Poverty Dynamics : Review of Handling in Dumai City

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 7, ISSUE 2, FEBRUARY 2018 ISSN 2277-8616 Poverty Dynamics : Review Of Handling In Dumai City Muhamad Syukri Harto Abstract: Dumai city is one of the developing regions in Riau Province with potential natural resources. However, the natural wealth is not accompanied by a reduction in the poverty rate, but the increasing number of people who are below the poverty line. This paper describes the causes of poverty in Dumai City. This paper also describes the policies of Dumai City Government applied through poverty eradication program in the study area. The research is based on primary data and secondary data. The result of the research explains that the policy program of Dumai City Government in eradicating poverty is done through three areas of development, namely education, health and economy. The education sector is directed to pre-eminent Kindergarten, Primary, Primary and Secondary Schools. Free school fees are provided to children in the 4 (four) levels of the education. The health sector is provided free of charge to the poor who want to seek treatment at the Community health centers. Services in local public hospitals are also provided free of charge to the poor. While in the economic field, the poor are given assistance in the form of rice, compensation for residents whose families died, gradually sheltering house facilities and money support on religious holidays. Index Terms: Poverty Dynamics, City Government Efforts ———————————————————— 1 INTRODUCTION poverty. In addition, cultural approaches, behaviors and Throughout Indonesia's history, poverty has become a serious circumstances that exist in poor communities, such as problem. Almost all experts have been mobilized to overcome improving employment are also needed to reduce poverty. the problem of poverty. Poverty has caused many Indonesians Therefore, through this system of regional autonomy, real not to raise their standard of living so that they live in the steps are needed in social investment, such as building a backwardness, such as many children who are unable to positive cultural or activity value, eliminating laziness, using follow proper education and quality, poor people who can not free time, and seeking new policies to enable the Indonesian afford to seek medical treatment, lack of public facilities and state to escape from the cycle of poverty. The city of Dumai is infrastructure, limited job opportunities, lack of social security one of the richest areas in Riau province that has become for poor families and so on. Even worse, poverty in Indonesia municipal and separated from Bengkalis district since 1999. In causes many poor people to meet their daily needs. Poverty in 2012, the poverty rate in Dumai City reached 10.76 percent or Indonesia has caused many new problems and caused many 305,838 inhabitants, then increased to 13, 46 percent by 2014 people who eventually behave badly, such as stealing, killing, (Population Census of 2014). The large poverty rate in Dumai and so forth. The poor are willing to risk their efforts to make City prior to the implementation of regional autonomy is due to goods for the benefit of the rich, and many of the workers who the unilateral development of planning, ie the policy made by work all day just to get a piece of money to eat. In fact, poverty the Dumai City Government does not look at the has made Indonesians trapped in cultures of begging, circumstances of the surrounding community. This policy is begging, dependency culture, in particular relying on life considered inconsistent with the current state of society in expectancy from the good of the government through the Dumai City, because the number of programs made by the provision of aid. The situation mentioned above seems to be a City Government does not reflect the state and interests that phenomenon that has no end. The general public thinks that are favorable for the poor in Dumai City. Coupled with several the Indonesian government is not serious in handling poverty programs that have been designed well, but in the problem, even the government is considered not concern to implementation is not right target. When the regional the fate of people who are below the poverty line. The study in autonomy system was introduced in 1999, the Dumai City this study is about poverty. Discussion starts from poverty in Government has not yet undertaken a bottom-up development Indonesia which became a development topic for a long period plan, which is to look at the current state of local people and of time before the enactment of regional autonomy. At that then make the right policy. It is still top-down, namely the time, the poverty rate in Indonesia reached 24.2 percent development of the government to the public unilaterally. The compared to 17.7 percent in the 2006 autonomy period. The way clearly demonstrates the 'unconformity' of programs made figure is still very large when compared with the population of by the Dumai City Government with the current state of the Indonesia which reaches approximately 253,609,643 people poor in the region. This caused the Dumai City Government (Detik Finance, May 2014) The income inequality is a major policy difficult to achieve the expected goals in its efforts to factor in the widespread national poverty. Poverty affects not raise the living standards of the poor. Based on the huge only individuals but also between sectors, groups and regions. natural resource potential of Dumai City and the increasing World Bank data show that the number of poor people in poverty rate every year in the area has prompted researchers Indonesia in 2002 reached 60 percent This is due to the to make a more in-depth study of the causes of poverty in government's inability to access capital resources, facilities Dumai City and the Dumai City Government's efforts to and infrastructure that support the community to improve their eradicate poverty in the region through research on "Poverty lives, and weak government employees in managing the Dynamics: Review of Handling in Dumai City". To achieve existing natural resources. The large poverty rate requires the each objective of the study, some of the study issues that central government to implement a 'decentralization' system or shape the course of the study are expressed as follows: better known as 'regional autonomy'. The income and human resource development approach is between the work patterns 1. What are the factors that cause poverty in Dumai City? of regional autonomy needed to overcome the problem of 133 IJSTR©2018 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 7, ISSUE 2, FEBRUARY 2018 ISSN 2277-8616 2. How does the City Government attempt to eradicate poverty unwarranted employment, negative living attitudes and in Dumai City? conservative thoughts. Therefore, the concept of poverty is not Based on the above problem formulation, this study is only limited to the failure to meet the needs of material only, generally aimed at assessing the policy aspect of the City but also spiritual needs (Osman Rani Hassan and Abdul Majid Government in its efforts to eradicate poverty in Dumai City. Salleh, 1988: 31). Experts have explained the purpose of For that, this research will first know the causes of poverty in poverty based on their respective fields of science. Dumai City. It serves as an analytical tool to examine the Economists define poverty from the perspective of the amount reality of success and failure of Dumai City Government in its of income, sociologists also define it from the cultural efforts to eradicate poverty in the study area. More specifically, perspective and social stratification of society, whereas health there are 2 (two) objective studies to be achieved, namely: experts define poverty from the perspective of food 1) Knowing the factors causing poverty in Dumai City. This is substances and calories. The definitions they put forward have very important to look at the background of the study that the basis of equations that can be put forward in terms of started from the poverty factor in Dumai City which defining the concept of poverty, namely in terms of lack of continues to increase after the era of regional autonomy. either lack of income, lack of nutrients or other deficiencies. All 2) Analyze the performance of the Municipal Government this explains that poverty is a deficiency (Amartya Sen, 1981: through the policies of its programs in eradicating poverty 22). However, the definition of poverty from the point of significantly in Dumai City. This is done to see the policy deficiency raises many problems because this concept is a link made by Dumai City Government with its application social norm whose function is different based on time and in the field in handling poverty problem. place. In addition, the definition also differs based on the circumstances of the public. They can not describe the In general, the study of poverty alleviation programs in phenomenon of the reality of poverty between one society or Indonesia needs to be done, this is because many the state with other people or countries (Mohd Taib Dora, Indonesians who have long been under the poverty line. This 1997: 14). The policies and strategies used by a country in situation causes many Indonesian citizens who perform undue tackling the problem of poverty are always different based on actions, such as stealing, begging and so forth. The study of the development phase at any given time. In the 1950s and poverty problem in Dumai city also needs to be done, because 1960s, the emphasis of development was given to a growth Dumai City became one of the cities in Riau Province which model that emphasized investment and growth output (Domar has developed since becoming Municipality.

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