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Ostrea Angasi) Farming Industry in New South Wales

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Ostrea Angasi) Farming Industry in New South Wales Paving the way for continued rapid development of the flat (angasi) oyster (Ostrea angasi) farming industry in New South Wales Mike Heasman1, Ben K. Diggles2, David Hurwood3, Peter Mather3, Igor Pirozzi1 and Symon Dworjanyn1 1NSW Fisheries Port Stephens Fisheries Centre Private Bag 1 Nelson Bay NSW 2315 2NIWA Australia Pty Ltd PO Box 359 Wilston Qld 4051 3School of Natural Resource Sciences Queensland University of Technology GPO Box 2434 Brisbane Qld 4001 Final Report to the Department of Transport & Regional Services Project No. NT002/0195 June 2004 NSW Fisheries Final Report Series No. 66 ISSN 1440-3544 Paving the way for continued rapid development of the flat (angasi) oyster (Ostrea angasi) farming industry in New South Wales Mike Heasman1, Ben K. Diggles2, David Hurwood3, Peter Mather3, Igor Pirozzi1 and Symon Dworjanyn1 1NSW Fisheries Port Stephens Fisheries Centre Private Bag 1 Nelson Bay NSW 2315 2NIWA Australia Pty Ltd PO Box 359 Wilston Qld 4051 3School of Natural Resource Sciences Queensland University of Technology GPO Box 2434 Brisbane Qld 4001 Final Report to the Department of Transport & Regional Services Project No. NT002/0195 June 2004 NSW Fisheries Final Report Series No.66 ISSN 1440-3544 Paving the way for continued rapid development of the flat (angasi) oyster (Ostrea angasi) farming in NSW June 2004 Authors: Michael P. Heasman, Ben K. Diggles, David Hurwood and Peter Mather, Igor Pirozzi and Symon Dworjanyn Published By: NSW Fisheries Postal Address: Private Bag 1, Nelson Bay NSW 2315 Internet: www.fisheries.nsw.gov.au NSW Fisheries and the Department of Transport & Regional Services This work is copyright. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this reproduction may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owners. Neither may information be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission. DISCLAIMER The publishers do not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions. The publishers do not accept any form of liability, be it contractual, tortuous or otherwise, for the contents of this report for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed on it. The information, opinions and advice contained in this report may not relate to, or be relevant to, a reader’s particular circumstance. ISSN 1440-3544 Table of Contents i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................................................................I LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES .....................................................................................................................................I LIST OF PLATES .......................................................................................................................................................... II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................................................III NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................IV 1. BACKGROUND AND NEED..................................................................................................................... 5 2. OBJECTIVES......................................................................................................................................... 6 3. METHODS............................................................................................................................................. 7 3.1. Field survey and sampling of wild O. angasi in southern NSW............................................... 7 3.2. Disease survey of wild O. angasi in southern NSW................................................................. 9 3.3. Genetics survey of wild O. angasi.......................................................................................... 10 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................................................................................................................. 11 4.1. Disease survey of wild O. angasi in southern NSW............................................................... 11 4.2. Genetics survey of wild O. angasi.......................................................................................... 16 5. KEY FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................... 19 5.1. Disease survey of wild O. Angasi in southern NSW .............................................................. 19 5.2. Genetics survey of wild O. angasi.......................................................................................... 19 5.3. Implications of findings for industry ...................................................................................... 20 6. REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................... 21 7. APPENDICES....................................................................................................................................... 23 7.1. Five surveyed collection sites on the south coast of NSW ..................................................... 23 7.2. Parasites and lesions observed in O. angasi from NSW......................................................... 23 7.3. Parasites and lesions observed in O. angasi from NSW......................................................... 29 LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES Table 1. Sample locations..........................................................................................................................8 Figure 1. Location map. ..............................................................................................................................9 Table 2. Prevalence of parasites and lesions from histopathological examination of 474 O. angasi from all sites in southern NSW..................................................................................................12 Table 3. Mean intensity of parasites and lesions from histopathological examination of 474 O. angasi from all sites in southern NSW. .....................................................................................13 Figure 2. A network displaying the relationship between haplotypes. Lines represent single base pair differences and the size of the circles represents the relative abundance of each haplotype in the sample ..............................................................................................................................16 Figure 3. Neighbouring joining tree showing relationship among O. angasi COI data from this study and other congenerics.. ..............................................................................................................17 Figure 4. Neighbouring joining tree showing relationship among O. angasi 16s data and other congenerics.. ..............................................................................................................................18 Heasman et al. Flat Oyster Final Report ii List of Plates LIST OF PLATES Plate 1. A focal area of haemocytosis in the gills of an oyster from Merimbula infected with Bonamia-like microcells. H&E, 100x magnification. ............................................................... 29 Plate 2. Numerous Bonamia-like microcells (arrows) within a focal area of haemocytosis in the gills of an oyster from Merimbula. H&E, 1000x magnification. .............................................. 29 Plate 3. A single Bonamia- like microcell (arrow) in the vesicular connective tissue of a lightly infected oyster from Merimbula. H&E, 1000x magnification................................................... 30 Plate 4. Gills of an oyster from Narooma with 4 Bonamia- like microcells (arrows) evident adjacent to a focal area of haemocytosis. H&E. 1000x magnification. ................................................... 30 Plate 5. Two nurse cells (arrows) in the digestive gland epithelium of an oyster from Narooma. The cells contain two and three daughter cells of an unidentified Marteilia sp. H&E 1000x magnification............................................................................................................................. 31 Plate 6. Three adjacent nurse cells (arrows) containing up to 5 Marteilia sp. daughter cells. H&E, 1000x magnification.................................................................................................................. 31 Plate 7. A sporangiosaurus-like structure in the digestive gland epithelium containing at least 5 spore-like bodies (arrows). Adjacent cells are also infected. H&E, 1000x magnification........ 32 Plate 8. Zeihl Neelsen stain of a sporangiosaurus-like structure showing the spore-like bodies to be acid fast (arrows). ZN stain, 1250x magnification. ................................................................... 32 Plate 9. Basophilic chlamydiales-like inclusions (arrows) in the digestive gland epithelium of an oyster from Pambula. The lines through the inclusions are probably due to bacteriophage infection. H&E, 200x magnification. ........................................................................................ 33 Plate 10. Focal lysis and necrosis (arrows) of the epithelium of a digestive gland tubule in an oyster from Pambula. H&E, 200x magnification................................................................................
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