen new Carex cedercreutzii, 2 Eleocharis multicaulis, 2 associations. At the same time, we have carried out a Anagallis tenella, + Viola palustris subsp. juresii; conceptual and nomenclatural revision of some less clear Companion species: 3 Agrostis azorica, 1 Poten- published syntaxa. In the description of the new associa- tilla erecta, + Leontodon taraxacoides, + Carex tions, only the type relevé has been transcribed, and all pilulifera subsp. azorica, + Huperzia dentata. the new syntaxa have been intentionally depicted in a minimal way. In a previous publication (Fernández 17. CRITHMO MARITIMI-LIMONIETEA Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Prieto et al., 2006) we presented many of the syntaxa Roussine & Nègre 1952 nom. mut. Rivas-Martínez here validated. A comprehensive revision of the vegeta- & al. 2002 tion of the Azores will be soon published in Global Geo- 17b. CRITHMO-ARMERIETALIA Géhu 1968 botany. Syntaxa numbers follow the same authors. All the 17.6. Euphorbio azoricae-Festucion petraeae Lüp- nitz 1975 described syntaxa, excepting the alliance Thelipterido pozzoi-Woodwardion radicantes, are endemic to the Communities of the Azores sea cliffs. Azores Archipelago. Typus alliancia: Festucetum petraeae Lüpnitz 1976.

Corresponding author: José Antonio Fernández Prieto. Área de Botánica. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas. Universidad de Oviedo. C/ Catedrático Rodrigo Uría, s/n, 330071-Oviedo. España; E-mail: [email protected] ISSN: 2253-6302 (print)/ISSN: 2253-6515 (on line) ©Editaefa DOI: 10.5616/ijgr 120007 112 J.A.F. Prieto, C. Aguiar & E. Dias

Characteristic species: Azorina vidali, Daucus azori- species: 3 Stegnogramma pozoi, 1 Selaginella azo- cus, Euphorbia azorica, Festuca petraea, rica, + Diplazium caudatum, 2 Cystopteris dia- maritima, Solidago sempervirens subsp. azorica, phana. Spergularia azorica. 40. TUBERARIETEA GUTTATAE (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Rous- 17.6.1. Azorinetum vidalii Lüpnitz 1976 nom. mut sine & Nègre 1952) Rivas Goday & Rivas-Martínez [= Campanuletum vidalii Lüpnitz 1976]a 1963 em. Rivas-Martínez 1978 nom. mut. Rivas- 17.6.2. Festucetum petraeae Lüpnitz 1976 Martínez & al. 2002 17.6.3. Festuco petraeae-Juncetum acuti F. Prieto & 40a. TUBERARIETALIA GUTTATI Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Moli- Aguiar ass nova hoc loco nier & Wagner 1940 em. Rivas-Martínez 1978 Diagnosis: Communities of Juncus acutus and Fes- Rivas-Martínez & al. 2002 tuca petraea inhabiting littoral lava bed depressions 40.6. Ornithopo pinnati-Gaudinion coarctatae F. Prie- filled with coarse texture deposits, temporarily sub- to & Aguiar all. nova hoc loco merged by sea water; sometimes also in rocky seas- Pioneer, oligotrophic, spring and early summer ephe- hores. meral plant communities from the thermomediterra- Typus associatio: Pico: Cachorro. Altitude 0 m, orien- nean and thermotemperate vegetation belts of the tation -, slope -, surface 20 m2, cover 50%. Charac- Azorean Islands. The annual oligotrophic grasslands teristic species: 3 Juncus acutus, 1 Festuca petraea, + Crithmum maritimum; Companion species: + of Azores are mainly constituted by introduced spe- Atriplex prostrata, + Cyrtomium falcatum. cies, although there is a consistent group of endemic species of Azores, or of Azores and other Macarone- 17.6.4. Spergularietum azoricae Lüpnitz 1976 sian archipelagos. These two arguments justify the 26. ANOMODONTO VITICULOSAE-POLYPODIETEA CAM- proposal of this new alliance. The lack of basophilous BRICI Rivas-Martínez 1975 therophyts explains the assignment of the Ornithopo- 26.a. ANOMODONTO VITICULOSAE-POLYPODIETALIA CAM- Gaudinion coarctatae to Tuberarietalia guttatae. BRICI O. Bolòs & Vives in O. Bolòs 1957 Typus alliancia: Ornithopo pinnati-Gaudinietum 26.4. Thelipterido pozzoi-Woodwardion radicantis F. coarctatae, designated here. Prieto & Aguiar all. nova hoc loco. Characteristic species: Aichrysum villosum, Gaudinia coarctata, Lolium aristatum and Rostraria azorica. Comophytic communities of rocky or earthy slopes dominated by medium to large sized ferns, present on 40.6.1. Ornithopo pinnati-Gaudinietum coarctatae rainy temperate and Mediterranean hyperoceanic te- F. Prieto & Aguiar ass. nova hoc loco rritories, in the Madeiran and Atlantic European pro- Diagnosis: Therophytic pioneer phytocoenosis do- vinces. minated by the Azores endemic annual grass Gaudi- Typus alliancia: Diplazio caudati -Woodwardietum nia coarctata. It has a strong pioneer character and a radicantis, designated here. manifest preference for recent lava flows (“misté- Characteristic species: Cystopteris diaphana, Dipla- rios”). zium caudatum, Stegnogramma pozoi, Selaginella Typus associatio: Pico: Madalena, Cais do Mourato. 2 azorica and Woodwardia radicans. Altitude 5 m, orientation -, slope -, surface 3 m , cover 20%. Characteristic species: 3 Gaudinia 26.4.2. Diplazio caudati-Woodwardietum radicantis coarctata, 3 Ornithopus pinnatus, 1 Aira caryo- F. Prieto & Aguiar ass. nova hoc loco. phyllea, + Lotus hispidus, + Silene gallica, 1 Lotus Diagnosis: Comophytic community dominated by angustissimus; Companion species: + Leontodon Woodwardia radicans, with a meso- to supratempe- taraxacoides, 1 Plantago coronopus, 1 Polycarpum rate distribution in the Azorean Sector. tetraphyllum. Typus associatio: Faial: Caldera of Faial, way down to the caldera. Altitude 580 m, orientation W, slope 48. TOLPIDO AZORICAE-HOLCETEA RIGIDI F. Prieto & 90º, surface 4 m2, cover 80%. Characteristic spe- Aguiar classis nova hoc loco cies: 4 Woodwardia radicans, 2 Selaginella azori- Non grazed perennial communities of ca, + Stegnogramma pozoi, + Diplazium cauda- rocky and earthy scarps, slope deposits and natural fo- tum; Companion species: 1 Athyrium filix-femina, rests fringes, dominated by endemic graminoids, hemi- + Blechnum spicant, + Carex guthnickiana, + Os- cryptophytes and dwarf chamaephytic herbs. It is ende- munda regalis, 1 Sibthorpia europaea. mic of the thermomediterranean and thermo- to supra- 26.4.3. Selaginello azoricae-Stegnogrammetum po- temperate belts of the Azorean biogeographic Province. zoi F. Prieto & Aguiar ass. nova hoc loco The majority of the endemic vascular grasses and forbs Diagnosis: Thermo- and mesotemperate comophytic of the Azores are characteristic of this vegetation class; it community of rocky or earthy slopes, dominated by is plausible that almost all of the non-endemics found in Stegnogramma pozoi and Selaginella azorica, fre- its communities are allochthonous species. The thorough quently establishing vegetation mosaic with the Di- floristic dissimilarities between the Tolpido-Holcetea plazio-Woodwardietum radicantis, although favou- rigidi communities and their European and Madeirean ring more shaded and disturbed habitats. counterparts render unattainable their assignation to other Typus associatio: Faial: Fajã Grande, earthy slopes already described herbaceous vegetation classes. nearby a rivulet. Altitude ca. 100 m, orientation N, Typus classis: Tolpido azoricae-Holcetalia rigidi F: 2 slope 90º, surface 1 m , cover 50%. Characteristic Prieto & Aguiar, designated here. Description of some new syntaxa from the Azores archipelago 113

Characteristic species: Agrostis azorica, Brachypodium pureo-splendens, 1 Rubia agostinhoi (under Rubia gaditanum, Carex guthnickiana, Carex vulcani, Cen- peregrina), + Carex echinata, + Mentha pulegium, taurium scilloides, Holcus rigidus, Luzula purpureo- + Plantago coronopus.as1 splendens, Lysimachia azorica, Scabiosa nitens and 48.1.3. Lysimachio azoricae-Holcetum rigidi F. Tolpis azorica. Prieto, Aguiar & Dias ass. nova hoc loco 48a. TOLPIDO AZORICAE-HOLCETALIA RIGIDI F. Prieto & Diagnosis: Grasslands of slope deposits, frequently Aguiar ordo novus hoc loco with peat formation, present in the meso- and supra- Sole order of the class. temperate belts of the Azorean Sector. Typus ordo: Festucion francoi Lüpnitz 1976 corr. F. Typus associatio: Flores: Lagoa Branca. Holceta Prieto, Aguiar, J.C. Costa, Lousã & Rivas-Martínez with Sphagnum peat. Primary position. On the edge corr., designated here. of a community. Altitude 200 Characteristic species: See class. m, orientation NE, slope 30%, surface 2 m2, cover 48.1. Festucion francoi Lüpnitz 1976 corr. F. Prieto, 80%. Characteristic species: 4 Holcus rigidus, + Aguiar, J.C. Costa, Lousã & Rivas-Martínez Agrostis azorica, + Lysimachia azorica, 1 Potenti- corr. hoc loco lla erecta, + Luzula purpureo-splendens, + Festuca [= Festucion jubatae Lüpnitz 1976, Beitr. Biol. Pflan- francoi, 2 Deschampsia foliosa; Companion spe- zen 51: 223, original name] cies: + Blechnum spicant, + Lotus pedunculatus, 1 Taxonomic correction: Festuca jubata sensu Lüpnitz Rubia agostinhoi, + Vaccinium cylindraceum, + 1976 et auct. non Lowe should be Festuca francoi Sibthorpia europaea, 2 Sphagnum palustre, 1 Jun- Fern.Prieto, C.Aguiar, E.Días & M.I.Gut. [Bot. J. cus effusus. Linn. Soc. 157(3): 497 (-498; fig. 1), 2008]. 48.1.4. Potentillo-Agrostietum azoricae Lüpnitz 1975 Meso-supratemperate, oligotrophic graminoid asso- [= Potentillo anglicae-Agrostietum azoricae Lüpnitz ciations with scattered megaforbs in a matrix of en- 1975 corr. Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. demic grasses, linked with habitats disturbed by soil Costa, Días & Aguiar 2002] and rock mass movements or gusting winds. Diagnosis: Pioneer meso-supratemperate grasslands Typus alliancia: Potentillo-Agrostietum azoricae of Agrostis azorica, particularly common on former Lüpnitz 1975 ombrogenous blanket bogs removed by mass move- Characteristic species: Agrostis botelhoi, Agrostis con- ments. gestiflora subsp. oreophila, Carex punctata, Festuca Lectotypus associatio [designated here (Art. 19a of francoi, Deschampsia foliosa, Euphrasia azorica, the ICPN): table 3, rel. 10 (Lüpnitz 1975b: 164). Euphrasia grandiflora, Leontodon rigens, Leonto- Ilha do Pico: Pico. 800 m. Char.arten: Agrostis azo- don filii, Myosotis azorica and Veronica dabneyi. rica (under Agrostis castellana) 3.3; Ordn. und Klass. Char. arten: Potentilla sp. (under Potentilla 48.1.1. Centaurio scilloides-Deschampsietum folio- recta) +.1, Polygala vulgaris +.1, Sieglingia de- sae F. Prieto, Aguiar & Dias ass. nova hoc cumbens +.1. Begleiter: Anthoxanthum odoratum loco 1.1, Blechnum spicant 1.1, Lysimachia nemorum Diagnosis: Meso- and supratemperate Deschampsia +.1, Anagallis tenella +.1, Selaginella azorica (un- foliosa grasslands subjected to gusting winds. der Selaginella kraussiana) 2.2, Hydrocotyle vul- Typus associatio: Flores: hill in front of Morro Alto. garis +.1, Eleocharis multicaulis +.1, Festuca fran- Altitude 850 m, orientation W, slope 20%, surface coi (under Festuca jubata) 1.1. 4 m2, cover 90%. Characteristic species: 5 Des- champsia foliosa, + Centaurium scilloides, 1 Lu- 48.1.5. Tolpidetum azoricae Lüpnitz 1976 zula purpureo-splendens, + Lysimachia azorica, 1 [=Tolpidetum azoricae typische Subassociation, Lüpnitz 1976, Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 51: 227; excl. Agrostis azorica, 2 Festuca francoi; Companion Subassociation von Lactuca watsoniana Lüpnitz species: + Blechnum spicant, + azorica, + 1976, Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen, 51: 228] Huperzia dentata, + Juniperus brevifolia, + Carex Diagnosis: Steep earthy slopes communities of Fes- echinata, + Rubia agostinhoi. tuca francoi and Leontodon filii.as 48.1.2. Festucetum francoi Lüpnitz 1975 corr. Fer- Lectotypus associatio [designated here (Art. 19a of nández-Prieto, Aguiar, J.C. Costa, Lousã & the ICPN)]: table 17, rel. 2 (Lüpnitz 1976: 230). Rivas-Martínez corr. hoc loco Faial: Rand der Caldeira. 850 m, 100%, Inklination [= Festucetum jubatae Lüpnitz 1975] in Grad 40º, 20-25 m2. Charakterarten: 2 Tolpis Diagnosis: Steep earthy slopes communities of Fes- azorica, + (Senecio) malvifolius; Ver- tuca francoi and Leontodon rigens. bancharakterarten: 5 Festuca francoi (under Fes- Lectotypus associatio [designated here (Art. 19a of tuca jubata), 3 Holcus rigidus, + Deschampsia fo- the ICPN)]: table 16, rel. 6 (Lüpnitz 1976: 226). liosa, + Leontodon filii (under Picris rigens). Or- Ilha das Flores: Morro Alto. 230 m, 100%, 10º, 12- dnungs. und Klassencharakterarten: + Calluna vul- 2 15 m . Assoziations- und Verbandscharakterarten: garis, + Potentilla erecta, + Pteridium aquilinum. 4 Festuca francoi (under Festuca jubata), + Leon- Blegleiter: 1 Blechnum spicant, + Luzula purpureo- todon (Picris) rigens. Ordnungs. und Klassencha- splendens, + Lysimachia azorica (sub Lysimachia rakterarten: + Potentilla erecta (under Potentilla nemorum), 1 Selaginella azorica (under Selaginella recta), 1 Calluna vulgaris, 1 Thymus caespitius. kraussiana), + Athyrium filix-femina, 1 Lotus uligi- Blegleiter: 1 Blechnum spicant, + Lysimachia azo- nosus, + Holcus lanatus, + Dryopteris aemula, + rica (under Lysimachia nemorum), + Luzula pur- Agrostis azorica (under Agrosti castellana). 114 J.A.F. Prieto, C. Aguiar & E. Dias

48.2. Tolpido succulentae-Agrostion congestiflorae an Ericeta azoricae. Altitude 120 m, orientation N, Aguiar & F. Prieto all. nova hoc loco slope 90%, surface 4 m2, cover 80%. Characteristic Thermomediterranean, occasionally thermotemperate, species: 4 Pericallis malvifolia, 2 Festuca petraea, perennial graminoid communities of cliffs and land- + Ammi seubertianum; Companion species: 1 Cyr- slide scarps. thomium falcatum, 1 Myrica faya, + Petroselinum Typus alliancia: Festuco petraeae-Agrostietum con- crispum, + Bromus catharticus. gestiflorae Aguiar & F. Prieto, designated here. 48.3.2. Lactuco watsonianae-Tolpidetum azoricae Characteristic species: Agrostis congestiflora subsp. (Lüpnitz 1976) F. Prieto, Dias & Aguiar stat. congestiflora, Agrostis gracililaxa, Carex hochstette- nov hoc loco riana (dif.), Daucus carota subsp. azorica, Euphor- [=Tolpidetum azoricae Subassoziation von Lactu- bia azorica (dif.), Festuca petraea and Tolpis succu- ca watsoniana Lüpnitz 1976, Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen lenta. 51: 228] Diagnosis: Mesotemperate fringes. 48.2.1. Festuco petraeae-Agrostietum congestiflorae Lectotypus associatio [designated here (Art. 19a of Aguiar & F. Prieto ass. nova hoc loco the ICPN)]: table 17, rel. 7 (Lüpnitz 1975: 230). Diagnosis: Thermomediterranean and thermotempe- Açores, Pico: feuchte Schlucht am Cebeço da Cruz. rate open grassland of rock outcrops, dominated by 830 m, 100%, Exposition SW, Inklination in Grad Agrostis congestiflora, Festuca petraea and Holcus 80º, 20-25 m2. Charakterarten: 2 Tolpis azorica, + rigidus. Pericallis malvifolia (sub Senecio malvifolius), + Typus associatio: S. Jorge: Fajã dos Bodes. Altitude 2 Bellis azorica; Verbancharakterarten: 2 Festuca 20 m, orientation S, slope 100%, surface 2 m , co- francoi (under Festuca jubata), 3 Holcus rigidus, 1 ver 40%. Characteristic species: 2 Agrostis conges- azorica. Ordnungs. und Klassencharakte- tiflora subsp. congestiflora, 1 Festuca petraea, 1 rarten: + Potentilla erecta, + Polygala vulgaris. Holcus rigidus, + Brachypodium gaditanum; Com- Blegleiter: + Blechnum spicant, 1 Luzula purpureo- panion species: 1 Thymus caespititius. splendens, + Lysimachia azorica (under Lysima- 48.2.2. Holco rigidi-Brachypodietum gaditanae Aguiar chia nemorum), 2 Selaginella azorica (sub Selagi- & F. Prieto ass. nova hoc loco nella kraussiana), + , 1 Athyrium fi- Diagnosis: Thermotemperate or thermomediterra- lix-femina, + Juncus effusus, 1 Woodwardia radi- nean mesoxerophilous grassland of Brachypodium cans, + Holcus lanatus, + Dryopteris aemula, + gaditanum, in less disturbed habitats co-dominated Huperzia selago, + Sibthorpia europaea, + Eu- by Holcus rigidus. Its habitats are small platforms in phorbia stygiana, r , r Cardamine rock outcrops with soil accumulations provided by caldeirarum, + Hymenophyllum tunbrigense, r solifluction and earth flows. Vaccinium cylindraceum, r Ranunculus cortusifo- Typus associatio: S. Jorge: on the way to Fajã de S. lius. Auβerdem mit geringer Stetigkeit: João. Altitude 310 m, orientation S, slope 100%, trealeasi (under Viburnum tinus), Mentha pule- surface 4 m2, cover 60%. Characteristic species: 3 gium, Fragaria vesca.as1 Brachypodium gaditanum, + Agrostis congestiflora 48.3.3. Agrostio azoricae-Angelicetum lignescentis subsp. congestiflora, 1 Holcus rigidus, + Daucus F. Prieto, Dias & Aguiar ass. nova hoc loco carota subsp. azorica; Companion species: + Eu- Diagnosis: Mesotemperate community of Angelica phorbia azorica, 1 Clinopodium vulgare, + Carex lignescens, inhabiting small rivulets generally drip- hochstetteriana, + Plantago lanceolata. ping from Sphagnum bogs. 48.3. Pericallion malvifoliae F. Prieto, Dias & Aguiar Typus associatio: Terceira: Caldeira de Stª Bárbara, all. nova hoc loco portal da Serra, ca. Lagoa Negra. Altitude 900 m, 2 Perennial herbs communities of semi-shaded well orientation -, slope -, surface 4 m , cover 90%. drained external fringes, of Azores endemic wood- Characteristic species: 3 Angelica lignescens, + Ly- lands. Present in the thermomediterranean, meso- to simachia azorica, 2 Agrostis azorica, 1 Tolpis azo- supratemperate vegetation belts of the Azorean Sec- rica, 1 Holcus rigidus; Companion species: 1 Sela- tor. ginella azorica, 1 Cardamine caldeirarum, + Sib- Typus alliancia: Festuco petraeae-Pericallietum mal- thorpia europaea, 2 Dryopteris azorica, + Potenti- vifoliae F. Prieto, Dias & Aguiar, designated here. lla erecta. Characteristic species: Ammi seubertianum, Ammi 49. CALLUNO VULGARIS-ULICETEA MINORIS Br.-Bl. & trifoliatum, Angelica lignescens, Chaerophyllum Tüxen ex Klika & Hadač 1944 azoricum, Lactuca watsoniana, Pericallis malvifolia 49a. CALLUNO-ULICETALIA MINORIS Quantin ex Tüxen and Ranunculus cortusifolius. 1937 48.3.1. Festuco petraeae-Pericallietum malvifoliae 49.5. Daboecion azoricae Lüpniz 1975 F. Prieto, Dias & Aguiar ass. nova hoc loco. Diagnosis: Thermomediterraenan and mesotempe- Heathlands of Azores. rate fringes, sometimes expanding away from forest Typus: Daboecietum azoricae Lüpniz 1975. habitats, of Pericallis malvifolia and Festuca pe- Characteristic species: Daboecia azorica, Diphasias- traea. trum maderense, Huperzia dentata, Huperzia sub- Typus associatio: S. Miguel: Nordeste, nearby the erecta and Palhinhaea cernua. sanitary landfill; coastal escarpment; in the edge of 49.5.1. Daboecietum azoricae Lüpniz 1975 Description of some new syntaxa from the Azores archipelago 115

Diagnosis: Supratemperate heathlands usually domi- 57.1a. Culcito macrocarpae-Juniperenion brevifo- nated by Daboecia azorica. liae Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, Lectotypus associatio [designated here (Art. 19a of Dias & Aguiar 2002 the ICPN)]: table 4, rel. 6 (Lüpnitz 1975b: 168). Ilha Meso- to supratemperate associations. 2 do Pico: Pico. 1950 m, 100%, SW, 45º, 2 m : Char. Typus suballiancia: Daphno-Ericetum azoricae Lüp- arten: Thymus caespititius 4.3, Daboecia azorica nitz 1975. 2.2. Diff.arten der typ. Subass.: Silene vulgaris +.1. Characteristic species: Euphorbia stygiana, Viburnum Verb. char.arten.: Agrostis congestiflora subsp. trealeasi, Deschampsia foliosa (dif.), Ilex azorica oreophila (under Agrostis castellana) +.1. Ordn. und (dif.), Festuca francoi (dif.). Klass.char.arten.: Calluna vulgaris 1.1, Veronica 57.1.1. Cerastio vulgare-Juniperetum brevifoliae officinalis +.1. Begleiter: Blechnum spicant +.1. Lüpnitz 1975 corr. Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, 49.5.2. Huperzio dentatae-Callunetum vulgaris F. F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, Dias & Aguiar 2002 Prieto, Dias & Aguiar ass. nova hoc loco 57.1.2. Daphno-Ericetum azoricae Lüpnitz 1975 Diagnosis: Mesotemperate heathlands of Calluna vulgaris (“rapa”). 57.1.3. Euphrasio grandiflorae-Viburnetum treleasei Typus associatio: Terceira: on the way to Serra de Lüpnitz 1975 corr. F. Prieto & Aguiar corr. Stª Bárbara. Slope with a mineral soil. Altitude 895 hoc loco m, orientation S, slope 90º, surface 12 m2, cover [= Euphrasio grandiflorae-Viburnetum tini Lüp- 80%. Characteristic species: 4 Calluna vulgaris, 1 nitz 1976] Huperzia dentata, + Palhinhaea cernua. Compa- Taxonomic correction: Viburnum tinus sensu Lüp- nion species: + Blechnum spicant, + Potentilla nitz 1976 non L. should be Gan- erecta, 2 Holcus rigidus, 1 Deschampsia foliosa, 2 doger Juniperus brevifolia, + Hypochaeris radicata, + Diagnosis: Tall shrublands of Viburnum treleasei. Luzula purpureo-splendens, + Centaurium scilloi- 57.1.4. Picrido filii-Euphorbietum stygianae Lüpnitz des, 1 Tolpis azorica, + Carex pilulifera subsp. 1976 azorica. 57.1b. Pteridio aquilini-Ericenion azoricae Rivas- 57. LAURO AZORICAE-JUNIPERETEA BREVIFOLIAE Rivas- Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, Dias & Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, Dias & Aguiar 2002 corr. F. Prieto, Dias & Aguiar hoc Aguiar 2002 loco Azorean evergreen broad-leaved micro-mesoforests, [Pteridio pubescentis-Ericenion azoricae Rivas-Mar- acicular-leaved nano-micro forests and seral tall (micro- tínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, Dias & Aguiar 2002, phanerophytic) shrublands, with a hyperoceanic ther- Itinera Geobot. 15(1): 127, original name] momediterranean and thermo- to supratemperate humid- Thermomediterranean and thermotemperate associa- ultrahyperhumid optimum, mostly inhabiting nutrient tions, occasionally lower mesotemperate. poor andosols, that in cold and rainy zones are covered Typus suballiancia: Pteridio pubescentis-Ericetum by a thick acid horizon of organic matter or by a deep azoricae Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. ombrogenous blanket bog. Costa, Dias & Aguiar 2002 Typus classis: Ericetalia azoricae Lüpnitz 1975 Characteristic species: Corema azorica, Myrtus com- Characteristic species: azoricum, Athyrium munis, Myrica faya (dif.), Carex hostetteriana (dif.), filix-femina, Bellis azorica, Blechnum spicant, Cerastium Festuca petraea (dif.). vagans, Carex hochstetteriana, Carex vulcani, Culcita 57.1.5. Festuco petraeae-Coremetum azoricae Ri- macrocarpa, Dryopteris aemula, Dryopteris azorica, vas-Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, Dryopteris crispifolia, Dryopteris filix-mas, Elapho- Dias & Aguiar 2002 glossum semicylindricum, Hedera azorica, Juniperus 57.1.6. Pteridio aquilini-Ericetum azoricae Rivas- brevifolia, Myrsine retusa, Platanthera micrantha, Smi- Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, Dias lax divaricata and Teucrium scorodonia. & Aguiar 2002 corr. F. Prieto, Dias & 57a. ERICETALIA AZORICAE Lüpnitz 1975 Aguiar hoc loco Edaphophilous acicular-leaved nano-microforests on [= Pteridio pubescentis-Ericetum azoricae Rivas- leptosols or deeper soils with an iron pan (placic hori- Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, Días & zon), at higher altitudes covered by a ombrogenous Aguiar 2002, Itinera Geobot. 15(1): 127, original name]. blanket bog, and seral tall shrublands. Taxonomic correction: according to Thomson (2000) Typus ordo: Culcito macrocarpae-Juniperion brevifo- only Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. aquilinum liae Sjögren ex Lüpnitz 1975. is present in the Azores archipelago. Characteristic species: Erica azorica, Grammitis mar- ginella subsp. azorica, Hypericum foliosum, Oreopte- 57.b. FRANGULO AZORICAE-LAURETALIA AZORICAE F. ris limbosperma, Pteridium aquilinum, Rubus hochs- Prieto, Dias & Aguiar ordo novus hoc loco tetterorum, R. ulmifolius, and Vaccinium cylindra- Azorean evergreen broad-leaved edaphoxerophilous, ceum. mesic or hygrophilous micro- and mesoforests. Typus ordo: Dryopterido azoricae-Laurion azoricae 57.1. Culcito macrocarpae-Juniperion brevifoliae Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, Dias & Sjögren ex Lüpnitz 1975 Aguiar, designated here. Sole alliance of the order. Characteristic species: Frangula azorica, Ilex azorica Typus alliancia: Daphno-Ericetum azoricae Lüpnitz. and Laurus azorica. 116 J.A.F. Prieto, C. Aguiar & E. Dias

57.2. Dryopterido azoricae-Laurion azoricae Rivas- 57.3. Myrico fayae-Pittosporion undulati Lüpnitz Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, Dias & 1976 Aguiar 2002 Thermomediterranean or thermotemperate humid mi- Meso-supratemperate hyperhumid to ultrahyperhumid cro-mesoforests, frequently strongly disturbed by hyperoceanic Azorean mesic or hygrophilous micro- human activities and often enriched in synanthropic mesoforests growing on developed andosols. trees and other perennial exotic . Typus alliancia: Dryopterido azoricae-Lauretum azo- Typus alliancia: Myrico fayae-Pittosporetum undulati ricae Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, Lüpnitz 1975 (Lüpnitz 1976: 271, tb. 24) [Art. 20 del ICPN] Dias & Aguiar 2002 Characteristic species: Carex hochstetteriana (dif.), Characteristic species: Carex vulcani (dif.), Elapho- Myrica faya, Picconia azorica. glossum semicylindricum (dif.), Prunus azorica, Sa- 57.3.1. Carici hochstetterianae-Picconietum azoricae nicula azorica. Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, 57.2.1. Culcito macrocarpae-Ilicetum azoricae F. Dias & Aguiar 2002 Prieto, Dias & Aguiar ass. nova hoc loco 57.3.2. Hedychio gardnerani-Pittosporetum undulati Diagnosis: Meso- and supratemperate hyperhumid Lüpnitz 1976 climatophylous evergreen broad-leaved cloud meso- [= Myrico fayae-Pittosporetum undulati Lüpnitz forests of Ilex azorica, growing on andosols without 1976] a placic pan. References Typus associatio: Pico: Boca do Inferno, Misterios de Prainha. Altitude 800 m, orientation -, slope -, Lüpnitz D. 1975a. Die vertikale Vegetationsgliederung auf der surface 200 m2, cover 90%. Characteristic species: Insel Pico – Azoren. Cuad. Bot. Canar. 23/24: 14-24. 4 Ilex azorica, 2 Juniperus brevifolia, 2 Myrsine Lüpnitz D. 1975b. Subalpine und alpine Pflanzengesellschaften retusa, 1 Hypericum foliosum, 2 Vaccinium cylin- auf der Insel Pico (Azoren). Bot. Jahrb. 95(2): 149-173. draceum, + Frangula azorica, 2 Erica azorica, 1 Lüpnitz D. 1976. Geobotanische Studien zur natürlichen Ve- Hedera azorica, 1 Osmunda regalis, 1 Athyrium getation der Azoren unter Berücksichtigung der Chorologie innerhalb Makaronesiens. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 51: 149-319. filix-femina, 3 Blechnum spicant, 1 Carex vulcani, 2 Culcita macrocarpa, 1 Dryopteris affinis, 1 Fernández Prieto JA, Aguiar C, Dias E. 2006. Catálogo Sinta- xonómico da Vegetação Vascular da Ilha Terceira. In Dias E, Dryopteris azorica, + Dryopteris crispifolia, 1 Fernández Prieto JA, Aguiar C. editores. A Paisagem Vegetal Arceuthobium azoricum; Companion species: + da Ilha Terceira (Açores). ALFA- Associação Lusitana de Deschampsia foliosa, + Diplazium caudatum, 1 Fitossociologia, Universidade dos Açores: 51-59. Cardamine caldeirarum, + Bellis azorica, 1 Rivas-Martínez S, Díaz TE, Fernández-González F, Izco J, Fragaria vesca, 1 Hydrocotyle vulgaris, 1 Luzula Loidi J, Lousã M, Penas A. 2002a. Vascular plant communi- purpureo-splendens, 3 Lysimachia azorica, + ties of Spain and Portugal. Addenda to the Syntaxonomical Potentilla azorica, + Prunella vulgaris, 1 Rubia Checklist of 2001. Part.1. Itinera Geobot. 15(1): 5-432. agostinhoi, 2 Sibthorpia europaea, 2 Tolpis Rivas-Martínez S, Díaz TE, Fernández-González F, Izco J, azorica, + Veronica officinalis, + Viola juresii. Loidi J, Lousã M, Penas A. 2002b. Vascular plant communi- ties of Spain and Portugal. Addenda to the Syntaxonomical 57.2.2. Dryopterido azoricae-Lauretum azoricae Ri- Checklist of 2001. Part.2. Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 433-922. vas-Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, Thomson JA. 2000. Morphological and genomic diversity in Dias & Aguiar 2002 the genus Pteridium (Dennstaedtiaceae). Annals of Botany 57.2.3. Woodwardio radicantis-Prunetum azoricae 85: 77-99. Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, F. Prieto, J.C. Costa, Weber HE, Moravec J, Theurillat, J-P. 2000. International Dias & Aguiar 2002 Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. 3rd edition. Journal of Vegetation Science 11: 739-768.