International Seminar of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010

ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF BONAI ETHNIC OF PROVINCE (Empowerment Preparation) Rd. SitiSofrosidiq University of Riau Faculty of Political and Social Sciences [email protected]

DidinSyarifuddin SekolahTinggiManajemenPariwisata (STMP) BSI Bandung Jl. SekolaInternasional 1-6, Antapani Bandung [email protected]

Abstract Riau Province has the Remote Indigenous Communities of Sakai, Ethnic Sea, Forest Tribe, Tribe Doane, InterstAkit, and Ethnic Doane. Attention all sectors in the Remote Indigenous Communities is one from of awareness and commitment of the government in accelerating national development process is generally located in rural areas difficult to reach, due ti the occurrence of the living standard gap between the other masyarakatkeranaanbering social, and development success can be disrupted, efforts to implement the ditribusion of development cannot be offordable. One of the studies in this review is about the life of indigenous tribes terpenciBonai in Kabupaten Riau Rokan Hulu in the Province, in reality, these communities are still underdeveloped from personal socialist culture and economies, termasukpolalayak, padahal housing environment that is not on the other hand there is the potential that the environment of the Community of Interest Bonai very supportive for a better life, such as potentially the source of the River Fish the price is quite expensive, others have the potential of oli palm land, and cotton trees for the necessities of life, in other words that the welfare and economy is very alarming, art and languages are not developed in accordance with the costoms, religious beliefs professed Islam in general but does not perform in accordance with the creed and still run the trust. The condition of the Remote Indigenous Communities in Rokan Hulu needs to be followed up in accordance with the problems and needs.

Introduction population as a whole, looks, small Remote Indigenous Communities percentage. But when wiewed from Empowerment is one from of different angles, remote indigenous awareness amd commitment of the community problems can cause government in accelerating the varuous problems, among others: development process in areas of 1. The occurence of the living untouched bational development standard gap between the generally located in areas difficult to communities in KAT with other reach. If seen from the number of community lications that can people who are categorized remote cause social insecurity. communities compared with the

International Seminar of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010

2. Belief in the success of Regency of Rokan Hulu, Districts of ’s development and Darussalam Bonai, Village Bonai. progress of the nation may be 1. Geography Rokan Hulu boundaries are: interrupted. - To the north is bordered by 3. Implementation of equitable RokanHilir and North development efforts have not Province; been reached. - To the south by the District XIII Koto Kampar and West The location where the tribes live District isolated and remote access to public ; - To the west by the Province services resulted in a low, even some of of ’ it is totally untouched by basic social - The eastern borders and the services. All citizens wherever they District BangkinangTapung are, are eligible to receive public District, Kampar Regency. services such as aducation, helath, The total area of approximately markets, transport, communications, Rokan Hulu 7.449,84 km2 or security, recognition, rule of law, 7.88% of the area of Riau Province (94,561.60 km2). politics, etc. Rokan Hulu regency consists of 16 districts. Here are the names On the basis of this thought, the of the district based on the government trough the Ministary of extent of Social Affairs to set the Remote N Area Indigenous Communities Program District o Km % (PKAT) to national of the isolated 1. Rokan IV Koto 1.151,5 15,4 location of this residence as a result og (termasukPendalia 2 6 geographical condition (nature), social, n IV Koto) culture, economic, political, and social 2. TambusaiKepenu 1.127,5 15,1 han 0 3 culture PKAT program as a form of (termasukKepenu concern and commitment f the han Hulu) government process in the Remote 3. Darussalam 828,03 11,1 Indigenous Communities (RIC). 1 Riau Province consist of 10 (ten) 4. Rambah 800,23 10,7 4 ditricts and 2 (two) cities. Districts 5. Tandum 396,65 5,32 have the RIS is 6. Kabun 396 5,32 No Districts Ethnicity 7. RambahHilir 387,81 5,21 1. Indragiri Hulu TalangMamak 8. RambahSamo 294,66 3,96 2. Indragiri Hilir Duano 9. BangunPurba 249,90 3,35 3. AkitdanHutan 10 PangaranTapah 219,59 2,95 4. Meranti Laut . 5. Rokan Hulu Bonai 11 Darussalam 125,25 1,68 . OVERVIEW 12 Ujung Batu 90,57 1,22 .

International Seminar of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010

population in balance with the The distance is the location of woman. The number of the Remote Indigenous households as a whole, there Communities are as follows: were 90 049 household.  From the provincial Population density is 52 square capital + 4-5 hours perkilometer soul. Remote (using the vehicle wheet Indigenous Communities 4); located in the district of Rokan  From district to district Hulu in the two district and 7 capitals + 2-3 hours villages. In the District there (menggunakan wheelers Darussalam Bonai in 5 villages 4); namely Bonai Village, Sontang,  From the capital district Sono Bay, Padang and to the village of + 30 KasangKasangMungkal with minutes (use a 4-wheel the number of 658 heads of vehicle or 2); households (2947 inhabitants).  From village to the While in the District are in the remote licaion of village Fullness UlakPatian and indigenous communities RantauBinuangSakti, +1 hour (using a rowing amounting to 337 heads of boat) ar 1 hour using families (1790 inhabitants). pompong. The government’s goal to empower indigenous 2. Governance communities in 2010 directed to Rokan Hulu Regency was Kasang hamlet located in the formed since 1999 under the village of SalakKasang with the law. 53 of 1999 and the Decress number of 60 heads of of the Minister of Interior No. households. In general, public 75 in 1999 with capital of Sand employment rates are the Pangaraian. At first the fishermen and laborers Bonai establishment of Rokan Hulu fishermen. Total population is District consists of 7 districts. 3544 Villages Bonai soul with Currently the number of village the composition of the male and district as many as 127. population and female soul Bonai Sub Darussalam has 7 1807 soul 1737. Village desan the village consists of 4 residents amounted to 537 head units and 3 of village self- KasangSalak families (1530 driven. inhabitants). There are human settlements on 3. Population the outskirts of The population in Rokah Hulu flow with the number of house Regency at the end of 2007 18 units. Size of house varies, there were 385,425 inhabitants. among other, 4×4 feet, 3×4 This amount consists of the meters and 4×5 meters which is male population is 195,695 inhabitanted by 2-6 families. people (50.77%) and189,730 female inhabitants (49.23%). 4. Social Overall, the size of the male

International Seminar of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010

Social activities are held in Communities residing in these Rokan Hulu regenc consists of districts. education, health, regilion and other activities. From the Worship Facilities preliminary information, the Houses of worship contained in Hamlet KasangSalak social Rokan Hulu many as 457 activities has not been mosques, 442 break, 389 programed to date. mushalla and 18 churches. In Sub Bonai Darussalam Education (including the District Kunto Public school located in the Darussalam) there were 74 District is Bonai Darussalam mosque and mosque. In the Primary School (9 units) and village itself Bonai new junior (1 unit). While the mosques and mosque have each private school that exist today numbered 1 unit. Meanwhile, in are kindergarten (2 units) and Remote Indigenous Primary Education (2 units). Communities daerak not yet Here can be seen the number of have the means or worship at schools, pupils and teachers in all. District BoaniDarusssalam. 5. Agriculture Level of blng stdnt tchrs Rokan Hulu Regency area Education which has an area of 760,475 ha Kindergarten 2 21 9 consisting of 3905 hectares State Primary 9 1.120 78 (0,51%) fields and the Sch remainder (756,570) represents Private Primary 2 384 17 dry land. While in the District Sch of Bonai Darussalam has an 1 112 13 State Junior area of 80,000 hectares of land High Sch composition is as follows:

In the village there are 2 new Bonai own Primary School, a No JenisLahan Luas Private Primary School and 1 (Ha) junior. To continue their 1. Sawah 0 education at school, student 2. Pekarangan 336 must go to District Saber. Bonai 3. Bangunan 4.211 Village community education 4. LadangHuma 3.335 levels are low, while in Hamlet 5. Rawa 6.336 KasangSalak even very low. 6. Tanah Kering 17.471 7. Perkebunan 46.980 Health 8. Tanah Lain- 977 Existing health facilities in Lain District Bonai Darussalam in 1 PHC, 4 health center, a mobile Income from the agricultural health center and 459 integrated sector in the from of paddy health. Unfortunately the fields that have an area of 430 facilities and services can not hectares with a production be felt by Remote Indigenous

International Seminar of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010

capacity of 838,500 tons manufacture of mattersses (including crops). and rattan of fishing equipment (traps, fish trap, 6. Trade and Cooperatives/ nets and fishing line). Institution Economy Types of fish produced is Institutions that have business Baung Fish, Shrimp Jala, in the District Bonai Catfish, Fish and Fish slice Darussalam is 1 CV, 1 PO Sepat. The selling price of (stores), 4 KUD, 1 Kopkar, 1 fishermen and fishing Koptan,1 and 2 KoperasoKopsa workers ranger between Rp other. 3.000 to Rp 65.000 (for fish Salai). The price of the most 7. Transportation expensive fresh fish usually The length of roads in Rokan USD. 15,000. Constraints Hulu Regency based on data faced by the fishermen is from 2007 is 1,670, 859 which the lack of market in consisted of 270 075 km of Hamlet KasangSalak asphalt roads, gravel roads and making it difficult the 944 483 456 301 dirt road. The marketing of their catch. condition of the road to the Distirct along well categorized 2. Art and Language 468.183 km, 611.801 km with Implementation of local art he condition being and 341,605 events in Bonai Tribe has damaged. not had any done since it requires a huge cost. Types Means of transport in Sub of arts such as dance Zapin, Bonai Darussalam to the Badeo Dance, The present 4 units of public Language used is language transport buses. that resembles Bonai Riau Malay language in general. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL LIFE OF CULTURAL 3. Religion and Belief INTEREST BONAI in general the local people converted to Islam but there 1. Welfare and Economic are still many who hold firm Pranata beliefs that are inconsistenst There PT CPI (Chevron with the creed of Islam Pasific Indonesia) around itself (animism). To the District and Village implement the worship Bonai, but the potential that congregation, KasangSalak exists around the location of Village residents are Remote Indigenous generally only do it once a Communities in the hamlet week. It is tailored to the of Palm SwaitKasangSalak market day that falls on as is that have been planted Friday. since 5 years ago. Cotton jams there are trees for the 4. Kinship

International Seminar of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010

Patterns of kinship is still  Gilo fish trap (fish strong, especially to the trap that moves by elder people (ninikmamak). itself due to the Interactions with other distribution of hamlets are not oftem done mysticism); because it is constrained by  Koba (a type of the means of transportation cuisine Bonai). are still very limited. Influence ninikmamak and The tribes people Bonai village officials huge to After the entry of Islam citizens. (tariqa) and culture in LUHAK Fullness, 5. A Brief History of Ethnic then some of them split and Bonai formed tribes which are Origin of name recognized by BonaiDerivedfrom the costomary density LUHAK words in the language Fullness namely: BonaiManai which means  Spare Molayu; lazy. This first originated  Spare Long; from a group of people  Bosa Interest sakai and Bona are lazy. Molayu; Ethnic Bonai in Rokan Hulu  Spare Cage regency located at Sungai Kopuh; Rokan  Spare Bono Ampu; People Bonai in UlakPatian  Spare Kuti; Ethnic Origin  Spare Monilang; BonaiUlakPatin came from

KampungNonom in

RokanKiri, DistrctBonai 6. Pranata Descendants/ Darussalam. They come Kinship Relation Follow the kinship of the from BonaiOnom Mind of parents and the inheritance Kampong Titian Gadiang, of men treated according to SeiMuari and Rao-Rao who the teachings of Islam. came in groups in 1935. Name of relatives of the

parents of children follow Traditiob and Beliefs the men. After the marriage, People Bonai generally settling in the Values an their cultural place of men. roots can be seen in the form of tradition blend with

Sufi culture, such as: 7. Social Networking/Interaction  Dance In Hamlet Kasang, BuongKwayang; interaction limites to buying  Dance Vigorous; and selling relationship  Hold Kuli (a type of between toke with citizens. whistle); Meanwhile, interaction with other village residents are

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very limited due to the house. Lighting in the transportation constraints. home comes from the Generally, interaction with outboard lamps that can not other villagers occur onec a be used during rain and high week at the commencement winds. of the Friday prayer and days worship market. ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES AND EMPOWERMENT ACTIVITIES 8. Edicationand Health The level of education is 1. Participatory Approach still very with the number of Model illiterate persons are still Remote Indigenous Community lots and school-age children residentsaas actors in the who do not follow the process of empowerment that lwssons in schools. This is develops as the capacity and mainly caused by the strengthening local institutional location of settlements that and maximum utilization of can only be reached by recources (potential) that are rowing boat, while still a available locally. few people who could have To optimize this potential such means of requires process: transportation. Environmental health Process Awareness condition are also very bad  Citizens should be able because the place to stay to identify and inventory close to the edge of the river the problems faced and (between 2-4 meters). now to overcome them;  Introduction of the 9. Settlement Patterns and symptoms felt by the MCK residents, both Settlement pattern follows individuals and their the contours of the river, families; stretching to the left and  Recognizing the right. Number of homes emergence of a problem consisting of 18 house with the link and the inhabited by 2-6 families. link between one event The number of family with another event. member consist of 3-9  Introduction to how to people in one house. Size of tackle the problem, the house in general 4×5 namely a way to meters boards, semperan overcome existing bark or plastic. Not all problems in the family houses have windows. Floor or a group; house made of boards with  Provide awareness that a a height of 1,5 meters. At problem can be resolved the time of rain, floods by removing and usually reach the floor of

International Seminar of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010

eliminating eith all his between central and local efforts; government. It also needs to  To give awareness to involve the companies should people that every family pay attention to the surrounding to cope and can cope environment. with and to cooperate in realizing the optimal 3. Integrated Approach life. Integrating between models with one another, so that the target will be achieved well. Thus the expected beneficiaries can be felt directly by citizens. Participant Process  Assign and delegate to the citizens to conduct activities REFERENCES related to daily needs; UU Hamidi, MasyarakatTerasing  In all activities, all citizens Daerah Riau di Gerbang Abad of remote indigenous XXI, Rokan Hulu dalamAngka, community must be 2007, Riau dalamAngka. 2008. involved so that in LaporanAkhirStudiKelayakan accordance with needs PersiapanPemberdayaan ranging from the KomunitasAdatTerpencil preparation through (KAT) SukuAkit, 2006 empowerment so that they Data SebaranKomunitasAdat can live independently. TerpencilTahun 2006 yang DimuktakhirkanTahun 2008. 2. Empowerment Approach JurnalSikat, PertemuanNasioanal Model PengkajianHasilStudi Provides us understanting to KelayakanPemberdayaan people that the empowerment of KomunitasAdatTerpencil, citizens is a long process. Tahun 2005 Residentsshouls know that their MasyarakatMelayu Riau, Provinsi TK implementation must be 1 , 1985. through a tender. This model is IlmuKesehatanMassyarakatPrinsip- directed towards the PrinsipDasar, SoekidjoNoto achievement of tergets that Atmojo, RinekaCipta, 1996. must be completed in the MasyarakatMelayu Riau dan handling of empowerment and Kebudayaan, 1985. there must be cooperation

International Seminar of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010