Vertebrate Pests Committee

List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia

Revised July 2007

Background 1993. Endoglyphs and other major venomous snakes of the world: a checklist. Geneva: AZEMIOPS. All species on this list (excluding those with B or C annotations) form a definitive record of the non- Howard, R. and Moore, A. 1991. A Complete indigenous vertebrate mammals, birds, amphibians Checklist of the Birds of the World. Academic and reptiles held in Australia under State and Territory Press, London. legislation. (It is the responsibility of the holder of an individual animal to ensure that they are also Kingston, R. 1998. Keeping and Breeding Finches compliant with Commonwealth legislation relating to and Seed-eaters. Indruss Productions, New Farm. the possession and quarantine of exotic animals.) This list should be used as a reference by the Mehrtens, J.M. 1987. Living Snakes of the World. Vertebrate Pests Committee and Commonwealth, New York: Sterling Publishing. State and Territory agencies in controlling the entry, movement and keeping of exotic vertebrate animals. Sibley, C. and Monroe, B. 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University This list may be subject to change from time to time Press, New Haven. (with VPC approval), to incorporate changes in the taxonomic name of species. It may also be changed Sokolov, V.E. 1988. Dictionary of Animal Names in where additions have been made through the legal Five Languages: Amphibians and Reptiles. Moscow: importation of new exotic species into Australia under Russky Yazyk. the provisions of the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles: An Action Plan for Quarantine Act 1908. their Conservation. IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group Each species, unless otherwise stated, has so far only be subjected to a general assessment of the risk it Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. 1996. Mammal poses. Specific and thorough risk assessments are Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic nd indicated in the comments section. reference. 2 ed. Washington & London: Smithsonian Institution Press. This list is maintained by the Secretary, Vertebrate Pests Committee and should be updated on a regular basis. All changes to this list should be made in Acknowledgment: VPC acknowledges the assistance accordance with current VPC policy and must be and advice of Paul Andrew, Curator, Taronga Zoo, accepted unanimously by all VPC member agencies. NSW Agriculture, ARAZPA and the Department of Agriculture in Western Australia in the preparation of Please contact Environment Australia for further this list. information about importation of exotic animals into Australia. Please note however, that animals imported under Environment Australia legislation will usually also be subject to State and Territory legislative controls. i. e. the species must also Contact Details appear on this VPC list. Executive Officer Please Note: This VPC List includes all exotic C/o Natural Resource Management vertebrate animals in Australia on the basis of their Department of Natural Resources, Environment and pest potential down to a taxonomic level of species. the Arts Individual sub-species are not listed. PO Box 30 Palmerston NT 0831 Tel: 08 8999 3448 References Fax: 08 8999 4403 Email: [email protected] Christidis, L. and Boles, W. E. 1994. The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories. Science and Natural Resources RAOU Monograph 2. Department of the Environment and Heritage PO Box 767 Frost, N.C. 1985. Amphibian Species of the World: a Canberra ACT 2601 taxonomic and geographic reference. Kansas: Allen Tel: 02 62742600 Press Inc. & Association of Systematics Collections. Fax: 02 6274 1620 [email protected] Golay, P., Smith, H.M., Broadley, D.G., Dixon, J.R., McCarthy, C., Rage, J.C., Schatti, B. & M. Toriba.

KEY TO TABLES

DEFINITION OF VPC THREAT CATEGORIES OTHER INFORMATION (from Guidelines on the Entry, Movement and A Those species currently held in statutory zoos in Keeping of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia Australia as a result of seizures by Customs or – April 2005 legal importations, but which were not previously http://www.feral.org.au/feral_documents/VPCGuid categorised by VPC before January 1st 1998. elinesApril05.pdf ). These species have been considered by VPC and have been placed in Category 2, without a To assign an exotic species to a threat category, three full review of pest potential, as of January 1st risk scores are calculated: the risk that (1) an escaped 1998. A condition of this decision is that VPC will or released individual would harm people, (2) escaped not permit Approved Collection Status to be or released individuals would establish a wild free- given to private zoos for any of the species listed living population (3) the species would be a pest if a in red without a full review of pest potential being wild population did establish. These three risk scores conducted by an independent VPC consultant, as are then used to assign the exotic species to one of part of any application for approved collection four threat categories: extreme, serious, moderate or status. However these species can be low (see table below). For further information about transferred between Statutory Zoos subject to the risk assessment method used, please see normal commonwealth and state requirements. Bomford, M. (2003) Risk Assessment for the Import and Keeping of Exotic Vertebrates in Australia. B Species held in Australia in “List of Animals Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra. (in Press). (Aves, Mammalia, Reptilia, Amphibia)” compiled by the WORKING PARTY ON INTRODUCTION E – Extreme Threat Category AND CONTROL OF NON-INDIGENOUS PEST These animals should not be allowed to enter, nor be SPECIES for the VERTEBRATE PESTS kept in any State or Territory. (Special consideration COMMITTEE 1980, but is no longer held in may be given to scientific institutions on a case by Australia. NB: (will remain on the VPC list and case basis.) Any species that has not been assessed will retain the category assigned by VPC previously should be considered to be in the Extreme previously, but it is not recommended to be listed Threat Category and should be treated accordingly, under state or territory legislation controlling the until a risk assessment is conducted. entry, movement and keeping of exotic animals). S – Serious Threat Category C Species in Class 1a that have been imported into Australia for research purposes in accordance These animals may be introduced and/or should be with VPC policy and the Wildlife Protection kept only in collections approved by the relevant (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act and can State/Territory authority as being primarily kept for (1) only be kept by specific “Approved Scientific public display and education purposes, and/or for (2) Institutions”. Statutory or private zoos cannot genuine scientific research approved by the relevant keep species. State/Territory authority, and as meeting Best Practice for the purposes of keeping the species concerned.

M – Moderate Threat Category These animals should be restricted to collections approved and registered by the relevant State/Territory authority for the keeping of Moderate Threat Species. States/Territories may continue to impose any additional restrictions on acquisition and keeping of Moderate Threat Species. L – Low Threat Category Animals which, relative to other species, have a low risk of becoming a problem for the environment, primary industry or public safety.

Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 4

ASSIGNING SPECIES TO THREAT CATEGORIES

Danger posed by Establishment likelihood Establishment VPC Threat Implication for Implication for individual animals (risk (risk that a particular consequence (Risk an category any proposed keeping and escaped individual species will establish a established population import into movement in animals would harm wild population in would cause harm) Australia1,2 Australia people) Australia) Highly Dangerous, Extreme Extreme Extreme Prohibited Limited to those Moderately Dangerous or collections approved Not Dangerous for keeping particular Extreme Highly Dangerous, Extreme High Extreme Threat species Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, Extreme Moderate Extreme Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, Extreme Low Extreme Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, High Extreme Extreme Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, High High Extreme Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, Moderate Extreme Extreme Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, High Moderate Serious Import restricted to Limited to those Moderately Dangerous or those collections collections approved Not Dangerous approved for for keeping keeping Serious particular Serious Highly Dangerous, High Low Serious Threat species Threat species Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, Moderate High Serious Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous Moderate Moderate Serious Highly Dangerous Moderate Low Serious Highly Dangerous, Low Extreme Serious Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, Low High Serious Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous Low Moderate Serious Highly Dangerous Low Low Serious Moderately Dangerous or Moderate Moderate Moderate Import restricted to Limited to those Not Dangerous those collections collections approved approved for for keeping Moderately Dangerous or Moderate Low Moderate keeping Moderate Moderate Threat Not Dangerous Threat species species

Moderately Dangerous, or Low Moderate Moderate Not Dangerous

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 5

Moderately Dangerous Low Low Moderate Import permitted Keeping permitted Not Dangerous Low Low Low Unknown Any value Any value Extreme until Prohibited Limited to those proven collections approved otherwise for keeping particular Extreme Threat Species Any value Unknown Any value Extreme until Prohibited Limited to those proven collections approved otherwise for keeping particular Extreme Threat Species Any value Any value Unknown Extreme until Prohibited Limited to those proven collections approved otherwise for keeping particular Extreme Threat Species Unassessed Unassessed Unassessed Extreme until Prohibited Limited to those proven collections approved otherwise for keeping particular Extreme Threat Species

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 6

ANIMALS LISTED ALPHABETICALLY BY SCIENTIFIC NAME

MAMMALIA Order/Family Scientific Name Common Name Earlier VPC Comments Category/Current VPC Threat Category (including date of review) Carnivora/ Acinonyx jubatus Cheetah; Hunting Leopard 2/Serious Felidae Rodentia/ Muridae Acomys cahirinus Mouse, Cairo Spiny Not listed/Extreme Artiodactyla/ Addax nasomaculatus Addax 2/Serious, A Bovidae Carnivora/ Ursidae Ailuropoda melanoleuca Panda, Giant Not listed/Low # 21/09/05 Carnivora/ Ursidae Ailurus fulgens Panda, Lesser; Red Cat- 2/Serious bear; Red Panda

Carnivora/ Amblonyx cinereus Otter, Oriental Small- 2/Serious Synonym Aonyx Mustelidae clawed cinerea.

Artiodactyla/ Bovidae Ammotragus lervia Sheep, Barbary 2/Serious Dasyuromorphia/ Antechinus melanurus Antechinus, Black-tailed Not listed/Extreme Dasyuridae

Dasyuromorphia/ Antechinus naso Antechinus, Long-nosed Not listed/Extreme DEH have separate Dasyuridae listings for naso and habbema). Synonym is habbema.

Artiodactyla/ Bovidae Antidorcas marsupialis Springbuck, Angolan 1a/Extreme Artiodactyla/ Antilope cervicapra Blackbuck 3a/Serious Bovidae Primates/ Cebidae Aotus trivirgatus Douroucouli; Night 2/Serious Monkey; Owl Monkey

Carnivora/ Viverridae Arctictis binturong Binturong 2/Serious, A Carnivora/ Viverridae Arctogalidia trivirgata Civet, Small-toothed Palm 2/Serious Primates/ Cebidae Ateles geoffroyi Monkey, Black-handed 3a/Serious Spider; Geoffroy's Spider Monkey; Mono colorado

Artiodactyla/ Axis axis Deer, Chital (Axis) 3b/Extreme Cervidae Artiodactyla/ Axis porcinus Deer, Hog 3b/Serious Cervidae Artiodactyla/ Suidae Babyrousa babyrussa Babyrusa 2/Moderate # 30/01//07

Artiodactyla/ Bovidae Bison bison Bison, American; Buffalo 3b/Extreme # 25/01/06

Artiodactyla/ Bovidae Bos grunniens Yak 2/Serious

Artiodactyla/ Bos javanicus Banteng 3b/Extreme formerly Bibos sondaicus #30/01/07 Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Bos taurus Cattle, Domestic 4/Extreme includes indicus Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Bovidae Boselaphus tragocamelus Nilgai 2/Serious Artiodactyla/ Bovidae Bubalus bubalis Buffalo, Water 3b/Serious

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 7

Primates/ Callithrix pygmaea Marmoset, Pygmy 2/Serious Synomym is Cebuella Callitrichidae

Primates/ Callithrix jacchus Marmoset, Common; 2/Extreme Kept in some private Callitrichidae White-tufted-ear Marmoset zoos and been given approval to breed according to breeding management plans. # 16/08/04 Rodentia/ Sciuridae Callosciurus species squirrels, giant 2/Extreme, A Artiodactyla/ Camelus dromedarius Dromedary, Arabian 3b/Extreme # 30/01//07 Camelidae Camel

Carnivora/ Canidae Canis familiaris Dog, Domestic 4/Extreme Carnivora/ Canidae Canis familiaris dingo Dingo 5/Extreme Carnivora/ Canidae Canis latrans Coyote 2/Extreme Carnivora/ Canidae Canis lupus Wolf, Common; Grey Wolf; 2/Extreme Timber Wolf; Wolf

Carnivora/ Canidae Canis mesomelas Jackal, Black-backed 2/Extreme # 16/08/04

Artiodactyla/ Capra hircus Goat, Domestic 5/Extreme # 30/01//07 Bovidae Carnivora/ Felidae Caracal caracal Caracal, African; Asian 2/Serious Synonyms Felis, Lynx Caracal; Caracal; Desert Lynx

Rodentia/ Castoridae Castor canadensis Beaver, American 2/Extreme Carnivora/ Felidae Catopuma temminckii Cat, Asiatic Golden; 2/Serious Synonym Felis Golden Cat; Temminck's Cat

Rodentia/ Caviidae Cavia porcellus Guinea-Pig, Domestic 4/Extreme Primates/ Cebidae Cebus albifrons Capuchin, Brown Pale- 3a/Serious fronted; White-fronted Capuchin

Primates/ Cebidae Cebus apella Capuchin, Black-capped; 3a/Serious Tufted Capuchin

Perissodactyla/ Ceratotherium simum Rhinoceros, White 2/Serious Rhinocerotidae

Primates/ Cercopithecus mitis Monkey, Blue; Diademed 2/Serious, B Cercopithecidae Monkey; Gentle Monkey; Sykes's Monkey

Primates/ Cercopithecus neglectus Monkey, De Brazza's 2/Serious Cercopithecidae

Primates/ Cercopithecus petaurista Guenon, Lesser Spot- 2/Serious Cercopithecidae nosed; Lesser White- nosed Guenon; Lesser White-nosed Monkey; Spot-nosed Monkey

Artiodactyla/ Cervus elaphus Deer, Red; Wapiti; Elk 3b/Extreme Cervidae Artiodactyla/ Cervus nippon Deer, Sika Not listed/Extreme Cervidae

Artiodactyla/ Cervus timorensis Deer, Javan Rusa 3b/Extreme # 21/09/05 Cervidae Artiodactyla/ Cervus unicolor Deer, Sambar 3b/Extreme Cervidae

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 8

Xenarthra/ Chaetophractus villosus Armadillo, Larger Hairy 3a/Serious, B # 16/08/04 Dasypodidae

Primates/ Chlorocebus aethiops Monkey, Green; Grivet 2/Extreme, A This species includes Cercopithecidae Monkey; Savanna Monkey; pygerythrus Green Tantalus Monkey; Vervet Monkey, tantalus Monkey Vervet, sabaeus Grivet.

Xenarthra/ Choloepus hoffmanni Two-toed Sloth, 2/Serious Megalonychidae Hoffmann's

Carnivora/ Canidae Chrysocyon brachyurus Wolf, Maned 2/Serious Primates/ Colobus guereza Colobus, Eastern Black- 2/Serious Cercopithecidae and-white; Guereza; Magistrate Colobus

Rodentia/ Muridae Cricetus cricetus Hamster, Common 1a/Extreme, C Carnivora/ Crocuta crocuta Hyaena, Spotted 2/Serious, A Hyaenidae

Carnivora/ Canidae Cuon alpinus Dog, Asiatic Wild; Dhole; 2/Serious Indian Wild Dog; Red Dog

Diprotodontia/ Dactylopsila megalura Trioch, Great-tailed Not listed/Extreme. Petauridae

Artiodactyla/ Dama dama Deer, Fallow 3b/Extreme Cervidae Rodentia/ Dasyprocta azarae Agouti, Green 2/Serious Dasyproctidae

Rodentia/ Dasyprocta leporina Agouti, Brazilian 2/Extreme includes aguti Dasyproctidae

Xenarthra/ Dasypus novemcinctus Nine Banded Armadillo Not listed/Extreme Dasypodidae

Dasyuromorphia/ Dasyurus albopunctatus Quoll, New Guinea 2/Serious Dasyuridae

Diprotodontia/ Dendrolagus dorianus Tree-kangaroo, Doria's; 2/Serious Macropodidae Unicolored Tree-kangaroo

Diprotodontia/ Dendrolagus goodfellowi Tree-kangaroo, 2/Serious Macropodidae Goodfellow's; Ornate Tree- kangaroo

Diprotodontia/ Dendrolagus matschiei Tree-kangaroo, Huon; 2/Serious Macropodidae Matschie's Tree-Kangaroo

Perissodactyla/ Diceros bicornis Rhinoceros, Black 2/Serious Rhinocerotidae

Rodentia/ Caviidae Dolichotis patagonum Cavy, Patagonian 2/Serious Diprotodontia/ Dorcopsis luctuosa Dorcopsis, Grey 2/Serious, A Macropodidae

Carnivora/ Eira barbara Tayra 2/Extreme Mustelidae

Proboscidea/ Elephas maximus Elephant, Asian; Indian 2/Serious Elephantidae Elephant

Perissodactyla/ Equus asinus Ass, African Wild; Donkey; 4/Extreme Equidae Burro

Perissodactyla/ Equus burchelli Zebra, Burchell's 2/Extreme # 12/12/04 Equidae

Perissodactyla/ Equus caballus Horse 4/Extreme Equidae

Perissodactyla/ Equus ferus przewalskii Horse, Przewalski’s 2/Serious Equidae

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 9

Perissodactyla/ Equus grevyi Zebra, Grevy's Not listed/Extreme Equidae

Perissodactyla/ Equus onager Onager 2/Serious Formerley included in Equidae Equus hemionus

Insectivora/ Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog, Eurasian Not listed/Extreme # 25/01/06 Erinaceidae

Primates/ Erythrocebus patas Monkey, Patas 2/Serious Cercopithecidae

Primates/ Lemuridae Eulemur fulvus Lemur, Brown 2/Serious Synomym is Lemur Primates/ Lemuridae Eulemur macaco Lemur, Black 2/Serious Primates/ Lemuridae Eulemur mongoz Lemur, Mongoose 2/Serious Carnivora/ Felis catus Cat, Domestic 4/Extreme Felidae

Carnivora/ Felis chaus Cat, Jungle; Reed Cat; 2/Serious Swamp Cat Felidae Carnivora/ Felis viverrina Cat, Fishing Not listed/Extreme Felidae Rodentia/ Sciuridae Funambulus pennantii Palm-squirrel, Northern 2/Extreme Primates/ Galago senegalensis Bushbaby, Lesser; Lesser 2/Extreme Galagonidae Galago; Senegal Galago

Artiodactyla/ Gazella dama Gazelle, Addra 2/Serious Nanger Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Gazella granti Gazelle, Grant's 2/Serious Bovidae Carnivora/ Viverridae Genetta maculata Genet, Panther 2/Serious, B Synonyms Genetta bini, Genetta pardina, Genetta poensis, Genetta rubiginosa.

Artiodactyla/ Giraffa camelopardalis Giraffe 2/Serious Giraffidae

Primates/ Hominidae Gorilla gorilla Gorilla 2/Serious Carnivora/ Ursidae Helarctos malayanus Bear, Malayan Sun; Sun 3a/Serious Synonym Ursus. Bear

Carnivora/ Helogale parvula Mongoose, Dwarf 2/Extreme, A Herpestidae

Artiodactyla/ Hemitragus jemlahicus Tahr, Himalayan 2/Serious Bovidae Carnivora/ Felidae Herpailurus yaguarondi Jaguarundi; Eyra Cat 2/Extreme Synonym Felis Artiodactyla/ Hexaprotodon liberiensis Hippopotamus, Pygmy 2/Extreme Synonym Choeropsis Hippopotamidae Artiodactyla/ Hippopotamus amphibius Hippopotamus, Common 2/Extreme Hippopotamidae

Artiodactyla/ Hippotragus niger Antelope, Sable 2/Serious Bovidae Carnivora/ Hyaena hyaena Hyaena, Striped 2/Extreme, B Hyaenidae

Rodentia/ Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris Capybara 2/Extreme Hydrochaeridae

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 10

Primates/ Hylobates agilis Gibbon, Agile; Dark- 2/Serious Hylobatidae handed Gibbon

Primates/ Hylobates concolor Gibbon, Black; Crested 2/Serious Hylobatidae Gibbon; Indochinese Gibbon

Primates/ Hylobates hoolock Gibbon, Hoolock 2/Serious Hylobatidae

Primates/ Hylobates klossii Gibbon, Dwarf; Kloss's 2/Serious Hylobatidae Gibbon; Mentawai Gibbon

Primates/ Hylobates lar Gibbon, Common; Lar 2/Serious Hylobatidae Gibbon; White-handed Gibbon

Primates/ Hylobates leucogenys Gibbon, White-cheeked 2/Serious, A Hylobatidae

Primates/ Hylobates moloch Gibbon, Javan; Silvery 2/Serious Hylobatidae Gibbon

Primates/ Hylobates muelleri Gibbon, Borean; Grey 2/Serious Hylobatidae Gibbon; Müller's Gibbon

Primates/ Hylobates syndactylus Siamang 2/Serious Hylobatidae

Rodentia/ Hystrix cristata Porcupine, African 2/Extreme # 16/08/04 Hystricidae

Rodentia/ Hystrix indica Porcupine, Indian Crested 2/Extreme Hystricidae

Artiodactyla/ Kobus ellipsiprymnus Waterbuck 2/Serious Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Kobus leche Lechwe, Kafue 2/Serious # 30/01//07 Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Lama glama Llama 4/Extreme # 30/01//07 Camelidae

Artiodactyla/ Lama guanicoe Guanaco 3a/Extreme # 16/08/04 Camelidae

Artiodactyla/ Lama pacos Alpaca 4/Extreme # 30/01//07 Camelidae

Primates/ Lemuridae Lemur catta Lemur, Ring-tailed 2/Serious Primates/ Leontopithecus rosalia Tamarin, Golden Lion 2/Serious Callitrichidae

Primates/ Leontopithicus Tamarin, Black Lion; 2/Serious Callitrichidae chrysopygus Golden-rumped Lion Tamarin

Carnivora/ Felidae Leopardus pardalis Ocelot 2/Extreme Synonym Felis Carnivora/ Felidae Leptailurus serval Serval 2/Serious Synonym Felis

Lagomorpha/ Lepus europaeus Hare, European 5/Extreme Formerley Lepus Leporidae capensis

Carnivora/ Lontra canadensis Otter, North American; 2/Serious, B Synonym Lutra Mustelidae North American River Otter; Northern River Otter

Primates/ Loridae Loris tardigradus Loris, Slender 2/Serious

Proboscidea/ Loxodonta africana Elephant, African; African 2/Serious Synonym Loxodonta Elephantidae Savannah Elephant cyclotis

Carnivora/ Lutrogale perspicillata Otter, Indian Smooth- 2/Serious Synonym Lutra Mustelidae coated; Smooth-coated Otter

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 11

Carnivora/ Canidae Lycaon pictus Dog, African Hunting; 2/Extreme # 12/12/04 African Wild Dog; Wild Dog

Carnivora/ Felidae Lynx lynx Lynx, Eurasian 2/Serious Synonym Felis Carnivora/ Felidae Lynx rufus Lynx, Bay; Bobcat 2/Serious Synonym Felis Primates/ Macaca arctoides Macaque, Bear; Stumptail 3a/Serious Cercopithecidae Macaque; Stump-tailed Macaque

Primates/ Macaca fascicularis Macaque, Crab-eating; 3a/Serious Cercopithecidae Cynomolgus Monkey; Long-tailed Macaque

Primates/ Macaca fuscata Macaque, Japanese 3a/Serious Cercopithecidae

Primates/ Macaca maura Macaque, Celebes; Moor 2/Serious, B Cercopithecidae Macaque

Primates/ Macaca mulatta Macaque, Rhesus; Rhesus 3a/Extreme Cercopithecidae Monkey

Primates/ Macaca nemestrina Macaque, Pigtail; Pig- 3a/Serious Cercopithecidae tailed Macaque

Primates/ Macaca nigra Macaque, Celebes Black; 3a/Serious Cercopithecidae Celebes Crested Macaque; Gorontalo Macaque; Sulawesi Macaque

Primates/ Macaca radiata Macaque, Bonnet 3a/Extreme Cercopithecidae

Primates/ Macaca silenus Macaque, Lion-tailed; 3a/Serious Cercopithecidae Wanderoo

Primates/ Macaca tonkeana Macaque, Tonkean Not listed/Extreme Cercopithecidae

Primates/ Mandrillus sphinx Mandrill 2/Serious Cercopithecidae

Carnivora/ Meles meles Badger; Eurasian Badger 2/Serious Mustelidae

Carnivora/ Mephitis mephitis Skunk, Striped 2/Extreme Mustelidae

Rodentia/ Muridae Mesocricetus auratus Hamster, Golden Not listed/Extreme Peramelemorphia/ Microperoryctes Bandicoot, Striped Not listed/Extreme Listed by DEH as Peroryctidae longicauda Peroryctes

Primates/ Miopithecus talapoin Talapoin, Southern; 2/Serious, B Cercopithecidae Talapoin

Didelphimorphia/ Monodelphis domestica Opossum, Grey Short- 1a/Extreme, C Didelphidae tailed; South American Short-tailed Opossum

Artiodactyla/ Muntiacus muntjak Muntjak, Indian 2/Serious, B Cervidae Dasyuromorphia/ Murexia longicaudata Mouse, Short-haired Not listed/Extreme Dasyuridae Marsupial

Rodentia/ Muridae Mus musculus Mouse, House 5/Extreme Carnivora/ Mustela putorius Ferret 4/Extreme Synonym Putorius Mustelidae # 25/01/06 Dasyuromorphia/ Myoictis melas Dasyure, Three-striped Not listed/Extreme Dasyuridae

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 12

Xenarthra/ Myrmecophaga tridactyla Anteater, Giant 3a/Serious, B Myrmecophagidae

Carnivora/ Nasua nasua Coati, South American; 2/Extreme Procyonidae Southern Coati

Carnivora/ Felidae Neofelis nebulosa Leopard, Clouded 2/Serious, A Synonym Pardofelis. Dasyuromorphia/ Neophascogale lorentzi Dasyure, Speckled Not listed/Extreme Dasyuridae

Carnivora/ Canidae Nyctereutes procyonoides Dog, Racoon; Racoon-dog 2/Extreme # 16/08/04 Primates/ Loridae Nycticebus coucang Loris, Slow 2/Serious Primates/ Loridae Nycticebus pygmaeus Loris, Lesser Slow; Pygmy 2/Serious Loris

Artiodactyla/ Odocoileus virginianus Deer, White-tailed 3b/Extreme Cervidae

Carnivora/ Felidae Oncifelis geoffroyi Cat, Geoffroy's 2/Extreme Synonym Felis Tubulidentata/ Orycteropus afer Aardvark 2/Serious, B Orycteropodidae

Lagomorpha/ Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit, European 5/Extreme Leporidae

Artiodactyla/ Oryx dammah Oryx, Scimitar 2/Serious Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Oryx gazella Gemsbok Not listed/Extreme Bovidae Carnivora/ Felidae Otocolobus manul Cat, Pallas's 2/Serious Synonym Felis Primates/ Otolemur crassicaudatus Bushbaby, Greater; Large- 2/Serious Synonym is Galago Galagonidae Eared Greater Galago; Thick-tailed Bushbaby

Artiodactyla/ Ovis aries Sheep, Domestic 4/Serious Bovidae Primates/ Hominidae Pan troglodytes Chimpanzee 2/Serious Carnivora/ Panthera leo Lion 3a/Serious Felidae Carnivora/ Panthera onca Jaguar 3a/Extreme Felidae Carnivora/ Panthera pardus Leopard 3a/Extreme # 21/09/05 Felidae Carnivora/ Panthera tigris Tiger 3a/Extreme Felidae

Primates/ Papio hamadryas Baboon, Chacma; Guinea 2/Serious Includes anubis Olive Cercopithecidae Baboon; Hamadryas Baboon, cynocephalus Baboon; Olive Baboon; Yellow Baboon, papio Yellow Baboon Guinea Baboon, ursinus Chacma Baboon

Artiodactyla/ Pecari tajacu Pecari, Collared 2/Extreme # 31/05/04 Tayassuidae

Rodentia/ Pedetidae Pedetes capensis Hare, Spring 2/Extreme, B # 21/09/05

Diprotodontia/ Petaurus breviceps Glider, Sugar 2/Serious Petauridae papuanus

Dasyuromorphia/ Phascolosorex doriae Shrew, Red-bellied Not listed/Extreme

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 13

Dasyuridae Marsupial Dasyuromorphia/ Phascolosorex dorsalis Shrew, Narrow-striped Not listed/Extreme Dasyuridae Marsupial

Carnivora/ Phocidae Phoca vitulina Seal, Common; Harbour 3a/Serious Seal

Carnivora/Phocidae Phoca vitulina Pacific Harbour Seal Not listed/Extreme Primates/ Hominidae Pongo pygmaeus Orang-hutan; Orang-utan 2/Serious Carnivora/ Potos flavus Kinkajou 2/Serious Procyonidae

Primates/ Presbytis femoralis Leaf-monkey, Banded Not listed/Extreme Cercopithecidae

Carnivora/ Felidae Prionailurus bengalensis Cat, Bengal Leopard; 2/Serious Synonym Felis Leopard Cat

Carnivora/ Felidae Prionailurus viverrinus Cat, Fishing 2/Serious, A Synonym Felis Hyracoidea/ Procavia capensis Hyrax, Rock 1a/Extreme Procaviidae

Carnivora/ Procyon lotor Raccoon, Common; 2/Extreme, B # 12/12/04 Procyonidae Northern Raccoon

Carnivora/ Felidae Puma concolor Cougar; Deer Tiger; 2/Extreme Synonym Felis Mountain Lion; Puma; Red Tiger

Rodentia/ Muridae Rattus norvegicus Rat, Brown 5/Extreme Rodentia/ Muridae Rattus rattus Rat, Black 5/Extreme Perissodactyla/ Rhinoceros unicornis Rhinoceros, Indian 2/Serious Rhinocerotidae

Artiodactyla/ Rupicapra rupicapra Chamois 2/Serious Bovidae Primates/ Saguinus imperator Tamarin, Emperor 2/Serious Callitrichidae

Primates/ Saguinus midas Tamarin, Negro; Red- 2/Serious Callitrichidae handed Tamarin

Primates/ Saguinus oedipus Tamarin, Cotton-headed; 2/Serious Callitrichidae Cotton-top Tamarin; Rufous-naped Tamarin

Primates/ Cebidae Saimiri boliviensis Monkey, Black-headed 2/Serious, A Squirrel

Primates/ Cebidae Saimiri sciureus Monkey, Common Squirrel 2/Serious

Primates/ Semnopithecus entellus Langur, Common; Entellus 2/Serious Synonym is Presbytes Cercopithecidae Langur; Grey Langur; Hanuman Langur; True Langur

Diprotodontia/ Strigocuscus gymnotis Cuscus, Ground 2/Serious Synonym is Phalanger Phalangeridae

Carnivora/ Suricata suricatta Meerkat 2/Serious Herpestidae

Artiodactyla/ Suidae Sus ‘domesticus’ Pig, Domestic 4/Extreme S. domesticus and S. scrofa listed separately on VPC list.

Artiodactyla/ Suidae Sus scrofa Boar, Wild 4/Extreme S. domesticus and S. scrofa listed separately on VPC list. # 16/07/07

Artiodactyla/ Syncerus caffer Buffalo, Congo 2/Serious

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 14

Bovidae Rodentia/ Sciuridae Tamias species chipmunks 2/Extreme, A Tamias includes Eutamias Perissodactyla/ Tapirus indicus Tapir, Malayan 2/Serious Tapiridae

Perissodactyla/ Tapirus terrestris Tapir, Brazilian 2/Serious Tapiridae

Artiodactyla/ Taurotragus oryx Eland, Common 2/Serious Bovidae Primates/ Theropithecus gelada Baboon, Gelada 2/Serious, B Cercopithecidae

Primates/ Trachypithecus cristatus Langur, Silvered; Silvered 2/Serious Synonym is Presbytes Cercopithecidae Leaf Monkey

Primates/ Trachypithecus auratus Langur, Ebony Not listed/Extreme Cercopithecidae

Primates/ Trachypithecus francoisi Langur, François's; 2/Serious Cercopithecidae François's Leaf Monkey; Tonkin Leaf Monkey

Primates/ Trachypithecus obscurus Monkey, Dusky Leaf; 2/Serious Cercopithecidae Spectacled Langur; Spectacled Leaf Monkey

Primates/ Trachypithecus vetulus Monkey, Purple-faced Leaf 2/Serious Cercopithecidae

Artiodactyla/ Tragelaphus angasii Nyala, Lowland 2/Serious Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Tragelaphus eurycerus Bongo 2/Serious Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Tragelaphus spekii Sitatunga 2/Serious Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Tragelaphus strepsiceros Kudu, Greater 2/Serious Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Tragulus javanicus Chevrotain, Lesser Malay 2/Serious Tragulidae

Scandentia/ Tupaia belangeri Treeshrew, Northern Not listed/Extreme Tupaiidae

Scandentia/ Tupaia glis Treeshrew, Malaysian 2/Serious Tupaiidae

Carnivora/ Felidae Uncia uncia Leopard, Snow; Ounce 2/Serious, A Synonym Panthera Carnivora/ Ursidae Ursus americanus Bear, American Black 3a/Serious Carnivora/ Ursidae Ursus arctos Bear, Brown; Grizzly Bear 3a/Serious

Carnivora/ Ursidae Ursus maritimus Bear, Polar 2/Serious Synonym Thalarctos maritimus Carnivora/ Ursidae Ursus thibetanus Bear, Asiatic Black; 3a/Serious Synonym Selenarctos Himalayan Black Bear thibetanus

Primates/ Lemuridae Varecia variegata Lemur, Ruffed 2/Serious Carnivora/ Canidae Vulpes vulpes Fox, Red 5/Extreme

Carnivora/ Canidae Vulpes zerda Fox, Fennec 2/Serious Synonym is Fennecus

Monotremata/ Zaglossus bruijni Echidna, Long-beaked; 2/Serious, A Tachyglossidae Long-nosed Echidna; Long-nosed Spiny Anteater; New Guinea

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 15

Long-nosed Echidna Carnivora/ Otariidae Zalophus californianus Sealion, Californian 3a/Serious Carnivora/Otariidae Zalophus californianus California Sealion Not listed/Extreme

AVES Order/Family Scientific Name Common Name VPC Category) Comments

Passeriformes, Acridotheres tristis Myna, Common; Indian 5/Extreme # 22/04/04 STURNIDAE Myna(h)

Psittaciformes, Agapornis fischeri Lovebird, Fischer's 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Agapornis lilianae Lovebird, Nyasa 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Agapornis nigrigenis Lovebird, Black-cheeked 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Agapornis personatus Lovebird, Masked; Yellow- 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE collared Lovebird; Black- masked Lovebird

Psittaciformes, Agapornis roseicollis Lovebird, Peach-faced; 4/Serious # 05/04/04 PSITTACIDAE Rosy-faced Lovebird

Anseriformes, Aix galericulata Duck, Mandarin 4/Serious Anatidae

Anseriformes, Aix sponsa Duck, Wood 4/Serious Anatidae

Passeriformes, Alauda arvensis Skylark; Eurasian Skylark 4/Extreme ALAUDIDAE

Galliformes, Alectoris chukar Partridge, Chukar 4/Serious PHASIANIDAE

Psittaciformes, Alisterus amboinensis Parrot, Aboina; Moluccan Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE King Parrot

Anseriformes, Alopochen aegyptiacus Goose, Egyptian 4/Extreme # 05/04/04 Anatidae

Passeriformes, Amadina erythrocephala Sparrow, Paradise; 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Aberdeen Finch; Red- headed Amadina

Passeriformes, Amadina fasciata Weaver, Cut-throat; Cut- 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE throat Finch; Ribbon Finch

Passeriformes, Amandava amandava Munia, Red; Red 4/Extreme # 05/04/04 ESTRILDIDAE Strawberry Finch; Red or Indian Avadavat; Tiger Finch; Red Waxbill

Passeriformes, Amandava formosa Munia, Green; Green 4/Moderate ESTRILDIDAE Strawberry Finch, Green Avadavat

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 16

Passeriformes, Amandava subflava Waxbill, Zebra; Golden- 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE breasted Waxbill; Orange- breasted Waxbill

Psittaciformes, Amazona aestiva Amazon, Blue-fronted; 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Blue-fronted Parrot

Psittaciformes, Amazona albifrons Amazon, White-fronted; Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE White-fronted Parrot

Psittaciformes, Amazona amazonica Amazon, Orange-winged; 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Orange-winged Parrot

Psittaciformes, Amazona auropalliata Amazon, Yellow-naped; Not listed/Extreme Unclear taxonomy, may PSITTACIDAE Yellow-naped Parrot be A. ochrocephala auropalliata

# 01/03/04

Psittaciformes, Amazona autumnalis Amazon, Red-lored Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Amazona finschi Amazona, Lilac-crowned; 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Lilac-crowned Parrot

Psittaciformes, Amazona leucocephala Amazon, Cuban; Cuban Not listed/Serious # 13/05/06 PSITTACIDAE Parrot

Psittaciformes, Amazona ochrocephala Amazon, Yellow-crowned; 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Yellow-crowned Parrot

Psittaciformes, Amazona ochrocephala Amazon, Yellow-naped Extreme # 01/03/04 PSITTACIDAE auropalliata

Psittaciformes, Amazona oratrix Amazon, Yellow-headed; Not listed/Extreme Unclear taxonomy, may PSITTACIDAE Yellow-headed Parrot be A. ochrocephala oratrix

Psittaciformes, Amazona pretrei Parrot, Red-spectacled Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Amazona viridigenalis Amazon, Green-cheeked; 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Green-cheeked parrot; Red-crowned Amazon; Red-crowned Parrot

Psittaciformes, Amazona xanthops Parrot, Yellow-faced Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Anseriformes, Anas platyrhynchos Mallard and all strains of 4/Extreme # 22/04/04 Anatidae domestic duck

Psittaciformes, Anodorhynchus Macaw, Hyacinth 4/Extreme # 13/05/06 PSITTACIDAE hyacinthinus

Anseriformes, Anser anser Goose, Greylag and all 4/Serious Anatidae domestic strains of geese

Anseriformes, Anser cygnoides Goose, Swan 4/Moderate # 21/08/05 Anatidae

APTERYGIFORMES, Apteryx australis Kiwi, Brown Not listed/Low # 28/12/05 Apterygidae

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 17

Psittaciformes, Ara ambigua Macaw, Buffon's; Great Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Green Macaw

Psittaciformes, Ara ararauna Macaw, Blue and Yellow; 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Blue and Gold Macaw

Psittaciformes, Ara auricollis Macaw, Yellow-collared Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Ara chloropterus Macaw, Green-winged; 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Red and Green Macaw

Psittaciformes, Ara macao Macaw, Scarlet 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Ara manilata Macaw, Red-bellied Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Ara maracana Macaw, Illiger;s; Blue- Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE winged Macaw

Psittaciformes, Ara militaris Macaw; Military Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Ara nobilis Macaw; Red-shouldered Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Ara rubrogenys Macaw, Red-fronted Not listed/Moderate # 21/09/05 PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Ara severa Macaw, Chestnut-fronted Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Aratinga acuticaudata Conure, Blue-crowned; Not listed//Extreme PSITTACIDAE Blue-crowned Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Aratinga aurea Conure, Peach-fronted; 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Golden-crowned Conure

Psittaciformes, Aratinga auricapilla Conure, Golden-capped; Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Golden-capped Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Aratinga guarouba Conure, Golden; Golden 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Aratinga jandaya Conure, Janday; Janday 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Aratinga solstitialis Conure, Sun; Sun 4/Low # 30/01//07 PSITTACIDAE Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Aratinga weddellii Conure, Dusky-headed; Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Dusky-headed Parakeet

Anseriformes, Aythya novaeseelandiae Scaup, New Zealand 4/Moderate # 13/05/06 Anatidae

Psittaciformes, Bolborhynchus lineola Parakeet, Barred Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Anseriformes, Branta canadensis Goose, Canada 4/Extreme # 05/04/04 Anatidae

Psittaciformes, Cacatua alba Cockatoo, White Moderate # 01/03/04

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 18

PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Cacatua goffini Cockatoo, Tanimbar Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Cacatua moluccensis Cockatoo, Salmon-crested 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Cactua sulphurea Cockatoo, Yellow-crested Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Anseriformes, Cairina moschata Duck, Muscovy 4/ Serious Anatidae

Columbiformes, Caloenas nicobarica Pigeon, Nicobar 4/Moderate Columbidae

Passeriformes, Carduelis atriceps Siskin, Black-capped Not listed/Extreme FRINGILLIDAE

Passeriformes, Carduelis cannabina Linnet, Eurasian Not listed/Serious FRINGILLIDAE

Passeriformes, Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch; Eurasian 5/Extreme # 31/05/04 FRINGILLIDAE Goldfinch

Passeriformes, Carduelis chloris Greenfinch; European 5/Extreme FRINGILLIDAE Greenfinch

Passeriformes, Carduelis cucullata Siskin, Red; Venezuelan 4/Serious FRINGILLIDAE Siskin; Black-hooded Red Siskin

Passeriformes, Carduelis flammea Redpoll; Common Redpoll 3b/Extreme FRINGILLIDAE

Passeriformes, Carduelis magellanica Siskin, Hooded; Yellow Not listed/Moderate FRINGILLIDAE Siskin; Black-hooded Yellow Siskin

Passeriformes, Carduelis notata Siskin, Black-headed Not listed/Serious FRINGILLIDAE

Passeriformes, Carduelis sinica Greenfinch, Oriental 4/Moderate FRINGILLIDAE

Passeriformes, Carduelis spinoides Greenfinch, Yellow- Not listed/Moderate FRINGILLIDAE breasted; Black-headed Greenfinch

Passeriformes, Carduelis spinus Siskin, European; Spruce 4/Moderate FRINGILLIDAE Siskin

Passeriformes, Carduelis uropygialis Siskin, Yellow-rumped Not listed/Moderate FRINGILLIDAE

Passeriformes, Carpodacus mexicanus Finch, House Not listed/Extreme FRINGILLIDAE

Passeriformes, Carpodacus purpureus Finch, Purple 4/Extreme FRINGILLIDAE

Psittaciformes, Chalcopsitta atra Lory, Black Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 19

Psittaciformes, Chalcopsitta cardinalis Lory, Cardinal Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Chalcopsitta duivenbodei Lory, Brown Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Chalcopsitta sintillata Lory, Yellow-streaked Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Charmosyna papou Lorikeet, Papuan Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Galliformes, Chrysolophus amherstiae Pheasant, Lady Amherst's 4/Moderate PHASIANIDAE

Galliformes, Chrysolophus pictus Pheasant, Golden 4/Moderate PHASIANIDAE

Galliformes, Colinus virginianus Bobwhite, Northern 4/Extreme # 01/03/04 PHASIANIDAE

Columbiformes, Columba livia Pigeon, Rock; Common 4/Extreme Columbidae Pigeon; Fancy Pigeon

Columbiformes, Columbina talpacoti Dove, Ruddy Ground; 4/Extreme Columbidae Talpacoti

Passeriformes, Copsychus malabaricus Shama, White-rumped 4/Serious MUSCICAPIDAE

Passeriformes, Copsychus saularis Mapgie-Robin; Magpie- Not listed/Extreme MUSCICAPIDAE Robin, Oriental

Passeriformes, Corvus splendens Crow, House; Indian or Extreme # 31/05/04 Corvidae Ceylon Crow

Passeriformes, Coryphospingus cucullatus Finch, Red-crested Not listed/Extreme EMBERIZIDAE

Galliformes, Coturnix coturnix Quail, Common 4/Extreme PHASIANIDAE

Galliformes, Coturnix japonica Quail, Japanese Moderate # 01/03/04 PHASIANIDAE

Psittaciformes, Cyanoliseus patagonus Parakeet, Burrowing Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Cyanoramphus auriceps Parakeet, Yellow-fronted; 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Yellow-fronted Kakariki

Psittaciformes, Cyanoramphus Parakeet, Red-fronted; 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE novaezelandiae Red-fronted Kakariki

Psittaciformes, Cyanoramphus unicolor Parakeet, Antipodes Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Green

Anseriformes, Cygnus olor Swan, Mute 4/Extreme Anatidae

Psittaciformes, Deroptyus accipitrinus Parrot, Hawk-headed; 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Red-fan Parrot,

Passeriformes, Emberiza citrinella Yellowhammer 3b/Extreme

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 20

EMBERIZIDAE

Psittaciformes, Eos bornea Lory, Red 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Eos cyanogenia Lory, Black-winged Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Eos histrio Lory, Red and Blue Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Eos reticulata Lory, Blue-streaked Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Eos semilarvata Lory, Blue-eared Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Eos squamata Lory, Violet-necked Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Passeriformes, Erythrura cyaneovirens Parrot Finch, Red-headed 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE

Passeriformes, Erythrura hyperythra Parrot Finch, Bamboo; Unlisted/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Tawny-breasted Parrot Finch

Passeriformes, Erythrura pealii Parrot Finch, Fiji Not listed/Serious ESTRILDIDAE

Passeriformes, Erythrura prasina Parrot Finch, Pin-tailed 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE

Passeriformes, Erythrura psittacea Parrot Finch, Red- 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE throated; Red-faced Parrot Finch

Passeriformes, Erythrura tricolor Parrot Finch, Tri-coloured; Not listed/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Three-coloured Parrot Finch; Tanimbar Parrot Finch

Passeriformes, Estrilda astrild Waxbill, Common; St 4/Extreme # 01/03/04 ESTRILDIDAE Helena Waxbill

Passeriformes, Estrilda melpoda Waxbill, Orange-cheeked 4/Extreme ESTRILDIDAE

Passeriformes, Estrilda troglodytes Waxbill, Black-rumped; 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Red-eared Waxbill

Passeriformes, Euplectes afer Bishop, Golden; Napoleon 4/Serious PLOCEIDAE Weaver

Passeriformes, Euplectes axillaris Whydah, Fan-tailed; 4/Serious PLOCEIDAE Widow Bird; Red- shouldered Whydah

Passeriformes, Euplectes orix Weaver, Grenadier; Red 3b/Extreme PLOCEIDAE Bishop; Orange Bishop Weaver; Northern Red Bishop Weaver

Passeriformes, Euschistospiza dybowskii Twin-spot, Dybowski’s Not listed/Serious

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 21

ESTRILDIDAE

Psittaciformes, Forpus coelestis Parrotlet, Pacific Not listed/Serious PSITTACIDAE

Passeriformes, Foudia eminentissima Fody, Mascarene; Red- 4/Serious PLOCEIDAE headed Fody; Comoro Fody

Passeriformes, Foudia madagascariensis Fody, Madagascan Red; 4/Serious PLOCEIDAE Madagascar Weaver

Galliformes, Francolinus francolinus Francolin, Black Not listed/Extreme PHASIANIDAE

Passeriformes, Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch 3b/Extreme FRINGILLIDAE

Columbiformes, Gallicolumba jobiensis Pigeon, White-breasted 4/ Moderate Columbidae Ground; White-bibbed Ground-dove

Columbiformes, Gallicolumba luzonica Pigeon, Luzon Bleeding 4/ Moderate Columbidae Heart

Galliformes, Gallus gallus Junglefowl, Red and all 4/Extreme PHASIANIDAE strains of domestic chicken

Galliformes, Gallus varius Junglefowl, Green Not listed/Low Feral population on PHASIANIDAE Cocos Island, off WA coast.

# 28/12/05

Columbiformes, Goura victoria Pigeon, Victoria Crowned 4/ Moderate Columbidae

Columbiformes, Hemiphaga Pigeon, New Zealand Not listed/Moderate Columbidae novaeseelandiae

Passeriformes, Hypargos niveoguttatus Twin-spot, Peters’ 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE

Passeriformes, Lagonosticta rubricata Fire Finch, African 4/Extreme ESTRILDIDAE

Passeriformes, Lagonosticta senegala Fire Finch, Red-billed 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE

Passeriformes, Leiothrix argentauris Mesia, Silver-eared Not listed/Extreme # 12/08/06 MUSCICAPIDAE

Passeriformes, Leiothrix lutea Robin, Pekin; Red-billed 4/Serious # 22/04/04 MUSCICAPIDAE Leiothrix

Passeriformes, Lonchura bicolor Mannikin, Black and 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE White; Rufous-backed Munia; Blue-billed Mannikin; Red-backed Mannikin

Passeriformes, Lonchura cantans Silverbill, African 4/ Serious # 01/03/04 ESTRILDIDAE

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 22

Passeriformes, Lonchura grisericapilla Silverbill, Grey-headed Not listed/Serious ESTRILDIDAE

Passeriformes, Lonchura leucogastroides Mannikin, Javanese; Not listed/Moderate ESTRILDIDAE Javan Munia

Passeriformes, Lonchura maja Munia, White-headed 4/Moderate ESTRILDIDAE

Passeriformes, Lonchura malabarica Silverbill, Indian; White- 4/Extreme ESTRILDIDAE throated Munia; Common Silverbill

Passeriformes, Lonchura malacca Mannikin, Chestnut; Tri- 4/Extreme Three subspecies listed ESTRILDIDAE coloured Mannikin; Black- by NEBRS headed Munia; Black- (L.m.malacca, headed Nun L.m.ferruginosa, L.m.atricapilla)

# 01/03/04

Passeriformes, Lonchura punctulata Mannikin, Nutmeg; Spice 3b/Extreme ESTRILDIDAE Finch; Spotted Munia; Scaly-breasted Munia

Passeriformes, Lonchura striata Munia, White-rumped; 4/Serious (incl. domestica) ESTRILDIDAE Bengalese Mannikin

Galliformes, Lophophorus impejanus Pheasant, Himalayan 4/Low # 13/05/06 PHASIANIDAE Monal

Galliformes, Lophortyx californica Quail, California 4/Extreme PHASIANIDAE

Galliformes, Lophura diardi Pheasant, Siamese 4/Moderate # 10/02/06 PHASIANIDAE Fireback

Galliformes, Lophura edwardsi Pheasant, Edwards 4/Moderate # 10/02/06 PHASIANIDAE

Galliformes, Lophura leucomelanos Pheasant, Kalij 4/Moderate PHASIANIDAE

Galliformes, Lophura nycthemera Pheasant, Silver 4/Moderate PHASIANIDAE

Galliformes, Lophura swinhoii Pheasant, Swinhoe's 4/Moderate PHASIANIDAE

Psittaciformes, Loriculus galgulus Parrot, Blue-crowned 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Hanging

Psittaciformes, Lorius chlorocercus Lory, Yellow-bibbed Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Lorius domicella Lory, Purple-naped; Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Purple-capped Lory

Psittaciformes, Lorius garrulus Lory, Chattering 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Lorius lory Lory, Black-capped 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 23

Passeriformes, Mandingoa nitidula Twin-spot, Green-backed Not listed/Serious ESTRILDIDAE

Galliformes, Meleagris gallopavo Turkey, Common; Wild 4/Extreme PHASIANIDAE Turkey

Galliformes, Mitu tuberosa Curassow, Razor-billed Not listed/Low # 28/12/05 CRACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Myiopsitta monachus Parakeet, Monk; Quaker 4/Extreme # 22/04/04 PSITTACIDAE Parrot

Psittaciformes, Nandayus nenday Conure, Nanday; Nanday 4/Extreme # 01/03/04 PSITTACIDAE Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Neopsittacus Lorikeet, Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE musschenbroekii Musschenbroek's; Yellow- billed Lorikeet

Psittaciformes, Nestor notabilis Kea 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE

Galliformes, Numida meleagris Guineafowl, Helmeted 4/Extreme PHASIANIDAE

Columbiformes, Oena capensis Dove, Namaqua; Long- 4/Extreme Columbidae tailed Dove; Masked Dove

Passeriformes, Padda oryzivora Sparrow, Java; Paddy 4/Serious # 22/04/04 ESTRILDIDAE Finch

Passeriformes, Paroaria coronata Cardinal, Red-crested 4/Serious EMBERIZIDAE

Passeriformes, Passer domesticus Sparrow, House 4/5/Extreme # 31/05/04 PLOCEIDAE

Passeriformes, Passer flaveolus Sparrow, Plain-backed; Not listed/Extreme PLOCEIDAE Pegu House Sparrow

Passeriformes, Passer luteus Sparrow, Sudan Golden 4/Extreme PLOCEIDAE

Passeriformes, Passer montanus Sparrow, Eurasian Tree 5/Extreme PLOCEIDAE

Galliformes, Pavo cristatus Peafowl, Common; Indian 4/Extreme PHASIANIDAE Peafowl

Galliformes, Pavo muticus Peafowl, Green 4/Serious PHASIANIDAE

Galliformes, Phasianus colchicus Pheasant, Common 4/Extreme # 31/05/04 PHASIANIDAE

Psittaciformes, Phigys solitarius Lory, Collared Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Ciconiiformes, Phoenicopterus chilensis Flamingo, Chilean 4/Serious # 21/09/05 Phoenicopteridae

Ciconiiformes, Phoenicopterus ruber Flamingo, Greater 4/Extreme # 21/09/05 Phoenicopteridae

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 24

Psittaciformes, Pionites leucogaster Caique, White-bellied; 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE White-bellied Parrot

Psittaciformes, Pionites melanocephala Caique, Black-headed; 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Black-headed Parrot

Psittaciformes, Pionus chalcopterus Parrot, Bronze-winged Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Pionus senilis Parrot, White-crowned Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Poicephalus gulielmi Parrot, Red-fronted Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Poicephalus meyeri Parrot, Brown; Meyer's 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Parrot

Psittaciformes, Poicephalus robustus Parrot, Brown-necked Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Poicephalus rufiventris Parrot, Red-bellied Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Poicephalus senegalus Parrot, Senegal 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Prosopeia personata Shining-Parrot, Masked Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Prosopeia tabuensis Shining Parrot, Red Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Pseudeos fuscata Lory, Dusky Moderate # 01/03/04 PSITTACIDAE

Passeriformes, Psilorhinus morio Jay, Brown Not listed/Moderate # 21/09/05 CORVIDAE

Psittaciformes, Psittacula alexandri Parakeet, Moustached; 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Red-breasted Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Psittacula columboides Parakeet, Malabar 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Psittacula cyanocephala Parakeet, Plum-headed 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Psittacula derbiana Parakeet, Derbyan 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Psittacula eupatria Parakeet, Alexandrine 4/Extreme # 01/03/04 PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Psittacula himalayana Parakeet, Slaty-headed 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Psittacula krameri Parakeet, Rose-ringed; 4/Extreme # 22/04/04 PSITTACIDAE Indian or African Ringneck Parrot or Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Psittacula roseata Parakeet, Blossom- 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE headed

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 25

Psittaciformes, Psittacus erithacus Parrot, Western Grey; 4/Moderate # 20/04/04 PSITTACIDAE African Grey Parrot

Psittaciformes, Psitteuteles goldiei Lorikeet, Goldie's 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE

Passeriformes, Pycnonotus jocosus Bulbul, Red-whiskered 5/Extreme PYCNONOTIDAE

Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura cruentata Conure, Blue-throated Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura egregia Conure, Fiery-shouldered; Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Fiery-shouldered Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura frontalis Conure, Maroon-bellied Not listed/Serious # 28/12/05 PSITTACIDAE

Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura leucotis Conure, White-eared, 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE White-eared Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura melanura Conure, Maroon-tailed, 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Maroon-tailed Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura molinae Conure, Green-cheeked; Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Green-cheeked Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura perlata Conure, Pearly; Pearly 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura picta Conure, Painted; Painted 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura rhodogaster Conure, Crimson-bellied; 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Crimson-bellied Parakeet

Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura rupicola Conure, Black-capped; Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Black-capped Parakeet

Passeriformes, Pytilia hypogrammica Pytilia, Red-faced; Yellow- Not listed/Serious ESTRILDIDAE winged Pytilia

Passeriformes, Pytilia melba Pytilia, Green-winged; 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Melba Finch

Passeriformes, Pytilia phoenicoptera Pytilia, Crimson-winged; 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Aurora Finch

Rheiformes, Rheidae Rhea americana Rhea, Greater 4/Serious # 21/09/05

Psittaciformes, Rhynchopsitta Parrot, Thick-billed 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE pachyrhyncha

Passeriformes, Serinus atrogularis Seedeater, Yellow- Not listed/Serious FRINGILLIDAE rumped; Angolan Singing Finch

Passeriformes, Serinus canaria Canary, Common; Island 4/Moderate FRINGILLIDAE Canary

Passeriformes, Serinus dorsostriatus Canary, White-bellied Not listed/Serious FRINGILLIDAE

Passeriformes, Serinus flaviventris Canary, Yellow 4/Serious

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 26

FRINGILLIDAE

Passeriformes, Serinus leucopygius Seedeater, White-rumped; 4/Serious FRINGILLIDAE Grey Singing Finch

Passeriformes, Serinus mozambicus Canary, Yellow-fronted; 4/Serious FRINGILLIDAE Green Singing Finch

Passeriformes, Serinus serinus Serin, European Not listed/Serious FRINGILLIDAE

Passeriformes, Serinus xanthopygius Seedeater, Abyssinian Not listed/Moderate FRINGILLIDAE Yellow-rumped

Passeriformes, Sicalis flaveola Finch, Saffron 4/Extreme EMBERIZIDAE

Columbiformes, Streptopelia chinensis Turtle-dove, Spotted; 4/Extreme Columbidae Spotted Dove

Columbiformes, Streptopelia decaocto Dove, Collared; Collared 4/Extreme # 22/04/04 Columbidae Turtle-dove

Columbiformes, Streptopelia roseogrisea Turtle-dove, Ringed 4/Serious # 31/05/04 Columbidae

Columbiformes, Streptopelia senegalensis Turtle-dove, Laughing 4/Extreme Columbidae

Columbiformes, Streptopelia tranquebarica Collared-dove, Red 4/Serious Columbidae

Struthioniformes, Struthio camelus Ostrich 4/Extreme Struthionidae

Passeriformes, Sturnus vulgaris Starling, Common 5/Extreme STURNIDAE

Galliformes, Syrmaticus reevesii Pheasant, Reeves' 4/Extreme # 13/05/06 PHASIANIDAE

Anseriformes, Tadorna ferruginea Shelduck, Ruddy 4/ Serious Anatidae

Anseriformes, Tadorna variegata Shelduck, Paradise 4/ Serious Anatidae

Passeriformes, Tiaris canora Grassquit, Cuban; Cuban 4/Moderate EMBERIZIDAE Finch

Psittaciformes, Trichoglossus euteles Lorikeet, Perfect; Olive- Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE headed Lorikeet

Psittaciformes, Trichoglossus johnstoniae Lorikeet, Johnstone's; Not listed/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Mindanao Lorikeet

Psittaciformes, Trichoglossus ornatus Lorikeet, Ornate 4/Moderate # 05/04/04 PSITTACIDAE

Passeriformes, Turdus merula Blackbird, Common; 5/Extreme # 22/04/04 MUSCICAPIDAE Eurasian Blackbird

Passeriformes, Turdus philomelos Thrush, Song 5/Extreme MUSCICAPIDAE

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 27

Passeriformes, Uraeginthus angolensis Cordon-bleu; Blue- 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE breasted Cordon-bleu; Blue-breasted Waxbill

Passeriformes, Uraeginthus bengalus Cordon-bleu, Red-cheeked 4/Serious # 22/04/04 ESTRILDIDAE

Passeriformes, Uraeginthus granatina Waxbill, Violet-eared; 4/Moderate # 22/04/04 ESTRILDIDAE Common Grenadier

Passeriformes, Uraeginthus Cordon-bleu, Blue-capped; 4/Moderate ESTRILDIDAE cyanocephalus Blue-headed Cordon-bleu

Passeriformes, Uraeginthus granatina Waxbill, Violet-eared; 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Common Grenadier

Passeriformes, Uraeginthus ianthinogaster Grenadier, Purple; Purple Not listed/Moderate ESTRILDIDAE Grenadier Waxbill

Passeriformes, Vidua macroura Whydah, Pin-tailed 4/Extreme PLOCEIDAE

Passeriformes, Vidua paradisaea Whydah, Paradise; Not listed/Serious PLOCEIDAE Eastern Paradise Whydah

Passeriformes, Volatinia jacarina Grassquit, Blue-black; 4/Serious # 28/12/05 EMBERIZIDAE Jacarini Finch

Falconiformes, Vultur gryphus Condor, Andean 4/Moderate # 21/09/05 Cathartidae

REPTILIA Order/Family Scientific Name Common Name VPC Category) Comments

Serpentes/ Acrochordus javanicus Snake, Javan File 2/Serious Acrochordidae Serpentes/ Agkistrodon bilineatus Cantil; Mexican 2/Serious Viperidae Copperhead ; Mexican Moccasin Serpentes/ Agkistrodon piscivorus Moccasin, Water 2/Serious Viperidae Testudines/ Aldabrachelys elephantina Tortoise, Aldabra; Aldabra 2/Serious Synonym Geochelone Testudinidae Giant Tortoise gigantea Crocodylia/ Alligator mississippiensis Alligator, American 2/Serious Alligatoridae Testudines/ Apalone ferox Turtle, Florida Softshell 2/Serious, A Trionychidae Serpentes/ Apodora papuana Python, Papuan Not Synonyms are Liasis Pythoninae listed/Extreme maximus , Liasis papuanus , Morelia papuana Sauria/ Basiliscus plumifrons Basilisk, Green; Double- 2/Serious Iguanidae crested Basilisk Serpentes/ Bitis arietans Adder, Puff Not Assessed by VPC Viperidae listed/Extreme 2002 using Bomford Model Mk 2, DEH have permitted species to be held in SA under SA permit. Serpentes/ Bitis gabonica Viper, Gabon 2/Serious Viperidae Serpentes/ Bitis nasicornis Viper, Rhinoceros 2/Serious Viperidae Serpentes/ Boa constrictor Constrictor, Boa; 2/Serious Synonym Constrictor Boidae Ampalagua; Giboya; constrictor Masacuate

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 28

Serpentes/ Boiga dendrophila Snake, Mangrove Cat; 2/Serious Colubridae Mangrove Snake Serpentes/ Bothriechis schlegelii Viper, Eyelash Palm Pit; 2/Serious, A Viperidae Eyelash Palm Viper; Eyelash Viper; Horned Palm Viper; Speckled Palm Pit Viper Serpentes/ Bothrochilus boa Python, Barred; Bismarck 2/Serious Synonym Liasis boa , Pythoninae Ringed Python; Ringed Morelia boa Python Serpentes/ Bothrops alternatus Urutu 2/Serious, B Viperidae Sauria/ Brachylophus fasciatus Iguana, Fiji Banded; South 2/Serious Iguanidae Pacific Banded Iguana Sauria/ Brachylophus vitiensis Iguana, Fiji Crested 2/Serious, A Iguanidae Crocodylia/ Caiman crocodilus Caiman, Brown; Common 2/Serious Alligatoridae Caiman; Spectacled Caiman Serpentes/ Candoia aspera Boa, New Guinea Viper; 3a/Serious, A Boidae Papuan Ground Boa Serpentes/ Candoia bibroni Boa, Bibrons 3a/Serious, A Boidae Serpentes/ Candoia carinata Boa, Solomon Ground; 3a/Serious, A Boidae Tree Boa Squamata/ Chamaeleo jacksonii Chameleon, Jackson's 2/No new Chamaeleonida Three-horned category e allocated, A Testudines/ Chelus fimbriata Turtle, Matamata 2/Serious Chelidae Testudines/ Chelydra serpentina Turtle, Common Snapping; 3a/Serious Chelydridae Common Snapper Testudines/ Chersina angulata Tortoise, Angulated; 2/Serious Testudinidae Bowsprit Tortoise; South African Bowsprit Tortoise Testudines/ Chinemys reevesii Turtle, Reeves's; Chinese 2/Serious, A Emydidae Three-keeled Turtle Testudines/ Chrysemys picta Turtle, Painted 2/Serious Emydidae Testudines/ Cistoclemmys Turtle, Chinese Box; 3a/Serious Previous genus Cuora Emydidae flavomarginata Yellow-margined Box Turtle Testudines/ Clemmys guttata Turtle, Spotted 2/Serious Emydidae Testudines/ Clemmys insculpta Turtle, Wood 2/Serious Emydidae Testudines/ Clemmys marmorata Turtle, Pacific Pond; 2/Serious Emydidae Western Pond Turtle Serpentes/ Corallus caninus Boa, Emerald Tree 2/Serious, A Boidae Serpentes/ Corallus hortulanus* Boa, Cook's Tree; Garden 2/Serious Synonym = C. enydris Boidae Boa; Tree Boa Sauria/ Corucia zebrata Skink, Prehensile-tailed; 3a/Serious, B Scincidae Solomon Islands Giant Skink Crocodylia/ Crocodylus mindorensis Crocodile, Philippine 2/Serious, A Crocodylidae Crocodylia/ Crocodylus novaeguineae Crocodile, New Guinea 2/Serious, A Crocodylidae Serpentes/ Crotalus adamanteus Rattlesnake, Eastern 2/Serious Viperidae Diamondback Serpentes/ Crotalus atrox Rattlesnake, Western Not Viperidae Diamondback listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Crotalus basiliscus Rattlesnake, Mexican 2/Serious, B Viperidae West-coast Serpentes/ Crotalus durissus Rattlesnake, Cascabel; 2/Serious Assessed as Crotalus Viperidae Cascabel; Neotropical unicolor so only Rattlesnake subspecies assessed. Serpentes/ Crotalus lepidus Rattlesnake, Rock 2/Serious Viperidae Serpentes/ Crotalus ruber Rattlesnake, Red Diamond 2/Serious Viperidae

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 29

Serpentes/ Crotalus vegrandis Rattlesnake, Uracoan Not Assessed by VPC Viperidae listed/Extreme 2002 using Bomford mkII, DEH have permitted species to be held in SA under SA permit. Serpentes/ Crotalus viridis Rattlesnake, Western 2/Serious Viperidae Testudines/ Cuora amboinensis Turtle, Malaysian Box; 3a/Serious Emydidae South Asian Box Turtle Testudines/ Cuora trifasciata Turtle, Chinese Three- 3a/Serious Emydidae striped Box Sauria/ Cyclura cornuta Iguana, Rhinoceros 3a/Serious Iguanidae Serpentes/ Daboia russelli Viper, Russell's 2/Serious Synonym Vipera Viperidae russelli Serpentes/ Drymarchon corais Snake, Indigo 2/Serious Colubridae Serpentes/ Elaphe carinata* Snake, Taiwan Stink Not Present at Perth Zoo, Colubridae listed/Extreme 2000. Serpentes/ Elaphe guttata Snake, Corn 2/Serious Colubridae Serpentes/ Elaphe obsoleta Snake, North American 2/Serious Colubridae Rat; Rat Snake Serpentes/ Elaphe quatorlineata Snake, Four-lined Rat; 2/Serious, A Colubridae Four-lined Snake Serpentes/ Elaphe schrenkii* Snake, Russian Rat 2/Serious, A Colubridae Serpentes/ Elaphe taeniura Snake, Striped Trinket; 2/Serious Colubridae Stripe-tailed Rat Snake; Taiwan Beauty Snake Sauria/ Emoia flavigularis Skink, Yellow-throated Not Scincidae Emo listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Epicrates cenchria Boa, Rainbow 2/Serious Boidae Sauria/ Eublepharis macularius Gecko, Leopard; Northern 3a/Serious Gekkonidae Leopard Gecko Serpentes/ Eunectes murinus Anaconda; Green 2/Serious Boidae Anaconda; Water Boa Serpentes/ Eunectes notaeus Anaconda, Yellow 2/Serious Boidae Sauria/ Eurydactylodes vieillardi Gecko, Bavay's Not Gekkonidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Gekko gecko Gecko, Tokay 3a/Serious Gekkonidae Sauria/ Gekko vittatus Gecko, Lined; Striped Not Gekkonidae Gecko listed/Extreme Testudines/ Geochelone chilensis Tortoise, Argentine; Chaco 2/Serious, A Testudinidae Tortoise; Southern Wood Tortoise Testudines/ Geochelone denticulata Tortoise, Brazilian Giant; Not Specimen found Testudinidae Forest Tortoise; South listed/Extreme wandering the streets American Tortoise; South on the Gold Coast. American Yellow-footed Held at Currumbin Tortoise; Yellow-footed under a Qld NRME Tortoise permit on condition it is not transferred and no additional specimens obtained. Testudines/ Geochelone elegans Tortoise, Indian Star; Star 2/Serious Testudinidae Tortoise Testudines/ Geochelone nigra Tortoise, Galapagos Giant 3a/Serious Synonym Testudinidae elephantopus Testudines/ Geochelone pardalis Tortoise, Leopard; 2/Serious Testudinidae Mountain Tortoise Testudines/ Geochelone radiata Tortoise, Radiated 2/Serious Testudinidae Sauria/ Geomyersia glabra Skink, Greer's Island Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Geoscincus haraldmeieri Lizard, Scincid Not Scincidae listed/Extreme

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 30

Sauria/ Gerrhosaurus validus Lizard, Giant Plated 2/Serious Gerrhosauridae Sauria/ Gonydactylus biordinis Gecko, Guadalcanal Bow- Not Synonym is Gekkonidae fingered listed/Extreme Cyrtodactylus Testudines/ Gopherus agassizii Tortoise, Desert 2/Serious Testudinidae Testudines/ Graptemys geographica Turtle, Common Map 2/Serious Emydidae Testudines/ Graptemys Turtle, False Map; Eastern 2/Serious includes kohnii Emydidae pseudogeographica Map Turtle Testudines/ Graptemys versa Turtle, Texas Map 2/Serious Emydidae Sauria/ Heloderma suspectum Monster, Gila 2/Serious Helodermatidae Serpentes/ Hemachatus haemachatus Cobra, Ringneck Spitting; 2/Serious Elapidae Rinkhals Sauria/ Hemidactylus frenatus Gecko, Bridled House; 2/Serious, A Gekkonidae Common House Gecko; Cheechak Sauria/ Hemidactylus garnotii Gecko, Indopacific; Spiny Not Gekkonidae Gecko listed/Extreme Testudines/ Heosemys spinosa Terrapin, Spiny; Spiny 2/Serious Previous genus Emydidae Turtle; Sunburst Turtle Geomyda Serpentes/ Heterodon simus Snake, Southern Hog- Not Colubridae nosed listed/Extreme Testudines/ Hydromedusa tectifera Turtle, South American Not Chelidae Snake-necked listed/Extreme Squamata/ Hydrosaurus pustulatus Lizard, Crested; Philippine 2/Serious Agamidae Sailfin Lizard; Soa-Soa Water Lizard Sauria/ Iguana iguana Iguana, Common; Green 3a/Serious Iguanidae Iguana Testudines/ Indotestudo elongata Tortoise, 2/Serious, A Testudinidae Elongated;Pineapple Tortoise; Red-nosed Tortoise; Yellow Tortoise; Yellow-headed Tortoise Testudines/ Kinixys belliana Tortoise, Bell's 2/Serious, A Testudinidae Hinged;Bell's Hinged- backed Tortoise Testudines/ Kinosternon flavescens Turtle, Yellow Mud 2/Serious Kinosternidae Testudines/ Kinosternon subrubrum Turtle, Common Mud 2/Serious Kinosternidae Sauria/ Lacerta lepida Lizard, Eyed; Jewelled 2/Serious Lacertidae Lizard; Ocellated Lizard Sauria/ Lacerta viridis Lizard, Green; Emerald 2/Serious Lacertidae Lizard Serpentes/ Lampropeltis alterna Kingsnake, Grey-banded Not Colubridae listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Lampropeltis getula Kingsnake, Common 2/Serious Colubridae Serpentes/ Lampropeltis mexicana Kingsnake, Grey- 2/Serious Colubridae banded;San Luis Potosi Kingsnake Serpentes/ Lampropeltis triangulum Snake, Milk 2/Serious Colubridae Serpentes/ Laticauda crockeri Snake, Crocker's Sea Not Hydrophiidae listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Laticauda schistorhynchus Snake, Flat-tailed Sea Not Hydrophiidae listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Loveridgelaps elapoides Snake, Orange-banded Not Elapidae listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Lycondon capucinus* - Not Colubridae listed/Extreme Testudines/ Macroclemys temminckii Turtle, Alligator Snapping; 3a/Serious Chelydridae Alligator Snapper Testudines/ Manouria emys Tortoise, Asian Giant; 2/Serious, A Testudinidae Asian Tortoise; Black Giant Tortoise; Burmese Brown Tortoise; Burmese Mountain Tortoise; Six-

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 31

legged Tortoise Testudines/ Mauremys caspica* Terrapin, Caspian; 2/Serious, B Previous genus Emydidae Caspian Turtle; Stripe- Clemmys. necked Terrapin (Specimens died 8yrs ago Adelaide.) Serpentes/ Micropechis ikaheka Snake, Pacific Coral Not Elapidae listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Morelia boeleni Python, Black; Boelen's Not Pythoninae Python listed/Extreme Sauria/ Nactus pelagicus Gecko, Pelagic Not Synonyms are Gekkonidae listed/Extreme Cyrtodactylus pelagicus , Nactus arnouxii Serpentes/ Naja haje Cobra, Egyptian 2/Serious Elapidae Serpentes/ Naja melanoleuca Cobra, Forest 2/Serious Elapidae Serpentes/ Naja mossambica Cobra, Mozambique 2/Serious Elapidae Spitting Serpentes/ Naja naja Cobra, Asian; Asiatic 2/Serious Elapidae cobra; Indian Cobra; Indian Spectacled Cobra Sauria/ Naultinus elegans Gecko, Green Tree; Green 2/Serious, B (Was listed in SCA 13, Gekkonidae Gecko no breeding until re- assessment of species carried out.) Serpentes/ Ophiophagus hannah Cobra, King; Hamadryad 2/Serious, B Elapidae Squamata/ Ophisaurus apodus Lizard, Armoured Glass; 2/Serious Synonym Pseudopus Agamidae European Glass Lizard; Sheltopusik Serpentes/ Parapistocalamus hedigeri Snake, Hediger's Not Elapidae listed/Extreme Testudines/ Pelodiscus sinensis Turtle, Chinese Softshell 3a/Serious, B Trionychidae Sauria/ Phelsuma Gecko, Madagascar Day 2/Serious, A Gekkonidae madagascariensis Serpentes/ Pituophis melanoleucus Snake, Pine Gopher; Pine 2/Serious Colubridae Snake Testudines/ Platemys platycephala Turtle, Twist-necked 2/Serious, A Chelidae Sauria/ Prasinohaema virens Skink, Green Tree Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Pseudechis papuanus Snake, Papuan Brown Not Recently discovered Elapidae listed/Extreme on an island in the Torres Strait, which is Australian territory. Testudines/ Pseudemys floridana Cooter, Common; Florida 2/Serious Previous genus Emydidae Slider Chrysemys Serpentes/ Python curtus Python, Blood; Short-tailed 2/Serious Pythoninae Python Serpentes/ Python molurus Python, Asiatic Rock; 2/Serious Pythoninae Burmese Python; Tiger Python Serpentes/ Python regius Python, Ball; Royal Python 2/Serious Pythoninae Serpentes/ Python reticulatus Python, Java Rock; Regal 2/Serious Pythoninae Python; Reticulated Python Serpentes/ Python sebae Python, African; African 2/Serious Pythoninae Rock Python Serpentes/ Python timoriensis Python, Timor Not Pythoninae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Rhacodactylus auriculatus Gecko, New Caledonian 2/Serious, A Gekkonidae Bumpy; Eared Caledonian Gecko Sauria/ Rhacodactylus ciliatus Gecko, Guichenot's Giant Not Gekkonidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Rhacodactylus leachianus Gecko, New Caledonian 2/Serious, A Gekkonidae Giant; Cuvier’s Caledonian Gecko Sauria/ Rhacodactylus Gecko, Roux's Giant Not

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 32

Gekkonidae sarasinorum listed/Extreme Testudines/ Rhinoclemmys Turtle, Central American 2/Serious, A Emydidae pulcherrima Wood; Mexican Wood Turtle; Ornate Terrapin; Painted Wood Turtle Serpentes/ Salomonelaps par Snake, Solomon Islands Not Elapidae Brown listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Sanzinia Boa, Madagascar 2/Serious Boidae madagascariensis Testudines/ Siebenrockiella crassicollis Turtle, Black Marsh; Asian 2/Serious, A Emydidae Box Turtle; Thick-necked Turtle Serpentes/ Sistrurus catenatus Massasauga 2/Serious Viperidae Sphenodontida/ Sphenodon punctatus Beak-head; Cook Strait 2/Serious Sphenodontidae Tuatara; Sphenodon; Tuatara Sauria/ Sphenomorphus Lizard, Scincid Not Scincidae concinnatus listed/Extreme Testudines/ Staurotypus triporcatus Turtle, Mexican Musk; 2/Serious Kinosternidae Mexican Mud Turtle Testudines/ Sternotherus minor Musk Turtle, Loggerhead; 2/Serious Synonym Kinosternon Kinosternidae Musk Turtle Testudines/ Terrapene carolina Turtle, Common Box; 3a/Serious Emydidae Eastern Box Turtle Testudines/ Terrapene ornata Turtle, Ornate Box; Not Emydidae Western Box Turtle listed/Extreme Testudines/ Testudo graeca Tortoise, Common; Greek 2/Serious Testudinidae Tortoise; Moorish Tortoise; Spur-thighed Tortoise Testudines/ Testudo hermanni Tortoise, Hermann's 3a/Serious Testudinidae Testudines/ Testudo horsfieldii Tortoise, Afghan; Central 2/Serious, A Testudinidae Asian Tortoise; Four-toed Tortoise; Horsfield's Tortoise; Steppe Tortoise Sauria/ Tiliqua gigas Skink, Giant Blue-tongued Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Crocodylia/ Tomistoma schlegelii Gavial, False; False Not Crocodylidae Gharial; Malayan Gharial; listed/Extreme Tomistoma Testudines/ Trachemys scripta Slider, Common; Yellow- 3a/Serious Previous genus Emydidae bellied Slider, Red-eared Chrysemys Slider Sauria/ Tribolonotus gracilis Skink, Crocodile Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Tropidoscincus aubrianus Lizard, Scincid Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Tropidoscincus rohssii Lizard, Scincid Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Tropidoscincus variabilis Lizard, Scincid Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Varanus jobiensis Monitor, Peachthroat; Not Synonym is V. Varanidae Schmidt's Monitor; Sepik listed/Extreme karlschmidti Monitor Sauria/ Varanus komodoensis Dragon, Komodo; Komodo 2/Serious Varanidae Monitor; Ora Sauria/ Varanus niloticus Lizard, African Small-grain; 3a/Serious, B Varanidae Nile Monitor Sauria/ Varanus salvadorii Monitor, Crocodile; 2/Serious, A Varanidae Papuan Monitor; Tree Crocodile Serpentes/ Vipera ammodytes Viper, Nose-horned; Sand 2/Serious Viperidae Viper Serpentes/ Vipera latastei Viper, Lataste’s Not Assessed by VPC Viperidae listed/Extreme 2002 using Bomford mkII, DEH have permitted species to be held in SA under SA permit.

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, July 2007………………………………………………. page 33

AMPHIBIA Order/Family Scientific Name Common Name VPC Category ( Comments

Caudata/ Ambystoma mexicanum Axolotl 4/New category Ambystomatida not given e Caudata/ Andrias japonicus Salamander, Japanese; 2/Serious, A Cryptobranchida Giant Salamander e Anura/ Bufo marinus Toad, Cane; Giant Toad 1/Extreme Bufonidae Caudata/ Cynops pyrrhogaster Newt, Japanese; Red- 2/Serious, A Salamandridae bellied Newt; Japanese Fire-bellied Newt Anura/ Dendrobates auratus Frog, Green Poison; Not Dendrobatidae Green-and-black Poison listed/Extreme Frog Anura/ Dendrobates tinctorius Frog, Dyeing Poison-arrow 2/Serious Dendrobatidae Anura/ Philautus romeri Frog, Romer’s Tree; 2/Serious, A Rhacophoridae Romer's Bubble-nest Frog Anura/ Ranidae Pyxicephalus adspersus Frog, African Bull; Giant 2/Serious Previous genus Rana Bull Frog Caudata/ Taricha granulosa Newt, Rough-skinned Not Salamandridae listed/Extreme Caudata/ Triturus cristatus Newt, Warty; Crested Newt 2/Serious, A Salamandridae Caudata/ Triturus vulgaris Newt, Smooth; Common 2/Serious, A Salamandridae Newt Anura/ Pipidae Xenopus laevis Frog, African Clawed 2/Serious, A

CURRENT VPC THREAT CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes, # - threat category reviewed and endorsed by VPC EARLIER VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread