Sistemática Y Zoogeografía De La Familia Lestidae (Odonata- Zygoptera) En La República Argentina Muzon, Javier 1993

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Sistemática Y Zoogeografía De La Familia Lestidae (Odonata- Zygoptera) En La República Argentina Muzon, Javier 1993 Tesis de Posgrado Sistemática y zoogeografía de la familia lestidae (Odonata- Zygoptera) en la República Argentina Muzon, Javier 1993 Tesis presentada para obtener el grado de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: Muzon, Javier. (1993). Sistemática y zoogeografía de la familia lestidae (Odonata-Zygoptera) en la República Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/Download/Tesis/Tesis_2614_Muzon.pdf Cita tipo Chicago: Muzon, Javier. "Sistemática y zoogeografía de la familia lestidae (Odonata-Zygoptera) en la República Argentina". Tesis de Doctor. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 1993. http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/Download/Tesis/Tesis_2614_Muzon.pdf Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS Y NATURALES SISTEMATICA Y ZOOGEOGRAFIA DE LA FAMILIA LESTIDAE (ODONATA — ZYGOPTERA) EN LA REPUBLICA ARGENTINA Trabajo de Tesis realizado para optar al título de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas. AUTOR: JAVIER MUZON DIRECTOR: DR. AXEL OSCAR BACHMANN CO-DIRECTOR: DR. JUAN ALBERTO SCHNACK 1993 A Julián, que espero pueda entender las ausencias­ Ellos. en cambio. estan sentados friamente en las sombras frias: no quieren ser sino espectadores en todo, y se guardan muy bien de sentarse donde e] so] abrase los escalones. F.Nietzsche La explicación no contiene ninguna información diferente, que no estuviese ya en 1a descripcion. G.Bateson CONTENIDO RESUMEN . .. i AGRADECIMIENTOS . .. iv INTRODUCCION . .. 1 MORFOLOGIA . .. 5 Características generales del Orden Odonata. .. 6 Morfología de las estructuras diagnósticas . .. 10 MATERIAL Y METODOS . .. 28 Métodos de conservación . .. 29 Ultraestructura . .. 31 Dimensiones . .. 31 Colecciones estudiadas . .. 31 SISTEMATICA . .. 33 Familia Lestidae . .. 34 Género Archilestes Selys 1862 . .. 40 Consideraciones acerca del gn. Archilestes . .. 41 Archilestes exoletus (Selys 1862) . .. 47 Género Lestes Leach 1815 . .. 54 Diagnosis del gn. Lestes . .. 56 Lestes auritus Hagen in Selys 1862. .. 57 Lestes bipupillatus Calvert 1909. .. 68 Lestes dichrostigma Calvert 1909. .. 75 Lestes forficula Rambur 1842 . .. 85 Lestes paulistus Calvert 1909. .. 97 Lestes pictus Selys 1862 . .. 107 Lestes spatula Fraser 1946. .. 114 Lestes tricolor Erichson 1848. .. 126 Lestes undulatus Say 1839 . .. 133 ZOOGEOGRAFIA . .. 147 Introducción . .. 148 Aspectos zoogeográficos de la Familia Lestidae en la Región Neotropical . .. 151 Aspectos zoogeográficos de la Familia Leetidae en la República Argentina . .. 155 CONCLUSIONES . .. 160 BIBLIOGRAFIA . .. 163 RESUMEN La Familia Lestidae, de distribución cosmopolita. se halla representada en la Región Neotropical por cerca de 30 especies agrupadas en la subfamilia Lestinae. Noexisten en la actualidad revisiones nivel mundial, su estado de conocimiento a nivel Neotropical es inicial. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo ser el punto de partida para su estudio regional. Los miembros de la Familia Lestidae se caracterizan por habitar generalmente en ambientes lénticos semipermanentes, tal comocharcas, esteros y bañados. Desarrollan una diapausa, generalmente en el estado huevo, desplegando un ciclo larval corto sincronizado con la variabilidad ambiental. Los machospresentan genitales secundarios caracterizados por la reducción o ausencia del segmento III y el desarrollo de tres o cuatro pliegues en el segmento II: el pliegue interno, y dos o tres pliegues terminales. Los apéndices caudales superiores son forcipados, más largos que el último segmento abdominal; mientras que los inferiores poseen una mayor variabilidad, pudiendo ser tan largos como los superiores, de longitud menor e incluso vestigiales. El gonoporo se ubica ventralmente en el segmento IX, protegido por las placas que conforman el opérculo genital. Las hembras poseen un ovipositor en terebra, el cual permite 1a oviposición endofitica. Presentan, en general, un patrón de coloración similar al de los machos. Los caracteres diagnósticos de mayor valor sistemático son: la morfología del segmento terminal del pene, de los apéndices caudales superiores e inferiores y el patrón de coloración del pterotoráx. El presente trabajo está basado en el estudio sistemático y zoogegráfico de las especies de la Familia Lestidae presentes en la República Argentina. A tal fin se han revisado las más importantes colecciones del pais y del extranjero, pudiéndo destacarse aquellas depositadas en el Museo de La Plata, Museo“Bernardino Rivadavia", Instituto "Miguel Lillo”, MuseoNacional de Historia Natural (Washington. D.C.), Museo Británico y Museode Berlin; asi como importantes colecciones privadas. Durante el transcurso del presente trabajo se realizaron diversos viajes de campaña, principalmente a la Mesopotamia, área Platense y Patagonia. De los ejemplares estudiados puede concluirse que la Familia Lestidae se halla representada en nuestro país por 10 especies, agrupadas en dos géneros; Archilestes exoletus, Lestes auritus, L. bipupillatus, L. dichrostigma, L.forficu1a, L. paulistus, L. pictus, L. spatula, L- tricolor y L. undulatus. Se describen por primera vez la hembra de L. auritus y L.paulistus: asi comoel último estadío larval de L.spatula y L.undulatus. L.auritus se cita por primera vez para la Argentina, y se designa y redescribe su lectotipo macho. Se brindan, además, las listas sinonimicas completas de todas las especies mencionadas, como también la redescripción y variaciones de su estado adulto, en base principalmente a ejemplares procedentes de la Argentina. Se realizó, por primera vez, el estudio de la ultraestructura de los genitales secundarios y los apéndices caudales en la totalidad de las especies, mediante el uso del Microscopio Electrónico de Barrido del Servicio de Microscopía Electrónica del Museo de La Plata. En base a la información pre-existente, y aquella recabada durante el presente estudio. se elaboraron las áreas de distribución de todas las especies, discutiéndose posteriormente sus afinidades faunísticas. Se propone un origen gondwánicode las especies del género Lestes, mientras que aquellas agrupadas en Archilestes podrían ser paleoamericanas. De las especies presentes en la Argentina todas, excepto L. forficula, se distribuyen básicamente en el área de influencia del cratón Brasilia. Las especies con mayor área de distribución en nuestro país son L- spatula y L. undulatus, mientras que el resto se encuentra casi exclusivamente en los extremos norte de las provincias de Misiones, Salta y Jujuy. AGRADECIMIENTOS A mi director de tesis, Dr. Axel Oscar Bachmann, por su permanentey desinteresada disposición, sus valiosas criticas y su clara y estimulante defensa de la sistemática y de la taxionomía. Al Dr. Juan Alberto Schnack, co-director de tesis y amigo, quien me brindó su cálida amistad, y permanentemente orientó y colaboró en mi trabajo desde los principios de mi carrera. Al Dr. Gerhard Jurzitza, por haberme brindado su amistad y el valioso asesoramiento en el campode 1a odonatología. Al Dr. Gustavo R. Spinelli, por sus inestimables e incontables sugerencias, y por su enorme paciencia y perseverancia. A mis compañeros Lic. Ana Lia Estevez y Dr. Néstor G. Basso por sus desinteresado apoyo e importantes sugerencias. A la Lic. Andrea Dippolito por su apoyo logístico en la concresión de este trabajo. Al Dr. Rosser W. Garrison por sus valiosas sugerencias y por permitirme el estudio de su colección privada. A los Dres. Ricardo Ronderos, Axel O. Bachmann y Abraham Willink por sus consejos y por permitirme el estudio de las colecciones a su cargo. A los Dres. Oliver S. Flint Jr. del MuseoNacional de Historia Natural de EEUU, Stephen Brooks del Museo Británico, Kürt K. Günther del Museo de Berlin, Sidney w. Dunkle y Minter iv J. Westfall Jr. del International OdonataResearch Institute (Gainesville) y a la Dra. Janira. Martins Costa del Museode Rio de Janeiro por haberme permitido el estudio de las colecciones a su cargo. A mis compañeros y autoridades del Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" por el apoyo prestado. A los técnicos del Servicio de Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido del Museode La Plata, Srta. Patricia Sarmiento y Lic. Rafael Urréjola, por su enorme paciencia en 1a realización de los estudios de ultraestructura. Finalmente, quiero agradecer muy especialmente a mis padres, Aida y Ricardo, por haberme brindado todo su apoyo en la elección de esta carrera y por permitirme haber desplegado una estrategia "k" a lo largo de casi toda mi vida; a mi esposa Susana. quien, a veces estoicamente (y otras no tanto). soportó todos los inconvenientes (quizás demasiados) de esta hermosa profesión. A mi hijo Julián, que espero pueda comprenderme y perdone los retos y las ausencias. A mis amigos: Paeto, el Tano, Néstor, y Omar. I NTRODUCCI ON El Orden Odonata
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