Upscaling Climate Resilience Measures in the Dry Corridor Agroecosystems of El Salvador (Reclima)
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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS UPSCALING CLIMATE RESILIENCE MEASURES IN THE DRY CORRIDOR AGROECOSYSTEMS OF EL SALVADOR (RECLIMA) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK EL SALVADOR FEBRUARY, 2018 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 4 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 5 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 6 2.1. Project Objective and Components ................................................................................... 6 2.2. Implementing Areas .......................................................................................................... 8 2.3. Eligibility Criteria for Sites ...............................................................................................13 2.4. Implementation Arrangements .......................................................................................14 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC BASELINE CONDITIONS ................................. 17 3.1. Environmental Aspects ....................................................................................................17 3.2. Socioeconomic Aspects ...................................................................................................30 4. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................... 34 4.1. Relevant Public Policies ...................................................................................................34 4.2. Applicable Legal Framework ...........................................................................................34 5. APPLICABLE SAFEGUARDS POLICIES .............................................................................. 36 5.1. FAO Applicable Safeguards .............................................................................................37 5.2. Green Climate Fund Safeguards ......................................................................................38 6. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ...................................................................................... 39 6.1. Stakeholder Identification ...............................................................................................39 6.2. Stakeholder Engagement ................................................................................................40 6.3. Consultation process with Indigenous peoples ...............................................................42 6.4. Gender Analysis ...............................................................................................................42 6.5. Disclosure ........................................................................................................................42 6.6. Grievance Redress Mechanism .......................................................................................43 7. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES PLANNING FRAMEWORK ........................................................... 46 7.1. Indigenous Peoples in El Salvador ...................................................................................46 7.2. Project and Policies for Indigenous Peoples ....................................................................47 7.3. Free, Prior and Informed Consent Process ......................................................................49 8. BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK ................................................................ 69 8.1. Objectives and biodiversity approach .............................................................................69 8.2. Biodiversity characterization ...........................................................................................71 8.3. Potential impacts and mitigation measures ...................................................................99 9. MONITORING AND REPORTING .................................................................................. 103 9.1. Definition of Sub-Activities ............................................................................................103 9.2. Environmental and Social Risk Screening of Sub-Activities ...........................................103 2 9.3. Environmental and Social Risk Management ...............................................................104 List of Annexes Annex 1 : ESMF Workplan ................................................................................................................110 Annex 2: Exclusion List .....................................................................................................................114 Annex 3: Consultations with Stakeholders ......................................................................................115 Annex 4: FAO Guidance Document for Pest and Pesticide Management in Field Projects ............135 Annex 5. FAO Environmental and Social Screening Checklist ..........................................................139 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The proposed project supports the Government of El Salvador to strengthen the climate resilience of small farmers, with a focus on the needs of women farmers, located in the municipalities of the dry corridor. The project is aligned with the Government’s key development goals and climate change plan, and is anchored in its Nationally Determined Contribution that aims to establish sustainable landscapes resilient to climate change on one million hectares. The project was designed through extensive stakeholder consultation, including with civil society and farmer’s groups in the targeted regions of the county; and the NDA has issued a no-objection letter. The Environmental and Social Management Framework is the tool to guide the identification and management of potential negative environmental and social impacts of proposed projects and serve as a platform for consultations with stakeholders and potential project beneficiaries. The ESMF has been prepared in compliance with FAO Environmental and Social Management Guidelines and considering the GCF´s Environmental and Social Safeguards. Section 3 includes a description of project components based on the 6 landscapes, as well as an overview of the socioeconomic conditions in the area of implementation. The legal and institutional framework of the ESMF is described in section 4. The applicable Environmental and Social Safeguards of the project RECLIMA are explained in section section 5. Stakeholder engagement related information, including the identification and consultation of stakeholders, disclosure and grievance mechanism is described in section 6. The Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework and the Biodiversity Management Framework are described in sections 7 and 8 respectively, and arrangements for monitoring and reporting is included in section 9. 4 1. INTRODUCTION The project supports the national efforts to strengthen farmers’ resilience to face risks of increasing temperatures, erratic rainfall, and extreme events, including recurrent drought, attributable to climate change. GCF grant resources, in conjunction with government co-financing, will invest in innovative agro-ecosystem models for landscape management, climate information services and improved climate change governance. The objective of the project is to improve livelihood resilience to climate change for the vulnerable population of El Salvador’s dry corridor and reduce GHG emissions through the establishment of innovative sustainable agro-ecosystem landscape management. The primary measurable benefits include 225,000 direct beneficiaries, from 50,000 family farmers, of whom 85,500 are women and 20,500 indigenous people. Direct beneficiaries will be more resilient to climate change through the implementation of agro-ecological productive models. The project will also indirectly benefit 1,064,618 people through the implementation of agro- ecosystem landscape management models (Total beneficiaries 1,289,618). Restoration/reforestation activities will be implemented in 17,333 hectares of forest to promote the maintenance of key ecosystem services. The project actions will sequester 4,216,835 tCO2-eq. The project is aligned with the Government’s key development goals and climate change plan, and is anchored in its Nationally Determined Contribution that aims to establish sustainable landscapes resilient to climate change on one million hectares. The project promotes a paradigm shift through its integrated approach to landscape management for highly vulnerable small rural farmers. The project yields sustainable development benefits of enhanced agricultural productivity, improved soil quality, improved food security, reliable access to drinking water and improved rural livelihoods. GCF grant resources catalyze the allocation of government resources toward this agro-ecosystem management approach. The Environmental and Social Management Framework ensures that environmental and social management is integrated into the development cycle of individual subprojects. Since exact sub- activities are not determined at the onset of project, but will be decided during project implementation based on demand and consultations with the concerned communities, the ESMF is the appropriate instrument under the FAO´s Environmental and Social Safeguards Policy. The ESMF is intended to serve as a practical tool to guide identification and mitigation