1 1 The ecological impact of oceanic island colonization – a palaeoecological 2 perspective from the Azores 3 4 Connor, S.E., van Leeuwen, J.F.N., Rittenour, T.M., van der Knaap, W.O., 5 Ammann, B. and Björck, S. 6 7 8 This is a draft version of a manuscript published in Journal of Biogeography 39: 9 1007-1023 (2012). Please note that there may be differences between this 10 version and the final published version. The authors will be happy to provide 11 copies on request. 2 12 Strapline: Original Article 13 Running header: Palaeoecology of human colonization of the Azores 14 15 The ecological impact of oceanic island colonization – a palaeoecological 16 perspective from the Azores 17 Simon E. Connor1*, Jacqueline F.N. van Leeuwen2, Tammy M. Rittenour3, Willem O. 18 van der Knaap2, Brigitta Ammann2 and Svante Björck4 19 1Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of the Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal, 20 2Institute for Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 21 Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland, 3Department of Geology, Utah State University, 4505 Old 22 Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA, 4Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Division of Geology – 23 Quaternary Sciences, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223-62 Lund, Sweden 24 25 *Correspondence: Simon Connor, CIMA-FCT, Campus de Gambelas, University of the 26 Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal. E-mail:
[email protected] 27 28 ABSTRACT 29 Aim 30 In many cases, human colonization drastically modified the ecosystems of remote 31 oceanic islands before scientists arrived to document the changes.