The Role of the Navy in Supporting the Natuna Regency Government's Policy to Strengthen Maritime Resilience in Natuna Regency
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International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol:20 No:02 32 The Role of the Navy in Supporting the Natuna Regency Government's Policy To Strengthen Maritime Resilience in Natuna Regency Cecep Hidayat, Z. Fanani, Setyo Widagdo, Fadillah Putra Subi Kecil Island, Senoa Island, Sekatung Island, Sebetul Abstract— The Natuna region is very strategic sea water, Island, Semiun Island and TokongvBoro Island. because it borders directly with several countries so that it creates Geographically the Natuna Islands are located around vulnerability because it could become the access to smuggling, the South China Sea at coordinates 03 ° 55 '28.3 "U - 108 ° 10' illegal activities to steal natural resources and also terrorist 56.5" T. The Natuna Islands were originally the territory of the activities that enter Indonesian territory. To prevent the Peasant Kingdom and the Kingdom of Johor in Malaysia, but occurrence of vulnerability in the Natuna Regency, it must have eventually entered into the control of the Riau Sultanate and strong maritime resilience. The Indonesian Navy as a means of defense of the sea dimension has the duty to uphold the law and become his territory. After Indonesia's independence, a maintain security in the sea territory of national jurisdictions in delegation from Riau ceded their sovereignty to the Republic of accordance to the provisions of national and international law, Indonesia, based in Java. On May 18, 1956, the Indonesian which has made a significant contribution in strengthening government officially registered the Natuna Islands as the maritime resilience in Natuna Regency. The research method used sovereign territory of the Republic of Indonesia to the United was descriptive with a qualitative approach. The purpose of this Nations. Natuna Regency has the following boundaries: study is to analyze how the conditions of defense and security 1. North side is borderedby Vietnam at the waters of the North aspects exist in Natuna and analyze how the role of the Navy in Natuna Sea; strengthening maritime resilience in Natuna Regency. 2. West side is bordered by Anambas Islands Regency and Index Term— Role of the Navy, Maritime Resilience, Natuna Peninsular Malaysia / West Malaysia; Regency 3. South side is borderedbyTambelan District and Bintan I. INTRODUCTION Regency; and Natuna Regency was formed based on Law of the Republic of 4. The eastern side is borderedby East Malaysia in the waters Indonesia Number 53 of 1999 concerning the Establishment of of the North Natuna Sea and West Kalimantan Province. Pelalawan Regency, Rokan Hulu Regency, Rokan Hilir Regency, Siak Regency, As seen as these conditions, Natuna Regency is an area Karimun Regency, Natuna Regency, KuantanSingingi Regency that is prone to threats and disturbances due to its strategic and Batam City (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of position and the potential of its natural wealth. Based on the 1999 Number 151 Additional State Gazette of the Republic of results of research and observations carried out, it is known that Indonesia Number 3902), hereinafter referred to as Law of the Natuna Regency has a very large maritime potential that should Republic of Indonesia Number 53 of 1999 concerning the be managed optimally to improve the economy and prosperity Establishment of Pelalawan Regency, RokanHulu Regency, so that maritime security in the region becomes strong. It is RokanHilir Regency, Siak Regency, Karimun Regency, Natuna expected that when Natuna Regency is able to optimize the Regency, KuantanSingingi Regency and Batam City. The area existing maritime potential, the community will be more of Natuna Regency is 224,684.59 km2 with a land area of prosperous and various threats and disturbances can be 2,000.85 km2 and ocean area of 222,683.74 km2. Natuna prevented and dealt with quickly. In this discussion the Regency consists of 154 islands, with 27 islands (17.53 percent) researcher will explain comprehensively how Natuna Regency inhabited and 127 islands (82.44 percent) uninhabited. Of all should be able to optimize the management of its maritime the sub-districts, Serasan sub-district has the most uninhabited potential and be able to overcome the weaknesses and potential islands, namely 30 islands (23.62 percent) of the total threats that exist so that the maritime resilience conditions are uninhabited islands. The two largest islands are Bunguran strong. Island and Serasan Island. From the 2 (two) islands, there are 7 The source of fisheries wealth is one of the largest assets (seven) outer islands in Natuna Regency, such asKepala Island, that owned by Natuna Regency, but unfortunately the potential This paragraph of the first footnote will contain the date on which you National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA (e- submitted your paper for review. It will also contain support information, mail: author@ boulder.nist.gov). including sponsor and financial support acknowledgment. For example, “This S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He is work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, BS123456.” CO 80523 USA (e-mail: [email protected]). The next few paragraphs should contain the authors’ current affiliations, T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of including current address and e-mail. For example, F. A. Author is with the Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]). 202202-3737- IJBAS-IJENS @ April 2020 IJENS I J E N S International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol:20 No:02 33 of existing fisheries has not been empowered and managed In general, the problem of border areas covers three aspects, optimally. Most local fishing communities only use the namely: fisheries sector to fulfill their daily needs, not for commercial 1. The socioeconomic aspects of the border area are less or industrial needs. This happens because the infrastructure of developed (backward) regions. That was caused by: ships and fishing gear is still limited and traditional, especially 1) A relatively isolated / remote location with a low fishing vessels in Natuna are mostly small (5 GT to 10 GT) so level of accessibility; that they are only able to catch fish in the territorial sea (12 Nm) 2) Low levels of education and public health; from the coastline, besides, the Natuna government program 3) The low level of social and economic welfare of has not been optimal in managing the potential of existing the border area communities (the large number of fisheries causing a lack of fisheries products obtained by fishery poor people and underdeveloped villages); and entrepreneurs and fishermen. In addition to capture fisheries, in 4) The scarcity of information about government Natuna Regency also developed marine aquaculture using and development which received by people in the cages on the coast and the bay. The types offish which border area (blank spots). cultivated aresonok and kerapu fish and a small portion of 2. The aspect of defense and security of the border region is napoleon fish. Most of the cage farming is exported to Hong broad territory with uneven population distribution Kong and Singapore. This fish farming business has received patterns. That makes it difficult for government control. In attention from the central government, as evidenced in 2017 addition, territorial supervision and guidance is difficult to that a marine and fisheries sector program has been held, such be implemented synergistically, steadily, and efficiently. as the construction of an integrated fishing pier and its facilities 3. The socio-economic aspects of the people in the border in the Lampa Strait, cage assistance, fish seedlings, seaweed regions are generally influenced by socio-economic seeds and inkamina ship assistance. This program is intended activities in neighboring countries. These conditions have for the people of Natuna Regency so that the prospect of the potential to invite vulnerability, both in the economic fisheries in Natuna can increase the income and welfare of the and social political fields. Natuna people. Natuna Islands, one of the islands that are the foremost Cases of illegal fishing, disputes between leading islands part of the Republic of Indonesia, has abundant natural resource and border conflicts with neighboring countries are the triggers potential and Natuna's very strategic position is located on the for the rise of nationalism in order to maintain national and state boundary of the nine-dashed line claim that is recognized by self-esteem.2 Conflicts that often occur at the border are neighboring countries as part of its country, leaving from here generally related to economic interests, natural, social and researchers have an interest in taking research sites in the area political resources as well as defense and security, which in turn is due to many problems arising from claims to the Natuna can affect national security and security stability and even the island. The problem in the South China Sea is related to claims spirit of nationalism of the people who live in the border region. in territorial waters with the existence of a nine-dashed line map There are 3 (three) main issues in the border area:3 taken from historical or historical factors from traditional 1. The problem of setting boundaries (allocation, fishing areas of fishermen in the days of their ancestors, causing delimitation, and demarcation), both land (demarcation) illegal fishing activities carried out by foreign fishing vessels and sea (delimitation); (KIA). Based on claims made by China, it is known that the 2. The problem of securing the border area; and waters of the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) are 3. The problem of developing the border area included. Border areas are "sexy" areas, both in internal and (administration), especially in realizing the border area as external (international) contexts.