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Dragonflies and Damselflies of Ohio F I E L D G U I D E DIVISION of WILDLIFE I Ntroduction

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Dragonflies and Damselflies of Ohio F I E L D G U I D E DIVISION of WILDLIFE I Ntroduction dragonflies and damselflies of ohio f i e l d g u i d e DIVISION OF WILDLIFE I ntroduction hio is a great state for dragonfly and Until recently, learning about dragonflies been an enormous increase in interest in O damselfly diversity. To date, 164 species and damselflies has been difficult for the Odonata; not surprising, given their have been recorded, and like vagrant birds, the casual naturalist. The beautiful appearance and incredible flying out-of-range dragonflies can appear far from only books available were abilities. The Odonata are also excellent their normal haunts. The newest addition to out-of-date technical indicators of water quality and thus Ohio’s Odonata (the order of insects that manuals. This booklet serve as barometers of the health of our includes dragonflies and damselflies) were is one of several new streams, lakes, and wetlands. several striped saddlebags, Tramia calverti, publications that which were found in late summer of 2006 provide an introduction at Magee Marsh Wildlife Area on western to dragonflies and Lake Erie – far from their normal range in damselflies. There has the extreme southern U.S. With 7,000 miles of streams and scores of lakes, ponds, and wetlands, Ohio has plenty of good places to look for dragonflies and damselflies. Some of the best spots are listed beginning on page 9. photography l DRAGONFLY: ODNR DIVISION OF WILDLIFE able of contents Text by: Dave McShaffrey and Bob Glotzhober T © Front Cover • Widow Skimmer/Back cover • Common Green Darner (photos by: Dave McShaffrey) 1 How to Use This Booklet 30 Spreadwings – Family Lestidae 49 • Eastern Pondhawk 3 Dragonfly and Damselfly Families 30 • Southern Spreadwing 50 • Dot-tailed Whiteface 4 Life Cycle of Dragonflies and Damselflies 31 • Slender Spreadwing 51 • Widow Skimmer 5 Dragonfly and Damselfly Habitats 32 Petaltails – Family Petaluridae 52 • Twelve-spotted Skimmer 9 Places to Find Dragonflies and Damselflies 32 • Gray Petaltail 53 • Painted Skimmer 11 Broad-Winged Damselflies – 33 Darners – Family Aeshnidae 54 • Slaty Skimmer Family Calopterygidae 33 • Shadow Darner 55 • Blue Dasher 11 • Ebony Jewelwing 34 • Common Green Darner 56 • Wandering Glider 12 • American Rubyspot 35 • Swamp Darner 57 • Eastern Amberwing 13 Pond Damselflies – Family Coenagrionidae 36 • Springtime Darner 58 • Common Whitetail 13 • Eastern Red Damsel 37 • Fawn Darner 59 • Ruby Meadowhawk 14 • Blue-fronted Dancer 38 Clubtails – Family Gomphidae 60 • Band-winged Meadowhawk 15 • Violet Dancer 38 • Unicorn Clubtail 61 • Autumn Meadowhawk 16 • Powdered Dancer 39 • Black-shouldered Spinyleg 62 • Black Saddlebags 17 • Blue-ringed Dancer 40 • Midland Clubtail 63 Endangered Species 18 • Blue-tipped Dancer 41 • Ashy Clubtail 64 • Racket-tailed Emerald 19 • Aurora Damsel 42 • Dragonhunter 65 • Elfin Skimmer 20 • Rainbow Bluet 43 Spiketails – Family Cordulegastridae 66 • Hine’s Emerald 21 • Azure Bluet 43 • Arrowhead Spiketail 67 Glossary 22 • Double-striped Bluet 44 River Cruisers – Family Macromiidae 69 Checklist of Ohio’s Dragonflies 23 • Familiar Bluet 44 • Swift River Cruiser & Damselflies 24 • Stream Bluet 45 Emeralds – Family Corduliidae 71 References & Acknowledgments 25 • Skimming Bluet 45 • Common Baskettail 26 • Orange Bluet 46 • Prince Baskettail 27 • Citrine Forktail 47 Pond Skimmers – Family Libellulidae 28 • Fragile Forktail 47 • Calico Pennant 29 • Eastern Forktail 48 • Halloween Pennant H ow to use this booklet any odonates (dragonflies and sections. Segment 10 is the most posterior; they make up the bulk of the head, and damselflies) can be identified in the field segment 1 is next to the thorax. There are each facet serves as a photoreceptor Mwith a good look. Close-focusing binoculars two pairs of wings and six legs, all of which angled in a slightly different direction than are very helpful for making observations. are attached to the thorax. The main parts the others. The upshot is that dragonflies Occasionally you will need to capture a of the leg are the upper leg or femur, the have extraordinarily acute vision, and specimen for close study. Long-handled lower leg or tibia, and the foot or tarsus can see in nearly every insect nets are indispensable for this purpose. (which is comprised of three segments direction simultaneously. Handle the insect with care, and after study and ends with a pair of claws). The Because of the presence release it. Advances in digital cameras have head bears two small antennae and of four to five opsins made it possible to photograph odonates so enormous compound eyes as well as (light sensitive proteins), well that many can be identified later, if you the various mouthparts. they see layers of color can’t figure it out at the time. However, there (especially ultraviolet light) will be occasional specimens that must be Few animals – humans included undetectable to people. examined under a microscope to properly – can see as well as dragonflies. They identify – and even then it might not be easy! have specialized compound eyes, and each eye can have up to 30,000 s 1 Warm, sunny days are always best for finding g n } active damselflies and dragonflies. facets. These eyes are so large that i W Thorax To use this booklet you only need to know Head a few simple terms, shown to the right. Dorsal Additional terms can be found in the glossary at the back of this booklet. The front of an insect is the anterior end, the tail is the Anterior Posterior Abdomen posterior, the upper surface is dorsal and the Femur lower surface is ventral. An insect’s body is divided into three main parts, the head, the Tarsus Tibia thorax, and the abdomen of 10 segments or Ventral illustration l DRAGONFLY: TRACY L. GREENWALT H ow to use this booklet hen you see a dragonfly or damselfly, ask yourself these questions: How W hindwing length does it hold its wings? Are there any species name (common & Latin with pronunciation) patterns on the wings? What colors and discussion points patterns do you see on the abdomen? What color is the face? What habitat is it flying in? What is it doing – patrolling a territory, laying eggs, perching over the water, or eating? How large is it? The scale habitat across the bottom of each page illustrates the length of each species, which ranges from the tiny fragile forktail (< one inch) to the giant swamp darner (3 ½ inches). Once you have answered these questions refer to this booklet and see if you can find a similar species. Remember too that this booklet 2 contains only about a third of the 164 flight period gender* } species known from Ohio. Check the list of more comprehensive guides at the end of the booklet to help you identify species not covered here. range of average lengths of the species Ohio counties where species has been documented areas of Ohio family name *On pages indicating both male and female of the (common & Latin with pronunciation) species, images are not in relative proportion to one another. D ragonfly & damselfly families hio’s damselflies are grouped into three families and the dragonflies into seven families. The table below will help you identify the O families and move more quickly to the appropriate section of this booklet. FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS PAGE Damselflies: Slender bodied, eyes well separated on head, slender wings held over back when at rest. Wings attached broadly to thorax, body metallic-colored, wings often with dark areas or with red spot at base. Usually Broad-winged Damselflies 11 found near rivers or streams. Formerly known as narrow-winged damselflies. Wings narrowly attached to body, body various colors, often blue and Pond Damselflies 13 black, wings clear. Found in all aquatic habitats. Wings held at a 45o angle to body at rest, body may or may not be metallic-colored, but wings either clear or tinged with Spreadwing Damselflies 30 amber. Most prefer still waters, but some are found near rivers or streams. Dragonflies: Stout-bodied, eyes separated or meeting, broader wings held outstretched at rest. 3 Petaltails Stocky, large, eyes widely separated, gray and black body. Found near seeps. 32 Eyes meet in a seam along top of head. Size and coloration variable, wings usually clear. Found near ponds, lakes, streams, } Darners 33 and rivers. Eyes widely separated, tip of abdomen expanded into a “clubtail.” Most often found near rivers, but some species prefer Clubtails 38 still waters. Eyes meet only at a single point or are just slightly separated, ovipositor of female extends past the end of the abdomen, Spiketails 43 body usually brown with yellow markings. Found near small to very small streams. Cruisers Large, eyes bright green, body with black and yellow pattern, usually found near rivers. 44 Green eyes, body green and brown with muted yellow patterns, often noticeably hairy, sometimes with patterned Emeralds 45 wings. Near wetlands, ponds or streams. Everything else! A large group ranging from tiny to large, a wide variety of colors, many species with patterned wings, Skimmers 47 eyes highly variable. Usually near open water, but found in other habitats as well. L ife cycle of dragonflies & damselflies onspicuous and easily observed adult might be deposited into water, saturated The adults are C dragonflies and damselflies are but soil, on aquatic plants, or even drilled into what we see part of an amazing life cycle. Depending plants or wet wood. most often, and upon the species, adults may only live for a From the eggs hatch larvae, which are are the focus few weeks to a few months. The adults exist sometimes called nymphs. These larvae of this booklet. primarily to reproduce, and serve important are highly predatory, and are completely Among nature’s ecological roles as predators of small insects aquatic. In some species, larvae may most incredible – including lots of mosquitoes! take four years to reach the point of flying machines, Igor Sikorsky Mating dragonflies are referred to as being transformation into adults – far longer even named in tandem, and they couple together using than the adult will live.
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