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REF ID:A447'7 THE SllTURBAY EVENING POST 21

hAS 4 • ''1.t":f'• I ope in: 11r•· ..r ,,,.,,_ 1., lt11r:11·•1•. n11tl :11.­ 111i11i11L:' 1111•10-.:ll...... u;h•·r 11,\" c·:1rhm:u."11•·· TJlll•'l'l•ll~ 11n• ru:.ui- .\11111l11·r 1lh1·1r:111•111 in ru11I :u:tl 111:.11-' of tlu·m 1111' 1..... tt, i· ;, ...... 11r..• 111' 1.!n•:1I nt1li111111.'. :1 11ur111:1I .\•h1·1. :1h1lm• .+:ur:1"" "1":11•111·11 ... :1 ••·I :11111 •" ,..., •·r·•· 1111r· f ;n.. ·k "nh·r 1111 111111· 1m1I :1lf')1:1l11•!•. S";·,1rb· "''' nHair. "' tlU' 1CKl,\1•:1,.... :1fh•rll1t• l•tll.., ru11rlh """"·' ll. 1 ••• h1·ut111r1 uf tin• • 11•l11•r 1•1u1n1rr,at1 .. hu·un .1ar- \\c• luul lh1• l'111h'll •rt·111 lllt•l luul~ uf '. S•ah"' .\rm~ u•nu: 11 M•'R•f ... llllllllllti1•:1fi1•ll, :.1 1lw 11u1hni·:1" uf \\:tr ,;.,1111•nr 1lu· 11n·thu1l .. 1•1 ..... \\Uh t i1·r11m11~·· .. .,.rt,\"' 11:-it• ''=,, ...... ,, m:.al1• f:unnu .. 1,,. 1l1t• Hard Reading .. , ...... 1 .. 11°r- ..r 1•1uu1n·h --=-~ .. w ..... ~~~~.: -- • _,____ .__._.,._, _ ....,...,.,_ .... ., •.._ __ .._, _ _...... ,...._,_~._ ...... , _ _,"'-iool• 1t11tl nlh1•r 11111•11•111 \\tll• in: mu·• 1hAi•·11l1 1114.•!lol r:1111ou:e T'A• M•U••lc ~l11A•r, .1'••1111 I• H111•• 8••• l/1•rl • ., IA• •r•••••••• •·ho. ·r11,. T1·111lu-r L.-l\"1•11 In 1.r ,,.,.,... ,,,., i·~··· ,...... Tr11l1111111a•i·1·um111 ...... ;I h111""' j,. llml knn1'11 "" 1111• 1'ky111l1•, uf :;";ti al11h:1l11·t ..... 1-:u·h le•th·r 111 1•arh •·l1i.·l1 t'"lm•i,.h•l in "ritiua: u , ...... al1•lml•·• ••·11111: F1·f'n·•1·111r1l I•• n d11T.. r- Hh H 1111.rrnw 11ilri1• ul' 1t11rrlu1n•11l \Ut11nd •·nl \\111"tl 11r 1•hra•1•. " 1111inally 11ru111ul 11 1'"n1•ll'l1 ""'· Wlu·n '"'""1111cl, 1111• iSJr:111l11·im :11111 \\'i1r1.l111ra:. "l'r11h1•111i11 .. luh11r1 ... I 1u11l.-r In 1•111·i1•h1 rinl!' •h•· I• • l•·r ...... r 11 1111·.c·aa.re• 11u· alh•111111 lt•lh•l'JC uf tlH• wunlor1 nf lh1• 1m·~...:1L'l' "••n• M• ,,...·:.1lh•n•1I lh•· ,.u,.1111·1011nf1l1·al1111: 111 11111:."rul art... :.11a1l l1·r1 111 •~ 111:1111· t11,.1·h·1·1 "••nl· "1111·11. "he·u 1•l:n·1 .. l t11&.... ·llH"r. 111111 1111•\" 1lid nu! Funn i111t•l1111:1!.11• "nl'll• 111111 •·n11l1l u1b1•f1' tl11• 11111.:u"tl ut 11rm1111~ hi,. 1m11111·1·ri1••. II n11- 11u1l.1• :.n iut.·llim:1l1lt• :&1•nh•11•"''· 'l"rill11•mlu11 ,;a\:lli 1lai:& nul ho• ~~111. 1'1w 1111°1111 .. 1 ur n·mli111r w11" tu "'"'"'' l"':u-. .. 11"" )"••ar,.. 11.(h"I" 11111 dr1.11b. l•ul ''" '"'l'i•·' •••rt• l"llH b1• 1lu111•, rnul I 1•n·"'111111• it 1•a11. 31111•"1• ;,,,. i•n· tho• 1111n•l11111·11t unnmd 11 n•I "hi1·h """ ur th•• •:1111 .. l111r111"ll t .... auM• hi" 1•u111t•1111111ruru.·· "•·n· 1111:11•1•· h•. 1•i11l1t-l'l•r 111:•,,- M•l1•1•1 0111• uf :1";1i \\ul'll"' tur eitn•ll 1liarn1•h'f" 1111 111 .. linot. 'rhioi """ ...... ,..r.,11,,· """' lo,•· 1u11lrr:1laml ,,;111111•0( llw 111~' .. 1u• 1oymt•1I,. 111111 r.·L·m·1l1-cl k·m·r. ·r1 ... bu.. 1do· •·•H•hlll'r"t•h•·r i• i.•. ,.. fm-.1 l1y ,\1h1•11i11111o.,·111·n1l11. llu•t.nokn•H 1n•:at11Ct•o11 mnm:ll'. 1-"ur 11111n• llm11 l11rty l\\u 1•ruhJ.·1U,&, lie• 11111 .... l lir..il 1l1•h•ru111w 1h:111h1•rom- •.\11111l11•r 1•11rly 1111•1h1•I Lo m11• n·1••r1t•l ur lh1• irn•1t ~10:11"11 llll' urit.:nml 111111111 .. 1·r11•l la.' h11l1l1•11 111 •• 1111111- 1n111u1·:1t11111•·1111t11i111'-11bi1l1l1•n11n-:.111i11i=-. 1l11·ra i1b·u1ir,.· 1 11lnl.,•m1111, 1'h1•mi•h11·h.,., \\"hilo• 111• "'"" in 1•i..ilo· fl'l•m u.. h•r)', lh1·11 Ultl•·an-.1:u:ni111111 lh• l 11l,,.m:ru11hi1·. "~· llu• l1·ll1•r •·: ..... \\'uni :&l:u11l11 rur. s ...... 1•:1t"b lt•lh·r hi.I llnti\·,, 1•>UUlry, 11111' of hi11 fri1•111l11, wi•hi1111: lo ll:ol1ri1·l 1lo• l 'ollum,.,·•. l'11r1•, •~-a. 'l'hi• '""'"Im• :h•I "'" ...... ~ 1hlT1·1"1·111 " ..... 1...... '""" .. ill '"' ,,,. "" cv111n11111it·nll' lu him lh•• n"""" !lint the• limo•""" rirn• r~•i..,.,., i• 1,,_.11111r1dl.•· ilh1•lr.t1t•I. arul '""'"Ill• uu111- Hu•:cr1..: :r ,.,;rn11l1• 11111•. ' • for a n•\'oll 11111111 l'l•l11r11 tu fK•w1·r. 11h:l\·1•I th•• h1•ul 1111•ruhl111 nwtlaot.I" rur Jo1•1•n•I 1"t1rn• .. 1t1•1t1l1·11•"'"· U1·luui. ~h11):11m• ~lari:a tit:• \'i1•turi1•a, tl1t• fa ..111111111 \\UllUUI of Olll' lJf hill lllU\ ..'11, IRlllM"'' tho• 1111.,.1'111,.. ' ii\ i11d1•lil•h• i• 1111 mn~truliuu rn•m 1hi• ...... "hio·h ...... urlii· "'''·'' 1•:11•t11r. .. J iu .\1111•ri1-:• •h1r111:: 1Jw u:cr. ,,,..... 1 a i11k u111lw lo,im• •kiu, und 1111\·inir wuih•I lomir t•1101111:h tr11r)· -;;ia:n ah1lml11•lt1 H~t."f.I hy dw 1•:.rly lirr111.111,a. 11111• 1111•lilit·:1tinn •tf 1hio1 ")"'11•111f11r1•11hl1•1•11111m11m1•alio11 fur llll• gn1wi11ir huir tu '""'"r tl11• •·rir- •·11li ho·r 11111.lt•r•. 'l'h1• lir•I lt•lh•r 111 , ir..r. 111•11l ll1t•11hl\"t• It• 'fh••111iMl1J<•lo•11 wnh ., 10:.ll"h •nnl ur 1111 1111:&11,.111•·111mc hu .... i111 .... ,. lhv uml 111•'"""11'' 1h111 11" •·1111 lu 11hnvo ra11l1•1trum h·1•n•:11·11h·1I 1i1:11n.;..:. aml lhe lllnw'• 111-:id. L •: ~ ...... th••"'f•, " :1rr:1nL.. i111:nu1i.,.11( riu• .. ~ ' ··! •I " :aml .,.,,.,...... 1. ••·n• h111lt.111I J&1• i1111 ,.,;d,. Hlstlatu•' Letterhead '•••k. 'l'ho· k1·y• "''n.''1·h11111,., .."t 1tfh·11, ;... .~ '1~; : :•:··- L1 ·...... !~~- aml ""''"'"''Ill lu IH"r hy 1111~111• of "'•·n•I· Jo:HODOTl"K ttoll• of n m'"""'~ :,: ... ink loolh·l'll "111111."ll:l ..I i111u 1h1• l'nihod hy 11i11li11•u11 to ,\rU.111r,'Un111 ·'f! t:·,. ' .., H-•t ., ., .. NI ah·- hy 111•11lr11l •1~11111•1111111l 11milt•l to by lbe 11Rtne 1111•thod. 8i1111e tho nu.,,_ ,.,~ 1.!:?. ·;; h1·r 1hr.1uirh "'"'"'' 1-0\"1•r 111l1ll'I"'"''"• 1111ge ,.... t.u.tlUUl'd, it n•mnined on tlie 'J ~.• ~~.(; Trillll'mi11M 1'11~ 11u1 11111u11ly1•i1•ht•r ...... :- 11lrn·e'• heud. nnd For thi• rellROn llll• -::.~ ' .. ':.'·.: ... 1•x111•r1 nf 1"" •ii.1 .... 111 h •••111t1ry •·ho eautiou11 pc.•r11on, lo L'l'AH8 evid1mce or .. )';' .~:':. wrn" 1•lmri..,•I wi1h .i.~1li111f i11 u11lawf11l bill Cllllllllir.wy, ohen pu\ the slave to ~ . r. 11rlM, Tl11• "•h•hr111 ..1 lo'1"1•111·h nm1h1'111a· .!' ·~· death ul't.er he l1u.d acaompli•hcd his ; 1i1·iu11, \'1i·1t•, m•1rly ""'' hi- 1.... 111 1,.~ errand. · ·.: ,, .. 1·;111.,•111' hi•1•ry111ni,:r.111hir •kill. l>urini:: Tho Rl'llL book printed denlitlJI' with l•d .. ··-1.•(!·~· .... th" l'loi11:11 uf th" •·n·m·h Kini: ll••nn· l\" arypteirr11pltl· i1I ChronolORi•'IL l\ly11lica, ,. 1•i1>lll'r l'UFl't"m the m1111u111.•ri1>l ol Juhmm•• ·. ·~·· :­ • = • : .c...... ·-•:11 i1.: r::,'. ~.'' Trithe1niu11-l.fli~"-llH6-Abbot ol ·:· ••• ::.. ··~ ,... :< ·!~ : .'· ;,· ··: .i~' .1 ., .. . .. ;; , '· ~·=•• 11-:. ....:. ... 1i 1 , ..... '· ~ ··:. .. ~ ...... •'·- .· ·:-· !,.,,, "1 t: .i' .. t. ,. .. 'll .. ·' -· ., ·• '. ... r ,,~~ ...... , ,':'.t• •.:.: "!'' "~l· :.. !~ ·i '"'' i:..: .. ·'· =. .. .. ~ 'l"A• W'A••f•fo11• Cl•ll•r. •.-Al61f•d I• ,jfrllltNPJP ,,,._ ...,, ..... ,. llr•• I>• P..,,.••11AI.. 1111 G•ll,.._, ~­ T...,e .rt.••11 W'IH l•I•• ,.,. e~.,.,. l'•rl• I• 11/U. FAe l•••r.lll11llo6ef C•• C•ll•_., l'•rf•• tatll ....,, ...... If.,...... d ••d •••• 0•• , ••• ,,.,. ••rlf••N W'llll 1 ..rr•ctl9•• GIK• ·.

, " REF ID:A44774

7HB SllTUR.DAY BVBNING POST'

"Oh. you cur. 't huMh it up. wn•n't 1rUl!lll1 who initnte ;you. and ord1•r (C••ff'l••d I••• P .... IOI "It •t"'m~ :1 \"t•ry jolly Iii tie purty 10 r "l"nll!S>I yo11 c·nn hear .iu111ethin11: iii· me," Jimm1P l'l'plil'll t'lllmly. as he ftJlll!, hl're. hut 1 he."Ll'li all aboqt it. l'~\"Pry. them out of your houae. I quiJe un1for­ unt• knowR. HI:~ •impl)· ordel't'd ('p1•1le n:Uun.od nLout is th11t it, clt>ar!"" "\\"ill_you L'XC'U>'I' me?"-lu 1lwo1lwl"ll. "'und it." '"'I', uut or lhl' bo11.i1 nl thl'\'e o'c•lll<.'k in lhu "'&do I." !ID.id Rogerstemly. "Hut ,\11d.111 h,.follo"'l"n um lit•\'l'-hUI 1111' t't'OI Wel"t' cl11no·i1111:. 111111 \\"ill !'OU 111 fo,'l' me. t:eol'Kl!ltf•, "·'' Lo nhmy• ll1t- l••rit." Iii• impmlt•m·P." llt"'l'J..*llll ~:1icl. l'il11• l.t•UUl"l' ![OI j1 :1luu' or l'yril, I ..., .. t11lmi111: clown :11111 liui,.hing the w1•·k· t"rHI lu·rP in 1•t-1n"e? •• "'Tim t" ~ ju .. t t 111.• tn111 hlr." {lPUl'J.'f'lle j11m1 .. ..t 1111. ~1·allL"rim.: n:111kin. hnnd· '"""' __ .. 11ym)J11lhiz11d. "It i•! ,\11d it •t:.iy• i1L kt•n·hi1•f. 1111.t 11 •triuar or h1.·:11k thP)" "llt'Ol'JEl'ltud. llo·mori"" 111'1! en~r :IO 11·;ont 11111.lini: to th11 lluur iu lht• un· mut"b 1111>tt d1111g<•n1u• than t•·m111a- brol.1•11 •ilt•11t't'. 1uir frmn i1.ll:i1111"! Oh. you m'f'lln't ho: dmr! I no•n•r tlm111thl l"'foro: tlmt I 1ion:1. 1Ju11"t yon ngn'I:' with mr, "\\"1·11."' •h~ 1·rit·1l, l11ui:hi11g h~ •h•ri· "" 11•haml'd of it, l

cc...... ,,...... u llf'l•-een the ("011rt or SJ1&in and the thnl human inltl'nuity Pnnnot eont'OC?t llore hns. perha(lll, bt"en written no ml!llning-in order tn diocont'C!rl the 11111i-royali@t 111Lrty in t'runt>e. Thl' Kime n c·ipher \\ hit>h humnn ingl'nuily l'lln­ about the l1ililersl Ra.ronian cipher. at­ ha..tile dl'C•ipht•1'•r, With thl' u•e of willed for \'iele. who clillPO\"l'rN the nul l't'-oh·e," rnn n t>ipher l'Olumn in hiM trib11tPd to 1..ord Bac:on, th1LR any other nllllR, the won! "cipher" may re111l n1e:111nge waM enei11ho•red •·ith nrty dir­ nPw•1>11p('r, d1•fyiug his renden tode,·i~ sin1de rorm Of BCC'l'l!t l"Omm1mic:ation. 632S3743 The t•"O honzoatal• terent arbitrary 1igns. 1111d turned tl1e n rry111ogram 'll'hic:h he eould not rend. Jn tl1id eipher the entire alpha.bet may 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 deeipberment o\-er to His l-lajeo&t~·. Ju1t how mul'h Poe knew a.bout the he expresled by the two letten a and b linl!!I are now lll!nt H the mC1W1trl': f~J:!.'i. \\"hm the Spnninrdii learned or thi• prinei11le1 of 1•ipher as dl!\·elotll'tl JOO in l'Ombinations of fl\·e. 3i-l3, l:!".!1, 1214. Thead\·antngeofthi" they took their revelll[t' hr Al!l'u•inir tbe yeurs lnt•r, during the World \\'nr and A-- 1-...i. c-..i.r. n-oohu E-111- ini=enious "Y"tem i11 that it hn.s th• np­ r-a.. ... o-bo ..h R-lmla r-••'- ,_,.._ penranl'4!' of rode and •·ould, bcc-uuitc' or C'ourt or Frnm•e of ha.\'ing the de\" ii in after. iH not known, but be WILi! c:lenr 11.1 ...b s-bl..., n-hhl•., tlieir em1>loy, nud dPnouneed \"il-te 11s l'nough to deeipher all mE'lldllges 1ub­ L-•...,• !II-••• ... lhi11, offer ROme diffirulty or llll!Uticlll. den.ling in l11aPk ma.Kie before the mi11ed to him except two which 11"l!re f:ll:\~ ~=~t 1:::: l:=t 1::= eeeleioinstil'lll trihunnl nt Rome. For­ unfair exampleR of the art. h iH eom­ One of the theoriea of the Baeonian• Uruoloed Cod•• of tll.e lleoolutloa tunate!)" for \"il!te, he wa1 BB t"le\·er nt forting lo kno\\· thnt Poe, de.pile his is that the •·ise men of the pnst did not exi-irion as he wns at eryptQf.?rnphy, gl'nius, ma.de mec:buni1'lll errors. The dare •·rite their aeientiflc diaeoveried The re\'01\itional')" riphl!l'll . are or and lill\-ed bil neek by explaininR how frequeney· ta.hie fur his ciphl'r in the for fear or being put to death. Thu1 varied type11, 80 varied indeed I hnt he did it. Gold BuR, as orii.oinally puhli~hed, did they left to Posterity their knowll!'dJte 11111ny writinRH of Jellerson. llndi110n The 11eVenteenth eentury wu not not ngree "ll;th the l'l')"Pl~m. In by means of the bilitcrnl ripher. Thid and Monroe remain undec:ipherecl. ...ithout ils eipher experts. During the •·riling the story. Poe round it llllC!es- wan done by usinR" two dilYerent kinds thouldi many attempts have been made siege by the Kinc'• UOOJkto undP.r the· 11/ll"Y' to make a slii:hL ehunge in the of ty1ie in printing their lilerney .et. to read them. There are alilD in the eommand of the Prioee or Condi. or t'l')"ptogrnm. hut failed to make the forts. Thia theory ftouri11hes beenUllO or 00\-ernment al'l'hi\"C!S many pnlllr, nnd that the to11·n must made up of the letters of the alphabet, tion• hnn aetually taken pince in friend. ~Ir. Ja11. ~l;ufoo0n." Tile Nt'ltl'O surrender ii a aupply 11'1111 not immcdi· eon80bant-\"Owel diRraphH aueb ILll IJG, •:n1tlaod for hidden treaaure DK a resul~ boy's no.me was C'upi1l. . atel:r senL The Prince or Cond6 re­ be. Iii, bion." Hometimes more definite for "cipher,'' the fiirures are 11Titten in nine words redured to one. ancient E~ptlan1, who v..00 'imr-Ie inronn:stion is eonveyed. "Plense go to .325343 . In •Titten dispatl'hea durinit the C!l')"Jltorrams to disguise trentiHI on Selfridi:e's and buy me six hlo1111e11 on two eolumn11. 2 2 1 1 1 4 Smee tire (;j\·il War, the ConfL-der:ltl'll lllll'fl nrhi­ macic. Poe, the author of the fmo111 Friday nPx:t" rnean1: "Six rnirle111 will ftlfUreM r., i, 8, 9, 0 do not oeeur, thCRe trarr -ignA aft•r the mannt'I' of th<' line, "l'et it may lie rvunrll)' 8811trtt.d bomb :\lnnnheim on Friday next." mny be u.wd n11 nul11-flgure11 that ha\-e Ch11rletn11J1:Rt' alphabet -i'110.,·n on REF ID:A44774 .... ·- -·

84 THE SllTUR.DAY EVENING POST Nonmhr '1, 1081

n1Hll'I', 1111111• •.J, nnurr, rrh, gerua, iuzd11, tha low-frertueur•y ronsonait1j k !I" :r 1. ld&z.r. 11!811 than 2 per cent. · 'fhis method or Rent eol'l'f'l'pond­ But we ~hould alFo know aomethimr ence. in IL 11111clifil-d form, \\'R'I 11 ..1:d by a.bout diJ:n1phM. 811•ed OD .. P(IUDt ... r Hielwliru. The steneil i• pln•'l.-d rm a 20.000 M tcrs, 11·e ftnd that tA Ol"f'lll'll •hPet of 1>-11ier 111111 tht' 1m.. ·11l!'t' written fifty time11, and r·r. only sixteen. The throufl'h the holes: in thi• 1·11isition. When it i• r ~1110\'ecl, only a n-411 ii-31 n-2.\ rc-2:! io-18 ••-I~ rew. rli:11··•1111crted words 111111enr. It i• ..-311 '4-30 n-:?:i 11-2:! 11-11 dc-l•i ••-38 M-31 of-25 111-22 ii -17 11-111 110\\· left I•> the inirenuity of tl1e writer re -36 11-:!d or-25 ii -20 n-17 rt-16 to fill in the lines so that they mnke intt'lli1,ril•le senltmr•c:.i. Thu n..•ipient This tab)I! 11·i11 tell UF e\'l'R more. We plnre• a .luplir•ute stencil cn·er the mes­ l~arn that "the" will 0<-eureir;hty-11i11e "''U,tlny e.'lrry "im­ But 11·e 1hould know more than thi­ IJle vn·ptoirrams i11 their puzzle eol­ ahout the behavior or English letteni umns io 1111 thet'ra,·ingof tbeAmerir1111 for the so~ution of e\'en 1imple c:ry11to­ puzzle-lieut mind. Theoie show the dh'i· gram11. \\ e examine 10.000 11·onLi amt Fi on of words, rrijl jt b lb11onrJ, nnd the record the letter& they begin and end like. And many readers )10\'e 1lenlo1ied with. Reduced to terms of 100, we find amaidnir skill at their 110lution. thouglt thnt though the letter e is by fnr the none I kno111· or e\·er think or bu\·ing m011t frequent letter in Englillh, it be- before them the stnti~tic:• thnt •·ould Ito 111in1 word1 only two tima Ou the of assiPtnnee. They know in a vague other l18Dd, •will end words more often 1111y thnt e is the mo•t frequent letter thnn any other letter. The letter o Lo in Engliijb, but not n L'l'•:nt deal more. a high-frequency bet;inninll'. but a ,·en· Thelll' nnd m011t of the other t'iphers I low-frequency ending. The C?Ompletl' ha\·e nu:ntionecl would not be \'ery table follow•: dimeult for the 11rofe1111io1ml eryptOl(­ l«ttn•••••tr• i i I• rapher to soh"I!. llis first step is to lailill 918S2t2131 I 2 ~ index every letter in the meNuge 11·ith Fiul l--JOl78t:I I 6 I it• prefix and sumx letten. Sul'h ebarts Ltttm aelpfrl I •11rs1 z de\·elep surprising beha,·iors. But 11·hat Initial 2102-tSITl-7 a they indieate cunnot be appreciated f1nll ltl-11111-1-8 until we ha,·e done the same thing 11·ith the •:nirlish language. Based on a C?OUnt of 10.000 letters nnd redueed. to a table of 200, •·e find that the relative A prelllHumx table will tell u1 aome­ freriuene)' of English letters i1: thing w.-e ba'-e never thougl1t mu.. h 183 6 8:164 312131278 about. We leum that vofrelllwill be fol­ • e d • I r l i i i I • lowed and preeeded by more different

0 letters than •ill eon11onant1. In othrr H IG t 0 13 12 17 II 2 3 0 t 0 word&, c, the highest-frequency \-Onl • •• ,,r•I•••••• will ba\-e more dilferent suftlxes and The mOl't frequent letlen are e I 11 a prefixes than will l, the highest-fre­ n i r • h and thl' leBKt !I z 11 j t r. The quency eon101111nt. We di1C?O\W that vo11-elic a e i a u 11• reprei ••r••IAl,.A••- letter& or the word key REF ID:A44774

THB S.R.7URD.llY EVEN/NO .POB't

i11 1lu• rml.·r in •·hi1-t1 lh1• lrlll'ni 111,,.· 'f ...... 11'1"'" "!?' .-\ ~ i.n1 h :trr 1•f 1h1• ...·um• foni:1 h 1111d ;: · ., ·-'J1·~~ ...... ··, "•":W-: .."';." .. , N=r ··) 1'..'rt s111,")..'t'>t~ fut o\"l:ut. ' s.. ;.•1:ti:ic-r :.1111 1he mc-is.-.i..'\' i111•il''t°1•"'-•l\'l'tl, lhl'y turnl'li tulh<••lou• .\llh~lrolll,,...... ,,,w4• ldl' tm11~110>-ition. We hnn• a do11ul1.'­ tt'rs 11ro 1?1':Hl11ully J>Ul b:il'k iulo tl1cir ~. tr.111•po..ilio11 ri1•l1t'r if \\'I.' luke ti•<' ex­ 1•ru1wr plul.'l·~. i;hurt bit~ of g1•11le11PN t RJlfJ•lt• :ihQ\'l' 1111\I "Till! it Ulld<•r the r1111I .,,lo! \\Ql'11~ 11n.• formt'"••r.\"ezl.llorr•r•lll'ill81fos f i11 1h1: ord1'1' nr rlw k<'y. nu'g. aa/J. 11111/, .,iTltL•/lfhdP 'f.:. I ,,;J. r1•r. rr1l1. rt"l. 1•!1', arz. r11. rill, iar, . i n·~. l"D· 11ml Ja·i11·· int" l!rc•i..:J>$ of fi\'e 'li:uw that "'" hM·e aolvl'd 'the ·!RCS• : • -· l•l!t'l'll. A •"01u1•11ri"·'" or the re"ull i11g •Pl:"•· the- 11eiu.. atert is to di:ll"w t:li!solv,,.·s il'I ~11·li.-t:Jnf ou.: j,. k, fl 11mli'!lloh·1!tl 11 m.1uncr n< •·utir.-1)· 10 prt'd11d11 any ouithly fnmiliari'.o> OUl'llelves •·ith tm11r pi.'f:'in;: h•o(l•lfwr 11~ is done in soh·inir I•~iliun l!i11ben1. "Jvkewarrn water in5f:.,,-;Jlyl 111 'ti<·k lo Jelkar., "~ or &ilk. "~illJ:"lo• tmn.; ....ition. The J>l"l!Sl'nee or For those •·ho bnve the eipher Ul'JlO 11K" d111n111y lrucr ill 1l1e Pet'o11d trans­ I'. S.-Al•uul tli;U h:.il'l'Y finish? and \\"ish to lenrn how to reco\·er the A quid. 11t11rt!' l"ou •h•Hlld ,...... f'°"ilion f11rth1.'I" nCC!elltaatca tb11 dis­ key, I IUJn."l'SI. they Ant encipher &e\"• : \\'t"ll, h•Jl'y S111J\\" i• pure' I\ nry onh'I'. eral ml!lll!llget, and number the text · lvury Soow but.I.le into 1u1ls, ihe 1'ho111!'h "imple iii l!llDJlrnction, the letters eonl!l!Culil·ely, 10 thnt they nmy ·Soap. So your precious clotht& 1lm1l•ll'-tr1111~1'"~ilion •·ipher i>< llir• 1nost better ob~n-e the dU.plnttmenL of tile insla111 iL touches 'M'lllt'l'-e\'rrt tblli<'lllt nf ull 11m(·ti1•al ci1·hcni to run throuith a doul1le t:IJl.;e out uf l\'lll')' Snow sudd look.­ letters wh.en lu!..cwarn1 ,.-olL'r! ~nw yon slurt- s..il<-c. lfnny :1llf•mpls lmt'e 1.t.-en rnado traRRposition. Sinl'C the Germans used in~ like ne"·! A l1nx or h·orr Sno11" to~rrin• 11t n fom1ul11 ror thl'irsolution, a key of t~n lelten or more, .,.,, begin ,.;111 incli1T1•nmt ~111-cesd exeepl in I'll.res our experiments with this uumlicr of C1A!ta only 15'-a liig I.toil: luu­ y,·l11're tbl.' enlire rl'clani:le Jms bean columns, and inercase the lt>ngth one . actly thr ri&hl tl'IR[ICr•lure rt>l' 1111,'CI i11. Tht·re id. ho11·enr, Onl' weak­ at n time 1111til th.e correct lengt.h is · • big enough lt• protecit l111111lrecla .,( 0 i.·aoll1ing r1ugile sill.11 aml "°'~··n... llC'l!d In tl1i~ l'iJ)ht·r. During Dl'li\"I! cn­ detem1ined. · I '· tfullal'B "'Orth nr ltJn:fy clu1lae1. l:R!.'1.'Dll'nl• in mod it for . Snow',l"°arl l"'pa inLU rid1 hury tnl'thu1l th;1t is worlh deSl'ribing. wirell!llll eommuuica tion bet\\"eell Der- · .%5 t'Xnm1•IC1J '111! will take 1be ml'!l- · Jin aud the Balkans and their seeret. · 1111!:" nlrl'lld,v enl!'i11herecl, and l.'Dci11h.er llltf!llll in Tripoli. Now at1d tlien in the 1 , ,.,, r , , ..., .anolht•r or the 11.~me length and write rush or tmnle, the l!nl'i11herer fnilrd to r ...... •• • f~ ...... • .. ""'" below lht> other: give the medsage a lll!l!Ond tran~posi- ..... , .. ,.,,,., tion, whieb enabled our expt"rta at 111 • :.,,;~: -~::~ ·((.'• ...... , ,. O.H.Q. to d1scovl!r the b)· in short ·I :,,,., .. ,',,,·.,·;· •'·ih' ...... or-ier •. In fact, the prolessiooa.1 Ana- I . Ir:·.~ . . . . -;J. • ••1rla11•rsraall Jyst.'• suceihll is due in a grent me:1sure " I • 1 I • I I r t p i i 1 l·r to the mi~take~ or the enl'i(1l1crl!r-a . :~·:' i • r r I I p • f tact th:it an1ateu1"11, in devi>.iug l'ipheni. ' ...... ,. -m often to fail to take:~nto &Cl'nunt. · • .::' ~.:· •Y;·.:·. ., .· ...... ~- . ·: . ·1:. .· I ~ ' : .. ' r·. 'Z:'•ilt...... ;. it ~~~~ ,; ~ .... ·.. :,\~... · " . ' . •