DOCSLIB.ORG

Complete Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Complete Report A Report on The Fifteenth International TOVS Study Conference Maratea, Italy 4-10 October 2006 Conference sponsored by: IMAA / CNR Met Office (U.K.) University of Wisconsin-Madison / SSEC NOAA NESDIS EUMETSAT World Meteorological Organization ITT Industries Kongsberg Spacetec CNES ABB Bomem Dimension Data LGR Impianti Cisco Systems and VCS Report prepared by: Thomas Achtor and Roger Saunders ITWG Co-Chairs Leanne Avila Maria Vasys Editors Published and Distributed by: University of Wisconsin-Madison 1225 West Dayton Street Madison, WI 53706 USA ITWG Web Site: http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/itwg/ February 2007 International TOVS Study Conference-XV Working Group Report FOREWORD The International TOVS Working Group (ITWG) is convened as a sub-group of the International Radiation Commission (IRC) of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics (IAMAP). The ITWG continues to organise International TOVS Study Conferences (ITSCs) which have met approximately every 18 months since 1983. Through this forum, operational and research users of TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS), Advanced TOVS (ATOVS) and other atmospheric sounding data have exchanged information on data processing methods, derived products, and the impacts of radiances and inferred atmospheric temperature and moisture fields on numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate studies. The Fifteenth International TOVS Study Conference (ITSC-XV) was held at the Villa del Mare near Maratea, Italy from 4 to 10 October 2006. This conference report summarises the scientific exchanges and outcomes of the meeting. A companion document, The Technical Proceedings of The Fourteenth International TOVS Study Conference, contains the complete text of ITSC-XV scientific presentations. The ITWG Web site ( http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/itwg/ ) contains electronic versions of the conference presentations and publications. Together, these documents and Web pages reflect the conduct of a highly successful meeting in Maratea. An active and mature community of TOVS and ATOVS data users now exists, and considerable progress and positive results were reported at ITSC-XV in a number of areas, including many related to the ATOVS system, use of AIRS measurements, and to the other current and impending advanced sounders. ITSC-XV was sponsored by industry, government agencies and a university, including, VCS Engineering, CNES, Kongsberg Spacetec AS, ABB, ITT Industries, the Met Office (U.K.), the University of Wisconsin-Madison Space Science and Engineering Center, the World Meteorological Organization, EUMETSAT, and NOAA/NESDIS. The support of these groups is gratefully acknowledged. We wish to thank the local organising committee from the Italian National Research Council, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (CNR/IMAA), located in Potenza, Basilicata, Italy, especially to Dr. Filomena Romano for her exceptional effort and talent in leading the local organization. Finally, appreciation is given to local sponsors, including Dimension Data, LGR Impianti, Cisco Systems, Basilicata Turistica, Provincia di Potenza and Regione Basilicata Assessorato Infrastrutture. ___________________ ___________________ Roger Saunders Thomas Achtor Co-Chair ITWG Co-Chair ITWG Met Office (U.K.) University of Wisconsin-Madison International TOVS Study Conference-XV Working Group Report THE FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL International TOVS Study Conference-XV Working Group Report TOVS STUDY CONFERENCE (ITSC-XV) Maratea, Italy: 4 – 10 October 2006 International TOVS Working Group (ITWG) Co-Chairs Thomas Achtor, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Roger Saunders, Met Office, UK Organising Committee for ITSC-XV Thomas Achtor, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Roger Saunders, Met Office, UK Vincenzo Cuomo, IMAA/CNR, Italy Filomena Romano, IMAA/CNR, Italy Domenico Cimini, IMAA/CNR, Italy Enza Di Tomaso, IMAA/CNR, Italy John Palmer, IMAA/CNR, Italy Elisabetta Ricciardelli, IMAA/CNR, Italy Leanne Avila, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Maria Vasys, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA ITSC-XV Participants Thomas Achtor CIMSS/University of Wisconsin-Madison USA David Anselmo Canadian Meteorological Center Canada Paolo Antonelli CIMSS/University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Jose Aravequia CPTEC/INPE Brazil Raymond Armante Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique France Nigel Atkinson Met Office UK Thomas Auligne ECMWF UK Leanne Avila CIMSS/University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Nancy Baker Naval Research Laboratory USA John Bates NOAA/NCDC USA Alain Beaulne Canadian Meteorological Center Canada William Bell Met Office UK Ralf Bennartz AOS, University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Hal Bloom NOAA/NESDIS USA Denis Blumstein CNES France Niels Bormann ECMWF UK Sid Ahmed Boukabara IMSG @ NOAA/NESDIS/STAR USA Pascal Brunel MeteoFrance France Stefan Buehler Lulea Technical University Sweden William Campbell Naval Research Laboratory USA Brett Candy Met Office UK Zhaohui Cheng QSS Group Inc. USA Domenico Cimini IMAA-CNR Italy Andrew Collard ECMWF UK David Crain ITT USA Vincenzo Cuomo IMAA-CNR Italy Per Dahlgren Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Sweden Luigi De Leonibus Italian Meteorological Service – USAM/Italian Air Force HQs Italy International TOVS Study Conference-XV Working Group Report Godelieve Deblonde Environment Canada Canada John Derber EMC/NCEP/NOAA USA Dezso Devenyi NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory USA Paolo Digirolamo Unibas Italy Frode Dinessen Kongsberg Spacetec AS Norway Enza Di Tomaso IMAA-CNR Italy Chaohua Dong NSMC, China Meteorological Administration China Marie DuMont WMO Switzerland Adam Dybbroe SMHI Sweden Izabela Dyras Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Poland Steve English Met Office UK Nadia Fourrie CNRM Meteo France France Louis Garand Meteorological Service of Canada Canada Alan Geer ECMWF UK Mitch Goldberg NOAA USA Giuseppe Grieco Unibas Italy Sylvain Heilliette Environment Canada Canada Dirceu Herdies CPTEC/INPE Brazil Fiona Hilton Met Office UK Sara Hörnquist SMHI Sweden Allen Huang CIMSS/University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Bormin Huang CIMSS/University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Nicole Jacquinet Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique France Anton Kaifel Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Germany Graeme Kelly ECMWF UK Thomas King QSS Group Inc USA Thomas Kleespies NOAA/NESDIS USA Tiphaine Labrot Meteo-France France Teodosio Lacava IMAA-CNR Italy Bjorn Lambrigtsen Jet Propulsion Laboratory USA Bozena Lapeta Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Poland Allen Larar NASA Langley USA Lydie Lavanant Meteo-France France Jun Li CIMSS/University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Jian Liu WMO Switzerland Philippe Marguinaud Meteo-France France Marco Matricardi ECMWF UK Guido Masiello Unibas Italy Mark McCarthy Met Office, Hadley Centre UK Tony McNally ECMWF UK Yann Michel Meteo-France France Lotte Kroer Myrvoll Kongsberg Spacetec AS Norway Kozo Okamoto Japan Meteorological Agency Japan Paolo Pagano Italian Meteorological Service – USAM/Italian Air Force HQs Italy John Palmer IMAA-CNR Italy Ed Pavelin Met Office UK Eric Péquignot LMD/Ecole Polytechnique France Thierry Phulpin CNES France Jean Pla CNES France Nikita Pougatchev Space Dynamics Laboratory USA International TOVS Study Conference-XV Working Group Report Silvia Puca Dipartimento della Protezione Civile Italiana Italy Roger Randriamampianina Hungarian Meteorological Service Hungary Anthony Rea Australian Bureau of Meteorology Australia Tony Reale NOAA/NESDIS/STAR USA Elisabetta Ricciardelli IMAA-CNR Italy Yves Rochon Environment Canada Canada Filomena Romano IMAA-CNR Italy Benjamin Ruston Naval Research Laboratory USA Masami Sakamoto Japan Meteorological Agency Japan Roger Saunders Met Office UK Peter Schlüssel EUMETSAT Germany Nathalie Selbach Deutscher Wetterdienst Germany Carmine Serio DIFA – University of Basilicata Italy Devendra Singh Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India India Bill Smith Hampton University and University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Roberto Sorani Dipartimento della Protezione Civile Italiana Italy Rodrigo Souza CPTEC/INPE Brazil Martin Stengel SMHI Sweden Kathleen Strabala CIMSS/University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Claudia Stubenrauch LMD France Steven Swadley Naval Research Laboratory USA Chris Tingwell Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre Australia Stephen Tjemkes EUMETSAT Germany David Shawn Turner Environment Canada Canada Alexander Uspensky SRC Planeta Roshydromet Russia Paul van Delst CIMSS/University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Maria Vasys CIMSS/University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Antonio Vocino Italian Meteorological Service – CNMCA/Italian Air Force Italy Fuzhong Weng NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications USA Ed Westwater CIRES/University of Colorado at Boulder USA Peter Wilczynski NOAA/NPOESS Program Executive Office USA Walter Wolf QSS Group Inc. @ NOAA/NESDIS/STAR USA Jishan Xue CAMS, China Meteorological Administration China Banghua Yan NOAA/NESDIS/STAR USA Lihang Zhou QSS Group Inc. @ NOAA/NESDIS/STAR USA Cheng-Zhi Zou NOAA/NESDIS/STAR USA International TOVS Study Conference-XV Working Group Report The Fifteenth International TOVS Study Conference 4 – 10 October 2006 ITSC-XV Group Photo at Villa del Mare, Maratea, Italy Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Actions and Recommendations 5 Working Group Reports 19 Radiative Transfer and Surface Property Modeling 19 TOVS/ATOVS Data in Climate 24 Use of TOVS/ATOVS in Data Assimilation/Numerical Weather Prediction 30 Advanced Sounders 38 International Issues and Future Systems 44 Satellite
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annu Al Repor T and Sus Tainabilit Y
    SUSTAINABILITY REPORT ANNUAL REPORT AND 2014 “Overall, KONGSBERG had a good year in 2014, with good earnings and cash flows, growth in revenues, and record-high orders” 1 Introduction 8 Directors’ Report and Financial Statements 86 Corporate Governance 100 Shareholder’s information 104 Sustainability Report 149 Financial calendar and contact information CONTENT – ANNUAL REPORT AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2014 Cover Key figures 2014 8 Directors’ Report and 86 Corporate Governance 104 Sustainability Report Financial Statements 87 The Board’s Report on 104 Content 1 Introduction 9 Short summary Business Corporate Governance 106 Introduction 2 Extreme Areas 88 Policy – Kongsberg Gruppen 118 Sustainable innovation performance for 10 Directors’ Report 2014 89 Articles of Association 123 What have we achieved? extreme conditions 25 Financial statements, – Kongsberg Gruppen 131 Systems of governance 4 President and CEO contents 90 The Board’s Report on The and key figures Walter Qvam 26 Consolidated financial Norwegian Code of Practice 6 This is KONGSBERG statements 149 Financial calendar and 73 Financial statements 100 Shareholder’s information contact information – Kongsberg Gruppen ASA 101 Shares and shareholders 83 Statement from the Board of Directors 84 Auditor’s Report KONGSBERG • Annual Report and Sustainability Report 2014 1 Introduction 8 Directors’ Report and Financial Statements 86 Corporate Governance 100 Shareholder’s information 104 Sustainability Report 149 Financial calendar and contact information KEY FIGURES 2014 2013 2012 2011
    [Show full text]
  • Data Validation As a Main Function of Business Intelligence
    E-Leader Berlin 2012 Data Validation as a Main Function of Business Intelligence PhDr. M.A. Dipl.-Betriebswirt (FH) Thomas H. Lenhard, PhD. University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern Campus Zweibruecken Zweibruecken, Germany Abstract Thinking about Business Intelligence, Data Mining or Data Warehousing, it seems to be clear, that we generally use three levels to compute our data into information. These levels are validation of input data, transformation and making output data available. This study/paper will give a short overview about the importance of validation and the validation level of a Data Warehouse or any BI-System. Several examples shall prove that validation is not only important to get proper and useful output data. Some combinations of circumstances will show that validation might be the result that is requested. After an introduction concerning the levels of generating information and after explaining necessary basics about BI, different methods of validation will be discussed as well as it will be thought about different variations to use the validation level or the validated data. Examples from the practice of Business Intelligence in general and in the area of Health Care IT specifically will support the theory that the level of validation must be considered as the most important. Especially in the area of operational management, it will be proven that a profound use of data validation can cause benefits or even prevent losses. Therefore it seems to be a method to increase efficiency in business and production. The Importance of Quality in Business Intelligence Business Intelligence (BI) is a non-exclusive collection of methods that are used as a transformation process to generate information out of data.
    [Show full text]
  • Samfunnsøkonomisk Analyse Av Norsk Offentlig Satsing På Romvirksomhet
    SAMFUNNSØKONOMISK ANALYSE AV NORSK OFFENTLIG SATSING PÅ ROMVIRKSOMHET AV LEO A. GRÜNFELD, ANDERS M. HELSETH, TORI H. LØGE OG MAGNE AARSET RAPPORT NR. 21/2017, MARS Forord På oppdrag fra Nærings- og fiskeridepartement har Menon Economics i denne rapporten analysert om den norske satsingen på romvirksomhet er samfunnsøkonomisk lønnsom, og om innretningen er hensiktsmessig for å nå målene som er nedfelt i Meld. St. 32 (2012–2013). Arbeidet må anses som en videreføring og utvidelse av det vurderingsarbeid som ble utført av Menon Economics i 2016 knyttet til Norges deltakelse i ESAs frivillige romprogrammer og tilskuddsordningen «Nasjonale følgemidler». Analysen har vært ledet av Menons forskningsleder Leo Grünfeld. Vi har også hentet mye ut gjennom samarbeid med Magne Aarset i Terp AS. Vi takker departementet for et spennende oppdrag. Vi takker også Norsk Romsenter og en lang rekke intervjuobjekter for verdifull veiledning og kunnskapsformidling innen et felt som er teknisk og strukturelt komplisert å dekke. Forfatterne står ansvarlig for alt innhold og alle vurderinger i rapporten. ______________________ Oslo, mars 2017 Leo A Grünfeld Prosjektleder Menon Economics MENON ECONOMICS 1 Innhold FORORD 1 SAMMENDRAG 4 Kort om romsatsningen 4 Kort om problemer knyttet til samfunnsøkonomisk verdsetting 5 Vurdering av ulike alternativer 6 Kort om usikkerhet 8 1. INNLEDNING 9 1.1. Utredningens mandat 9 1.2. Tidligere analyser og evalueringer av romvirksomheten 10 1.3. Strukturen i rapporten 12 2. NORSK ROMVIRKSOMHET 13 2.1. Målsettinger for romprogrammet 13 2.2. Norsk offentlig romsatsning 13 2.3. Post 50: Norsk Romsenter 14 2.4. Post 70 ESA obligatoriske aktivitet 17 2.5.
    [Show full text]
  • Ssfm BPG 1: Validation of Software in Measurement Systems
    NPL Report DEM-ES 014 Software Support for Metrology Best Practice Guide No. 1 Validation of Software in Measurement Systems Brian Wichmann, Graeme Parkin and Robin Barker NOT RESTRICTED January 2007 National Physical Laboratory Hampton Road Teddington Middlesex United Kingdom TW11 0LW Switchboard 020 8977 3222 NPL Helpline 020 8943 6880 Fax 020 8943 6458 www.npl.co.uk Software Support for Metrology Best Practice Guide No. 1 Validation of Software in Measurement Systems Brian Wichmann with Graeme Parkin and Robin Barker Mathematics and Scientific Computing Group January 2007 ABSTRACT The increasing use of software within measurement systems implies that the validation of such software must be considered. This Guide addresses the validation both from the perspective of the user and the supplier. The complete Guide consists of a Management Overview and a Technical Application together with consideration of its use within safety systems. Version 2.2 c Crown copyright 2007 Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland ISSN 1744–0475 National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom TW11 0LW Extracts from this guide may be reproduced provided the source is acknowledged and the extract is not taken out of context We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the UK Department of Trade and Industry (National Measurement System Directorate) Approved on behalf of the Managing Director, NPL by Jonathan Williams, Knowledge Leader for the Electrical and Software team Preface The use of software in measurement systems has dramatically increased in the last few years, making many devices easier to use, more reliable and more accurate.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL REPORT and SUSTAIN ABILITY REPORT 2018 01 Year 2018 02 About 03 Sustainability 04 Corporate 05 Directors’ Report and KONGSBERG Governance Financial Statements
    ANNUAL REPORT AND SUSTAIN ABILITY REPORT 2018 01 Year 2018 02 About 03 Sustainability 04 Corporate 05 Directors’ Report and KONGSBERG Governance Financial Statements 01 02 3 YEAR 2018 11 ABOUT KONGSBERG 4 Key Figures 2018 12 This is KONGSBERG 7 Important milestones 2018 14 Strategy and ambitions 8 President and CEO Geir Håøy 15 Vision 16 Our values 17 Corporate Executive Management 18 Business areas 28 The world of KONGSBERG 03 04 34 SUSTAINABILITY 75 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 35 About the Sustainability Report 76 The Board’s Report on Corporate 36 Framework for the preparation of Governance Sustainability Report 77 Policy 37 Responsible Business Conduct 78 Articles of Association 38 Responsible Tax – our Tax Policy 79 Board of Directors 40 Organisation and Management Systems 80 The Board’s Report relating to “The 41 Focus areas 2018–2019 Norwegian Code of Practice for Corporate 67 Climate Statement and Key Figures Governance” 74 Auditor’s Report, Sustainability Interactive PDF with bookmarks Navigate in Contents and hyperlinked text (hyperlinks are underlined). You can 05 browse one page back or forward by using the arrows in the top right-hand corner. Use the menu button on the far left to go back to the table of contents. The chapters are also bookmarked, and you can find short cuts to these in the 92 DIRECTORS’ REPORT AND left-hand menu of the PDF Reader. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 93 Directors’ Report 2018 111 Financial Statements and Notes 182 Statement from the Board 183 Auditor’s report 2018 187 Financial calendar 187 Contact KONGSBERG Annual
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article Applied Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Rheumatology
    Rheumatology Advances in Practice 20;0:1–10 Rheumatology Advances in Practice doi:10.1093/rap/rkaa005 Review article Applied machine learning and artificial intelligence in rheumatology Maria Hu¨ gle1, Patrick Omoumi2, Jacob M. van Laar3, Joschka Boedecker1,* and Thomas Hu¨ gle4,* Abstract Machine learning as a field of artificial intelligence is increasingly applied in medicine to assist patients and physicians. Growing datasets provide a sound basis with which to apply machine learning meth- ods that learn from previous experiences. This review explains the basics of machine learning and its subfields of supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning and deep learning. We provide an overview of current machine learning applications in rheumatology, mainly supervised learn- ing methods for e-diagnosis, disease detection and medical image analysis. In the future, machine learning will be likely to assist rheumatologists in predicting the course of the disease and identifying important disease factors. Even more interestingly, machine learning will probably be able to make treatment propositions and estimate their expected benefit (e.g. by reinforcement learning). Thus, in fu- ture, shared decision-making will not only include the patient’s opinion and the rheumatologist’s empir- ical and evidence-based experience, but it will also be influenced by machine-learned evidence. Key words: machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, rheumatology, artificial intelligence Key messages . Deep learning can assist rheumatologists by disease classification and prediction of individual disease activity. Artificial intelligence has the potential to empower autonomy of patients, e.g. by providing individual treatment propositions. Automated image recognition and natural language processing will be likely to pioneer implementation of artificial intelligence in rheumatology.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Migration
    Science and Technology 2018, 8(1): 1-10 DOI: 10.5923/j.scit.20180801.01 Data Migration Simanta Shekhar Sarmah Business Intelligence Architect, Alpha Clinical Systems, USA Abstract This document gives the overview of all the process involved in Data Migration. Data Migration is a multi-step process that begins with an analysis of the legacy data and culminates in the loading and reconciliation of data into new applications. With the rapid growth of data, organizations are in constant need of data migration. The document focuses on the importance of data migration and various phases of it. Data migration can be a complex process where testing must be conducted to ensure the quality of the data. Testing scenarios on data migration, risk involved with it are also being discussed in this article. Migration can be very expensive if the best practices are not followed and the hidden costs are not identified at the early stage. The paper outlines the hidden costs and also provides strategies for roll back in case of any adversity. Keywords Data Migration, Phases, ETL, Testing, Data Migration Risks and Best Practices Data needs to be transportable from physical and virtual 1. Introduction environments for concepts such as virtualization To avail clean and accurate data for consumption Migration is a process of moving data from one Data migration strategy should be designed in an effective platform/format to another platform/format. It involves way such that it will enable us to ensure that tomorrow’s migrating data from a legacy system to the new system purchasing decisions fully meet both present and future without impacting active applications and finally redirecting business and the business returns maximum return on all input/output activity to the new device.
    [Show full text]
  • KOG †Rsrapport 99 Orig
    Kongsberg Gruppen – Annual Report 1999 Kongsberg Gruppen A network of ideas USA Kongsberg Gruppen ASA P.O. Box 1000 Denmark N-3601 KONGSBERG Annual Report 1999 Telephone: + 47 32 28 82 00 Fax: +47 32 28 82 01 www.kongsberg.com [email protected] Singapore South Korea Australia Greece Contents: Our international presence . 3 This is Kongsberg Gruppen . 5 Key Figures . 6 Highlights . 8 Directors’ Report . 10 Consolidated Accounts for Kongsberg Gruppen (The Group) . 17 Parent Company Accounts for Kongsberg Gruppen ASA . 30 Auditor’s Report . 32 Shares and shareholder relations . 34 Analytical Data . 36 Kongsberg Maritime . 40 Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace . 48 Business Development . 54 Property . 56 Addresses . 57 Financial calendar . 61 On the cover With their diversity, knowledge and enthusiasm, 3 400 employees in 20 countries work to generate added value for Kongsberg Gruppen, its shareholders and society-at-large. From top left: Lona Chang (46) – Finance Manager, Kongsberg Simrad Pte. Ltd. – Singapore Michael Santos Boyd (39) – Customer Support, Simrad Inc. – Seattle, Washington, USA Hwang-Yong Park (40) – Service Manager, Kongsberg Norcontrol Ltd. – Pusan, South Korea Maiken Thomassen (23) – Export Assistant, Simrad Shipmate AS - Støvring, Denmark Helge Morsund (47) – Program Manager Australia, Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace – Kongsberg, Norway Eirik Lie (33) – Project Manager Air Defence, Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace – Kongsberg, Norway 1 KOG Årsrapport 99 orig Eng 12.04.2000 09:49 Side 3 Our international presence Jan Erik Korssjøen We are proud to present the annual As a knowledge based corporation, it is CEO report for 1999. The year was charac- only natural that we pay close attention terised by strong performance in most to the development of high-technology of the Corporation's business areas, as based products.
    [Show full text]
  • DS18B20 Datasheet
    AVAILABLE DS18B20 Programmable Resolution 1-Wire Digital Thermometer DESCRIPTION . User-Definable Nonvolatile (NV) Alarm The DS18B20 digital thermometer provides 9-bit Settings to 12-bit Celsius temperature measurements and . Alarm Search Command Identifies and has an alarm function with nonvolatile user- Addresses Devices Whose Temperature is programmable upper and lower trigger points. Outside Programmed Limits (Temperature The DS18B20 communicates over a 1-Wire bus Alarm Condition) that by definition requires only one data line (and . Available in 8-Pin SO (150 mils), 8-Pin µSOP, ground) for communication with a central and 3-Pin TO-92 Packages microprocessor. It has an operating temperature . Software Compatible with the DS1822 range of -55°C to +125°C and is accurate to . Applications Include Thermostatic Controls, ±0.5°C over the range of -10°C to +85°C. In Industrial Systems, Consumer Products, addition, the DS18B20 can derive power directly Thermometers, or Any Thermally Sensitive from the data line (“parasite power”), eliminating System the need for an external power supply. PIN CONFIGURATIONS Each DS18B20 has a unique 64-bit serial code, which allows multiple DS18B20s to function on the same 1-Wire bus. Thus, it is simple to use one MAXIM microprocessor to control many DS18B20s N.C. 1 8 N.C. 18B20 MAXIM 18B20 distributed over a large area. Applications that N.C. 2 7 N.C. can benefit from this feature include HVAC 1 2 3 environmental controls, temperature monitoring VDD 3 6 N.C. systems inside buildings, equipment, or DQ 4 5 GND machinery, and process monitoring and control systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Norway in Space
    50 years Norway as a space nation 50 years as a space nation Contents Norway in space 4 Young rocket scientists on Andøya 36 First blast off 6 Leading the world in satellite communications 37 Our unknown multi-talent 10 Vital satellite navigation 42 The European road to space 13 Norway's eye in space 46 The space industry: innovative and traditional 16 At the top of the world 50 Earth watchers 20 To Mars from Svalbard 54 A place in the sun 27 Working in the space industry 58 The Norwegian northern lights pioneers 32 Europe's new time machine 60 Lasers in the night 34 CoveR PHoto: KolBJØRN DAHLE 50 years P H We are entitled to get excited now that we're celebrating oto Norway's 50th anniversary as a space nation We are : TRU entitled to be proud of the fact that the first rocket has been de E as a space nation N followed by more than a thousand others We are entitled G to be pleased with the sound scientific, commercial and societal expertise we have built up in space technology over the course of these 50 years Things have turned out very differently from what we envisaged when Ferdinand was launched in the 1960s We were very optimistic about space travel then, and many people believed that it was only a question of a few decades before we made it to Mars We envisaged a permanent set- tlement on the moon and that hotel breaks orbiting the Earth would soon become a holiday option There has been incredible development, but in a com- pletely different direction than into space What has actu- ally happened is that space technology has become
    [Show full text]
  • 17.0 Data Review, Verification and Validation
    QA Handbook Vol II, Section 17.0 Revision No: 1 Date: 12/08 Page 1 of 7 17.0 Data Review, Verification and Validation Data review, verification and validation are techniques used to accept, reject or qualify data in an objective and consistent manner. Verification can be defined as confirmation, through provision of objective evidence that specified requirements have been fulfilled1. Validation can be defined as confirmation through provision of objective evidence that the particular requirements for a specific intended use are fulfilled. It is important to describe the criteria for deciding the degree to which each data item has met its quality specifications as described in an organization’s QAPP. This section will describe the techniques used to make these assessments. In general, these assessment activities are performed by persons implementing the environmental data operations as well as by personnel “independent” of the operation, such as the organization’s QA personnel and at some specified frequency. The procedures, personnel and frequency of the assessments should be included in an organization’s QAPP. These activities should occur prior to submitting data to AQS and prior to final data quality assessments that will be discussed in Section 18. Each of the following areas of discussion should be considered during the data review/verification/validation processes. Some of the discussion applies to situations in which a sample is separated from its native environment and transported to a laboratory for analysis and data generation; others are applicable to automated instruments. The following information is an excerpt from EPA G-52: Sampling Design - How closely a measurement represents the actual environment at a given time and location is a complex issue that is considered during development of the sampling design.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Data Validation (PDF)
    Introduction to Data Validation Hilary Hafner Sonoma Technology, Inc. Petaluma, CA for National Ambient Air Monitoring Conference St. Louis, MO August 8, 2016 STI-6550 2 VOC and PM Speciation Data • Differences from one measurement (such as ozone or PM mass) – More complex instruments (more to go wrong?) – Many species per sample – Data overload • Opportunity for intercomparison 3 Why You Should Validate Your Data (1) • It is the monitoring agency’s responsibility to prevent, identify, correct, and define the consequences of monitoring difficulties that might affect the precision and accuracy, and/or the validity, of the measurements. • Serious errors in data analysis and modeling (and subsequent policy development) can be caused by erroneous data values. • Accurate information helps you respond to community concerns. Validate data as soon after collection as practical – it reduces effort and minimizes data loss 4 Why You Should Validate Your Data (2) • Criteria pollutant data quality issues are important to national air quality management actions, including – Attainment/nonattainment designations – Clean data determinations – Petitions to EPA for reconsideration • Air quality data are very closely reviewed by stakeholders – Do data collection efforts meet all CFR requirements? – Have procedures outlined in the QA handbook or project-specific QA plans been followed? – Are agency logbooks complete and up-to-date? • Deviations are subject to potential litigation From Weinstock L. (2014) Ambient Monitoring Update. Presented at the National Ambient Air Monitoring Conference, Atlanta, GA, August 11-14, by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Available at https://www3.epa.gov/ttnamti1/files/2014conference/tueweinstock.pdf.
    [Show full text]