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Home , Bill Persky, Election Night (Veep), Salvadoran Army

April 5, 1984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8261 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS OUR CHOICE: NATIONAL POWER In Lebanon in 1958, and off Cuba in 1962, once decimated, is building anew. Our econ­ OR PARALYSIS we had the will power to stand tough. omy is improving, and people are going back Proper use of diplomacy, fused with mili­ to work. But most importantly, Americans tary power, stemmed each crisis. But would are again feeling good about themselves and HON. FLOYD SPENCE a belligerent Nation believe us today? Could this great Nation. OF SOUTH CAROLINA we take quick action and keep peace? Some Still, some symptoms of that era of defeat IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES students of Government sincerely doubt it. remain, causing us to falter a bit as we step They say-at best, any similar action by a forward. I see some symptoms remaining in Thursday, April 5, 1984 President today would cause full-scale areas close to my daily experience, as uni­ e Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, last debate, not only in Congress, but by arm­ formed head of our Navy, and member of week, on Wednesday, March 28, the chair strategists as well, thereby dulling our the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Chief of Naval Operations, Adm. reaction ti.me. Our resolve would be doubt­ Case in point-recently in Lebanon, we ex­ ed. Or at worst, we would fail to use military ecuted a mission called "Presence." Pres­ Jam.es D. Watkins, delivered a memo­ power effectively to carry out a mission of ence is supposed to signal our interest in an rable address to the Baltimore Council great urgency. area or a situation. But this signal was on Foreign Affairs. In remarks as Why? Because something about us has weakened by time limitations imposed timely as any I have read in a long changed they say; a metamorphosis oc­ under the War Powers Resolution. This in­ time, Admiral Watkins examines the curred between the 1950s and the early fluenced our military mission in Lebanon, position in which our Nation presently 1980s. Over the past 30 years, we have all and hampered our President from carrying finds itself when called upon to re­ seen symptoms of this change. out national objectives in a well-planned spond to an international crisis and First, there was Korea, then the pain of manner. Vietnam. Later, we saw fellow citizens taken Now all we hear is the presto-pundits, concludes that we have serious prob­ prisoner and humiliated in Iran, and a daily coming out with their analysis of our mili­ lems in presenting to the rest of the parade of media criticism which made it tary presence in Lebanon. You lost they say; world a clear or convincing image of sound like we couldn't do anything right. you retreated they proclaim; all this with an our goals and commitments. There were plenty of symptoms of what ap­ "I told you so" tone of glee in their voice. Admiral Watkins has rendered a peared to be a terminal case of spirit loss. But while the man in uniform is easy to great public service in highlighting Vietnam, more than any other single identify at the scene of the action, it is some of the difficulties we face in pro­ event, epitomized this change in America. unfair to pin blame on his lapel without jecting military power to influence the The images of this conflict, from Kent State looking at underlying causes. to Khe Sanh, flashed upon our TV screens So how can this Nation best use her mili­ course of international events. His ob­ each night and nauseated this country. We tary forces? By allowing the President to ex­ servations are mandatory reading for wondered what we were doing in that mess. ercise his constitutional powers, and then all serious students of foreign and For us in the military, Vietnam was a con­ holding him accountable for his actions; not military affairs. They deserve the fusing and ever-changing maze of rules of by preempting his proper action by remov­ most careful consideration of our col­ engagement and policy. The Vietnam con­ ing his powers. leagues and I am pleased to include at flict-which I don't even call a war because We can do this by curing the few remain­ this point in the RECORD the full text we lacked a national commitment to win­ ing symptoms of our past weaknesses. We of his remarks to the Baltimore Coun­ was like an exercise in how to fight by must shirk off the Vietnam syndrome of hu­ public opinion poll. miliation and defeat, which hounds our ca­ cil on Foreign Affairs: I can remember the ti.me, when I was ex­ pability to implement positive change. I be­ OUR CHOICE: NATIONAL POWER OR PARALYSIS ecutive officer of the cruiser U.S.S. Long lieve a good way to start is for Congress to Let me take you back twenty-five years to Beach, that we had to self-destruct one of carefully review the War Powers Resolution 1958, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower our missiles aimed and fired at a North Viet­ of 1973. told a tense Nation he was sending 5,000 namese MIG aircraft, retiring back to Hanoi Much has happened over the past ten Marines into Lebanon. Their mission-to after raiding our forces in the South, be­ years. Perhaps now it is time to factor in preserve peace in the Middle East. His steps cause predicted missile intercept was slight­ the lessons we learned. Reviewing the War were tough, courageous and successful. ly north of a certain Vietnamese parallel­ Powers Resolution could help us develop Peace was preserved without firing a single an arbitrary political restriction. During the better ways to meet the needs of a dynamic, shot. Vietnam conflict, political considerations effective foreign policy. Heresy? I do not be­ Just four years later, on the evening of here at home often dictated military oper­ lieve so. October twenty-second, 1962, President ations to a debilitating extent. I am not a constitutional scholar, and John F. Kennedy told us that the Soviets So a creeping national malaise began to must judge this resolution's effects through were preparing to introduce offensive, nu­ infect this Nation's spirit, drive and determi­ my experience as a military leader. For this clear-tipped missiles into our hemisphere. nation. Many individuals have questioned reason, I believe that while the intent of That was the beginning of a be­ our self-worth, doubted our dignity, and this legislation is good, the result is not as tween this Nation and the Soviet Union­ with that, every American value we had clear. the Cuban missile crisis. Again, an American always nourished and cherished. Some have This resolution was born out of controver­ President took quick steps to turn a crisis rejected principles which worked for us in sy, fathered by an uneasy Congress over the around, including the provocative step of the past, which helped to make us great. veto of a politically-wounded President. It implementing a strict naval quarantine on Rejected too was an important principle, directs a President to consult whenever pos­ all offensive military equipment under ship­ one which had worked for us from our very sible with Congress prior to introduction of ment to Cuba. beginnings. This was the principle which al­ U.S. forces into any hostilities or situations These actions were summarized by Presi­ lowed a President to use military force judi­ where imminent hostilities are clearly indi­ dent Kennedy, not with a threat, but with a ciously in support of national policy and se­ cated; it requires a President to report to promise-"any hostile move anywhere in curity. Congress within 48 hours after the introduc­ the world against the safety and freedom of This basic principle of our Constitution tion of U.S. Armed Forces into those situa­ peoples to whom we are committed . . . will was clouded by passage of the War Powers tions; and to terminate the use of Armed be met by whatever action is needed." Resolution of 1973. This resolution was Forces in hostilities, or situations of immi­ And again, aggressors understood the mes­ caused by a long queue of events-starting nent hostilities, within 60 days. When sage. It was clear-we were standing ready with a hotly-contested, much-debated, bound by this resolution, the only alterna­ to defend our national interests. They "police action" in Korea-and culminating tives then available are: Congress subse­ backed down and dismantled their missile in the Vietnam experience. quently declares war, extends the 60-day sites in Cuba. Peace was preserved without But today, America has changed. We are time period or authorizes use of force as the firing a single shot. on the move again. Our military strength, President feels necessary . . . alternatives

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member ·on the floor. 8262 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 5, 1984 announced to the adversary for him to ma­ more convincing threat had I made it on tary-which are part of this Nation's coher­ nipulate by counter-political strategies. any other day. For that very day the Con­ ent national strategy of defense. Proponents of this resolution say it is part gress passed the so-called War Powers Act, The President has brought together all of a valid congressional movement, designed whose purpose was to reduce Presidential underpinnings of a national strategy. Now it to "create machinery for timely consulta­ discretion in committing American military is up to this Nation to let the President use tion and codetermination of national forces." the tools at his disposal. All our resurgent policy." This is a worthy goal, and I fully Domestically, this resolution is cited often military strength or diplomatic undertak­ support the value of consultation between by those who disagree with the President ings will be of no use, if our national leaders our executive and legislative branches. for the sake of political posturing. They do not have the freedom to act in accord­ Although drafted to limit what was seen challenge his decisions in the media, with­ ance with constitutional powers. As a as limitless powers of an imperial Presiden­ out either knowing the stakes at hand or nation, we have not done everything we can cy-an answer to "no more Koreas" and "no producing viable alternatives. We see debate to ensure our leaders have the freedom to more Vietnams"-the resolution's ability to for political reasons, when we should see act with strength. So, we must clear the keep us out of future Vietnams is question­ debate for policy formulation. The result? decks of Vietnam-era debris- we must allow able. Some forget Vietnam, in its early Unfocused micromanagement of foreign our leaders to lead. stages, was a veritable cause celebre. commitments, well beyond a time when To paraphrase William Pitt's advice to The Gulf of Tonkin resolution, which policy should be fully implemented. Deci­ Great Britain in an hour of peril, America committed us to Vietnam, passed in Con­ sionmaking, and our security, is not en­ can save herself by her own exertions and gress by an overwhelming margin of 504 to hanced in the process. Worse, those who help save the rest of the world by her exam­ 2. And it wasn't until the TET offensive, interfere in this manner are seldom held ac­ ple. Now, let's set the example-it's the four years later-long after we were deeply countable when failures occur. right thing to do. Our historic mission of committed-that bipartisan support of Viet­ Overseas, the international press focuses preserving peace and freedom requires no nam began to erode on Capitol Hill. on what appears to be disunity and a lack of less. The war powers resolution has had a !ar­ national will. Our friends and allies do not Thank you and God bless.e ranging impact on our President's ability to understand this process, and believe our exercise, and to implement, foreign policy in commitments have a hollow ring. Our foes the world's trouble spots. His ability to act take hope and increase their resolve, wait­ WILLIAM "GUMMY" KNIGHT, decisively and effectively is hobbled because ing out partisan debate, hoping to win po­ MAYOR AND "MR. MUNHALL" the military arrow in his quiver of re­ litically what they cannot win militarily. sponses, the most effective symbol of re­ This is dangerous, for when our intentions solve in executing a strong American for­ and capabilities are questioned, so is our HON.JOSEPHM.GAYDOS eign policy, has been blunted. ability to prevail if directly challenged. And OF PENNSYLVANIA This is not to say military solutions are when this is lost, deterrence-the founda­ the best or only solutions available to this tion of our national strategy and what has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Nation. I have never proclaimed employ­ helped avoid global conflict for about forty Thursday, April 5, 1984 ment of military power as an option, except years-is placed in jeopardy. as a last resort. Military options are no pan­ I am not speaking out against consulta­ •Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, as all of acea, and should never substitute for aggres­ tion between executive and legislative us in the House are painfully aware, sive diplomatic efforts or other measures to branches. Indeed, an effective national politics is not the most popular of pro­ implement national policy and strategy, policy must be bipartisan in nature, the fessions today. It is particularly true But many of these "other" measures are craft of able-thinking men and women for those politicians who serve commu­ severely curtailed by legislation limiting for­ throughout Government. I am not speaking nities or areas which have been rav­ eign sales, educational exchanges, and effec­ out against Congress' established constitu­ aged by the economic recession and tively vetoing military and economic assist­ tional role in foreign policy and military op­ ance through the budget process. Because erations. I support Congress' ability, plagued by sustained high unemploy­ of this, successive administrations have been through the normal legislative process, to ment. forced to turn reluctantly to military force, qualify our participation in hostilities. How­ And, yet, in spite of such adversity, I or the threat of military force. This is some­ ever, special legislation was not needed to know a politician so popular among times the easiest, and only, option left to require consultation or to enforce Congress' his constituents that on Sunday, May them. already-established powers. 6, some 700 of them will turn out for a This Nation uses military force to prevent What is needed is not a constitutional testimonial in his honor. escalation of conflict, to force a diplomatic power-sharing debate, not political maneu­ The man is William S. "Gummy" settlement. In other words, to keep peace verings required to avoid such debate, but a with the least possible loss of life. But to ac­ search. for a solution to the tough global Knight, a dean among Pennsylvania complish this objective, military force must problems we must face. politicians, having spent the past 42 be sufficient, sustainable and credible. It is This Nation must be ready, and must be years in public office, and still count­ up to our President, as Commander in seen as being ready, to use military power ing. Currently serving his 28th year as Chief, to use military power carefully in this when forced to do so by our adversaries. We mayor of his community, he has way. must shown American power-not American earned the title of "Mr. Munhall" and But military force, which is easy to call paralysis. wears it exceedingly well. upon-because we are ready to go on a mo­ I am not here to apologize for any past ac­ His reputation as a public servant is ment's notice-is difficult to use, particular­ tions, military or otherwise. I am proud of ly when there is no commitment to win. this Nation. I am proud of our Navy's capa­ such that he has been described as: Military missions quickly grab headlines, bility to carry out missions assigned to us by Honest, dependable, tolerant, under­ national will begins to falter, self-doubt and our President. Our actions in Grenada are standing, generous, a good citizen, self-criticism set in. an example of how well we can do when we friend, and father-a legend in his own What was thought to be the easiest solu­ act quickly with identifiable goals. There, time. tion to our problems suddenly becomes very the military was given a precise mission. Those are lofty adjectives but right difficult. Unfortunately, because of restric­ Your military forces today are good. Let on target. "Gummy" Knight is, tions, like the war powers resolution, we there be no doubt. I am proud of them and indeed, all of those and more. He also sometimes end up preventing our President their growing capabilities. If this Nation from effectively using the tool of military had not reacted, at what I consider to be a is dedicated, industrious, warm, unas­ force. critical turning point in early 1981, we suming, and extremely well liked in Henry Kissinger, in his definitive would be in a considerably weakened state Munhall and western Pennsylvania. memoir-Years of Upheaval-relates a story today. He began his career in public office about a tense moment during the October So in answer to whether or not we could as a member of the Munhall Borough 1973 war when he, as Secretary of State, take prompt action to stem crisis, as we Council, serving several terms before met with Soviet Ambassador Dobrynin. In a have in the past-I know the military capa­ settling into the mayor's office. In stiff warning, Secretary Kissinger told Do­ bility exists, and when directly challenged, 1968, he was elected president of the brynin, "any Soviet military intervention -regardless of pretext­ need to guarantee more. We need to prevent Pennsylvania Mayors Association, and would be met by American force." But par­ crisis from turning to war. This is no easy in 1971, assumed the same post with enthetically, Dr. Kissinger adds in his task, but it can be accomplished by early use the Allegheny County Boroughs Asso­ book-and I quote-"It would have been a of all tools-diplomatic, economic and mill- ciation. April 5, 1984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8263 In 1978, his close friend and political changes exceed the total benefit re­ Edwin L. Dale Jr.• a spokesman for the ally, State Representative Don Abra­ ductions" for all but the poorest Office of Management and Budget, said ham, was killed in a tragic automobile households. I simply cannot see the today that he had not seen the latest report. It was unfair for Democrats to criti­ accident; Mayor Knight stepped in to justification for the policies of the cize the President, he said, because many of fill the gap. He served the remaining Reagan administration that continue the biggest tax and budget changes were part of Mr. Abraham's term and went to drain assistance from our Nation's adopted with bipartisan support. The Office on to win reelection. He served both as neediest. of Management and Budget has not done its mayor and State representative over a The articles follow: own studies to determine how the changes 3-year period and in spite of the awe­ [From the New York Times, Apr. 4, 19841 affected people at different income levels, some responsibilities of the two of­ BUDGET STUDY FINDS CUTS COST THE POOR AS he said. fices, he served well. THE RICH GAINED A MAJOR FACTOR IN DEFICIT He took with him to Harrisburg the

31-059 0-87-32 (Pt. 6) 8270 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 5, 1984 nancial penalty associated with dis­ motion a national effort to explore We are very vulnerable. The Iran- criminatory policies. and drill for more domestic sources of and hostilities in Lebanon demonstrate the Denying pension accruals for work natural gas and oil in addition to de­ continuing danger of a cutoff of Mideastern after age 65 is a significant deterent to veloping other sources of energy, par­ supplies. In addition, the Organization of employment. According to Labor De­ ticularly renewables and encouraging Petroleum Exporting Countries controls partment estimates, if age discrimina­ conservation efforts by all Americans. three-fourths of the free world's known oil reserves. Drivers waited in gasoline lines in tion in pension accruals were abol­ We have, as a nation, made great 1973 and 1979 because of a shortfall of only ished, as my bill would do, by the year progress since the time of the first a few hundred thousand barrels of oil per 2000 more than 68,000 older workers Arab oil embargo. day. would remain employed who would Unfortunately, I fear we as policy­ Finally, our vulnerability is increasing. otherwise have retired prematurely makers are being lulled into a false Proved reserves of crude oil and natural gas and would have begun drawing social sense of energy security and worse, in the United States dropped by about one­ security and other retirement benefits. many of my colleagues are falling prey third during the 1970s. Each year, the U.S. When older workers retire early be­ to the populist pressures of the envi­ uses more domestic oil and natural gas than cause of discrimination, it represents a ronmentalist's argument which op­ it finds. We will have to find 32 billion bar­ rels of domestic crude oil over the next 10 net loss to the Nation's productivity, poses any leasing on the Outer Conti­ years, just to replace what we are using. to State and Federal revenues and to nental Shelf. That volume is more than today's proved re­ social security contributions. The The only obvious result of this serves. Social Security Administration esti­ shortsighted thinking is to place us If the risks to our national energy supply mates that denying pension accruals back in a position of being held hos­ are so great, can't we do something to lessen to older workers results in a net loss­ tage to foreign oil supplies. This is that? We can. And the answer is obvious­ due to earlier retirements-to the most unfortunate when an obvious al­ less dependency on foreign sources. But are social security trust funds of $1.3 bil­ ternative is available. I encourage my there enough potential undiscovered domes­ lion annually by the year 2000 and colleagues in the interest of strength­ tic reserves of oil and gas to make a real dif­ $3.5 billion by 2020-in 1983 dollars. ening national security to forego the ference? The answer is an unqualified yes. rhetoric and propaganda of those op­ And the greatest promise is in our offshore. The losses in State and Federal reve­ Shell's best estimates show that about 60 nues and lost productivity are many posed to OCS leasing and exercise the percent of future oil discoveries and about times these figures. alternative of efficient development of 35 percent of future natural gas discoveries It is time that this Congress address­ the Outer Continental Shelf. The will come from the outer continental shelf es the conflicting messages we are OCS, according to the U.S. Geological of Alaska and the lower 48. Only 12 percent sending to our older workers. On the Service and Minerals Management of all domestic crude oil and 27 percent of one hand, we fight against mandatory Services, has been determined to con­ our natural gas comes from offshore now. retirement because older workers are tain 26 billion barrels of recoverable LACK OF DEVELOPMENT healthy and capable of a continued oil. This supply would certainly go a The lack of development of U.S. offshore contribution to this Nation. But, de­ long way toward displacing our daily resources has been due to a piecemeal ap­ spite our proclaimed support for the OPEC import level of 700,000 barrels proach to offshore leasing until recently. In virtues of older workers we have ig­ of oil. 1978 Congress mandated that the U.S. accel­ nored the blatant discrimination in Activity on the Outer Continental erate, in an orderly manner, the offering of pension accruals they face if they wish Shelf has an excellent safety and envi­ the OCS for petroleum exploration and pro­ ronmental record. Over $250 million duction. A new five-year leasing program to work past age 65. was initiated in 1982 to inventory the OCS The bill I am introducing today will has been spent on insuring the safe, and accomplish the objective set by Con­ rectify this inequity and send a clear efficient, and timely development of gress. message to the older workers of Amer­ OCS resources. Toward this end, I I've given you the reasons for my concern ica that we truly value their contribu­ commend to the attention of my col­ over our energy supply situation and why tion and support their full participa­ leagues the following article by John the offshore holds the greatest promise to tion in the labor force for which they Threet, vice president of Shell Oil Co. reduce the risks we face. But amazingly, the will be compensated without regard to The text of the article is as follows: nation may not benefit from this great their age.e OCS MORATORIUMS HARM NATION'S BEST promise. ENERGY HOPE The U.S. Congress should be moving toward increased independence from im­ Today, I want to tell you that the risk of a ported oil. It is not. OCS MORATORIUMS HARM reappearance of the severe energy shortages Apparently, some congressmen from NATION'S BEST ENERGY HOPE of the 1970s in Boston and the rest of the coastal states are responding to understand­ country is real. I want to give you my rea­ able but unjustified fears of constituents. sons for that blunt statement and to let you Their constituents are unaware of the off­ HON. JACK FIELDS know history does not have to repeat itself. OF TEXAS shore environmental record, of the compat­ First, my reasons for concern: ibility of offshore petroleum operations IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES America will continue to depend on oil with the fishing industry and of the dangers Thursday, April 5, 1984 and natural gas for most of its energy for of increased dependence on oil imports. decades to come. Today, about 69 percent of Other congressmen-from inland states, e Mr. FIELDS. Mr. Speaker, as one the energy we use comes from crude oil and for example-see no link between offshore who has consistently support efforts natural gas, 22 percent from coal, 5 percent drilling and their constituents' interests, de­ to improve our national defense and from hydroelectric power, 4 percent from spite the national need for energy. Still national security through greater do­ nuclear power and less than 1 percent from other congressmen respond to extremists mestic energy independence, I remain solar and other renewable sources. Fore­ who want a no-risk, no-growth society, disre­ casts by industry and other experts predict garding whether such an elitist goal is in most concerned about the prospects of these shares will change only slowly. another moratorium being imposed on the national interest. About one-third of this country's oil sup­ Then there are some congressmen who the Outer Continental Shelf. plies, more than 5 million barrels a day, now accept the position of offshore drilling op­ I find it surprising that so many of come from foreign sources-the same per­ ponents without demanding reasonable al­ my colleagues have, of late, been suf­ centage as in the 1973 crisis. ternatives for replacing the energy that fering from a tremendous loss of Oil imports have begun to rise again. As would result from offshore leasing. These memory. It was not so long ago when the economy improves and the demand for opponents' goal is to avoid any environmen­ we were all waiting in lines at the gas energy rises, so will oil imports. That in­ tal risk at any cost, letting others worry creases our risk of oil supply disruptions about energy. station because the Arabs had once and severely damages our economy. Eighty again embargoed oil imports to this percent of last year's U.S. trade deficit of GOOD RECORD country. And 1979 was not the first almost $70 billion was represented by the But the dangers from offshore drilling time. The embargo of 1973 set in cost of imported oil. and production are far more "perceived" April 5, 1984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8271 than "real", as the petroleum industry's of­ progress on the problem of the Salva­ heavy political pressure, including the Bush shore record clearly shows. doran death squads suffered another mission. A year later however, Salvador is Industry's performance is well-document­ setback the other day, when a key wit­ releasing witnesses, and the administration ed. Briefly, since offshore oil and gas oper­ is asking for new emergency aid. ations began, over 30,000 wells have been ness to the murder of two Americans, How can this be? Why should Ronald drilled in state and federal waters off our Capt. Eduardo Alfonso Avila, was re­ Reagan not tell the new Salvadoran presi­ coasts, producing more than 10 billion bar­ leased from custody without having dent that one matter must be disposed of rels of oil and nearly 72 trillion cubic feet of provided any information on the before any other can be addressed. Such an natural gas. crime. unambiguous presidential commitment The 1969 Santa Barbara Channel spill is While there has been a reduction in would be something new. It is disgusting the only major spill from these operations activity recently, the that the Salvadorans are getting away with in which significant amounts of oil reached Avila case shows how hard it is to their pretense of pursuing the murderers shore. And scientific studies show that no make any meaningful progress in actu­ while everyone knows they are doing noth­ lasting environmental damage resulted. ing. Ronald Reagan was supposed to be the That's an outstanding record. Moreover, ally dismantling the death squad kind of president-at least so he said-who offshore operations in federal waters are structure. Little progress has been wouldn't put up with this sort of thing.e highly regulated and are constantly moni­ made on this front, which means that tored by government agencies, as they the structure is still there, ready to be should be. Coupled with this is the recogni­ activated the next time the Salvador­ UNDERSTANDING THE VOICE OF tion by the industry that it does not and an right wing fears further progress in AMERICA cannot conduct its offshore operations in a negotiations or reforms. vacuum. It must coexist with and cooperate In a recent editorial, the Washing­ with federal and state governments and HON. DON RITI'ER with the fishermen who share the offshore ton Post rightly asks why President waters. Reagan is putting up with the absence OF PENNSYLVANIA In spite of these facts, opponents of off­ of progress in this area, why he is up IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES shore leasing are trying to block or slow here asking for emergency aid when Thursday, April 5, 1984 such development through litigation and everyone knows that the Salvadorans congressional action. Unfortunately, Con­ are doing nothing about the murders •Mr. RITTER. Mr. Speaker, I am en­ gress has repeatedly acceded to their de­ of Americans-to say nothing of the closing a copy of a recent interview mands. murders of 40,000 Salvadorans. with VOA Director Ken Tomlinson, LEASE MORATORIUMS It is a good question, and one that I that was published in the February 4, Moratoriums have been imposed on mil­ hope we in Congress will be asking 1984, issue of Human Events and I am lions of offshore acres believed to be high in ourselves as we consider the adminis­ requesting that it be reprinted in the oil and natural gas potential. And those tration's requests. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. moratoriums have been put in place without The editorial follows: I have always been a strong support­ the benefit of open discussion either in the congressional committees with offshore [From the Washington Post, Apr. 3, 19841 er of the VOA and believe that they leasing oversight responsibilities or on the A WITNESS GOES FREE could be far more effective if given the floors of Congress. The key witness to the murder of two necessary equipment and support. The Instead, the moratoriums have been at­ American land reform advisers in El Salva­ enclosed interview illustrates the con­ tached to Interior Department yearly ap­ dor in 1981 escaped the coils of the law the stant struggle the VOA encounters in propriations bills. In fiscal year 1984, 53 mil­ other day. He had been detained on an un­ getting the news and information out lion offshore acres were placed off limits related minor charge right after George to the world. In fact, I think it is a through this side-door mechanism. That's Bush came to put some heat on the Salva­ crying shame that too few dollars are 13 million acres more than all the OCS acre­ doran government on the matter of the des­ appropriated to the VOA by Congress. age offered during the 1950s, 1960s and picable death squads. The two advisers, 1970s combined. along with the four American churchwomen Given the necessary resources, the Furthermore, those 53 million acres are murdered in 1980, have been, unsurpris­ VOA could be a major component of believed to contain oil and gas equivalent es­ ingly, high on the list of American concerns. our foreign policy. It is ironic that the timated to be nearly 15 billion barrels of It looked, last December, as though the vice Soviets spend more money jamming oil-almost four times the amount of oil in president's prompting could make a differ­ our broadcasts than the entire budget America's emergency storage reserve. And ence. But now the man Americans believe of the VOA. Yet under the director­ every year that amount of petroleum is helped plan the 1981 killings, meeting with ship of Ken Tomlinson, I believe the withheld, the cost to the U.S. economy is es­ one gunman minutes before the crime and Voice has made significant strides in timated to be more than $1.5 billion. lending a windbreaker to conceal the We are continually concerned that a pro­ murder weapon, is free. upgrading their programing and rais­ gram so vital to our energy future as the It's simple to understand the calculus at ing their respectability. Ken Tomlin­ OCS program will be made ineffective by work here. The armed forces-which shield, son is one person who deeply under­ these types of congressional actions. Con­ if they do not actually harbor, the killers in stands the importance that the Voice gress must act responsibly in these matters. the two American cases and in Salvadoran can have in directing objective news Otherwise, the risk of potential future oil cases beyond counting-tend to protect and information throughout the supply disruptions is increased. their own. The national tradition and the world. He and his able staff are to be We now have a new secretary of the inte­ practice of intimidation and bribery put rior, William Clark, who has announced his them effectively beyond civilian political or commended. intentions to work for a smoother OCS leas­ judicial control. The military sees the reluc­ I am hopeful that my colleagues will ing process within the framework of the tance even of most of President Reagan's read the enclosed interview and con­ present five-year leasing program. I hope critics to cut off El Salvador because of the sider the points raised in the discus­ the secretary will be successful in these ef­ death squads. It recalls that at crucial mo­ sion. forts so that our nation can look forward to ments the United States has flinched-as The interview follows: a more secure energy supply future.e when, for example, the White House over­ ruled Ambassador Deane Hinton's protests. WE'RE PuTTING THE VOICES OF AMERICA ON Stonewalling and token concessions on the THE VOICE OF AMERICA ANOTHER SETBACK FOR HUMAN part of the Salvadorans have ensured that Q. Mr. Tomlinson, a very basic question: RIGHTS IN EL SALVADOR none of those who killed the Americans has Why the Voice of America? Specifically, been brought to Justice. None. could you give us a little historical back­ Looking for a way to put heat on the Sal­ ground on the VOA and what its charter en­ HON. MICHAEL D. BARNES vadoran military, Congress last year with­ visioned as the purpose of the service? OF MARYLAND held some of the military aid it had voted, A. It's difficult for many Americans to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES conditioning full delivery on Salvadoran grasp what it is like to live and function in a Thursday, April 5, 1984 performance in the American cases. The ad­ totalitarian society, or even through much ministration then abandoned in practice the of the Third World in terms of gaining in­ e Mr. BARNES. Mr. Speaker, Vice fiction of the independence of the Salvador­ formation about what is really going on in President BusH's laudable effort to get an Judicial system, and began applying the world. 8272 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 5, 1984 We live in a media-saturated society, input into the Voice of America to the edito­ the world. RFE and RL are surrogate people get one or more newspapers a day, rial page. I think it's potentially hazardous radios, broadcasting as if Radio Liberty they subscribe to numerous periodicals, you to the Voice if our news and current affairs were inside the Soviet Union, or Radio Free have radio news during the day, television broadcasting is subject, for example, to Europe Polish service were in Poland. They in the morning and evening. But it's not like State Department policy constraints. It is are broadcasting to those countries primari­ that in major parts of the world and people this type of government involvement in our ly about what has happened in those coun­ depend on the Voice of America and a hand­ product that gave us periods of time when tries. ful of other Western broadcasters for access broadcasts about Solzhenitsyn were alleged Q. You mentioned Alexander Solzheni­ to the truth, access to what basically is hap­ to have been ordered off the Voice of Amer­ tsyn. He has been, at least until recently, a pening in the world. There's also the impor­ ica. It is this kind of policy-oriented think­ very strong critic of the programming of the tance of reaching the people even in strict ing that stops the flow of ideas and VOA, and I have here an extensive inter­ totalitarian societies. It's important for us thoughts that will make our broadcasting of view with him conducted, I think, in 1981. to be able to broadcast the truth to the significant meaning to the people of the I'd just like to read a few condensed ver­ people of the world. Where there is truth, world. sions of the charges that he made at that there is hope for a better tomorrow. There are many ramifications to this issue time. Voice of America went on the air during and it goes back to the law that governs He says, "Your radio broadcasts do not World War II. We said in our first broadcast VOA. What is meant when that law speaks give our people the spiritual help they that the news may be good from the stand­ of "balance"? I submit that balance does not need." And he goes on to say that they point of the United States-it may be bad­ lie somewhere between Washington and don't give them the information they need but we're going to broadcast the truth. Con­ Moscow. I submit that balance is within the to have about what's going on inside the gress enshrined that concept in the charter, American political spectrum-within the Soviet Union. in a Public Law in the 1970s, and we are re­ spectrum of Western values. Specifically, in regard to his book, Gulag quired at the Voice of America to give the When we say that our news should be Archipelago, he says, "What did the Voice news objectively and comprehensively. comprehensive, does that mean we should of America do? They went with the agree­ We are required to broadcast about Amer­ dwell on the negatives about this country? ment and forbade the reading of Gulag Ar­ ica and about its institutions; we are re­ Absolutely not. If we take a current affairs chipelago to . More than that, for quired to broadcast the views of the United look at the issue of unemployment in this several years it was forbidden to quote Sol­ States government and responsible opposi­ country, it should be in the context of the zhenitsyn on the Voice of America so as not tion positions. I have no problem with this world economic situation. We should expect to harm Communist propaganda. This concept because through ultimate profes­ the full story to be covered-and that in­ means my book was written for Russians, sionalism, through making sure that our cludes an indication of what economic millions of copies were read in the West, but news is balanced within the American politi­ system has produced a it should not be read in our motherland be­ cal spectrum, we're performing a service measure of prosperity for the people and cause otherwise the Voice of America would that I think the vast majority of Americans what economic system (i.e., socialism> has spoil relations with the Soviet Union." want us to perform. not achieved. But this can best be done by Would such a criticism still be accurate? One problem at the Voice of America in strict adherence to the truth-by calling the A. Heavens, no. I don't know the full de­ the past has been that we have not always plays as they occur in strict adherence to tails of what happened in the 1970s in terms recognized what is truly important about journalistic professionalism. of coverage of this most significant figure America and its institutions. Sometimes Q. So I take it that you would not go we've spent a lot of time broadcasting about along with those people who suggest that on the international and American scene, the splendor of the Rocky Mountains, or what is needed is greater government con­ but I can certainly say this: The words and the Great Lakes, or natural resources­ trol over broadcasts of the VOA. works of Alexander Solzhenitsyn are on the broadcasting about things instead of ideas. A. President Reagan has said on many oc­ Voice of America today. Coverage of events What makes this country different is ideas casions something to the effect that we involving him is on the Voice of America and concepts of freedom which have pro­ shouldn't tum to government to solve all today and will continue. To do otherwise duced this dynamic economic system un­ problems because too often government is violates that law that requires VOA to matched in the world. the problem. I think greater government engage in "comprehensive" coverage of the When I first went to the Voice of America, control of VOA broadcasts would be disas­ news. the leader of our African division happened trous. We have increased serious programming to mention that the two most frequently As I said, it was because of interference focusing on the most important events and asked questions in the tens of thousands of from elsewhere in government that people issues of the day. What is really happening letters we receive from Africa are: Why does at least perceived in the 1970s that it was in the Soviet Union? Afghanistan? What is the United States not have governmental not healthy to have Alexander Solzhenitsyn the situation with minorities in the coups, and why is the United States so eco­ on our Russian service. Now certainly, in U.S.S.R.? What about the problems of alco­ nomically prosperous? our editorials, we are required to convey the holism in the Soviet Union? Joumalistically If we answer those questions on the Voice policies of the United States. During the speaking, these are among the most signifi­ of America, we will have served a great pur­ Reagan Administration those editorials are cant stories in the world today. pose both for Americans and the people of going to be forceful in advocating the values I'm pleased to say that we've had an in­ the world. of the West. During another administration crease in religious broadcasting on the Voice Q. The charge has been made that the they might not be so hardline. But in news of America, including programs to the VOA has an ambiguous mandate and that and current affairs, if you start tailoring Soviet Union. Last Christmas we had the the staffing arrangement is somewhat schiz­ that programming to conform with narrow first worldwide broadcast, in English, of a ophrenic in that the VOA is staffed by polit­ policy considerations, you lose the spark of Christmas religious service. This past ical appointees like yourself, by career for­ a free flow of ideas that will enable VOA to Thanksgiving we had the first worldwide eign service officers and by professional inspire audiences around the world. broadcast of a religious service on that occa­ journalists and that through the years When I came in, I said we want to make sion. there's been a lot of ambiguity as to wheth­ sure the Voice of America reflected the Initially people thought that this would er the mission of the VOA is to provide voices of America. That means when we create controversy for VOA, and I said news, or whether it is to further the foreign have commentators, that we have, for in­ that's absurd. We're required to reflect policy aims of the American atlministration. stance, Allan Ryskind of Human Events and America's institutions. We've required to re­ How do you respond to that? Rick Hertzberg of the New Republic. flect what's important about America, and A. I think the greatest responsibility of This principle is an extension of the phi­ religion plays a very, very important part in the Voice of America is to practice what I losophy on which this nation was founded. American society. The concept of freedom call ultimate journalism. we have instituted The founders believed that people, when ex­ of religion and freedom of worship is abso­ during the Reagan Administration an edito­ posed to a diversity of information and opin­ lutely essential to what this country is all rial policy for the Voice of America. This ion, could decide for themselves-and do it about. government has a chance to speak in the wisely. That is precisely what we propose to National Public Radio rushed into the grand tradition of a newspaper· editorial do in broadcasting facts and information Voice of America last Christmas just before page. During this Administration, those edi­ and ideas to the people of the world. we did that first Worldwide English broad­ torials have been what could be called Q. The Voice of America has two sister or­ cast and asked if people were not complain­ tough: on East-West issues, on protecting ganizations, Radio Liberty and Radio Free ing at the Voice of America because of this our rights, on why the West is prosperous Europe. What are the distinctions in the religious service. And I said yes, I did hear and totalitarian nations are not. mandates of these three? someone complaining in the hallways, but I But we think it has been very important A. At the Voice of America we are reflect­ didn't pay a great deal of attention to that to isolate where the government has official ing the values and institutions of the U.S. to person because he was also muttering, April 5, 1984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8273 "Bah, humbug!" The NPR reporter broke We have had literally a generation of A. The laws governing the Voice of Amer­ up. Unfortunately we never heard the inter­ people who have come to know and love jazz ica and its parent, the United States Infor­ view on the air. through Willis Conover and this important mation Agency, were passed in the early We will continue to have an appropriate Willis Conover program must continue on 1950s when the memories of the 1930s and emphasis on religion at VOA. In Poland, for VOA. We just have to make sure that Nazi Germany were still fresh in the minds example, when the government, under mar­ people know when they can tune in to the of American lawmakers. It was a strict pro­ tial law, removed Mass from Warsaw radio Voice of America for news and current af­ hibition against any domestic dissemination and television, we began weekly broadcasts fairs, and know when they can tune in to of a VOA product. to Poland of Polish Mass services conducted Voice of America for music, and not try to If a reporter, if an American, writes me in this country. What we're doing is most mix them all together. and says I understand you're broadcasting appropriate to the traditions of the Voice. Q. One final criticism that Mr. Solzheni­ such and such, I'd like to take a look at it, Q. In another criticism, Mr. Solzhenitsyn tsyn makes: He says, "You limit even simple incredibly, I have to say no. I can't mail it to says, "Your broadcasts are conducted so information about current events. In mat­ you. You can come into this building and primitively that they give a false picture of ters of foreign policy you are being over­ read the transcripts. Frankly, I think this your country. They speak about the most scrupulous about your use of sources, and law should be revised. We should be able to superficial, the most trite things, so that with Afghanistan, for instance, and insofar answer legitimate queries about what we're our people have a lower opinion of the as the internal situation in the Soviet Union broadcasting on the Voice. American people than the American people is concerned, you have been concentrating Q. We've talked a lot about the Voice of deserve." on material provided by dissidents from America. You have a counterpart in the He continues, "For instance, I will tell you Moscow." He says that this scrupulousness Soviet Union in Radio Moscow. Can you de­ that there are three different jazz pro­ about sources is limiting the news you can scribe Radio Moscow's purpose, its capabili­ grams, then a separate program of pop broadcast about the Soviet Union to the ties, its programing, etc.? music, a separate program on dance music, Soviet people. A. Well, Radio Moscow has softened a bit and a separate youth program on which all A. I came to the Voice of America from in recent years from something that was this is repeated. But it is such a mistake. the Reader's Digest, which in the last simply preposterous in propaganda to a Perhaps those people who are interested in decade has been responsible for some of the product which was until recently slicker. jazz might turn it off five minutes later and most significant journalism produced in the Now it's moved back a bit in terms of its hear something besides jazz. But the thing Western world. John Barron's books on the propaganda posture. is that we have very few people who are in­ KGB. The Barron-Paul book in Cambodia. But Radio Moscow represents everything terested in jazz. They don't need your pro­ Claire Sterling's book supplement on the that ineffective international broadcasting grams which are jammed because they have plot to kill the pope-to name a few exam­ symbolizes. It is pure propaganda for the at their disposal all the world jazz programs ples. Soviet system. You'll never hear anything which no one jams. They can hear these The Reader's Digest is far stricter about about any problems in the Soviet Union. It's programs perfectly. So you do not attract confirming sources and stories than is the rare that any event in the Western world is Voice of America. The bottom line is that accurately conveyed, and that's why Radio any listeners that way, you spend only valu­ it's absolutely essential for accuracy and able air time on nonsense and frivolous­ that you check sources. In fact, I frankly Moscow is far more powerful throughout ness." wish we had the resources here at the Voice the world-and has a far more powerful A. I became interested in the issue of the of America to have further checks on our signal throughout the world-than the Voice of America when I was living in stories because my great concern is not Voice of America. It broadcasts in twice the Europe in the 1970s, traveling in Europe, dashing out with the news to the people of number of languages around the world as Africa and the Middle East, with a short­ the world. My great concern is making sure the Voice of America, and on far more fre­ wave radio as my constant companion. that when we broadcast something that it's quencies around the world than the Voice of I did not think that broadcasting on VOA correct. That's always been the concern of America, but it cannot touch the influence was sufficiently relevant to what was hap­ the Reader's Digest and it should be the and significance of the VOA. pening in the world. I did not think that we concern of the Voice of America. Q. Regarding the quality of your broad­ had a proper emphasis on hard news and es­ Let me say that I did have a recent and casting and the changes made, I note that pecially a proper emphasis on current af­ very pleasant visit with Mrs. Solzhenitsyn. the Solzhenitsyn family is not alone. The fairs. I was also concerned that in listening We have significantly upgraded our broad­ Financial Times of London, for instance, re· to VOA, I didn't hear the significant voices cast at the Voice of America in our Russian cently quotes Dean Watkins to the effect, "I of America. service, and Mrs. Solzhenitsyn said that find the left-wing, anti-business, anit-free Anyone who traveled around the world in that upgrading has been noted. The Sol­ market bias that pervaded news and fea­ recent years has heard complaints that zhenitsyn family listens to Russian lan­ tures of the VOA during the Ford and par­ VOA listeners could not count on receiving guage broadcasts of the Voice of America. I ticularly the Carter periods, has now largely in-depth coverage of the most significant believe we've moved to a period where the disappeared. To me, the VOA has become issues and events of the day. Instead, VOA quality of broadcast at VOA is stronger approximately as neutral as the BBC is." programming all too often spotlighted fea­ than ever in its history, and I think people How did this happen? tures on roller skating in New York and the across the spectrum will be recognizing this. A. Our broadcasts are better because we like-programming which simply did not In the Russian service, for example, we're have, I think, a rising tide of professional­ live up to the purpose of VOA. going now with a series of programs called ism in this institution and I think we've also I think we've taken care of a good deal of "Conversations with Rostropovich," the taken seriously our theme to put the voices that. We've had on our flagship station, great Mstislav Rostropovich who is conduc­ of America on the Voice of America. Worldwide English, a significant change in tor of the National Symphony Orchestra, The traditional approaches at VOA was our programming. For example, we've and who emigrated from the Soviet Union what I called a one-microphone concept. moved away from 1950s disc jockey shows in in the 1970s. He, too, has been a critic of What we needed at VOA was to have a bal­ the morning to news and current affairs VOA broadcasting in years past. anced reflection of American thought and broadcasting. Our new program "Focus" I just wish it were possible for a cross-sec­ opinion. Then, of course, we needed to focus each day delivers the voices of America on tion of Americans to listen to this program on the significant issues in the world today. important issues of the time. Other pro­ today. It's patterned after the significant I say that we're going to institutionalize gram changes ensure that the most signifi­ Eric Severeid interviews with Eric Hoffer in balance in my tenure at VOA-and that has cant articles, books and trends are assessed the mid-'60s. Mr. Rostropovich talks with surprised many people in the professional by articulate representatives of the Ameri­ Mark Pomar, the new head of our Russian journalism community. A Reagan appoint­ can political spectrum. service, about the atfferences in what is ee, an appointee who for many years has Pausing to focus, though, on Mr. Solzhen­ happening in the USSR, the differences in made sure he had his weekly copy of itsyn's comments in years past, I believe our his life, the differences in music. These pro­ Human Events, is institutionalizing balance broadcasting, in English and in Russian, is grams are absolutely extraordinary, and and in doing so will ensure that the people more relevant today. while you are in this building I hope you of the world are given access to the ideas In a jamming situation, where people are have a chance to glance at some transcripts. that have made this country great. trying mightily to hear what is happening That's what international broadcasting is Q. During the past year we've heard a in the world, you obviously need a primary all about. great deal about the Voice of America's an­ focus on serious programming. Music, Q. It's government policy, I understand, to tiquated broadcasting facilities. How did the though, has always been, and always will be, forbid the reproduction of broadcasts of facilities get to be in this sorry state and an important part of the Voice of America Voice of America material inside the United what's being done to change the situation? because the arts also reflect what this coun­ States. What is the reason for this restric­ A. You've heard the expression "benign try is all about. tion? neglect." I think that explains why the 8274 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 5, 1984 Voice of America has been allowed to dete­ Q. After a long struggle, President Reagan Dr. Carney turned his back on this riorate over the course of many years. It is finally got Radio Marti approved by the astounding to think that more than 35 per­ U.S. Congress, and whether or not you region, it could well have been an eco­ cent of our transmitters are over 30 years wanted to have anything to do with that, nomic disaster." old an virtually all of our transmitters are you have been given the task of setting it Specifically, the council credits Dr. older than 15 years. Our antennas, and up. What is the purpose of Radio Marti and Camey with his firm's decision to other equipment, the same. We're sitting how do you foresee managing it? invest over $100 million in a new rail now in a studio which was built in the A. The President proposed that Radio mill at Monessen and another $45 mil­ middle 1950's. You have few college stations Marti be placed under the Board for Inter­ in America which operate in anything like national Broadcasting, headed by Frank lion for a continuous caster plant these conditions. Shakespeare. We all would have preferred there. In addition, millions of dollars Why have these conditions not changed? to see that happen because Radio Marti was more were spent to upgrade facilities Why has the Voice of America not kept up designed for surrogate broadcasting, like at plants in Monessen and Allenport. with the state of the art despite the impor­ Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty. Dr. Carney has strong ties with the tance of its mission? One thing I've learned In placing the Radio Marti Program in in my service is that it is exceedingly diffi­ valley. He was born there, in Char­ the Voice of America, it is going to be more leroi, just across the river from the cult to bring change to government. Unlike difficult to get the service on the air be­ the private sector, government is not pre­ cause, unlike BIB, we are required to ob­ Monessen mill, and after graduating pared or structured for shifts in emphasis serve Civil Service rules. Sometimes we can from Pennsylvania State University and change in the way things are done. find ways to make those rules a little more with a degree in metallurgy he began If, for example, the VOA construction flexible, but still it's going to take longer to his career in steel with United States budget has been virtually nonexistent over get on the air. the course of years, then putting money Steel Corp. in 1942. I think we can overcome all the adminis­ Except for a stint with the U.S. into that budget proves to be exceedingly trative problems that will beset us, all the difficult because we've never done it that start-up problems that will hamper us, be­ Navy during World War II, Dr. Carney way before. Modernizing the Voice of Amer­ cause the concept of broadcasting the truth, spent the next 32 years steadily climb­ ica? We've never done that before is unfor­ broadcasting of what is happening in Cuba, ing the corporate ladder at United tunately the reaction in many corners of what is happening to Castro's forces around States Steel. Then, in 1974, he the federal bureaucracy. the world-all this is so exciting as to propel launched his second career, joining But we have built up incredible momen­ us to overcome the obstacles. Imagine how tum in these months to have a meaningful Wheeling-Pittsburgh as vice president it would be for you if you lived in Cuba to of operations. A year later, he was long-term modernization at the Voice of be able to tune in to a radio station and find America. We've had that shift because my out what is really going on in areas affect­ elected executive vice president and a boss, Charles Wick, the director of USIA, is ing your personal interest. This is an ex­ member of the board of directors, as­ a very forceful man and he is able to shift suming full responsibility for all steel­ government priorities in a very significant traordinary challenge and I think we'll ful­ way. The ultimate weapon, of course, has fill it. making operations, engineering and in­ been the President of the United States­ As is the case with engineers and modern­ dustrial relations. going on nationwide radio, saying that we ization, the quality of Mati programs will His rise to the top, thereafter, was need the same kind of effort which enabled depend in large part on the quality of rapid. He became president and chief us to overcome the gap in the space race, to people-especially the research people-we operating officer in 1976; chief execu­ erase the gap in transmitter power and are able to involve in this effort. Q. Castro has threatened to jam Radio tive officer in 1977; and chairman of strength in international broadcasting. the board in 1978. Much like building space vehicles in the Marti's broadcasts and fears have been ex­ 1960s, you can't press a button and immedi­ pressed by some, including some members of The list of his accomplishments and ately design and install transmitter facilities Congress, that this jamming is going to seri­ honors bestowed upon him is far too and antennas, and all you need for the kind ously affect American broadcasting. Is there lengthy to insert into the RECORD but I of quality sound that we must have in anything to that fear, do you think? would like to touch on some high­ American broadcasting. It will take years, A. We will have to wait and see. I believe that it is important to broadcast the truth lights. but we must begin today. I don't believe He was a member of the first U.S. that bureaucratic inertia will be able to stop to the people of Cuba and that we must as our momentum. soon as possible.e technical exchange task force sent to At the beginning of 1983, the VOA had Russia in 1957 to study steel produc­ among all the engineers involved in running tion there. He has written numerous its system only 20 engineers with college de­ MON VALLEY COUNCIL TO . technical papers which have won him grees, and not necessarily degrees in engi­ HONOR DR. CARNEY acclaim throughout the industry. In neering. Now, granted, college degrees are 1978 he was awarded the Benjamin F. not required to engineer and run an old HON.JOSEPHM.GAYDOS Fairless Award for distinguished system like VOA's. In fact, our people have OF PENNSYLVANIA done an amazing job with the equivalent of achievement in iron and steel produc­ baling wire and chewing gum keeping the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion and a year later received a Distin­ Voice of America on the air. Thursday, April 5, 1984 guished Life Membership in the Amer­ But if you look toward a futuristic state of e Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, on ican Society of Metals for outstanding the art system, you also need to add engi­ contribution to the advancement of neers who can plan that system. We now, Wednesday, May 16, the Mon Valley thanks to the Reagan Administration's sup­ Progress Council, which serves parts the industry. plemental appropriation, have added more of four counties in western Pennsylva­ Mr. Speaker, Dr. Carney is no than 60 engineers, most of whom have grad­ nia, will honor Dr. Dennis J. Camey, stranger to Washington. He has ap­ uate degrees, and we are adding more every chairman of the board of Wheeling­ peared many times before House and week. This country would not have had a Pittsburgh Steel Corp., at a testimoni­ Senate subcommittees to give testimo­ space program without futuristic engineers ny on conditions and situations facing and we can't have VOA modernization with­ al dinner in the city of Monessen, Pa. out the same. The affair is public recognition of the domestic steel industry. His expe­ Q. Mr. Wick and you are said to have pro­ Dr. Camey's commitment to preserv­ rience, knowledge and insight has posed a modernization plan entailing a $1.2- ing the steel industry in the Mon been of great help to the Congression­ billion expenditure over six years. What are Valley, his leadership in reviving the al Steel Caucus in its efforts to save the prospects of this being approved? operations of his company and in and strengthen the Nation's basic steel A. I think the prospects are good. We have saving thousands of jobs at a time industry. planned and are putting finishing touches on proposals for something like a six-year when other firms were closing their I applaud the Mon Valley Council of modernization program, something in the doors and laying off their workers. Progress for its decision to honor Dr. neighborhood of $1 billion or more. This Robert Logue, executive director of Carney and ask my colleagues in the will ensure that people do not have to strain the progress council, sums up Dr. Car­ Congress of the United States to join and twirl their radio dials to get VOA in sig­ ney's value to the steel industry and in extending official congratulations nificant places. the Mon Valley very succinctly: "Had to him on this occasion.• April 5, 1984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8275 MISS ELIZABETH YODER I wish to commend Miss Yoder for a mate the war damage sustained as at least lifetime of concern and commitment $825 million. The guerrillas control perhaps APPRECIATION WEEK 20 percent of the country by day, and more to improving our community. She is after sundown. The insurgents frequently HON. CLARENCE D. LONG an extraordinary individual, a truly appear to be better led, better organized, great educator, humanitarian, and and more dedicated than the government OF MARYLAND American citizen, and should serve as forces. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an inspiration to all of us.e Nevertheless, the war is far from lost and there is no reason to allow the guerrillas to Thursday, April 5, 1984 shoot their way into the government with­ • Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speak­ U.S. POLICY IN EL SALVADOR out undergoing the bothersome formality of er, today I wish to bring to the atten­ participating in an election. Indeed, it would tion of my colleagues a constituent of HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO be madness to bring the rebels into the gov­ OF CALIFORNIA ernment, if only because theirs is a revolu­ mine who has contributed enormously tionary movement pledged to destroy El to the field of education in Maryland, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Salvador's social and political fabric, not to Miss Elizabeth Yoder. Miss Yoder has Thursday, April 5, 1984 reform it. given a lifetime of dedication and hard e Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, The last thing the communist-supported work to the Maryland public school a recent commentary in the Washing­ guerrillas want is a viable democratic gov­ system. I would like to describe here ernment and an equitable social dispensa­ ton Times by Smith Hempstone de­ tion: Were these to exist, their movement just a few of her many contributions. scribes the difficulties the United Miss Yoder began her teaching would collapse. Like the Nicaraguan Sandi­ States faces with its policy in El Salva­ nistas and the Cubans who support them, career at Upper Falls Elementary dor and that there are no quick, easy they want power, not justice. School in 1936. Over the next 16 years, solutions. He calls for patience and As in most conflicts of this nature, a she also taught at Carroll Manor Ele­ constancy, and it is important that we purely military solution is impossible. While mentary School and Loch Raven Ele­ all remember that U.S. interests will ultimately the insurgents must be defeated mentary School. In 1952, she took on not be served by ignoring El Salvador in the field, they must first be discredited her current position as assistant prin­ and hoping it will go away. and isolated from the people, the "water" in cipal of Villa Cresta Elementary which the guerrilla "fish" swim. GET SET FOR THE LoNG HAUL This can only be achieved through the in­ School. Throughout the years, her de­

humanly and legislatively possible 1 a harassed and humiliated. I would urge fair one. Unfortunately, it is my per­ my colleagues who have not already RECOMMENDED ACTION The voice of American lawyers may carry ception that the substitute before us done so to cosponsor House Concur­ great weight in other nations whose efforts fails that test. Had the sponsors of rent Resolution 226, introduced by my to influence the Iranians might be more ef­ this legislation provided a true, across colleague Mr. PORTER of Illinois ex­ fective than those of the U.S. Government the board freeze on all spending, while pressing the sense of Congress regard­ at this time. Individuals are encouraged to at the same time embodying the con­ ing the persecution of this community. ~rite to the following governments, express­ cepts of the 2-percent solution to both I would also like to voice my apprecia­ mg their concern about the situation of nonmeans tested entitlement pro­ tion to the administration, which has Baha'i lawyers in Iran and the Baha'i com­ grams and the indexation of income on many occasion spoken out on this munity, generally, and in particular-re­ taxes, I might well have supported it. matter and kept the outrageous prac­ questing information about the disbarment In that way, the sacrifices that our re­ tices of the Iranian Government in the of lawyers with links to the Baha'i commu­ tirees are asked to make under this public eye. nity; and-expressing concern about the I would also like, Mr. Speaker to continued oppression of Baha'is, including plan, and that our wage earners are lawyers.e asked to make, would have been bal­ bring to the attention of this body'the anced by an equivalency of sacrifice superb work which is done by the across the board. American Bar Association on this and INTERNATIONAL However, the substitute does not do other human rights matters. The ABA VENTRILOQUIST'S WEEK this. While making real cuts in social has set up a network of concerned cor­ security and other Federal retirement respondents, which keeps an eye on programs, and freezing spending on human rights violations around the HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI most discretionary programs, the sub­ world and alerts its members so that they may voice their protests in the OF KENTUCKY stitute at the same time provides for a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES real growth rate, after inflation, of 5 most effective way possible. They have percent in the defense budget, in each recently alerted their membership to Thursday, April 5, 1984 of the 3 covered years. In other words, the situation confronting the Baha'i. e Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, today I what this substitute does is ask our In addition to the more obvious sug­ introduced a resolution to designate senior citizens to give up some of their gestions as to who to address letters of concern to, the appeal includes the the week of July 1-July 7 as "Interna­ fixed retirement income, and our wage tional Ventriloquist's Week." earners to give up some of the tax helpful suggestion that members con­ tact the Japanese Ambassador to the Ventriloquism is an art form which relief that they would gain from in­ traces its origins back some 3,000 dexing, to finance additional budget United States . diences for years. $400 for ordinary hardware store ham­ Mr. Speaker, I commend the excel­ The Vent Haven Museum in Fort mers. To me, this is an unconscionable lent job the ABA is doing in the Mitchell, Ky., houses the most com­ distortion of priorities which I simply human rights field; it is proof of the plete collection of ventriloquial items cannot support. seriousness and commitment it has to from around the world. And, each year I remain committed to the principal the rule of law. I ask that its appeal on in Fort Mitchell, ventriloquists from of the 2-percent solution, and will behalf of Iran's Baha'is be made part everywhere gather for their annual work in the future to see that it is in­ of the RECORD. convention. It was in Kentucky at cluded in a comprehensive budget IRANIAN LAWYERS PERSECUTED DUE TO BAHA'I Fort Mitchell that the International reform package which treats all spend­ FAITH Brotherhood of Ventriloquists was ing equally. I cannot, however, sup­ The National Spiritual Assembly of the founded. It claims today over 1,000 port it in the context of using the dol­ Baha'is of the United States reports the members worldwide. lars taken away from our retirees and continuing systematic persecution of the Ventriloquists have always been wage earners to finance more wasteful Baha'i community in Iran, including specific among the more generous of perform­ actions directed against lawyers affiliated ers and entertainers in devoting their Pentagon shopping sprees.e with the Baha'is. A number of lawyers have been disbarred by having their licenses re­ time and skill to entertain and divert voked. Specifically, the Islamic Revolution­ patients-especially the little boys and IRANIAN LA WYERS PERSECUTED ary Court of Tehran on September 4, 1983 girls-at hospitals, orphanages and DUE TO BAHA'I FAITH revoked the licenses of a number of justice other institutions. ' ministry lawyers on the grounds that they I hope my colleagues will join me in HON. BARNEY FRANK had links to the Baha'i community . One of those dis­ and draw attention to ventriloquism OF MASSACHUSETTS barred, Badiullah Farid, had been executed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and to see some of the great ventrilo­ in Tehran on June 24, 1981. Another, Man­ quists-such as Edgar Bergen Shari Thursday, April 5, 1984 uher Ghaemmaghami, was kindnapped by the government authorities in August 1980. Lewis, Paul Winchell, and Btirr Til­ •Mr. FRANK. Mr. Speaker, I have Due to the public nature of their work­ strom-who have shared their special previously presented to the House Ma­ particularly the necessity that they deal talent with so many through the terial about the plight of the Baha'i with government authorities, including the years.e 8298 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 5, 1984 CHRISTOPHER RESIDENCE Early in 1973, Father Robert Emmet about mental retardation and the ANNIVERSARY Fagan, director of Catholic Charities needs and aspirations of those who of Rockville Centre, approached the would be living in the house. They HON.RAYMONDJ.McGRATH parish council of Valley Stream with a tried to be reassuring and to let the OF NEW YORK plan to open a home for retarded residents of the community see that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES adults. In 1974, the parish coun'cil ap­ proved the plan. they had nothing to fear. They had Thursday, April 5, 1984 What followed was not particularly faith and they were persistent, and in •Mr. McGRATH. Mr. Speaker, on pleasant. Residents of the community not too long a time their faith was re­ April 7 the Christopher Residence in were strongly opposed to the resi­ warded. my hometown of Valley Stream, N.Y., dence, fearing for the neighborhood Today, the Christopher Residence is will be holding an anniversary party, and the safety of its children. They a part of the Valley Stream communi­ marking its 10th anniversary in the fought the opening of the residence ty, and the people of the community community. with every means at their disposal, but have opened their hearts to the resi­ The story of the Christopher Resi­ it opened anyway. dents of the house. The faith of Sis­ dence, a home for retarded adults, is a But the story has a happy ending, ters Kate McGrath and Catherine touching one. It is the story of a com­ thanks to some very special people. O'Shea in the basic goodness of man munity overcoming fear and uncer­ Appointed as supervisors of the house toward his fell ow man has been re­ tainty and opening its mind and its were Sisters Kate McGrath and Cath­ warded, and the result is something of heart to others. erine O'Shea, Dominican nuns who which the Valley Stream community I will not dwell on the details, but had worked at a successful residence can be proud.e the basic story of the Christopher in Brooklyn. They went to great Residence is as follows: lengths to teach the local residents