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Damselflies of Brazil an Illustrated Identification Guide Southeast Region

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Damselflies of Brazil an Illustrated Identification Guide Southeast Region i ii F.A.A. Lencioni DAMSELFLIES OF BRAZIL AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFICATION GUIDE SOUTHEAST REGION 1st edition Jacareí - São Paulo Frederico Augusto de Atayde Lencioni 2017 iii Damselflies of Brazil - An illustrated identification guide Southeast Region Copyright © 2017 Frederico A.A. Lencioni All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the author. Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) (Câmara Brasileira do Livro, SP, Brasil) Lencioni, F.A.A., 1970- Damselflies of Brazil : an illustrated identification guide [livro eletrônico] : southeast region / F.A.A. Lencioni. -- 1. ed. -- Jacareí, SP : Ed. do Autor, 2017. 395.776 Kb ; PDF Bibliografia ISBN: 978-85-905339-2-4 1. Brasil - Região Sudeste - Guia 2. Libélulas - Brasil - Identificação 3. Zoologia - Brasil I. Título. 17-09168 CDD-595.7330981 Índices para catálogo sistemático: 1. Brasil : Libélulas : Identificação : Entomologia : Zoologia 595.7330981 2. Libélulas : Identificação : Brasil : Entomologia : Zoologia 595.7330981 Photographs, illustrations, layout and text by Frederico A.A. Lencioni (except when noticed). Abstract: This is the first of a three-volume work covering all the described species of damselflies (Zygoptera) of Brazil. The present volume includes all 159 species found in the Southeast region (69 non-Coenagrionidae + 90 Coenagrionidae). To facilitate the identification of species, we have been incorporating keys for families and genera, and diagnostic illustration to all species. The diagnostic illustration now includes high- resolution scans of habitus of approximately 90% of the species (some acetoned and some from live specimens), and 92 photos of live specimens (covering 74 species, representing almost 50% of the species). The publication data also includes the etymology of all species-group and genus-group names. The volume concludes with a glossary and a bibliography of more than 180 papers, cross-referenced with the book. Obs.: This book was designed to be viewed in "2-page" mode with the diagnostic illustrations (and publication data) on the left side of the screen and scans of the specimens on the right side, so several blank pages were inserted to make this happen. All the chapters and new topics also start on odd pages, and for that purpose, blank pages have been inserted. iv I dedicate this book to my wife Angela Schmidt Lourenço Rodrigues, for her company and dedication; To my wonderful kids Nathalia and Frederico which are my contribution to a better and prettier world; To my parents Frederico and Luiza that gave me a different vision of the world and to my brothers Eduardo and Eric; To Angelo B.M. Machado, colleague, friend, and pioneer in the study of Odonata in Brazil. To Bastiaan & Marianne Kiauta, two very good friends who incentivized me all the time. v vi Preface When I started with the idea of writing a book gathering all species of Zygoptera with distribution in Brazil, all the scientists with which I talked about the idea said I was crazy as the information was so sparse that it would be difficult to gather all of it, and even if I were able to get all the information, the volume would be too big to analyze and arrange in a didactic way. It was hard, but after two long years of sleepless nights, organizing the data, I published two volumes, the first in 2005 with all Non-Coenagrionidae species and the second in 2006 with all Coenagrionidae species, and four appendixes (1 - Non- Coenagrionidae described after volume 1; 2 - All described larvae; 3 - Description of Mecistogaster asticta Selys, 1860 larvae, oviposition and larval behavior, and 4 - Damselflies pictures). Twelve years have passed since the publication of the first part of the guide of Zygoptera of Brazil, and many papers on the South American Zygoptera fauna have been published in this period, with material ranging from the larval description, new species, and several generic revisions. The first edition of this book was the first guide to the species of Odonata published on species of South America (von Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2007, IDF report 11), covering the largest and most biodiverse country on the South American continent. Of course, on that first attempt to bring together data on 320 species for the first edition, there were some errors and omissions. To gather data for the two books, we analyzed over 300 papers and books (over 12,000 pages), and I scanned more than 2,500 illustrations; the vast majority had to be cleaned and prepared to assemble over 400 figures. The simple work of structuring a book to contain 320 species of Zygoptera, separating the data I understood to be the most important for a publication of this kind (original citation, original genus, type locality, where the types are housed, geographic distribution in Brazil and South America, larval description, and revision) was not the easiest task, and in the final moments of the work, I had to choose to split it into two separate books, because the volume of information was enormous, and the simple job of reviewing the data of the book was insane. During the structuring work of the two guides (mainly on Coenagrionidae), I had several discussions on the generic division of species with several scientists and, in many cases, we simply could not reach a consensus, primarily by the description failures, poor figures, and absence of characters that support the proper separation in any described genera. Fortunately, after the publication of my books, N. von Ellenrieder, R.W. Garrison, P. Pessacq, A.B.M. Machado, Janira M. Costa, and Federico Lozano solved several problems related to various genera, revalidating some, describing others, and readjusting several species in genera already described. The guides were cited in more than 50% of the publications on South America's Zygoptera, which shows that they were widely used and that, in my opinion, was necessary. Criticisms have obviously been made, both positive and negative, and all have led me to correct errors and include everything that has been added to Zygoptera's knowledge in Brazil so far. vii In this 2nd edition, I included all papers published on the Zygoptera fauna of Brazil until August 2016 and decided not to divide them by families, but by geographic region of the occurrence of the species in Brazil, separating into three volumes. This first one deals with 159 species found in the Southeast Region of Brazil, the second will include the 144 species found in the South, Northeast and Central-west regions of Brazil, and the third volume will deal with the 186 species found in the North of Brazil. The discrepancy in the number of species found in different regions of Brazil is caused more by the absence of researchers in various states than the real fauna distributed in those states. The environmental policies instituted in Brazil in the last decade, instead of saving endangered species from extinction, will wipe out researchers and research institutes. Soon, we will not have any more endangered species lists because there will be no one to write them, and we will probably find lists enumerating some animal groups in which all the researchers are extinct. These are very sad days. In this book, several techniques were used to produce the best-quality images possible in each case, ones that show specific and relevant characteristics to identify the species, varying from pen and ink drawings to auto-montage (syncroscopy) images. I also include, when possible, scanned images of live or acetoned specimens. viii Damselflies of Brazil - Southeast region Index Index ................................................................................................................ 01 Chapter 1 - Introduction ............................................................................... 07 How to collect, handle, conserve and store adults ................................. 09 Adult morphology .................................................................................. 11 How to collect, rearing and prepare larvae for study ............................ 17 Larval morphology ................................................................................ 21 Museums acronyms ............................................................................... 25 Map of South America .......................................................................... 27 Chapter 2 - Key to families of Zygoptera found in the Southeast of Brazil .. 29 Chapter 3 - Dicteriadidae ............................................................................... 33 Heliocharis ............................................................................................ 37 Heliocharis amazona ............................................................................. 39 Live photos ............................................................................................ 41 Chapter 4 - Calopterygidae ............................................................................ 43 Key to genera of Coenagrionidae found in the Southeast of Brazil ..... 45 Bryoplathanon ....................................................................................... 47 Bryoplathanon globifer ........................................................................... 49 Hetaerina ............................................................................................... 51 Hetaerina
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