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Dwarf Mistletoes and Their Respective Hosts, and They Wiens, Brittonia 22: 68, 1970

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Dwarf Mistletoes and Their Respective Hosts, and They Wiens, Brittonia 22: 68, 1970 This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. CHAPTER 16 Formal Taxonomy Generic Description erally decussate or rarely whorled on young shoots, 2-4 mm across; staminate flowers with a central nec­ Arceuthobium M. Bieb. tary, perianth segments usually 3-4 (rarely 2 and up to Dwarf Mistletoe 7) bearing a sessile, uniloculate, circular anther on each perianth segment; pollen spherical with 6 alter­ RazoumoJskya Hoffman, Hortus Mosquensis, nating spiny and smooth sections; pistillate flower unpaged, 1808. Arceuthobium M. Bieb. Flora Taurico­ manifestly epigynous with 1 style, perianth segments Caucasica 3(IV) Supplement, p. 629,1819. Nom. Cons. persistent, adnate to ovary, 2-merous; ovary I-cham­ 2091. [Orthographic variants listed by Farr and others bered; fruit an ovoid berry, I-seeded, mucilaginous (1979) are: Arcenthobium Presl (1825), Arceuthobion and bicolored (distal and basal portions of different Sprengel (1826), Arceutholobium Furnrohr (1850), shades), explosive at maturity; seeds without true Arceutobium Grenier & Gordon (1851), Razumowskia integuments, usually 3-5 mm long, ovate-Ianceolate, Presl (1825) and Razoumoeskya Jussieu (1826).] containing 1 (rarely 2) distal, cylindrical embryo, with Herbs or shrubs from 0.5 cm to approximately copious endosperm. Basic chromosome number 70 cm high; parasitic on Pinaceae and Cupressaceae; n=14. plants glabrous, variously colored from greenish yel­ A genus of 42 species, mostly in the United States low to orange, reddish, or black; dioecious; stems with and Mexico; 8 species in the Old World. variant (anomalous) patterns of secondary growth; leaves reduced to minute, opposed, connate scales; Type species: Arceuthobium oxycedri (DC.) internodes angled (at least when young); flowers gen- M. Bieb. Artificial Key to the New World Species of Arceuthobium 1. Distributed in Mexico, Central America, or Hispaniola 2. Hispaniola or Honduras 3. Hispaniola; parasites of Pinus occidentalis ........................................................................... 6. A. bicarinatum 3. Honduras; parasites of Pinus oocarpa .................................................................................. 18. A. hondurense 2. Mexico, Guatemala, or Belize 4. Parasites of Abies or Pseudotsuga 5. Shoots 1-3 cm high; parasites of Pseudotsuga ................................................................. 12. A. douglasii 5. Shoots more than 5 cm high; parasites of Abies 6. Shoots less than 10 cm high, branching not verticillate, greenish; Chihuahua ......................... .. ................................................................................................................................................... 1. A. abietinum 6. Shoots 10-20 cm high, some branching verticillate, yellow; central Mexico .............................. ...................................................................................................................................... 2. A. abietis-religiosae 4. Parasites of Pinus 7. Baja California 8. Shoots olive green, ca. 1-2 mm in diameter; parasites of pinyons .............. 11. A. divaricatum 8. Shoots yellowish, ca. 2-4 mm in diameter; parasites of Pinus jeffreyi or P. coulteri................ ........................................................................................................................................ 9. A. campylopodum 7. Mainland Mexico or Central America 9. Parasites of Pinus subgenus Haploxylon (pinyons and white pines) 10. Parasites of pinyons ....................................... :............................................................. 26. A. pendens 10. Parasites of white or soft pines FonnalTaxonomy -------------------------------------------------------------------- 173 Chapter 16 11. Shoots greenish purple to purple; parasites of Pinus ayacahuite var. ayacahuite; Guatemala or southern Mexico ................................... 16. A. guatemalense 11. Shoots yellow or gray; parasites of Pinus strobiformis or P. ayacahuitevar. brachyptera; northern Mexico 12. Shoots yellowish, usually less than 4 cm high; northern Coahuila ........................ .. ........................................................................................................................ 4.A. apachecum 12. Shoots gray, usually more than 6 cm high; Chihuahua, Durango, or Nuevo Le6n ........................................................................................................ 7. A. blumeri 9. Parasites of Pinus subgenus Diploxylon (yellow pines) 13. Shoots dark, usually some shade of black, reddish (or dull brown when dried) 14. Male and female plants similarly branched (little sexual dimorphism); fruits not glaucous 15. Shoots usually more than 10 cm high and more than 1 cm diameter at base; fruits 4-5 mm long, not shiny ....................... 32a. A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum 15. Shoots usually less than 10 cm high and less than 1 cm diameter at base; fruits ca. 3 mm long, shiny .......................................................................... 28. A. rubrum 14. Male and female plants dissimilarly branched (sexually dimorphic); fruits markedly glaucous ................................................................................................ 23. A. nigrum 13. Shoots yellow, brown, gray, or red 16. Staminate flowers verticillate; spikes deciduous; mature fruits more than 10 mm long ......................................................................................... ....... 33.·A. verticilli:florum 16. Staminate flowers not verticillate; spikes deciduous; mature fruits less than 6mmlong 17. plants of northern Mexico 18. Male and female plants dissimilarly branched (sexually dimorphic) 19. Male plants essentially non-branched and female plants densely branched; fruits not glaucous ................................................... 30. A. strictum 19. Male plants with very open branches and female plants densely branched; fruits markedly glaucous .............................................. 14. A. gillii 18. Male and female plants similarly branched (little sexual dimorphism) 20. Shoots yellow or yellow-brown 21. Shoots bright yellow, in globose clusters, usually more than 10 cm high .............................. 15a. A. globosum subsp. globosum 21. Shoots yellow or brown, not in globose clusters, usually less than 10 cm high ............................................................................ 34. A. yecorense 20. Shoots some shade of orange 22. Shoots dark orange, usually more than 20 cm high; mature fruit 7 mm long; Durango or southward......................... 13.A. durangense 22. Shoots yellow-orange, usually less than 20 cm high; mature fruit 5 mm long; Chihuahua, Sonora, or Coahuila .......................................... ................................................... 32b. A. vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum 17. Plants of southern Mexico (Chiapas and Oaxaca) or Central America 23. Shoots reddish; Oaxaca .............................................................. 24. A. oaxacanum 174 --------------------------------------------------------------------FonnaITaxonomy Chapter 16 23. Shoots dark greenish yellow or orange; Oaxaca, Chiapas, Guatemala, or Belize 24. Shoots yellow, often more than 2 cm in diameter at base; elevations above 2,700 m ................................ 15b. A. globosum subsp. grandicaule 24. Shoots dark, dull greenish yellow or yellow-orange, usually less than 2 cm in diameter at base; elevations below 2,400 m 25. Shoots dark, greenish yellow; parasites of Pinus caribaea or p. oocarpa; elevations above 500 m; Belize ..... 17. A. hawksworthii 25. Shoots yellow-orange; parasites of pine other than P. caribaea (sometimes onP. oocarpa); elevations 900-2,400 m; Oaxaca, Chiapas, or Guatemala .......................................................... .5. A. aureum 1. Distributed in the United States or Canada 26. Parasites principally of Pinus 27. Parasites of Pinus subgenus Haploxylon (pinyons and white pines) 28. Parasites of pinyons ............................................................................................................. 11. A. divaricatum 28. Parasites of white pines 29. Parasites of Pinus strobiformis 30. Shoots usually less than 4 cm high, yellow; southern Arizona or southern New Mexico ........................................................................................................................................4. A. apachecum 30. Shoots usually more than 6 cm high, gray; Huachuca Mountains of Arizona ..................... ................................................................................................................................................7. A. blumeri 29. Parasites of white pines other than Pinus strobiformis 31. Parasites of Pinus aristata; Arizona ............................................................ 21. A. microcarpum 31. Parasites of pines other than Pinus aristata or if parasite of Pinus aristata then not Arizona 32. Shoots usually less than 6 cm high, densely clustered around the host branch; parasites of Pinus jlexilis, P. albicaulis, P. aristata, or P. longaeva ................................ ......................................................................................................................... 10. A. cyanocarpum 32. Shoots usually more than 6 cm high, not densely clustered around the host branch; parasites of Pinus monticola or P. lambertiana 33. Shoots dark
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