Environmental Scan August 2016 Developed by the Planning Council Strategic Planning Committee TABLE of CONTENTS

Environmental Scan August 2016 Developed by the Planning Council Strategic Planning Committee TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction...... 4 Methodology...... 4 Demographics Trends...... 5 State and Local Growth Predictions...... 5 Age Trends...... 6 Increase in Baby Boomers...... 8 Race/Ethnicity Trends...... 8 Volusia Flagler County Ethnicity Trends...... 9 Other Social Trends...... 12 Demographic Implications for Daytona State College...... 13 Economic Trends ...... 14 Performance Funding Trends...... 14 Occupational Projections...... 14 Persistent Poverty...... 16 Speed of Innovation...... 17 International Students and Economic Impact...... 17 Top Employers in Volusia County...... 18 Unemployment...... 18 Economic Implications for Daytona State College...... 19 Political Trends ...... 19 Florida’s Political Climate...... 19 Shifting Priorities for State Funding...... 20 Other Significant State Legislation...... 20 Federal Focus on Higher Education Institutions...... 20 Political Implications for Daytona State College...... 22

2 Technology Trends...... 22 3D Printing...... 23 Gamification...... 23 Internet of Things...... 23 Cloud-Based Computing...... 24 Other Technology Trends...... 24 Technology Implications for Daytona State College...... 24 Environmental Trends...... 25 LEED-Certified Buildings...... 25 Vehicle-Based Pollution Reduction...... 25 Sustainability...... 26 Consumption/Waste...... 26 Office of the Future...... 26 Solar-Powered Charging Stations...... 27 The Flip-Side of the Argument...... 27 Environmental Implications for Daytona State College...... 27 References...... 28

3 Introduction

Through a systematic strategic planning process, Daytona State College establishes long-term goals and strategies to support its mission and vision. By anticipating key external trends, the institution can better shape its strategic plan, as well as anticipate and respond more effectively to the community and the constituencies it serves. To set the direction for the college during the 2017-2020 planning cycle, the Strategic Planning Committee, a subcommittee of the college’s Planning Council, identified external changes and influences that have implications for long-range planning and the future.

Methodology

The environmental scan is organized around five major areas of influence: demographics, economics, politics, technology and environmentalism. Research was conducted using a variety of sources, including the U.S. Census Bureau, the Florida Department of Education, the University of Florida’s Bureau of Economic Research, and other databases and publications as noted in the text of the document. To align with the primary service area of Daytona State College, much of the research focuses on Volusia and Flagler counties and the state of Florida.

4 Demographic Trends State and Local GrowthDemographic Predictions Trends StateFlorida is the third most populous and the and Local Growth Predictionseighth most densely populated state in the nation. According to the U.S. Census and projections by the Bureau of Economic and Business Research Florida(BEBR), Florida’s population as of April 1, 2015 was is the third most populous and the eighth most densely19,815,183 populated. Volusia state and Flagler counties are in the nation. According tothe main service areas for Daytona S the U.S. Census and projections by thetate College Bureau of. EconomicVolusia County has a population of 510,494 and Business Research (BEBR), Florida’s population as of April 1, 2015 was 19,815,183. Volusia and Flagler counties are the main and is the 11th most populous of 67 counties, with 2.6 % of Florida’s population. Flagler County service areas for Daytona State College. Volusia County has a population of 510,494 and is the 11th mostis the 36th most populous populous of 67 counties,, with with101,353 people 2.6 % of Florida’s or population. 0.5 % of Florida’s population Flagler County is the. Both counties 36th most populous,have a combin with 101,353ed estimated population of 611,847. people or 0.5 % of Florida’s population. Both counties have a combined estimated population of 611,847. The BEBR expects a population increase in Flagler and Volusia counties of 3 to 5.9% in the next The20 yearsBEBR to 655,900 expects a population. By 2020, Volusia County is expected to have increase in Flagler and Volusia countiesincrease of 3 to d5.9% 5%, while Flagler in the next 20 yearsCounty’s population is projected to increase by 16%. to 655,900. By 2020, Volusia County is expected to have increased 5%, while Flagler County’s population is projected to increase by 16%.

Table 1: Projections of Population by Country, 2015 - 2045

County Estimates Projections

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 FLAGLER 101,353 120,100 138,300 155,600 172,200 185,900 199,100 VOLUSIA 510,494 535,800 557,300 574,100 585,900 598,000 608,700 TOTAL 611,847 655,900 695,600 729,700 758,100 783,900 807,800

Source: http://www.bebr.ufl.edu/sites/default/files/Research%20Reports/projections_2016.pdf Source: http://www.bebr.ufl.edu/sites/default/files/Research%20Reports/projections_2016.pdf

DeltonaDeltona hashas the highest population in Volusia County the highest population in Volusia County, with, with almost 88,000 almost 88,000 residentsresidents in in 2015. 2015. Palm CoastPalm Coast has the highest population in Flagler County has the highest population in Flagler County, with an estimated, with an estimated 80,000 in 2015. 80,000 in 2015. According to theAccording to the BEBR, Palm Coast will BEBR, Palm Coast will see the largest increasesee the largest increase in populationin population, 40%, by the year, 40%, 2020. by the year Deltona is expected2020. Deltona to increase is expected to inc in population rease in population by about 20by about 20% during that time, while% during that time Daytona Beach, willwhile increase onlyDaytona Beach slightly. will increase only slightly.

BasedBased on 2015 estimates, the metropolitan statistical a on 2015 estimates, the metropolitan statistical area ofrea of Delton Deltona-Daytonaa-Daytona Beach Beach-Ormond-Ormond Beach is ranked the 9th largestth metropolitan area in Florida. Volusia County is easily accessible to major Beach is ranked the 9 largest metropolitan area in Florida. Volusia County is easily accessible markets such as Orlando and Jacksonville by way of major highways I-4 and I-95. It also is serviced by to major markets such as Orlando and Jacksonville by way of major highways I-4 and I-95. It also an international airport. Volusia County is home of the World Center of Racing, and the world’s largest Harley-Davidsonis serviced by an international airpor dealership, and is hostt . to Volusia County is home of the World Center of Racing special events throughout the year. Notable special events, areand Speed the w Weeksorld’s largest Harley in February and-Davidson d July, Bike Weekealership in March, and is host tand October,o special events throughout and Spring Break in March andthe year April. . TourismNotable special events are Speed Weeks in February and July, Bike Week in March and plays a major part in Volusia County’s economy. Volusia and Flagler counties are October, and Spring Break in March and April. Tourism plays a major part in Volusia County’s

5 3 economy. Volusia and Flagler counties are home to high-tech, health care and manufacturing businesses. It is home to NASCAR headquarters and the Daytona International Speedway, as well as the U.S. Tennis Association and the Ladies Professional Golf Association. home to high-tech, health care and manufacturing businesses. Daytona Beach is home to NASCAR headquarters and the Daytona International Speedway, as well as the U.S. Tennis Association and the Age TrendsLadies Professional Golf Association. Projections and previous data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the BEBR indicate an upward Age Trends trend in median age, but increasing more slowly than previously projected. Currently, the median age in Flagler County is around 48 years, while it Projections and previous data from the U.S.is approximately 45 years in Volusia Census Bureau and the BEBR indicate an upward trend County. According to BEBR projections, Flagler County will see a reduction in median age over in median age, but increasing more slowly than previously projected. Currently, the median age in the next 20 years, Flaglerbut Volusia County will experience an County is around 48 years, while it is8% approximatelyincrease in median age 45 years in Volusia. County. According to BEBR projections, Flagler County will see a reduction in median age over the next 20 years, but Volusia County will experience an 8% increase in median age.

Table 2: Median Age by County, 2010 - 2040 County 2010 2020 2030 2040 Flagler 47.5 48.9 48.2 46.9 Volusia 45.3 47.7 48.6 49.3

Source: https://www.bebr.ufl.edu/sites/default/files/Research%20Reports/projections_2015_asrh.pdf Source: https://www.bebr.ufl.edu/sites/default/files/Research%20Reports/projections_2015_asrh.pdf

6 4 TheThe largest decrease in population numbers will be largest decrease in population numbers will be in the in 40the 40 – 64 age– 64 age group group. According. According to the to the BEBR,BEBR ,the the 20 20 – –29 29 age group age group alsoalso will will experience experience a decline in a decline in population.population This could. This impactcould impact college enrollment since the average age of Daytona State College students is 27 (2014-15). college enrollment since the average age of Daytona State College students is 27 (2014-15).

Table 3: Volusia County Projections by Age Estimate Projections Age Volusia Volusia Change % change Flagler Flagler Change % change 2015 2020 2015 2020

Total 507,845 528,311 20,466 4.03 101,904 122,132 20,228 19.85 0-4 24,571 24,949 378 1.54 4,990 5,796 806 16.15 5-9 25,911 24,598 -1,313 -5.07 5,320 5,823 503 9.45 10-14 26,049 27,906 1,857 7.13 5,769 6,540 771 13.36 15-19 28,543 29,554 1,011 3.54 5,505 7,113 1,608 29.21 15-17 16,158 16,757 599 3.71 3,500 4,524 1,024 29.26 18-19 12,385 12,797 412 3.33 2,005 2,589 584 29.13 20-24 30,383 28,729 -1,654 -5.44 5,631 6,131 500 8.88 25-29 29,049 28,096 -953 -3.28 4,475 6,402 1,927 43.06 30-34 26,850 29,452 2,602 9.69 4,881 5,561 680 13.93 35-39 25,757 28,166 2,409 9.35 5,242 6,077 835 15.93 40-44 27,799 27,029 -770 -2.77 5,571 6,437 866 15.54 45-49 30,713 29,188 -1,525 -4.97 5,933 6,705 772 13.01 50-54 37,821 32,110 -5,711 -15.10 6,690 7,003 313 4.68 55-59 40,323 39,785 -538 -1.33 7,498 8,095 597 7.96 60-64 37,637 43,443 5,806 15.43 7,704 9,435 1,731 22.47 65-69 34,791 40,374 5,583 16.05 8,397 9,539 1,142 13.60 70-74 26,944 34,809 7,865 29.19 6,976 9,920 2,944 42.20 75-79 20,281 24,499 4,218 20.80 4,924 7,325 2,401 48.76 80-84 17,146 16,836 -310 -1.81 3,512 4,417 905 25.77 85+ 17,277 18,788 1,511 8.75 2,886 3,813 927 32.12

Source: https://www.bebr.ufl.edu/sites/default/files/Research%20Reports/projections_2015_asrh.pdf

For Table 3, the red shows a decrease from 2015 to 2020. The majority of DSC students fall within the 18 – 39 age groups. Source: https://www.bebr.ufl.edu/sites/default/files/Research%20Reports/projections_2015_asrh.pdf

For table 3, the red shows a decrease from 2015 to 2020. The majority of DSC students fall within the 18 – 39 age groups.

Flagler County is experiencing growth in all age groups by 2020. The BEBR prediction shows that the 25 – 29 age group has the highest increase in Flagler County, 7 followed by the baby boomer

5 Flagler County is experiencing growth in all age groups by 2020. The BEBR prediction shows that the 25generation age groups from 60 – 29 age group has the highest– increase 79. The largest increase is expected in the 15 in Flagler County, followed by the baby boomer- 19 and 25 generation– 29 ageage group groups sfrom, which is the largest s 60 – 79. The largesttudent body contributor to the c increase is expected in the 15 - ollege19 and. 25 – 29 age groups, which is the largest student body contributor to the college. Increase in Baby Boomers Increase in Baby Boomers The baby boomer generation was born between 1945 and 1964. This generation has a Thetremendous baby boomer economic and social impact on many aspects of generation was born between 1945 and 1964. Florida life This generation. The dramatic expected has a tremendous economicincrease of baby boomers in both Volusia and Flagler counties and social impact on many aspects of Florida life. The dramatic has community and college expected increase of baby boomersimplications. in bothThe Volusiaage shift may lead to dramatic shifts in the demand for housing, and Flagler counties has community and college implications. healthThe age care shift may lead to dramatic shifts in the demand for housing, health care and other types of goods and and other types of goods and services that divert fiscal resources away from higher education. services that divert fiscal resources away from higher education. On the other hand, an increase in retireesOn the other hand, an increase in retirees may may open a new market of potential students open a new market of potential students as well as well as increase the potential for alumni supportas increase the potential for alumni support and engagement in college activities. and engagement in college activities. Race/EthnicityRace/Ethnicity Trends Trends

TheThe Census Bureau collects race data in accordance with guideli Census Bureau collects race data in accordance with guidelinesnes provided by the U.S. Office provided by the U.S. Office of Managementof Management and Budget and Budget. People. People who identify their origin as Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish who identify their origin as Hispanic, Latino or Spanish may be of anymay be of any race. Hispanics and Latinos are included as any r race. Hispanics and Latinos are included as any race in Table 4ace in and FigureTable 41. and Figure 1.

RaceRace

Table 4: Race projections for Volusia and Flagler counties

White African-American Non-White

Projections Projections Projections 2015 2020 2025 2015 2020 2025 2015 2020 2025 Flagler 85,938 102,250 117,984 13,015 16,213 19,289 15,966 19,882 23,670 Volusia 437,196 452,438 466,356 58,591 62,855 66,777 70,649 75,873 80,637 Total 523,134 554,688 584,340 71,606 79,068 86,066 86,615 95,755 104,307

Source: University of Florida, Bureau of Economic and Business Research, Florida Population Studies, Bulletin 163 Source: University of Florida, Bureau of Economic and Business Research, Florida Population Studies, Bulletin 163 According to the BEBR data presented in Table 4, over the next 10 years the white population in VolusiaAccording to the BEBR and Flagler counties data presented in Table 4 will decrease from 76.8%, over the next 10 yea to 75.4%. African-Americanrs the white population in residents will increaseVolusia and Flagler from 10.5% countiesto 11.1%. will Non-whitesdecrease from 76.8% to 75.4%. African will increase from 12.7% to 13.5%-American residents will of the population. increase from 10.5% to 11.1%. Non-whites will increase from 12.7% to 13.5% of the population.

6 FIGURE 1: 2020 RACE PROJECTIONS FOR VOLUSIA AND FLAGLER COUNTIES Non-White FIGURE 1: 2020 RACE PROJECTIONS FOR VOLUSIA AND 13% African-AmericanFLAGLER COUNTIES 11% Non-White 13% African-American 11% White 76%

White 76%

Source: University of Florida, Bureau of Economic and Business Research, Florida Population Studies, Bulletin 163 VolusiaVolusia Flagler Flagler County County Ethnicity Ethnicity Trends Trends

The Census Bureau includes Hispanic or Latinos as an ethnicity. Volusia Flagler County Ethnicity Trends Table 5: Volusia Projections Flagler Projections The Census Bureau includes Hispanic or Latinos as an ethnicity. % % 2015 2020 2015 2020 Table 5: Volusia Projections Change Flagler Projections Change Non-Hispanic % % 2015380,969 2020388,314 1.93 2015101,904 2020122,132 19.85 White Change Change Non-Hispanic Non-Hispanic 380,969 388,314 1.93 101,904 122,132 19.85 WhiteAfrican - 54,255 57,918 6.75 12,211 15,192 24.41 NonAmerican-Hispanic AfricanHispanic- 54,25562,159 57,91870,888 6.7514.04 12,2119,779 15,19212,428 24.41 27.09 American

Source:Hispanic University of Florida,62,159 Bureau of Economic70,888 and Business Research,14.04 Florida Population9,779 Studies, Bulletin12,428 163 27.09 Source: University of Florida, Bureau of Economic and Business Research, Florida Population Studies, Bulletin 163 According to the BEBR, the Non-Hispanic White population in Volusia County appears to show only

Source: University of FloriaAccording slight increase to the BEBR, the Non byda, Bureau of Economic and Business Research, Florida Population Studies, Bulletin 163 2020, while Flagler-Hispanic W County hite populationcould see an increase in Volusia County appears to of about 20%. The majority show only a increaseslight increase by in population 2020 for, while Flagler County co both counties is projecteduld see an increase of to be the Hispanic population.about 20 The%. The majority increase African- AccordingAmericanin population for both counties is projected to be the Hispanic population to the BEBR, the Nonpopulation also appears-Hispanic W to be increasinghite population in both in Volusia County appears tocounties by 7% and. The African24% respectively. show only a -American slight increase by 2020, while Flagler County could see an increase of about 20%. The majority increase population also appears to be increasing in both counties by 7% and 24% respectively. in population for both counties is projected to be the Hispanic population. The African-American population also appears to be increasing in both counties by 7% and 24% respectively. 9

7 7 TableTable 6: 2020 Ethnicity p 6: 2020 Ethnicity projectionsrojections f for Volusia/Flagleror Volusia/Flagler counties by a counties by age ge

Volusia Flagler Age 2015 2020 % 2015 2020 % change change Non- Hispanic 0-4 14,765 14,580 3266 3719 White -1.3 13.9 5-17 42,102 41,547 -1.3 9676 11028 14 18-24 26,562 24,401 -8.1 5108 5747 12.5 25-54 129,675 121,915 -6 24275 27232 12.2 55-64 65,133 68,072 4.5 12694 14226 12.1 65-79 71,604 86,137 20.3 16877 22576 33.8 80+ 31,128 31,662 1.7 5262 6560 24.7 Non- Hispanic 0-4 4,085 4,151 1.6 804 970 20.6 African- American 5-17 10,483 10,851 3.5 2464 2858 16 18-24 7,754 7,798 0.6 1241 1408 13.5 25-54 20,351 21,186 4.1 3919 5062 29.2 55-64 5,753 6,611 14.9 1188 1581 33.1 65-79 4,433 5,744 29.6 1909 2288 19.9 80+ 1,396 1,577 13 686 1025 49.4 Hispanic 0-4 5,133 5,555 8.2 767 912 18.9 5-17 13,812 14,984 8.5 2000 2440 22 18-24 7,133 7,950 11.5 1022 1260 23.3 25-54 23,595 26,545 12.5 3552 4614 29.9 55-64 5,783 7,129 23.3 988 1310 32.6 65-79 5,037 6,617 31.4 1100 1423 29.4 80+ 1,666 2,108 26.5 350 469 34

Source: University of Florida, Bureau of Economic and Business Research, Florida Population Studies, Bulletin 163

8 FIGURE 2: PERCENT CHANGE IN ETHNICITY FOR VOLUSIA COUNTY BY AGE, 2015 - 2020 FIGURE 2: PERCENT CHANGE IN ETHNICITY FOR Non-Hispanic White Non Hispanic African-American Hispanic VOLUSIA COUNTY BY AGE, 2015 - 2020 31.4 Non-Hispanic White Non Hispanic African-American Hispanic29.6 26.5 23.3 20.3 14.9 31.4 11.5 12.5 29.6 13.0 8.2 8.5 26.5 3.5 4.1 4.5 23.3 1.6 0.6 20.3 1.7 14.9 11.5 12.5 13.0 8.2 8.5 0 - 4 53.5- 17 18- 24 254.1- 54 4.555- 64 65- 79 80+ -1.3 1.6 -1.3 0.6 1.7 -8.1 -6.0 0 - 4 5 - 17 18- 24 25- 54 55- 64 65- 79 80+ -1.3 -1.3 -8.1 -6.0 Source: Office of Demographics and Economic Research, http://edr.state.fl.us/Content/population-demographics/data/index.cfm

Source: Office of Demographics and Economic Research,http://edr.state.fl.us/Content/population-demographics/data/index.cfm SourceBased on the Office of Demographics and Research, : Office of Demographics and Economic Research, http://edr.state.fl.us/Content/populationin Volusia County, the Non-demographics/data/index.cfm-Hispanic White age group between 18 and 54 shows a steep decline in population. The greatest increase in Based on the Office of Demographics and Research, Based on the Office of Demographics and Research, in in Volusia Volusia County,County, the Non the Non-Hispanic-Hispanic White White age grouppopulation is predicted from the 55 between 18 and 54 shows a steep-7 9decline age group of H in population.ispanic or Latino e The greatest increasethnicity in. population is age group between 18 and 54 shows a steep decline in population. The greatest increase in predicted from the 55 -79 age group of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. population is predicted from the 55 -79 age group of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.

FIGURE 3: PERCENT CHANGE IN ETHNICITY FOR FLAGLER COUNTY BY AGE, 2015 - 2020 FIGURE 3: PERCENT CHANGE IN ETHNICITY FOR Non-Hispanic White Non-Hispanic Black Hispanic FLAGLER COUNTY BY AGE, 2015 - 2020 49.4 34.0 33.8 33.1

Non-Hispanic White Non-Hispanic Black 32.6 Hispanic 49.4 29.9 29.4 29.2 24.7 23.3 22.0 20.6 19.9 18.9 16.0 34.0 33.8 33.1 32.6 14.0 13.9 13.5 12.5 12.2 12.1 29.9 29.4 29.2 24.7 23.3 22.0 20.6 19.9 18.9 16.0 14.0 13.9 13.5 12.5 12.2 12.1 0 - 4 5 - 17 18- 24 25- 54 55- 64 65- 79 80+

Source: Office of Demographics and Economic Research,http://edr.state.fl.us/Content/population-demographics/data/index.cfm 0 - 4 5 - 17 18- 24 25- 54 55- 64 65- 79 80+ Source: Office of Demographics and Economic Research, http://edr.state.fl.us/Content/population-demographics/data/index.cfm

OverallOverall in Flagler County in Flagler County,, the Hispanicthe Hispanic,, Latino Latino and African and African-American-American demographic demographicpopulation’s population age age Source: groupsOffice of Demographics and Economic Research, http://edr.state.fl.us/Content/population of 20 – 29 show a sharp increase in population. This trend continues-demographics/d with theata/index.cfm 40 – 59 age group of 20 – 29 show a sharp increase in population. This trend continues with the 40 – 59 age groups. groups. Based on the Office of Demographics and Research, the Non-Hispanic White age group Based on the Office of DemograOverall in Flagler County, the Hispanicphics and, Latino Research, the Non and African-American demographic -Hispanic White age group between 40 and population’s age between 40 and 54 shows the smallest growth in population. group of 54 show the smallest growth in population20 – 29 show a sharp increase in population. . This trend continues with the 40 – 59 age groups. Based on the Office of Demographics and Research, the Non-Hispanic White age group between 40 and 54 show the smallest growth in populationOther Social Trends .

OtherVeterans Social Trends

Veterans 11 9

9 Other Social Trends

Veterans

According to projections fAccording to projections fromrom the the U.S. DepartmentU.S. Department of of VeteransVeterans Affairs, 13%Affairs of the, 13 population% of the popu in lation in Volusia County and 12Volusia County and 12% of Flagler% of Fl County’sagler County’s population are v population are veterans. eterans.

FIGURE 4: PROJECTIONS OF VETERANS POPULATION FOR FLAGLER AND VOLUSIA COUNTY FROM 2014 - 2020

60,000 55,632 54,415 53,175 51,928 50,000 50,677 49,432 48,204 40,000 30,000 20,000 12,537 12,610 12,658 12,695 12,719 12,731 12,730 10,000 0 1/1/2014 1/1/2015 1/1/2016 1/1/2017 1/1/2018 1/1/2019 1/1/2020

Flagler, FL Volusia, FL

Source: United States Department of Veterans Affairs, http://www.va.gov/vetdata/veteran_population.asp Source: United States Department of Veterans Affairs, http://www.va.gov/vetdata/veteran_population.asp The projections point to a decrease in the Volusia County veteran population by approximately 13% by The projections point to a decrease of the 2020. The Flagler County veteran population appearsveteran population in Volusia County by to be stable, with a slight increase of 1.5%. approximately 13% by 2020. The Flagler County veteran population appears to be stable, with a slight increase of 1.5%.Workplace Diversity

Workplace DiversityInstitutions and organizations must reflect the racial makeup of the population they are serving. The trend is for gender and racial equality at colleges and universities. Institutions and organizations must reflect the racial makeup of the population they are serving. The trend is for gender and racialLGBTQ equality at colleges and universities.

LGBTQBased on a Pew Research survey, 55% of Americans support same sex marriage. With recent legislative changes, gay and lesbian relationships have greater public approval. Colleges and Based on a Pew Research survey, 55universities should provide an open and safe% of Americans support same sex marriage. environment, as well as policies that acknowledgeWith recent and protect the differences of the LGBTQ community. legislative changes, gay and lesbian relationships have greater public approval. Colleges and universities should provide an open and safe environment, as well as policies that acknowledge and protect the differences of the LGBTQ community.

Immigrants

Florida is the third largest immigrant-receiving state12 and ranks fourth in illegal immigration. The U.S. Census Bureau projects that Florida will have gained 1.9 million additional immigrants between 1995 and 2025. Based on the U.S. Census, the percentage of foreign-born population is projected to increase to 7% for Volusia County and 13% for Flagler County.

Generations

10 Immigrants

Florida is the third largest immigrant-receiving state and ranks fourth in illegal immigration. The U.S. Census Bureau projects that Florida will have gained 1.9 million additional immigrants between 1995 and 2025. Based on the U.S. Census, the percentage of foreign-born population is projected to increase to 7% for Volusia County and 13% for Flagler County.

Generations

Baby Boomers and Generation Xers are 31% of the U.S. workforce, while Millennials are 35% of the workforce. Gen Z are the next generations of college students. Gen Z have different expectations for learning than previous generations. Colleges must have a solid understanding of the generational differences as they relate to instruction and recruitment. These students are used to finding what they need, whenever they need it. They have grown up in a fast-paced technological world. If they have a question, they go online to find the answer. Demographic Implications for Daytona State College

• The college must monitor the population growth in both counties and be responsive to increases in the population of college-age students in Flagler County, as well as increases in Hispanic and Latino populations in Volusia County. • The largest increase in the 19-34 age group are Latino and African-Americans. The college must respond to the changing demographics and offer more diverse programs. • The college must be proactive in working with immigrants and undocumented students, do more to promote inclusivity amongst different races and ethnicities, and offer a safe environment for the LGBTQ community. • While the increase in Baby Boomers could divert state financial resources away from higher education, the college also can capitalize on this growing demographic for alumni support, continuing education opportunities and community cultural engagement. • The college must continue providing services to veterans and increase its targeted recruitment. • The college must be competitive in the work market and must recruit new talent among Millennials and Gen Xers.

13 Economic Trends

This section explores key economic trends, including industry shifts and job growth that may impact Daytona State College. Performance Funding Trends

In 2014, the Commissioner of Education was charged by the Florida Legislature with developing a performance funding model for Florida College System institutions. In January 2015, the commissioner submitted the recommended performance funding model and continued soliciting feedback from college representatives, resulting in a modified model. The Florida Board of Education’s approval of the new performance-funding system for state colleges has changed the way institutions are awarded money. The college is now scored in four areas: completion rate, retention rate, placement (job placement or continuing education) and entry-level wages. This model has introduced a new level of uncertainty regarding the amount of state support that can be counted on during the budget planning process and challenges Daytona State to shift its focus even more diligently on job preparation and placement to meet workforce needs.

OccupationalOccupational Projections Projections

Florida’sFlorida’s economic state and job market are still rebounding from the recession. Florida continues to economic state and job market are still rebounding from the recession. Florida continues to havehave the nation’s highest foreclosure rates; however, the rate has been gradually decreasing. While the the nation’s highest foreclosure rates; however, the rate has been gradually decreasing. While therecovery is by no means robust, recent reports recovery is by no means robust, recent reportshave indicated growth in employment and state revenue have indicated growth in employment and state revenueahead of the nation. Further, Florida’s prime working age population (ages 25 ahead of the nation. Further, Florida’s prime working age population– 54) has been adding (ages 25 – 54) has been addingpeople each month, indicating a need for more jobs. people each month, indicating a need for more jobs.

Table 7: Top Five Industries in Volusia and Flagler Counties Volusia Flagler Health Care and Social Assistance 28,165 Retail Trade 3,411 Retail Trade 24,432 Accommodations and Food Services 3,043 Accommodations and Social Services 19,797 Health Care and Social Assistance 2,421 Education Services 15,824 Admin., Support and Waste Management 1,671 Manufacturing 9,709 Education Services 1,622

Source: Community Agenda Snapshot, 2015 Source: Community Agenda Snapshot, 2015

As Florida’s housing market continues its resurgence, the state’s construction industry is expected to create more jobs than any other industry. The Florida Department of Economic Opportunity predicts that growth in employment from 2015 to 2024 will be driven by the following industries: Construction of Buildings (36.2% increase), Specialist Trade Contractors (34.1% increase), Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (31.5% increase), Ambulatory Health Care Services (28.7% increase), and Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (26.9%). 14

Table 8: Fastest Growing Industries – Flagler and Volusia Counties Employment 2015 - 2023 Change Rank Title 2015 2023 Total Percent 1 Building Construction 1,811 2,466 655 36.2 2 Specialty Trade Contractors 7,544 10,113 2,569 34.1 3 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing 483 635 152 31.5 4 Ambulatory Health Care Services 12,192 15,696 3,504 28.7 5 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction 1,287 1,633 346 26.9 6 Nursing and Residential Care Facilities 7,244 8,891 1,647 22.7 7 Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores 687 827 140 20.4 8 Building Material and Garden Supply Stores 2,594 3,086 492 19.0 9 Educational Services 6,125 7,258 1,133 18.5 10 Performing Arts, Spectator Sports and Related 1,528 1,800 272 17.8 Industries

Source: http://www.floridajobs.org/labor-market-information/products-and-services/state-colleges-projections-portal

12 Occupational Projections

Florida’s economic state and job market are still rebounding from the recession. Florida continues to have the nation’s highest foreclosure rates; however, the rate has been gradually decreasing. While the recovery is by no means robust, recent reports have indicated growth in employment and state revenue ahead of the nation. Further, Florida’s prime working age population (ages 25 – 54) has been adding people each month, indicating a need for more jobs.

Source: Community Agenda Snapshot, 2015

AsAs Florida’s housing market continues its resurgence, the state’s construc Florida’s housing market continues its resurgence, the state’s constructiontion industry is expected to industry is expected to createcreate more jobs than any other industry. The Florida Department of Economic Opportunity predicts more jobs than any other industry. The Florida Department of Economic Opportunity predicts thatthat growth in employment from 2015 to 2024 will be driven by the following industries: Construction of growth in employment from 2015 to 2024 will be driven by the following industries: Construction ofBuildings (36.2% increase Buildings (36.2% increase),), Specialist Trade Contractors (34.1% increase), Nonmetallic Mineral Product Specialist Trade Contractors (34.1% increase), Nonmetallic Mineral ProductManufacturing (31.5% increase), Ambulatory Health Care Services (28.7% increase), and Heavy and Civil Manufacturing (31.5% increase), Ambulatory Health Care Services (28.7% increase), and HeavyEngineering and CivilConstruction (26.9%). Engineering Construction (26.9%).

Source: http://www.floridajobs.org/labor-market-information/products-and-services/state-colleges-projections-portal Source: http://www.floridajobs.org/labor-market-information/products-and-services/state-colleges-projections-portal InIn Flagler and Volusia counties, the industries expected to gain t Flagler and Volusia counties, the industries expected to gain he most new jobs between 2015 and the most new jobs between 2015 and 20232023 are 1) ambulatory health care services 2) are 1) ambulatory health care services 2) specialty trade contractors 3) specialty trade contractors 3)local government 4) local government food 4) food services services and 5) and 5) administrativeadministrative support services. support services. 12

Table 9: Industries Gaining the Most New Jobs – Flagler and Volusia Counties Employment 2015 - 2023 Change Rank Title 2015 2023 Total Percent 1 Ambulatory Health Care Services 12,192 15,696 3,504 28.7 2 Specialty Trade Contractors 7,544 10,113 2,569 34.1 3 Local Government 18,668 21,173 2,505 13.4 4 Food Services and Drinking Places 21,017 23,301 2,284 10.9 5 Administrative and Support Services 12,021 14,082 2,061 17.1 6 Nursing and Residential Care Facilities 7,244 8,891 1,647 22.7 7 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 7,908 9,179 1,271 16.1 8 Educational Services 6,125 7,258 1,133 18.5 9 Hospitals 8,455 9,178 723 8.6 10 Construction of Buildings 1,811 2,466 655 36.2

Source: http://www.floridajobs.org/labor-market-information/products-and-services/state-colleges-projections-portal

According to the Florida Department of Economic Opportunity’s 2014 labor market report, between 15 2014 and 2021, the bachelor’s degree-level occupations gaining the most new jobs in Florida include 1) registered nurses 2) elementary school teachers (except special education) 3) accountants and auditors 4) management analysts and 5) construction managers.

13 According to the Florida Department of Economic Opportunity’s 2014 labor market report, between 2014 and 2021, the bachelor’s degree-level occupations gaining the most new jobs in Florida include 1) registered nurses 2) elementary school teachers (except special education) 3) accountants and auditors 4) management analysts and 5) construction managers.

Table 10: Bachelor’s Degree Level Occupations Gaining the Most New Jobs Florida Statewide 2014-2021 Employment 2014-21 Change 2014 Annual Rank Occupation Title 2014 2021 Level Percent Average Wage 1 Registered Nurses 173,537 202,635 29,098 16.77 $62,774 2 Elementary School Teachers, 70,335 81,187 10,852 15.43 $47,966 Except Special Education 3 Accountants and Auditors 85,830 96,461 10,631 12.39 $67,954 4 Management Analysts 49,331 57,312 7,981 16.18 $80,413 5 Construction Managers 43,360 49,294 5,934 13.69 $88,088 6 Middle School Teachers, Exc. 30,068 34,703 4,635 15.42 $48,278 Special & Voc. Education 7 Market Research Analysts and 15,423 19,534 4,111 26.65 $57,200 Marketing Specialists 8 Software Developers, 23,620 27,707 4,087 17.30 $81,578 Applications 9 Human Resources Specialists 24,721 28,641 3,920 15.86 $54,122 10 Substitute Teachers 33,716 37,176 3,460 10.26 $22,672 11 Secondary School Teachers, 40,229 43,669 3,440 8.55 $49,814 Exc. Special and Voc. Ed. 12 Sales Representatives, 29,334 32,653 3,319 11.31 $76,856 Wholesale & Mfg., Tech. & Sci. Products 13 Computer Systems Analysts 23,030 26,293 3,263 14.17 $86,611 14 Cost Estimators 11,651 14,830 3,179 27.29 $58,240 15 Personal Financial Advisors 15,793 18,861 3,068 19.43 $93,101

Source: Florida Department of Economic Opportunity Source: Florida Department of Economic Opportunity Persistent Poverty Persistent Poverty Poverty is pervasive among America’s youth, and Flagler and Volusia counties are no exception. APoverty is pervasive among America’s youth quarter of all Volusia and Flagler children, underand Flagler and Volusia counties are no exception. A 18 live in poverty and two-thirds of all African- Americansquarter of all Volusia and Flagler children under 18 live in poverty and two and Latinos live in low-income households. In Volusia, 52.4%-thirds of all of unmarriedAfrican female- householdsAmericans and Latinos live in lowwith children under -fiveincome households. presently live inIn Volusia, poverty; this52.4 is% 10%of unmarried higher thanfemale the state average. Researchhouseholds with children under five present has documented the rippling effectsly live in poverty; this is 10 that poverty has on education,% higher than the state average. health care and virtually everyResearch has documented the rippling effects that poverty has on education, health sector of society. Poor families need more help navigating their way into and care through and vi college.rtually It isevery sector of society. Poor families need more help navigating their way into and through college. higher education’s responsibility to make sure they have the infrastructure and support systems It is in placehigher education’s responsibility to make sure they have the infrastructure and support systems in place to help students from impoverished backgrounds. to help students from impoverished backgrounds.

Table 11 Volusia Flagler Florida Percentage of children under 18 living in poverty 16 23.9 27.2 24.5 Percentage of single parent female households with 52.4 Not available 40.9 children under 5 living in poverty

Source: Community Agenda Snapshot, 2015

14 Table 10: Bachelor’s Degree Level Occupations Gaining the Most New Jobs Florida Statewide 2014-2021 Employment 2014-21 Change 2014 Annual Rank Occupation Title 2014 2021 Level Percent Average Wage 1 Registered Nurses 173,537 202,635 29,098 16.77 $62,774 2 Elementary School Teachers, 70,335 81,187 10,852 15.43 $47,966 Except Special Education 3 Accountants and Auditors 85,830 96,461 10,631 12.39 $67,954 4 Management Analysts 49,331 57,312 7,981 16.18 $80,413 5 Construction Managers 43,360 49,294 5,934 13.69 $88,088 6 Middle School Teachers, Exc. 30,068 34,703 4,635 15.42 $48,278 Special & Voc. Education 7 Market Research Analysts and 15,423 19,534 4,111 26.65 $57,200 Marketing Specialists 8 Software Developers, 23,620 27,707 4,087 17.30 $81,578 Applications 9 Human Resources Specialists 24,721 28,641 3,920 15.86 $54,122 10 Substitute Teachers 33,716 37,176 3,460 10.26 $22,672 11 Secondary School Teachers, 40,229 43,669 3,440 8.55 $49,814 Exc. Special and Voc. Ed. 12 Sales Representatives, 29,334 32,653 3,319 11.31 $76,856 Wholesale & Mfg., Tech. & Sci. Products 13 Computer Systems Analysts 23,030 26,293 3,263 14.17 $86,611 14 Cost Estimators 11,651 14,830 3,179 27.29 $58,240 15 Personal Financial Advisors 15,793 18,861 3,068 19.43 $93,101

Source: Florida Department of Economic Opportunity

Persistent Poverty

Poverty is pervasive among America’s youth, and Flagler and Volusia counties are no exception. A quarter of all Volusia and Flagler children under 18 live in poverty and two-thirds of all African- Americans and Latinos live in low-income households. In Volusia, 52.4% of unmarried female households with children under five presently live in poverty; this is 10% higher than the state average. Research has documented the rippling effects that poverty has on education, health care and virtually every sector of society. Poor families need more help navigating their way into and through college. It is higher education’s responsibility to make sure they have the infrastructure and support systems in place to help students from impoverished backgrounds.

Table 11 Volusia Flagler Florida Percentage of children under 18 living in poverty 23.9 27.2 24.5 Percentage of single parent female households with 52.4 Not available 40.9 children under 5 living in poverty

Source: Community Agenda Snapshot, 2015 Source: Community Agenda Snapshot, 2015 Speed of Innovation

According to the Institute for the Future, rapid technology innovation is “emerging faster than our 14 institutional capacity to adopt to them.” The speed of innovation suggests that businesses and institutions must adopt new products, services and business models, and might even consider new ways to plan strategically. Higher education program offerings have often lagged behind societal trends and employer needs, so colleges and universities must think strategically about how to keep pace with the changes. International Students and Economic Impact

In 2014-15, 974,926 international students studied at U.S. colleges and universities. This represented an increase of 10% over the prior year, the highest rate of growth since 1978-79 (www.iie.org/opendoors).

In 2015, the continued growth in international students coming to the U.S. for higher education had a significant positive economic impact on the United States. International students contributed more than $30.5 billion to the U.S. economy and supported 373,381 jobs, according to the U.S. Department of Commerce.

Students from around the world who study in the United States also contribute to America’s scientific and technical research and bring international perspectives into U.S. classrooms, helping prepare American undergraduates for global careers, and often lead to longer-term business relationships and economic benefits.

The number of international students in Volusia and Flagler counties in 2014-15 was 1,619, representing an economic impact of $63.7 million and 443 direct and indirect jobs (NAFSA International Student Economic Value Tool website.) Daytona State College created $1.8 million, supporting 12 jobs (https://istart.iu.edu/nafsa/reports/district.cfm?state=FL&year=2014&district=06).

17 Top Employers in Volusia County

The table below ranks the largest employers in Volusia County based on the number of workers employed.

Table 12: Top Employers in Volusia County Business/Organization Number of Employees Type of Business Volusia County Schools 7,742 education Halifax Health 4,294 health care Florida Hospital – all Divisions 4,040 health care Volusia County Government 3,333 government Publix Supermarkets, Inc. 3,241 grocery State of Florida 2,758 government Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1,875 grocery/retail Daytona State College 1,711 education Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 1,483 education U.S. Government 1,216 government Total Employees 31,693 Source: http://www.floridabusiness.org/13DataReport.pdf UnemploymentSource: http://www.floridabusiness.org/13DataReport.pdf Unemployment The Volusia County unemployment rate continues to decrease. In March 2016, the rate was 4.8%, just below the state average of 4.9 percent. In neighboring Flagler County, the 5.3% The Volusia County unemployment rate continues to decrease. In March 2016, the rate was unemployment rate reported in March 2016 was a little higher than the state average of 4.9% 4.8%, just below the state average of 4.9 percent. In neighboring Flagler County, the 5.3% (BLS Current Population Survey). unemployment rate reported in March 2016 was a little higher than the state average of 4.9% (BLS Current Population Survey).

Economic Implications for Daytona State College

• The college must continue to meet the changing demands of the local economy and state mandates and must align degree program offerings to the workforce needs of the community. • The college must ensure that academic programs are expanded, enhanced or added to support the anticipated growth in employment opportunities in construction, manufacturing and healthcare services. • The college must provide academic and non-academic support for students from impoverished or disadvantaged backgrounds. • Students will benefit if the college increases exposure to diverse cultural experiences through service learning, study abroad opportunities and a larger population of international students. Political Trends 18 Florida’s Political Climate

16 Economic Implications for Daytona State College

• The college must continue to meet the changing demands of the local economy and state mandates, and must align degree program offerings to the workforce needs of the community. • The college must ensure that academic programs are expanded, enhanced or added to support the anticipated growth in employment opportunities in construction, manufacturing and healthcare services. • The college must provide academic and non-academic support for students from impoverished or disadvantaged backgrounds. • Students will benefit if the college increases exposure to diverse cultural experiences through service learning, study abroad opportunities and a larger population of international students.

Political Trends Florida’s Political Climate

The state of Florida recently implemented many changes within its higher education system, including a performance funding model intended to improve student access, attainment, retention and success. Accountability remains at the forefront of the Florida College System Strategic Plan, establishing benchmarks and targets for colleges based on system-wide performance indicators.

The higher education paradigm continues to shift. Florida’s public institutions of higher education will be impacted by the following trends as a result of legislative and administrative policy changes:

• The four primary objectives for post-secondary institutions in the Florida College System are expanding access, reducing system and student costs, strengthening the link between the labor market and postsecondary education, and enhancing the student experience. • The focus is on student retention and graduation rates; increasing STEM degree production and degrees in areas of strategic emphasis; and maintaining open access, availability of courses and affordability while decreasing student indebtedness. • Institutions of higher education must use national best practices and continuous evaluation of teaching and student support methods to increase student success and shorten time to degree. • The state system of higher education is more closely aligning degree program offerings to the economic development and workforce needs of the state. Matching Standard Occupational Classification codes to Statewide Course Numbering System codes will improve tracking of graduation and job placement, enrollment projections and industry demand.

19 Shifting Priorities for State Funding

Adopting performance-based funding

In its 2016 session, the Florida Legislature passed the Implementing Bill for General Appropriations Act, HB 5003, which formally establishes by law the Performance-based Funding for the Florida College System, while also requiring the State Board of Education to adopt metrics and benchmarks for retention rates, program completion and graduation rates, post-graduation employment, salaries, and continuing education for workforce and baccalaureate programs. The Distinguished Florida College System Program also was passed into law, establishing standards for excellence among FCS member institutions and creating a framework in which institutions can receive an excellence designation and be eligible to receive additional funding.

Postsecondary affordability

Passed into law during the 2016 legislative session, CS/SB 7019 requires the State Board of Education and Board of Governors to identify strategies to promote college affordability by evaluating tuition and fees, financial aid, and the cost of instructional materials and textbooks. This also establishes a requirement of both the State Board of Education and Board of Governors to submit reports to the governor, president and speaker on affordability initiatives. Additionally, CS/SB 7019 requires the State Board of Education and Board of Governors to promote college affordability through strategies focused on reducing the cost of textbooks and other instructional materials. Toward this aim, the legislation mandates that institutions review the cost of textbooks and instructional materials by course and course section each semester to identify variances in costs. Institutions are to publish textbook and instructional material requirements by course and section 45 days prior to the first day of class. Other Significant State Legislation

Student Housing: SB0576

Expands the limit to 300 beds from 100 beds for dormitories constructed by Florida College System institutions. Federal Focus on Higher Education Institutions

Reauthorization of HEA

Last updated in 2008, the Higher Education Act (HEA) is past due for a major overhaul. A lack of bi-partisan agreement in Washington D.C. has prevented much progress toward this goal. It is likely that a major rewrite of the HEA will not occur before the 2016 presidential election comes to a close.

20 Until then, it is possible that lawmakers may pass smaller bills that have wider bipartisan support. Another possibility is that lawmakers or the next president will seek to pass more ambitious higher education changes by attaching them to moving legislation or adopting them through the budget process.

Title IV Eligibility

The U.S. Department of Education has released a Dear Colleague Letter, clarifying changes made to the definition of ‘career pathways’ for the purpose of qualifying as an eligible program under the Pell Grant’s Ability to Benefit provision. Ability to Benefit allows students who don’t have a high school diploma or GED to qualify for Title IV student aid if they can demonstrate their ability to undertake postsecondary coursework through testing or successful completion of six credit hours. Ability to Benefit was eliminated in fiscal year (FY) 2011 in order to generate savings for the Pell Grant program. Over the last two appropriations cycles, Congress has partially reinstated Ability to Benefit for qualified students enrolled in career pathway programs. In the FY 2016 omnibus appropriations bill, Congress modified the definition of career pathway for Ability to Benefit, aligning it with the existing federal workforce definition and potentially allowing a broader range of programs to qualify.

Presidential Campaign

Higher Education has emerged as a central policy issue in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Hillary Clinton, the Democratic nominee, has proposed “The New College Compact” that outlines the following positions:

• Lowering Costs to Students: The majority of funding would be provided to states and colleges through grants aimed at reducing the overall financial burden of attending four-year public colleges, providing free tuition at community colleges and providing assistance to private non- profit institutions that show evidence of value while keeping student costs low. TRIO and GEAR UP programs would be strengthened, while new grant funding would be provided to support intervention strategies aimed at low-income and first generation students, such as quality child care and emergency financial aid.

• Restructuring Aid Programs: Clinton has proposed significant changes to how financial aid is awarded, including simplifying the FAFSA, providing early Pell Grant eligibility notification to students, lowering the interest rate on student loans, allowing for refinancing at the current federal rate for student loans and consolidating the four income-based repayment programs into a single program.

• Accountability: Clinton’s New College Compact supports institutional accountability measures, which require schools to share risk metrics such as graduation rates, likely earnings post- graduation and likely debt with prospective students. Additional accountability measures will be

21 aimed at for-profit institutions in support of the gainful employment rule to ensure that these institutions support student completion and prepare students for work. Additional measures will be implemented to hold institutions accountable for deceptive marketing tactics, fraud and other illegal practices. In such scenarios, affected students will have the option to cancel their student debt and defrauded GI Bill students will have another chance to use their educational support.

Donald Trump, the Republican nominee, has not released any formal proposal addressing educational policy and has largely avoided the topic during his campaign. However, the comments he has made regarding education have political and policy analysts speculating that Trump may support the following positions:

• Reducing Bureaucracy: Trump has suggested that the Department of Education can be downsized in an effort to reduce waste, fraud and abuse. Though Trump has defended entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare, he has suggested that Title I funding may not be reduced.

• Undocumented Students: A core component of Trump’s campaign is his promise to deport 11 million undocumented immigrants. If successful, this would directly impact the undocumented immigrants currently attending college as a result of President Obama’s executive action and may force institutions to include the verification of citizenship as criteria of admissions. Political Implications for Daytona State College

• The college will continue to monitor state and federal legislative priorities and policy changes. • The college must continue to use system-wide performance indicators to guide instructional and operational decisions. • The college will continue to expand access, reduce system and student costs, and strengthen the link between the labor market and postsecondary education. • The college must use national best practices and continuous evaluation of teaching and student support methods to increase student success and shorten time to degree. • The college will monitor the state and presidential elections in 2016, as they hold an unknown impact on Florida’s future and the direction of higher education.

Technology Trends

How proactive are the college’s IT operations? How does the institution recognize the growth of the Internet of Things, clouds and other upcoming technologies? This section takes a look at technology trends.

22 3D Printing

3D printing is one of the latest trends in education and provides teachers with three-dimensional visual products they can use in their classrooms to illustrate a variety of concepts that might otherwise be difficult for students to understand. It also helps teachers to motivate students when they are actually seeing a three-dimensional product that in the past has been presented in a visual format. It promotes hands-on learning by producing realistic three-dimensional models/products that can be used by schools of engineering and architecture to name a few (T.H.E. Journal, 2014).

3D printing can be used to create 3D models of the human body for more realistic interactive class activities in biology (Pierce, 2016). In his research, Cole investigates how software can be used to teach spatial skills leading to greater success in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields (Cole, 2016).

Evidence from the literature on the uses and benefits of 3D printing highlight many reasons why higher education institutions should invest in this technology.

Gamification

Gamification, another technology trend, seeks to take enjoyable aspects of games – fun, play and challenge – and apply them to real-world processes in the educational field, in business and leisure. Experts foresee immense growth of gamification globally over the next few years. Gamification in higher education has benefits in keeping students motivated and interested in topics ranging from core disciplines to, among others, nursing, foreign languages, art, music and culinary subject areas. The overall assumption is that it helps students stay focused and interested in the assigned tasks and improves retention of the learned subjects. Internet of Things

The large growth of materials, media and software during the last decade has led to steps toward more individualized learning approaches. According to Sujithra and Padmavathi (2016), the Internet of Things (IoT) is the connection of any device to the Internet with an on and off switch. The IoT “includes everything from cell phones, coffee makers, washing machines, headphones, lamps, wearable devices and almost anything else” (Sujithra & Padmavathi, pg. 227). The network of all the connected things includes people as well.

Colleges and universities must pay attention and guarantee that technological systems are designed and built for openness and participation (Sellinger, Sepulveda, & Buchan 2013). Challenges include developing new forms of education that accommodate great numbers of students and delivering curriculum that reflect the changes of technology (Sellinger et al., 2013).

23 Cloud-Based Computing

Budiawan (2016) reported that cloud computing is a style of computing where dynamically scalable and virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet” (pg. 2). Cloud computing provides for shared resources, software and information through the Internet (Matthew, 2012). A great advantage of cloud computing is that data and services are made available without losing sensitive information.

Benefits of cloud computing in higher education include access to applications from anywhere and support for teaching and learning (Budiawan, 2016). Faculty, staff and students can be on or off campus to access and use resources (Matthew, 2012). Cloud computing can provide great value and enables colleges and universities to save money (Budiawan, 2016). Other Technology Trends

Addressing Cyber Attacks

Cyber attacks have increased exponentially and colleges are not immune to those attacks. Institutions of higher education must take proactive measures to prevent such attacks and have updated breach response plans. Cybersecurity also is an area for growth in terms of education and job outlook.

Social Media

Currently, 75% of adults worldwide use social media, with number one being Facebook, followed by Instagram and Twitter. With the growth of additional social media platforms geared toward the younger generation, such as Snap Chat, higher education must be creative in its use of social media for marketing, instruction, outreach and overall use.

Online Education

The number of students taking online education classes continues to increase. Based on the Babson Survey Research Group’s 2014 Survey of Online Learning, 70.8% of administration says that online education is an integral part of college operations; however, only 28% agree that faculty embrace online education. Excelling in the delivery of online learning will be critical to future competitiveness.

Technology Implications for Daytona State College

• Daytona State College must continue to expand online education and enhance its effectiveness through faculty and staff training and development, and strategies to increase online student success.

24 • The college can enhance instruction, course offerings and operations by maximizing applications related to the Internet of Things and by integrating 3D printing and gamification into its programs and services. • The college must provide a robust infrastructure to support a growing network of devices that mobilize technology and at the same time must take proactive measures to prevent cyber attacks and have breach response plans in place. • The college must continue to use, monitor and enhance its social media presence for marketing, instruction and outreach.

Environmental Trends

Environmental trends related to sustainability and evolving workplaces are impacting colleges at many different levels, including enrollment. According to The Princeton Review’s Senior VP-Publisher Robert Franek, “Among nearly 10,000 teens who participated in our ‘2015 College Hopes & Worries Survey,’ 61% told us that having information about a school’s commitment to the environment would influence their decision to apply to or attend the college” (The Princeton Review, 2015). Examples of sustainability categories include, but are not limited to, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, indoor environmental quality and sustainable sites. LEED-Certified Buildings

LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is the “most widely used third-party verification for green buildings, with around 1.85 million square feet being certified daily” (U.S. Green Building Council, 2016). Some Florida colleges that currently have at least one LEED-certified building are Miami Dade, Santa Fe, Florida Southwestern, Florida State College at Jacksonville, State College of Florida and Seminole State College. Daytona Beach area buildings that are LEED-certified include the Daytona Beach Kennel Club and the NASCAR headquarters (Green Building Wire, 2015). Vehicle-Based Pollution Reduction

Nationally, colleges and universities are making concerted efforts to promote “greener” ways to get to and from campus by promoting carpooling/ridesharing. “Institutions offer many incentives to encourage this practice, including reduced parking fees, preferential parking spaces, subsidized or free bus passes to get around campus and emergency rides” (Abell, 2015). In Florida specifically, Miami Dade College has a program, Get2MDC, which promotes mass transit, biking, walking and carpooling. This program provides carpool matching services, reserved carpool parking and a “backup ride” program. Its website also includes a “cost of commuting” calculator. Additionally, more colleges and universities (including Valencia, State College of Florida and College of Central Florida) are installing electric car-charging stations on campus.

25 Sustainability

Many Florida colleges have formed college-wide committees to discuss and implement best practices for sustainability and promote communication between departments and in the community. Furthermore, some dedicate space on their websites to publish their sustainability efforts and results. Additionally, some institutions, such as State College of Florida, have incorporated sustainability into their institutional values and strategic priorities. Consumption/Waste

There is an increasing trend toward concerted efforts to reduce consumption and waste on campus. The following is a glimpse of initiatives:

• recycling competitions statewide and nationwide, with recycling bins across campus; • reducing or eliminating the sale of single-use water bottles on campus and installing more water fountains that serve as water-bottle refill stations; • composting surplus food; • selling recyclable materials for profit; • buying “green” products; • reducing water usage: o planting native, drought-resistant plants and sod (Bahia vs. St. Augustine) o building rainwater catchment systems; • Energy conservation:  installing LED lighting and attaching solar panels;  affixing occupancy sensors for lighting and cooling;  brushing roof coatings that reflect light and reduce cooling costs. Office of the Future

Since individual employees prefer different types of work environments, an upcoming trend is to design office spaces that give employees more options and flexibility. According to a recent Forbes article, “Some employees work better in cubicles and others work better in a lounge or cafeteria. Based on our research, employees want flexible furniture, a distraction-free environment and lounge areas” (Schawbel, 2015). Other studies indicate that creating spaces where employees cross paths more often will boost productivity. According to a report published in Harvard Business Review, “The key to unlock the greatest productivity isn’t necessarily in the hands of the individual employee. Rather…. face-to-face encounters are the way anyone working in the knowledge economy is going to improve performance” (as cited in Dishman, 2014).

26 Solar-Powered Charging Stations

Institutions across the nation are purchasing powering stations for mobile devices, mostly in the form of picnic tables with umbrellas laden with solar panels. These are ideal for sunny locations such as Daytona Beach. The tables, made and sold by EnerFusion Inc. for $10,000, seat eight and provide power outlets, USB ports, battery backups, energy consumption monitors and LED lights for nighttime use. The newest 2016 model provides Qi-enabled wireless charging locations on the table surface as well as a WiFi hotspot (http://www.enerfusioninc.com/solar-power-dok.html). The Flip-Side of the Argument

Not everyone embraces the sustainability trend occurring on college campuses nationwide. A study conducted by the National Association of Scholars (2015) claims that campus sustainability may even harm higher education. The report investigates how much colleges and universities are spending to attain sustainability goals and determined that “costs far outrun the purported savings” and that many institutions fail transparency tests when it comes to spending. Additionally, this report questions the “greening of the curriculum.” It states that “harnessing higher education and the liberal arts into the service of sustainability seriously undermines their purpose.” Environmental Implications for Daytona State College • The college should assess and investigate its sustainability efforts and look at LEED-certified buildings, vehicle-based pollution reduction, and consumption and waste. • The college should examine its existing spaces and repurpose effectively to push toward nontraditional learning spaces. • The college must educate students and staff about the basics of energy conservation. • Through campus construction and expansion, the college has the opportunity to enhance local and regional partnerships.

27 References

Abell, David. (2009, November 09). Ridesharing on campus [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.aashe.org/blog/ridesharing-campus

Association of Florida Colleges (2016). End of Session Report. The Current, volume 49(issue 2).

Barakat, S. M (2016). Internet of Things: Ecosystem and Applications. Journal of Current Research in Science, 4(1), 3 pp. 2-34.

Barnatt, Christopher (2016). Retrieved from: http://www.explainingthefuture.com. You can learn more about 3D printing on the ExplainingTheFuture channel at http://www.youtube.com/explainingthef.)

Bezovski, Z., & Poorani, S. (2016, March). The Evolution of E-Learning and New Trends. In Information and Knowledge Management (Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 50-57). IISTE.

Budiawan, R. (2016, April). Implementation of cloud computing in higher education. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 128, No. 1, p. 012022). IOP Publishing.

Bureau of Economic and Business Research. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.bebr.ufl.edu/

Cantor, M. (2013, February 21). Scientists use 3-D printing to help grow an ear. USA Today. Retrieved from www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/02/20/scientists-3-d-printing- ear/1933701/

Cole, P. (2016). Measuring the Effectiveness of Software-Based Training to Improve the Spatial Visualization Skills of Students in STEM Disciplines in Higher Education Institutions.

Community Snapshot. Volusia and Flagler Counties. September 2015. Retrieved from http://www.agendavf.org/2015Snapshot.pdf

Cörvers, R., Wiek, A., de Kraker, J., Lang, D. J., & Martens, P. (2016). Problem-Based and Project-Based Learning for Sustainable Development. In Sustainability Science (pp. 349-358). Springer Netherlands.

Dicheva, D., & Dichev, C. (2015, October). Gamification in Education: Where Are We in 2015?. In E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (Vol. 2015, No. 1, pp. 1445-1454).

28 Dierker (AE), Lisa; Alexander, Jalen; Cooper, Jennifer L.; Selya, Arielle; Rose, Jennifer; and Dasgupta, Nilanjana (2016) “ Engaging Diverse Students in Statistical Inquiry: A Comparison of Learning Experiences and Outcomes of Under-Represented and Non-Underrepresented Students Enrolled in a Multidisciplinary Project-Based Statistics Course,” International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: Vol. 10: No. 1, Article 2.

Dishman, Lydia. (2014, September 11). Forget what you know about how to maximize productivity. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/3035569/the-future-of-work/forget-what-you-think- you-know-about-the-office-of-the-future

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