Two-Dimensional Fractal Nanocrystals Templating for Substantial

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Two-Dimensional Fractal Nanocrystals Templating for Substantial Two-dimensional fractal nanocrystals templating for SPECIAL FEATURE substantial performance enhancement of polyamide nanofiltration membrane Yang Lua, Ruoyu Wangb, Yuzhang Zhua,1, Zhenyi Wanga, Wangxi Fanga, Shihong Linb,1, and Jian Jina,c,d,1 aInternational Laboratory for Adaptive Bio-nanotechnology, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; bDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1831; cCenter for Excellence in Nanoscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; and dCollege of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Edited by Howard A. Stone, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved December 29, 2020 (received for review September 24, 2020) In this study, we report the emergence of two-dimensional (2D) of the existing infrastructure or method of manufacturing TFC-PA branching fractal structures (BFS) in the nanoconfinement be- membranes and thus are prohibitively complex or too expensive tween the active and the support layer of a thin-film-composite to implement. A desirable approach for enhancing TFC-PA polyamide (TFC-PA) nanofiltration membrane. These BFS are crys- membrane performance should be simple, low cost, effective, and tal dendrites of NaCl formed when salts are either added to the readily integrated into the existing method of TFC-PA membrane piperazine solution during the interfacial polymerization process fabrication. or introduced to the nascently formed TFC-PA membrane before Herein, we report an elegant and highly practical method us- drying. The NaCl dosing concentration and the curing temperature ing two-dimensional (2D) fractal crystal dendrites to dramatically have an impact on the size of the BFS but not on the fractal di- increase the water permeance of the TFC-PA NF membrane ∼ mension ( 1.76). The BFS can be removed from the TFC-PA mem- while maintaining its solute rejection performance. By adding branes by simply dissolving the crystal dendrites in deionized NaCl to the aqueous PIP solution during the IP process, we water, and the resulting TFC-PA membranes have substantially observed that NaCl crystal dendrites emerged in the confinement higher water fluxes (three- to fourfold) without compromised sol- between the PA layer and the PES support when the TFC-PA CHEMISTRY ute rejection. The flux enhancement is believed to be attributable membrane was cured by heat (Fig. 1 A–C). These spectacular to the distributed reduction in physical binding between the PA branching fractal structures (BFS) are considered to be 2D be- active layer and the support layer, caused by the exertion of crys- cause they are less thick when compared with the overall size of tallization pressure when the BFS formed. This reduced physical the BFS sprawling along the plane parallel to the membrane binding leads to an increase in the effective area for water trans- port, which, in turn, results in higher water flux. The BFS-templating surface. Dissolving the PES support using dimethylformamide revealed a large number of crystals adhering to the bottom of the method, which includes the interesting characteristics of 2D crystal SI Appendix dendrites, represents a facile, low-cost, and highly practical method PA film ( , Figs. S1 and S2), confirming the position of of enhancing the performance of the TFC-PA nanofiltration mem- the BFS to be between the PA active layer and the PES support. brane without having to alter the existing infrastructure of Elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy D E membrane fabrication. (Fig. 1 and ) and crystal structure analysis using X-ray nanofiltration membrane | high flux | interfacial polymerization | Significance fractal structure Fractal structures and phenomena have existed in nature for hin-film composite polyamide (TFC-PA) membranes are hundreds of millions of years. Developing their practical ap- Twidely used in reverse osmosis and nanofiltration (NF), plications in material design is of fundamental importance, but which have extensive and continuously growing applications in this goal has not yet been reached. In this work, NaCl crystals water treatment, desalination, and wastewater reuse (1–4). Typical with a fractal structure are formed between the polyamide TFC-PA membranes are fabricated using interfacial polymeriza- active layer and the support during an interfacial polymeriza- tion (IP), which involves a polymerizing reaction between tion process. The branching of fractal NaCl nanocrystals creates amine and acid chloride precursors at the water–oil interface numerous tiny interworking water channels that enable water (5–9). In a typical IP for producing TFC-PA NF membranes, a transport, maximizing the effective permeating area of the polyether sulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane is first impreg- polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membrane. The fractal NaCl – nated with an aqueous solution of piperazine (PIP) and then nanocrystals templated polyamide NF membrane exhibits an placed into contact with a hexane solution of trimesoyl chloride improved desalination performance with a three to four times (TMC). The PIP monomers diffuse across the water–hexane increase in permeance. Applying fractal structure successfully interface and react with the TMC to form a cross-linked dense to the design of artificial materials improves performance. PA film that serves as the active layer for water–salt separation Author contributions: Y.Z. and J.J. designed research; Y.L., R.W., and J.J. performed re- (3, 8, 10). This PA film is tightly bound to the underlying PES search; Y.L., R.W., Y.Z., Z.W., W.F., S.L., and J.J. analyzed data; and Y.L., Y.Z., S.L., and J.J. support layer, and the way they bind to each has a strong impact wrote the paper. on the water flux of the resulting TFC-PA membrane (11–15). The authors declare no competing interest. Enhancing the water flux of an NF membrane without com- This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. promising its solute rejection can potentially lead to substantial Published under the PNAS license. savings in treatment cost and has sizable practical impacts due to 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: [email protected], shihong. the broad application of TFC-PA membranes. While extensive [email protected], or [email protected]. research (9, 10, 16–25) has been performed with the goal of This article contains supporting information online at https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/ performance enhancement, many promising approaches (10, doi:10.1073/pnas.2019891118/-/DCSupplemental. 16–25) reported in the literature require significant modifications Published September 7, 2021. PNAS 2021 Vol. 118 No. 37 e2019891118 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2019891118 | 1of7 Downloaded by guest on September 26, 2021 Fig. 1. Formation process and surface morphology of BFS-templated TFC-PA membrane. (A) Schematic illustration of the process for preparing a BFS- templated TFC-PA membrane via interfacial polymerization. (B) Surface morphology of the BFS-templated TFC-PA membrane. (C) Close-up surface mor- phology of the BFS-templated TFC-PA membrane. (D and E) Elemental mapping images of Na (D) and Cl (E) on the surface of a BFS-templated TFC-PA − membrane. (NaCl concentration in PIP solution: 8 g·L 1; curing temperature: 60 °C). diffraction (SI Appendix,Fig.S3) confirmed that these 2D BFS be explained merely by the increase in the specific surface area, as were indeed NaCl crystals. the specific surface area of the BFS-templated TFC-PA mem- brane (after dissolving NaCl) was very similar to that of the con- Results ventional TFC-PA membrane (SI Appendix,Fig.S7). Instead, this The presence of NaCl crystal dendrites significantly increased flux enhancement is caused by the increase in the effective area of the surface roughness of the TFC-PA membrane (Fig. 2 A and the active layer for water transport (Fig. 2I). The PES support B). The thickness of the BFS is estimated to be 78 ± 10 nm based layer has a surface porosity of ∼15%, meaning that the PA active on an analysis of the surface topography measured using atomic layer is in direct contact with ∼85% of the underlying PES sup- force microscopy (AFM). While the NaCl crystals can be removed port. This fraction of the PA layer area either is not available or is simply by dissolving them in deionized water, the BFS formation ineffective for water and solute transport. has lasting impacts on the binding between the PA layer and the Such a theory is corroborated by the observation in previous underlying PES support. Unlike the tightly integrated interface studies (16–18, 20, 26) that a porous interlayer (between the between the support and active layers in conventional TFC-PA active and the support layer) with a very high porosity can sub- NF membranes (Fig. 2C), voids were created where the BFS stantially enhance the water flux. In the case of a BFS-templated existed before NaCl dissolution (Fig. 2D). TFC-PA membrane, the emergence and subsequent removal of Interestingly, the addition of NaCl and the formation of the the BFS reduced the area of direct adhesion between the PA BFS did not seem to affect the properties of the PA active layer active layer and the PES substrate, thereby increasing the effective itself. Both the reference TFC-PA membrane (without BFS area of the PA active layer for water transport (Fig. 2I). This formation) and the TFC-PA membrane (with BFS dissolved after argument is also well supported by an approximate quantitative formation) had practically indistinguishable properties, including analysis that investigated the porosity of the support layer zeta potential (Fig. 2E), water contact angle (SI Appendix,Fig. and the surface coverage of the NaCl dendrite (SI Appendix, S4), elemental composition (SI Appendix,Fig.S5andTable section 2.7). S1), distribution of functional groups (SI Appendix,Fig.S6), The morphology of the BFS depends on the NaCl concen- pore size distribution (Fig.
Recommended publications
  • XUE Liang Ph.D., Associate Professor
    XUE Liang Ph.D., Associate Professor Email: [email protected] Address of Office: Room 404 in the Zhongyou Building, Department of Petroleum Engineering,18 Fuxue Road, Changping District, Beijing 102249,China Education Ph.D., Hydrology, University of Arizona (United States), 2007 M.S., Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences - Beijing (China), 2005 B.S., Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences - Beijing (China), 2001 Research Areas and Interests Subsurface flow and transport in porous and fractured media Automatic history matching Machine Learning Stochastic analysis and optimization Teaching Fluid mechanics in porous media Professional English for petroleum engineering Academic writing for petroleum engineering Professional Experiences 2007-2011, University of Arizona, Research Assistant 2012-2014, College of Engineering, Peking University, Postdoc 2014-2015, Assistant Professor, Department of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, China 2015-present, Associate Professor, Department of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, China Other Professional Affiliations Member of American Geophysical Union Member of Society of Petroleum Engineering Selected Publications 1. Cheng Dai,Liang Xue,Weihong Wang,Xiang Li. Analysis of the influencing factors on the well performance in shale gas reservoir. Geofluids,2016.12,0(0):1~12 2. Liang Xue,Diao Li,Cheng Dai,Tongchao Nan,Characterization of Aquifer Multiscale Properties by Generating Random Fractal Field with Truncated Power Variogram Model Using Karhunen–Loève Expansion,Geofluids,2017.12, 0(0):1~15 3. Liang Xue,Cheng Dai,Lei Wang,Development of a General Package for Resolution of Uncertainty-Related Issues in Reservoir Engineering,Energies,2017.2.10,10(2):197~212 4. Xuan Liu,Cheng Dai,Liang Xue,Bingyu Ji,Estimation of fracture distribution in a CO2‐EOR system through Ensemble Kalman filter,Greenhouse Gases Science & Technology,2017.10.10,0:1-22 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Liang Kevin Guo
    LIANG KEVIN GUO CONTACT INFORMATION Department of Accounting and Finance Cell Phone: (617) 820-2622 Jack H. Brown College Office Phone: (909) 537-3257 Business & Public Administration Fax: (210) 458-6320 California State University, San Bernardino 5500 E-mail: [email protected] University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA Office Location: JB 225 EDUCATION The University of Texas at San Antonio, College of Business San Antonio, TX Ph.D. in Finance, August 2013 2009 - 2013 Charter Financial Analyst (CFA) Boston University, School of Management Boston, MA M.B.A., Concentration in Finance, May 2009 2007 - 2009 Graduation with High Honor Peking University, School of Economics Beijing, China B.S. in Economics, July 2002 1998 - 2002 TEACHING EXPERIENCE Associate Finance Professor, Jack. H. Brown College of Business and Public Administration (JHBC), California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB), CA Fall 2017 – Present Assistant Finance Professor, Jack. H. Brown College of Business and Public Administration (JHBC), California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB), CA Fall 2013 – Spring 2017 FIN 313: Business Finance (Teaching Evaluation: 5.8 / 6.0) FIN 314: Corporate Finance Management (Teaching Evaluation: 5.8 / 6.0) FIN 430: Financial Theory and Practice (Teaching Evaluation: 6.0 / 6.0) FIN 435: Investment Analysis (Teaching Evaluation: 5.6 / 6.0) FIN 546 Student Investment Fund Instructor, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX Summer 2012 –Summer 2013 FIN 3033: Principles of Investment (Teaching Evaluation: 4.59 / 5.0) FIN 3023: Intermediate
    [Show full text]
  • Third Edition 中文听说读写
    Integrated Chinese Level 1 Part 1 Textbook Simplified Characters Third Edition 中文听说读写 THIS IS A SAMPLE COPY FOR PREVIEW AND EVALUATION, AND IS NOT TO BE REPRODUCED OR SOLD. © 2009 Cheng & Tsui Company. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-0-88727-644-6 (hardcover) ISBN 978-0-88727-638-5 (paperback) To purchase a copy of this book, please visit www.cheng-tsui.com. To request an exam copy of this book, please write [email protected]. Cheng & Tsui Company www.cheng-tsui.com Tel: 617-988-2400 Fax: 617-426-3669 LESSON 1 Greetings 第一课 问好 Dì yī kè Wèn hǎo SAMPLE LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this lesson, you will learn to use Chinese to • Exchange basic greetings; • Request a person’s last name and full name and provide your own; • Determine whether someone is a teacher or a student; • Ascertain someone’s nationality. RELATE AND GET READY In your own culture/community— 1. How do people greet each other when meeting for the fi rst time? 2. Do people say their given name or family name fi rst? 3. How do acquaintances or close friends address each other? 20 Integrated Chinese • Level 1 Part 1 • Textbook Dialogue I: Exchanging Greetings SAMPLELANGUAGE NOTES 你好! 你好!(Nǐ hǎo!) is a common form of greeting. 你好! It can be used to address strangers upon fi rst introduction or between old acquaintances. To 请问,你贵姓? respond, simply repeat the same greeting. 请问 (qǐng wèn) is a polite formula to be used 1 2 我姓 李。你呢 ? to get someone’s attention before asking a question or making an inquiry, similar to “excuse me, may I 我姓王。李小姐 , please ask…” in English.
    [Show full text]
  • I Want to Be More Hong Kong Than a Hongkonger”: Language Ideologies and the Portrayal of Mainland Chinese in Hong Kong Film During the Transition
    Volume 6 Issue 1 2020 “I Want to be More Hong Kong Than a Hongkonger”: Language Ideologies and the Portrayal of Mainland Chinese in Hong Kong Film During the Transition Charlene Peishan Chan [email protected] ISSN: 2057-1720 doi: 10.2218/ls.v6i1.2020.4398 This paper is available at: http://journals.ed.ac.uk/lifespansstyles Hosted by The University of Edinburgh Journal Hosting Service: http://journals.ed.ac.uk/ “I Want to be More Hong Kong Than a Hongkonger”: Language Ideologies and the Portrayal of Mainland Chinese in Hong Kong Film During the Transition Charlene Peishan Chan The years leading up to the political handover of Hong Kong to Mainland China surfaced issues regarding national identification and intergroup relations. These issues manifested in Hong Kong films of the time in the form of film characters’ language ideologies. An analysis of six films reveals three themes: (1) the assumption of mutual intelligibility between Cantonese and Putonghua, (2) the importance of English towards one’s Hong Kong identity, and (3) the expectation that Mainland immigrants use Cantonese as their primary language of communication in Hong Kong. The recurrence of these findings indicates their prevalence amongst native Hongkongers, even in a post-handover context. 1 Introduction The handover of Hong Kong to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1997 marked the end of 155 years of British colonial rule. Within this socio-political landscape came questions of identification and intergroup relations, both amongst native Hongkongers and Mainland Chinese (Tong et al. 1999, Brewer 1999). These manifest in the attitudes and ideologies that native Hongkongers have towards the three most widely used languages in Hong Kong: Cantonese, English, and Putonghua (a standard variety of Mandarin promoted in Mainland China by the Government).
    [Show full text]
  • The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history.
    [Show full text]
  • Tales of a Medieval Cairene Harem: Domestic Life in Al-Biqa≠‘|'S Autobiographical Chronicle
    LI GUO UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME Tales of a Medieval Cairene Harem: Domestic Life in al-Biqa≠‘|'s Autobiographical Chronicle Among the findings of recent scholarship on medieval Arabic autobiography1 is a reaffirmation, or redefinition, of the long-held notion that the realm of "private" life was "never the central focus of pre-modern Arabic autobiographical texts."2 To address this paradoxical contradiction between the business of "self- representation" and the obvious lack of "private" material in such texts, four sets of recurring features have been identified to help in uncovering the "modes" the medieval Arabic authors used to construct their individual identities: portrayals of childhood failures, portrayals of emotion through the description of action, dream narratives as reflections of moments of authorial anxiety, and poetry as a discourse of emotion.3 Other related areas, such as domestic life, gender, and sexuality, are largely left out. The "autobiographical anxiety," after all, has perhaps more to do with the authors' motivations to pen elaborate portrayals, in various literary conventions, of themselves as guardians of religious learning and respected community members (and in some cases, to settle scores with their enemies and rivals) than self-indulgence and exhibitionist "individuating." In this regard, a good example is perhaps the universally acclaimed autobiographical travelogue, the Rih˝lah of Ibn Bat¸t¸u≠t¸ah (d. 770/1368), who married and divorced over a period of thirty years of globetrotting more than twenty women and fathered, and eventually abandoned, some seventy children. However, little, if any, information is provided © Middle East Documentation Center. The University of Chicago.
    [Show full text]
  • 中国人的姓名 王海敏 Wang Hai Min
    中国人的姓名 王海敏 Wang Hai min last name first name Haimin Wang 王海敏 Chinese People’s Names Two parts Last name First name 姚明 Yao Ming Last First name name Jackie Chan 成龙 cheng long Last First name name Bruce Lee 李小龙 li xiao long Last First name name The surname has roughly several origins as follows: 1. the creatures worshipped in remote antiquity . 龙long, 马ma, 牛niu, 羊yang, 2. ancient states’ names 赵zhao, 宋song, 秦qin, 吴wu, 周zhou 韩han,郑zheng, 陈chen 3. an ancient official titles 司马sima, 司徒situ 4. the profession. 陶tao,钱qian, 张zhang 5. the location and scene in residential places 江jiang,柳 liu 6.the rank or title of nobility 王wang,李li • Most are one-character surnames, but some are compound surname made up of two of more characters. • 3500Chinese surnames • 100 commonly used surnames • The three most common are 张zhang, 王wang and 李li What does my name mean? first name strong beautiful lively courageous pure gentle intelligent 1.A person has an infant name and an official one. 2.In the past,the given names were arranged in the order of the seniority in the family hierarchy. 3.It’s the Chinese people’s wish to give their children a name which sounds good and meaningful. Project:Search on-Line www.Mandarinintools.com/chinesename.html Find Chinese Names for yourself, your brother, sisters, mom and dad, or even your grandparents. Find meanings of these names. ----What is your name? 你叫什么名字? ni jiao shen me ming zi? ------ 我叫王海敏 wo jiao Wang Hai min ------ What is your last name? 你姓什么? ni xing shen me? (你贵姓?)ni gui xing? ------ 我姓 王,王海敏。 wo xing wang, Wang Hai min ----- What is your nationality? 你是哪国人? ni shi na guo ren? ----- I am chinese/American 我是中国人/美国人 Wo shi zhong guo ren/mei guo ren 百家 姓 bai jia xing 赵(zhào) 钱(qián) 孙(sūn) 李(lǐ) 周(zhōu) 吴(wú) 郑(zhèng) 王(wán 冯(féng) 陈(chén) 褚(chǔ) 卫(wèi) 蒋(jiǎng) 沈(shěn) 韩(hán) 杨(yáng) 朱(zhū) 秦(qín) 尤(yóu) 许(xǔ) 何(hé) 吕(lǚ) 施(shī) 张(zhāng).
    [Show full text]
  • Predicting the Potential Habitat of Three Endangered Species of Carpinus Genus Under Climate Change and Human Activity
    Article Predicting the Potential Habitat of Three Endangered Species of Carpinus Genus under Climate Change and Human Activity Jiejie Sun 1,2 , Lei Feng 2,3, Tongli Wang 2 , Xiangni Tian 4, Xiao He 5 , Hui Xia 3 and Weifeng Wang 1,* 1 Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; [email protected] 2 Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [email protected] (L.F.); [email protected] (T.W.) 3 College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; [email protected] 4 School of Mathematics and Statistics, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China; [email protected] 5 Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Management and Growth Modelling, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-(25)-8542-8015 Abstract: The impact of climate change and human activities on endangered plants has been a serious concern in forest ecology. Some Carpinus plants have become extinct. Thus, we need to pay more attention to the Carpinus plants that are not yet extinct but are endangered. Here, we employed the species distribution model (SDM) considering different climate change scenarios and human footprint to test the potential habitat changes of three Carpinus species (C. oblongifolia, C. tientaiensis, and C. purpurinervis) in the future. Our results showed that the mean diurnal range of temperature (MDRT), isothermality, mean temperature of wettest quarter, and human footprint were the most influential factors determining the distribution of C.
    [Show full text]
  • English Versions of Chinese Authors' Names in Biomedical Journals
    Dialogue English Versions of Chinese Authors’ Names in Biomedical Journals: Observations and Recommendations The English language is widely used inter- In English transliteration, two-syllable Forms of Chinese Authors’ Names nationally for academic purposes. Most of given names sometimes are spelled as two in Biomedical Journals the world’s leading life-science journals are words (Jian Hua), sometimes as one word We recently reviewed forms of Chinese published in English. A growing number (Jianhua), and sometimes hyphenated authors’ names accompanying English- of Chinese biomedical journals publish (Jian-Hua). language articles or abstracts in various abstracts or full papers in this language. Occasionally Chinese surnames are Chinese and Western biomedical journals. We have studied how Chinese authors’ two syllables (for example, Ou-Yang, Mu- We found considerable inconsistency even names are presented in English in bio- Rong, Si-Ma, and Si-Tu). Editors who are within the same journal or issue. The forms medical journals. There is considerable relatively unfamiliar with Chinese names were in the following categories: inconsistency. This inconsistency causes may mistake these compound surnames for • Surname in all capital letters followed by confusion, for example, in distinguishing given names. hyphenated or closed-up given name, for surnames from given names and thus cit- China has 56 ethnic groups. Names example, ing names properly in reference lists. of minority group members can differ KE Zhi-Yong (Chinese Journal of In the current article we begin by pre- considerably from those of Hans, who Contemporary Pediatrics) senting as background some features of constitute most of the Chinese population. GUO Liang-Qian (Chinese Chinese names.
    [Show full text]
  • Participant List
    Participant List 10/20/2019 8:45:44 AM Category First Name Last Name Position Organization Nationality CSO Jillian Abballe UN Advocacy Officer and Anglican Communion United States Head of Office Ramil Abbasov Chariman of the Managing Spektr Socio-Economic Azerbaijan Board Researches and Development Public Union Babak Abbaszadeh President and Chief Toronto Centre for Global Canada Executive Officer Leadership in Financial Supervision Amr Abdallah Director, Gulf Programs Educaiton for Employment - United States EFE HAGAR ABDELRAHM African affairs & SDGs Unit Maat for Peace, Development Egypt AN Manager and Human Rights Abukar Abdi CEO Juba Foundation Kenya Nabil Abdo MENA Senior Policy Oxfam International Lebanon Advisor Mala Abdulaziz Executive director Swift Relief Foundation Nigeria Maryati Abdullah Director/National Publish What You Pay Indonesia Coordinator Indonesia Yussuf Abdullahi Regional Team Lead Pact Kenya Abdulahi Abdulraheem Executive Director Initiative for Sound Education Nigeria Relationship & Health Muttaqa Abdulra'uf Research Fellow International Trade Union Nigeria Confederation (ITUC) Kehinde Abdulsalam Interfaith Minister Strength in Diversity Nigeria Development Centre, Nigeria Kassim Abdulsalam Zonal Coordinator/Field Strength in Diversity Nigeria Executive Development Centre, Nigeria and Farmers Advocacy and Support Initiative in Nig Shahlo Abdunabizoda Director Jahon Tajikistan Shontaye Abegaz Executive Director International Insitute for Human United States Security Subhashini Abeysinghe Research Director Verite
    [Show full text]
  • CURRICULUM VITAE Li Liu Research Interests Education Professional
    CURRICULUM VITAE Li Liu NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 Phone: (212) 678-5579 E-mail: [email protected] Research Interests Atmospheric Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Direct and Indirect Aerosol Forcing of Climate, Cloud and Aerosol Physics, Atmospheric Radiation, Electromagnetic Scattering Education Ph.D. in Atmospheric Science, February, 2004 Minor: Statistics and Climatology Dissertation title: Optical characterization of complex aerosol and cloud particles: remote sensing and climatological implications Advisors: Dr. Michael I. Mishchenko, and Dr. James E. Hansen Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY M.S. in Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment, 1999 Department of Geophysics, Beijing University, Beijing, China B.S. in Atmospheric Science, 1996 Department of Geophysics, Beijing University, Beijing, China Professional Experience 1999-2003 Graduate Research Assistant Columbia University and NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY Teaching Assistant W4950: Math methods in earth sciences, Fall, 2001 W4917: The earth/human system, Fall, 2002 V3003: The earth’s climate, Spring, 2003 1996-1999 Graduate Research Assistant Beijing University, Beijing, China Teaching Assistant Atmospheric radiation and atmospheric optics, Fall, 1998 Peer-Reviewed Publications 1. Liu, L., Optical characterization of complex aerosol and cloud particles: remote sensing and climatological implications, Ph.D. thesis, Columbia University, New York, 2004. 2. Liu, L., M. I. Mishchenko, I. Geogdzhayev, A. Smirnov, S. M. Sakerin, D. M. Kabanov, and O. A. Ershov, Global validation of two-channel AVHRR aerosol optical thickness retrievals over the oceans, submitted to J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer special issue on “Photopolarimetry in Remote Sensing”, 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Chih-Liang Liu
    CHIH-LIANG LIU Institute for Financial & Accounting Studies Tel: (+86)592-2187352 Xiamen University E-mail: [email protected] Room 511-4, Jiageng Building 2, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005 China EDUCATION Ph.D., Accounting, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 2007 ACADEMIC POSITION Assistant Professor in Accounting, Institute for Financial & Accounting Studies, Xiamen University, China TEACHING COURSES Undergraduate level: Financial Accounting Postgraduate level: Financial Statement Analysis PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS Member, American Accounting Association, U.S.A. (2008-present) RESEARCH INTERESTS Financial Accounting: Accounting conservatism, auditor quality, board connection, corporate governance, internal controls, investment efficiency, managerial characteristics PUBLISHED RESEARCH ARTICLES Shu-Miao Lai and Chih-Liang Liu*. 2018. The Effect of Auditor Characteristics on the Value of Diversification. A Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 37 (1): 115-137. (A* journal indexed in Scopus and SSCI) (*Corresponding author) Shu-Miao Lai and Chih-Liang Liu*. 2018. Management Characteristics and Corporate Investment Efficiency. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics 25 (3-4): 295–312 (Lead article). (SSCI) (*Corresponding author) Yi-Mien Lin, Chih-Chen Lee, Chin-Fang Chao and Chih-Liang Liu. 2015. The Information Content of Unexpected Stock Returns: Evidence from Intellectual Capital. International Review of Economics and Finance 37: 208–225. (SSCI) Shu-Miao Lai, Chih-Liang Liu* and Taychang Wang. 2014. Increased Disclosure and Investment Efficiency. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics 21 (3): 308–327. (SSCI) (*Corresponding author) Yi-Mien Lin, Chin-Fang Chao and Chih-Liang Liu. 2014. Transparency, Idiosyncratic Risk, and Convertible Bonds. The European Journal of Finance 20 (1): 80–103.
    [Show full text]