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Lista De Especies Costarricenses Del Orden Odonata (Insecta) De Las Que Se Conoce La Náyade

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Lista De Especies Costarricenses Del Orden Odonata (Insecta) De Las Que Se Conoce La Náyade Rev. Biol. Trop., 44(3)/45(1): 225-232, 1996-1997 Lista de especies costarricenses del orden Odonata (Insecta) de las que se conoce la náyade AlonsoRamírez Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, EEUU. (Ree. I-IX-1995. Rev. 14-XI-1995. Aeep. 21-VI-1996) Abstraet: There are almost 280 species of Odonata in Costa Rica, of which 142 have their naiad described. Two families have a11 their species described, Calopterygidae and Cordulegastridae, and one has not naiad description for the country, Platystictidae. The rest of the families are in different states of knowledge: Perilestidae, Protoneuridae and Cordulüdae have only one species with the naiad described; Polythoridae has three; Pseudostigmatidae has four; Lestidae and Megapodagrionidae have seven' Aeshnidae has 16; Coenagrionidae 19; Gomphidae 20 and finally Libellulidae has 55. A check1ist of alí those species with the description of the naiad is presented, along with the bibliographic reference. Key Words: Odonata, immature instars, taxonomy, aquatic entomology, check1ist, tropical. Parapoder analizar el estadodel conocimiento Su grancapacidad de depredación lasconvierte del orden Odonata, se debe hacer primero una en parte fundamental para el equilibrio de los división importante entre el estado del cono­ ecosistemas acuáticos, en los que en muchos cimiento de los adultos y el de los inmaduros o casosrepresentan los mayoresdepredadores. Esto, náyades. Hay grandesdiferencias entreambos y al aunado a la grancantidad hábitats de en los que se igual que sucede con otros grupos los adultos se encuentran, ha motivado a algunos investigadores empezarona estudiarprimero (Santos 1981). a utilizarlas en el control de plagas perjudiciales Las náyades se pueden encontrar habitando para el hombre, como los zancudos o mosquitos prácticamente todos los cuerpos de agua dulce e transmisores de enfermedades. Sebastian et al. incluso en algunos casos salobres (e. g. (1990) utilizaron náyades de la familia Libe­ Erythrodiplax berenice). Así pues, las encon­ llulidaeen programasde controlde Aedes aegypti tramos en lagos, ríos, quebradas, pantanos, char­ con excelentes resultados. En contraposición, se cas temporales e incluso en el agua que se han encontrado náyades de libélulas colonizadoras acumula en las axilas de las hojas de las bro­ enestanques para cultivo de peces, dondedepredan melias tipo "tanque" (Calvert 1911b), en los alevines y producen perdidas considerablesen las huecos de árboles y en tallos quebrados (Corbet cosechas. 1983). Cubrirlas lagunas de información que existen En los cuerpos de agua la combinación de sobre la biología de las náyades de odonatos tro­ factoresfísicos, como velocidadde corriente, tipo picales es un trabajo muy extenso, dado lo poco de sustrato y temperatura, combinado con otros que se conoce al respecto. El presente trabajo biológicos como cantidadde nutrientes, y tipo de centra sus esfuerzosen reunir informacióntaxo­ vegetación acuática, hace que en un solo cuerpo nómicadispersa en gran cantidadde fuentes y con de agua se encuentre una cantidad increible de gran separación en el tiempo, con el fin de microbábitats. A pesar de ello, prácticamente aportar una base de datos inicial que sea de uti­ nada se conoce sobre la distribución espacial de lidadpara aquellos que se interesenen esta fase náyadesde odonatostropicales (paulson 1982). del orden. 226 REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL MATERIAL Y METODOS publicó una clave paralas familiasde libélulas de México y Centroamérica. Para la elaboración del presente trabajo se Solamente el 28% de las familias poseen una tomó como base la lista de especies de Costa clave para separar sus géneros, a saber: Lestidae Rica publicada por Paulson (1982), esta es la (Novelo- Gutiérrez y González- Soriano 1991), más reciente que se conoce parael país. Para co­ Megapodagrionídae (Novelo-Gutiérrez 1989), nocer cuales especies contaban con la respectiva Aeshnidae (Carvalho 1990, Novelo- Gutiérrez y descripción de su náyade se realizó una revisión González- Soriano 1991) y Gompbidae (Belle bibliográfica y se consultó a instituciones y espe­ 1992, A.Ramírez, en prep). Además, el 35% de cialistasrelacionados con el campo. las familias son monogenéricas, por lo que al describirse una de sus náyades se puede iden­ RESULTADOSy DISCUSION tificar el género. Del resto, los géneros se pueden identificar revisando la literatura y com­ La Lista. 1 presenta las especies de odonatos parandocon descripciones de náyades similares. de Costa Rica que cuentan con su náyade descrita, La separación de las especies es más com­ junto al nombre de la especie aparece, entreparé­ plicada, de los 78 géneros reportados parael país, ntesis, la referencia bibliográfica donde se des­ 27 cuentan con la descripción de todaslas náyades cribe este estadio. Algunas especies fueron des­ de sus especies; de ellos 23 son monoespecíficos. critas en varios trabajos por lo que se mencionan De los cuatro géneros con más de dos especies, dos o más citas. Se hace referencia a aquellas tres poseen algún estudio donde se abarcaron especies que se encuentran en proceso de des­ todas ellas y contienen una clave para su sepa­ cripción por algún autor y que serán publicadas a ración, a saber: Hetaerina (ZIoty et al. 1993), corto plazo. Progomphus (Belle 1991) y Archilestes Paulson (1982) publicó la única lista de es­ (Ramírez, 1994). pecies de Odonata de CostaRica conocidahasta el Finalmente, 16 géneros no poseen ninguna momento, en ella se reportan 228 especies. Por descripción de sus estados inmaduros, algunos su parte, C.Esquivel (com. per.) considera que comoPalaemnema, cuentan con gran cantidadde bay aproximadamente 60 especies más entre especies, nueve en estecaso. nuevos registros y especies nuevas para la ciencia. En la lista de Paulson se reportan 58 LISTA 1 especies con la náyade descrita, mientras que la que presentamos a continuación contiene 128 Especies de Odonata de Costa Rica que especies en esta condición. El aumento, a más del cuentan con su náyade descrita. AlIado de cada doble, se debe tanto al avance en el estudio del especie aparece, entre paréntesis, la cita biblio­ grupo en los últimos 10 años como a los nuevos gráficadonde se describela náyade. registros para el país. El Cuadro 1 desglosa la situación taxonómica de cada familia y el orden en general. Se observa SUBORDEN ZYGOPTERA que la familia Platystictidae no cuenta con nin­ POLYTHORIDAE guna de sus náyades descritas para Costa Rica. Cora chirripa Calvert (Calvert 1911) C. marina Sélys (Novelo-Gutiérrez & González­ Mientras que otras dos, Calopterygidae y Cordu­ Soriano 1985) legastridae, cuentan con todas descritas. Dos más C. skinnery Calvert (ARamírez, en prep.) sobrepasan el 50%, mientras que el resto se ubican por debajo de ese valor. En este cuadro se CALOPTERYGIDAE le da al orden un total de 280 especies, este es un Hetaerina caja Drury(Geíjskes 1943, ZIoty et al. valoraproximado al número real, por las razones 1993) anteriormente expuestas. H. capitalis Sélys (De Marmels1985, Zloty et La identificación de las familia está resuelta al. 1993) para todo el orden. De Marmels (1990) publicó H. cruentata Rambur (Zlotyet al. 1993) una clave para los estadios fmales de las náyades H. fuscoguttata Sélys (ZIoty et al. 1993) H. majuscula Sélys (Zloty et al. 1993) de Odonata venezolanas, en la que incluye 13 de H. miniata Sélys (ZIoty el al. 1993) las 14 familias costarricenses. Afortunadamente, H. occisa Hagen in Sélys (Geijskes 1946, Zloty la familia omitida (perilestidae) no posee más que et al. 1993) dos especies para la zona y es catalogada como H. sempronia Hagen (Zloty et al. 1993) una familia poco común (Esquivel 1990). En lo H. titia Drury (ZIoty el al. 1993) que respectaa las fonnas adultas, Esquivel(1990) A. Ramírez: Especies costarricenses del orden Odonata ... 227 LESTIDAE SUBORDEN ANISOPTERA Archilestes grandis Rambur (Needham 1904) AESHNIDAE A. latialatus Donnelly (Novelo-Gutiérrez 1992) Aeshna comigeraBrauer (De Marmels1982) A. neblina Garrison (Ramírez 1994) A. jalapensis Williamson (Calvert 1956) Lestes alacer Hagen (Novelo-Gutiérrez & A. psilus Calvert (Calvert 1956) González-Soriano 1991) Anax amazili Burmeister (Cabot 1881) L.forficula Rambur (Calvert 1927) A. concolor Brauer (Geijsk:es 1968) L. scalaris Gunlach (Needham 1941b) Coryphaeschna adnexa Hagen (Santos 1970a) L. tenuatus Rambur (Geijskes 1941) C. pe"ensi MacLachlan (Santos 1969a) C. viriditas Calvert (Calvert 1956) PERILESTIDAE Gynacantha gracilis Burmeister (Santos 1973b) Perissolestes magdalenae Wmsn. y Wmsn. G. membranalis Karsch (Santos 1987) (Novelo-Gutiérrez & González-Soriano 1986) G. mexicanaSélys (Carvalho & Ferreira 1989) G. nervosa Rambur (Williams 1937) MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE G. tibiata Karsch (Ramírez1993) Heteragrion albifrons Ris (Novelo-Gutiérrez Remartinea luteipennis Burmeister (Calvert 1987) 1948, 1956) H. erythrogastrum Sélys (Ranúrez 1992) Staurophlebia reticulata Burmeister (Geijskes & H. majus Sélys (A.Ramírez, en prep.) Hummelinck 1959) Philogenia carrillica Calvert (Ramírez-Ulate & Triacanthagyna caribbea Williamson (Santos Novelo-Gutiérrez 1994) 1973a) P. te"aba Calvert (Ramírez-Ulate & Novelo­ T. dentata Geijskes (De MarmeIs 1992) Gutiérrez 1994) T. ditzleri Williamson (Carvalho 1988) P. peacoki Brooks (Ramírez-Ulate & Novelo­ T. trífida Sélys (Rambur 1842) Gutiérrez 1994) Thaumatoneura inopinata MacLachlan(Calvert GOMPHIDAE 1915) Agriogomphus tumens Calvert (Novelo-Gutiérrez 1989) PSEUDOSTIGMATIDAE Aphylla angustifolia Garrison (Needham 1940) Mecistogaster modesta Sélys
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