OVERVIEW A specialised strategic sector

_facts & figures 23rd edition, June 2019 Te European space industry in 2018

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 02 CONTENTS

ABOUT EUROSPACE 01 OUTPUT OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE INDUSTRY IN 2018 35 FOREWORD 02 European spacecraft deliveries to launch 35 European spacecraft launched in 2018 35 OVERVIEW 03 Correlation between spacecraft mass A specialised strategic sector 03 at launch and industry revenues 37 Markets and customers 04 Ariane and VEGA launches 37

MAIN INDICATORS 06 METHODOLOGY 39 Long series indicators 07 Perimeter of the survey 39 Data Collection 39 SECTOR DEMOGRAPHICS 09 Consolidation Model 39 Industry employment - The need for consolidation 39 age and gender distribution 09 Methodological update in 2010 39 Industry employment - Qualification structure 09 Industry employment - distribution by country 10 DEFINITIONS 40 Industry employment - distribution by company 12 Space systems and related products Employment in large groups 12 considered in the survey 40 SMEs in the space sector 12 Launcher systems 40 Spacecraft/satellite systems 40 FINAL SALES BY MARKET SEGMENT 13 Ground Segment (and related services) 40 Overview: European sales vs. Export 13 Sector concentration: employment Overview - Public vs. Private customers 16 in space units, employment by unit and cumulated % 40 Customer details 17 Focus: SURVEY INFORMATION 41 European public/institutional customers 17 Eurospace economic model 41 Focus: The commercial market (private customers and exports) 19 2018 Survey statistics: questionnaire return rate in % of units, sales, Overview: and employment 41 Historic series - customer segment 20 Companies having supported the survey in 2019 41 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT 21 Overview: sales by main product segment 21 SURVEY RELEASE NOTES 45 Focus: Release notes 45 Military systems and military customers 23 Long series information 45 Launcher systems sales 24 Perimeter changes 45 Satellite applications sales 27 Scientific programmes sales 30 CREDITS Ground segment activities 33

COPYRIGHT POLICY Eurospace facts and figures is an annual publication by Eurospace. The publication comprises a colour brochure (available as a PDF file and in hardcopy), a detailed presentation (available as a PDF and a PPTX file), guidelines for survey participants (available in PDF), an Excel file with the main data sets and an Excel file with the questionnaire. All elements of the Eurospace Facts and Figures publication, including data, charts and reports are provided for information purposes to the general public via www.eurospace.org. All rights to use, repost or reproduce any excerpt of text, tables and charts are reserved by Eurospace. Cover image credits: © ESA 2017 Third parties interested in reproducing parts or the totality of the data text and charts downloaded from www.eurospace. org shall contact Pierre Lionnet at Eurospace ([email protected]) to seek the appropriate authorisations. These authorisations will be granted for free in most cases (particularly for normal rights to quote, for academic work, for scientific publications, etc.), but in other cases (e.g. contracted work, use by consultancies, commercial publications etc.) the authorisations will be submitted to the payment of a fee to be negotiated with Eurospace. ABOUT EUROSPACE

EUROSPACE - a non-profit organisation founded in In Paris (HQ) 1961 - fosters the development of space activities in Europe 15-17 Av. de Ségur and promotes a better understanding of space industry stakes F-75007 Paris and challenges. Its members are the main space industry T: +33-1-44420070 manufacturers and launch service providers. F: +33-1-44420079 Eurospace members encompass the whole span of the space industrial chain, are present in 13 European countries and represent more than 90% of the European space industry In Brussels activity from both a turnover and employment point of view. 10, Rue Montoyer Since 2004, Eurospace is the Space Group of ASD (AeroSpace B-1000 Brussels and Defence Industries Association of Europe) where it represents and defines the space viewpoint of the association. President: Mr Jean-Loïc GALLE This new aggregated structure allows industry to address Secretary General: Mr Pierre LIONNET (interim) transversal stakes and challenges between aeronautics, Research Director: Mr Pierre LIONNET defence and space industrial activities. Brussels Ofice Head: Mr Luca BUTHION Since its creation, ESA has maintained formal links with Eurospace. The association provides an efective entry point Policy Analyst: Ms Zohra MOKADEM for the industrial sector and is the preferred medium to discuss Technology Strategy: Mr Jean-Charles TREUET industry-wide topics. A frame contract between ESA and Research Analyst: Mr Angel CUELLAR Eurospace was signed in 1987, which allows the association to Ofice & Conference Manager: Ms Nathalie ALECTON perform advisory work for the Agency. In 2001 a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed that oficially recognised www.eurospace.org Eurospace as the representative body of the European space industry. The MoU covered all aspects related to new programmes, competitiveness, research & technology, and administration. In 2012 the ESA Eurospace MoU was renewed. Eurospace plays a key role in the European Space Technology Strategy process, oficially presenting the whole European space manufacturing industry views on technology evolution and harmonisation. Eurospace has established and maintained a comprehensive network of contacts with the relevant national ministries as well as with the main national space agencies in Europe. As policy evolution required, Eurospace extended its reach to new institutions, such as the EDA or Defence agencies for security and defence matters. Over the past 15 years, the European Union has developed a strong interest in space, from the research and development point of view (with dedicated space budgets being included in the 6th and 7th and 8th Framework Programmes for example), but also as a user and promoter of space infrastructures (as with the Galileo programme or the Copernicus infrastructure). Indeed, space services and applications are now recognised as eficient tools for policy implementation, environmental studies, situation assessments, etc. to support the European Commission and a number of EU Bodies and Agencies. Eurospace mandate covers the relevant EU bodies, including Commission Directorate Generals, the Council, the Parliament etc. and eventually Eurospace established a dedicated ofice in Brussels in 2001. Eurospace is a recognised interlocutor to the European Union, and an active participant to EU led industry consultations on space, providing data, analysis and assessments on space industry related issues to relevant DGs as required.

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 01 FOREWORD

by Pierre Lionnet: Research Director On the commercial and export market side, the situation is contrasted. Commercial and exports markets contributed quite This 23rd edition of the Eurospace facts & figures annual report steadily to industry growth in the past decade, but in 2018 the is very special to me, as it marks the tenth anniversary of our growth cycle is interrupted. While some sub-segments exhibit a major methodological update, initiated in 2009. good resistance so far, the exports segment is the most afected, Ten years ago, the Space Industry Markets Working Group and is in decrease since its high peak of 2015. This situation proposed the implementation of a radically new approach to the is a consequence of the global slowdown of orders for large data collection tool, enabling the collection of specific data sets communications satellites, a trend that may also negatively with an unprecedented level of detail. The data collection tool afect the activity of European launchers. was completely redesigned based on a matrix approach that The prospects of the ‘traditional’ commercial satellite enables the collection of completely consistent information on communications business appear uncertain today; this market sales, organised by type of system, and by customer segment. segment may be undergoing a structural evolution with the This enhanced data collection tool allows to analyse within emergence of innovating system concepts and new business any given customer segment what is the share of revenues by models. broad system categories, and within each product segment the Some predict that a ‘newspace’ revolution will reveal all its detailed measure of each customer segment contribution. potential in the coming years, opening unprecedented growth I must highlight that without the unfailing commitment of the key opportunities and benefits for space activities worldwide, and in players in the sector to support the survey, all this information Europe... The ‘newspace’ impact is not yet visible in 2018 figures, would not be available. Thank you all for your dedication and trust. but I can predict that when it will be, Eurospace will be there The enhanced level of detail was already presented to our readers to measure it, because the European space sector is already as soon as in the 2010 edition of the report, albeit with limited part of it. features, due to the absence of a historic perspective, mostly focusing on static presentations on specific sub-segments. It revealed for instance the overwhelming importance of exports in telecommunications systems sales, and the significant share of equipment sales in the export figure. It also provided insight on the growing business of ground systems in Europe, including control centers and the mission segment. Now, in 2019, we have accumulated a full decade of data with the new methodology, and Eurospace is proud to present the first decadal statistics with unique insight on the evolution of revenues of the space industry in Europe. These statistics are based on a full scale market model for the European space industry, completely developed internally at Eurospace. We do hope that our readers, in the private and institutional sector, will make the best use of this body of information that Eurospace provides to the community with a view of supporting good strategic analysis, well-informed policy making and sector benchmarking at international and European levels. Now let us have a look at the key trends arising from a decade of statistical analysis. The space industry historically addresses two main markets, the European institutional market (with its 4 main components: ESA, the EU, National civil, and military programmes) and the global commercial and exports market (with three key components: the commercial telecommunications segment, the operational launcher segment and the Earth observation exports segment). On the institutional market side, industry revenues have steadily progressed in the decade under the impulse of European programmes, funded through ESA and through the EU. Our data sets this year provide a unique assessment of the overall very positive impact that EU funded programmes (Galileo/EGNO and Copernicus) have had on sector activity in the past decade. 2019 is a year where our governments are taking important decisions for the future, at EU level, with discussions on the Space and R&I budgets in the multi-annual financial framework, and at ESA level with major programmatic commitments expected in October.

02 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 OVERVIEW A specialised strategic sector

A SPECIALISED STRATEGIC SECTOR

The European space manufacturing industry is a strategic Industry is distributed across all Europe, with the main industrial sector, essential for the implementation of many public policies, sites located in France, Germany, Italy, and, to a lesser extent, and supporting all economic sectors. It is embedded in the United Kingdom, Spain and Belgium. wider European AeroSpace and Defence industrial complex. In 2018, the European space industry successfully delivered 89 The space manufacturing industry is an infrastructure supplier. spacecraft to the launch pad of which 50 large satellites and The sector operates at the higher end of the space value chain, 39 pico and nano satellites). It also delivered 8 launchers for and supplies service providers and public institutions, spacecraft operations in Kourou. and launchers to meet their requirements. In 2018, the European space industry posted sales worth 8490 The space industry designs, develops and manufactures spacecraft Million € and employed a total of 43454 workers (FTE: Full Time and launchers, along with the associated ground systems for Equivalents). satellite control and operations. The space manufacturing industry is organised vertically with large and medium system integrators Main industry facts (capable of delivering a complete launcher or spacecraft to the launch pad) providing business to a wide range of equipment Key figures employment (FTE) and sales (M€) 2016 2017 2018 Var. and service suppliers (capable of delivering integration ready Direct industry employment (FTE) 41302 42831 43454 1,5% subsystem, equipment and components, or providing specialised services and tools supporting system design, integration and test). Other personnel working on site (FTE) 3025 2633 2915 10,7% The industry is highly specialised and capital intensive. The sector Total space industry employment (FTE) 44327 45465 46369 2,0% is also rather concentrated; despite being distributed across all Final sales (M€ current e.c.) 8169 8761 8490 -3,1% ESA member states. Four large industrial groups (Airbus, Thales, Safran and Leonardo) are directly responsible for more than half of the total space industry employment via dedicated BUs and/or JVs. In DEFINITIONS 2018, the largest dedicated space business units and industrial capabilities are located mainly in Airbus Defence & Space, Direct industry employment: personnel employed Thales Alenia Space and ArianeGroup. directly by the company (permanent staf, measured in FTE). As a consequence, SMEs represent only a small fraction (less than 10%) of the total space industry manufacturing Other personnel working on site: personnel directly supporting company activities supplied by a third party employment. Notwithstanding, small space units are very (interim workers, engineering, etc. measured in FTE). common in the space sector, but they are often part of, or Final sales: sector sales to final customers (equal to owned by, a larger company. consolidated sales).

MARKETS AND CUSTOMERS

The European space industry has access to quite large, yet The first business area of the space manufacturing sector lies fragmented domestic markets, its core markets. It also exports in the design, development and manufacturing of satellites for its systems outside Europe. In both markets space systems operational applications, such as telecommunications systems are sold to a variety of customers, mostly public entities such and parts, Earth observation systems and parts, and navigation/ as space agencies in Europe and worldwide, but also private localisation systems and parts. customers such as satellite or launch service operators. The second area of business is launchers. Launcher activities include operational launch systems sales (mainly to Final sales by main customer segment (M€) Arianespace) and development and consolidation activities, in support of the Ariane and Vega systems. (M€) 2016 2017 2018 Var. Scientific activities include a wide variety of systems and Final sales (M€) 8169 8761 8490 -3,1% leading edge technologies, with science systems and parts and European public customers 4808 5060 5430 7,3% human spaceflight (and related activities, such as crew and cargo systems for the ISS etc.) representing together the core of European private customers 1325 1821 1510 -17,1% revenues in this area. Other European customers 77 90 104 14,8% Ground systems and activities cover an array of diverse industrial Public customers RoW 736 808 593 -26,6% activities, including engineering and consultancy services (provided to the manufacturing sector and in support to space Private customers RoW 1166 901 795 -11,8% agencies), the development and production of professional Other customers RoW 56 80 57 -28,2% ground stations, and the industrial hardware required for the development, production and test activities (EGSE/MGSE).

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 03 OVERVIEW Markets and customers

Final sales by main product segment (M€)

(M€) 2016 2017 2018 Var. Final sales (M€) 8169 8761 8490 -3,1% Launcher systems 1737 1709 1677 -1,9% Satellite applications systems 3664 4158 3792 -8,8% Scientific systems 1255 1215 1288 6,1% Ground systems and services 1339 1390 1493 7,4% Other & Unknown 174 290 239 -17,3%

European space industry sales and employment (M€, right & FTE, left)

50000 Final sales 10000 Direct Space employment 40000 8000

30000 6000

20000 4000

10000 2000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

European space industry sales exhibit contrasted evolutions over time, mostly influenced by the evolution of sales to commercial customers. Industry employment figures follow the variation of sales, with a similar pattern.

Output of the European space industry at date of launch (mass at launch - tons)

100

Mass Launched by Ariane and Vega 80 Mass at launch European SC

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40

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0

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

The output of the space industrial sector can be summarised every year with the measure of the mass of European spacecraft delivered for launch, and the measure of the mass launched by European-built launchers (Ariane and VEGA).

04 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 OVERVIEW Markets and customers

Output of the European space industry (units: spacecraft and launchers)

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European launchers 80 European SC at launch

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40

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1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

The output of the Space industry can also be measured every events, the European space industry has delivered a growing year with the number of spacecraft delivered for launch and the number of spacecraft over the years, from an average of 10- number of European launchers operated the same year. We 11 spacecraft/year in the nineties up to 20 and more in the note that there have been high peaks of spacecraft delivered years 2000 and up to 30 in the years 2010. Regarding launcher for launch in 1998 and 1999 corresponding to the Globalstar deliveries the situation is quite diferent with peak years with constellation deliveries. A similar surge is also visible in 2017 & more than 10 launchers/year corresponding to the years 2018 due to the large numbers of very small satellites produced. between 1996 and 2002 when Ariane 5 and Ariane 4 were See the next chart for details. Disregarding such exceptional operational at the same time. With the Ariane 4 phase out (after 2002) the situation stabilised with less launchers produced.

Spacecraft Output - details by satellite mass class (left #, right tons)

60 120 50 100 40 80 30 60 20 40 10 20 0 0

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Micro (<120kg) in # Micro (<120kg) in tons

Small (120500kg) in # Medium to Large (>500kg) in tons

In this chart we present the evolution of the spacecraft delivered The chart exhibits the contrasted evolution of spacecraft market for launch produced in Europe. The chart presents in bars the segments, with a particularly noticeable increase of deliveries number of spacecraft delivered to launch, split between three in the Micro class in recent years, the spike in the distribution classes of spacecraft: the Micro class (all less than 120kg at of the Small class attributable to the Globalstar first generation launch), the Smalll class (spacecraft between 120 and 500 kg at constellation in the late 90s, and the seemingly cyclic evolution launch), and the Medium to Large class (all above 500kg). The of deliveries in the Medium to Large class, with the visible chart presents: in bars the number of spacecraft delivered to impact of the Iridium NEXT deliveries in recent years. The mass launch by each mass class (left axis), and in areas the cumulated distribution over time is mostly correlated with the evolution mass at launch by class (right axis, in tons). of deliveries of the largest spacecraft. The Micro class has no visible impact on the mass distribution.

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 05 MAIN INDICATORS

The European space industry designs, develops and Sales by macro market segment (M€) manufactures spacecraft, launchers and the related ground segment for a variety of customers. Current market M€ EU customers RoW customers Total segmentations support the identification of the customer nature (public/governmental customers vs. private/commercial Public customers 5430 593 6023 customers), and the identification of the customer’s geographical Private customers 1510 795 2305 location (customers located in Europe and customers outside Other / unknown 104 57 161 Europe). The core business of the European space industry is with Total 7044 1445 8490 European public customers (more than half of sales). As a whole, European customers (public and private) represent 83% of total sales.

Distribution of sales by main market segment (% and M€)

Unknown Pub. cust (EU) 2% 64% Pub. cust. (RoW) 7% Priv. cust. (RoW) 9%

Priv. cust (EU) 18%

9000 Public customers Europe Private customers RoW 8000 Public customers RoW Unknown 7000 Private customers Europe

6000

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0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

06 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 MAIN INDICATORS Long series indicators

LONG SERIES INDICATORS

IMPORTANT NOTE: Long series are built by aggregating data established over a long period of time using three diferent methodologies and data collection tools. Over time new customers or product categories were introduced to increase the level of detail of the survey. In particular the separate identification of ground systems (TTC stations, ground control stations etc.) was introduced in 2009. Before, the value of relevant ground systems was associated to the relevant application (telecoms, observation etc.). To avoid statistical disruption, in long series by system the value of ground systems is distributed proportionally in the satellite applications series. This is why the data points in the graphs have higher values than in the associated tables. In customer/market segment aggregate series there is no statistical disruption.

European space industry sales are split amongst two main customers are European public entities, and a market for markets segments, according to the customer: an institutional commercial and export customers. domestic market, with a civil and a military component, where

Sales by main market segment - European public entities vs Commercial and exports (M€)

6000 Sales to European public entities 5000 Commercial & exports sales Other/unknown 4000

3000

2000

1000

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Commercial and export sales include the sales to: Privately owned satellite operators worldwide (e.g. Eutelsat, Intelsat), public satellite operators outside Europe (e.g. Arabsat, RSCC, Chinasat), privately owned launch services operators worldwide (e.g. Arianespace), public space agencies outside Europe (e.g. NASA, KARI), military institutions outside Europe, space manufacturing companies outside Europe.

European space industry sales can also be split according to was procured by CNES (a civil agency), similarly the military the civil or military nature of the system. This specific analysis communications system Skynet is owned and managed by is required to assess correctly the value of the defence/military Airbus (through a PPP scheme). Contrary to other space powers component of European space industry’s business. Indeed, (the USA, Russia, China), Europe has modest investment in due to innovative procurement schemes (such as PPPs) and military space activities. As a result, military space systems due to the complex nature of space programmes, there are sales represent only a small fraction of European space industry situations where military systems are procured by civil entities. revenues. For example, the French military observation system Essaim

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 07 MAIN INDICATORS Long series indicators

Sales by main market segment - Civil vs. Military systems sales (M€)

8000 Civil systems sales 7000 Military systems sales 6000 Other/unknown

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0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

The European space industry is involved with four main lines of Military systems are defined as systems procured by products, with diferent characteristics and customers: satellite a military entity (such as the French DGA) and systems applications systems (including the related ground segment), designed for a military mission (such as the Skynet system launcher systems, scientific systems (including human for military communications or the Helios system for space infrastructure) and ground support activities. Satellite military observation). All other systems are identified as applications systems sales contribute the most to European civil. space industry revenue. Their evolution is marked by a rather high variability over time.

Sales by main market segment - type of system (M€)

5000 Satellite applications systems Launcher systems 4000 Scientifc systems Support Activities

3000

2000

1000

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Satellite applications include all sales related to the development and production of systems for future and actual missions in telecommunications, Earth observation and navigation/positioning. Most of the revenues are drawn from the production of operational systems, while a smaller share is associated to technology and system development activities. In the specific frame of long series, satellite applications also include the value of ground systems (control centres, ground antennas etc.). These figures do not include the revenues drawn from satellite operations. Launcher systems include all sales relevant to the design, development and production of launcher systems. European launcher systems include the large Ariane 5 system, in operations since 1996, and the smaller VEGA system, in operations since 2012. A small fraction of these revenues are associated to the exports of launcher equipment (e.g. thrusters, fairings) used on non-European launchers. These figures do not include the revenues drawn from launch operations. Scientific systems sales include all sales relevant to the design, development and production of scientific spacecraft systems. These spacecraft address such missions as: human spaceflight, planetary exploration, Earth science, astronomy, etc. Almost all of these revenues are associated to government programmes. Support activities include all activities required to support the design, development and production of space systems. This category includes a share of hardware and a share of services sales. Hardware sales are associated to the production of electric and mechanical ground segment equipment (EGSE & MGSE) i.e. dedicated equipment required for the test and integration activities of equipment, subsystems and complete systems. Services sales are associated to the delivery of engineering, test and other specialised services to the space manufacturing industry and space systems customers. These services sometimes include also ground control centre operations, in particular for space agencies.

08 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 SECTOR DEMOGRAPHICS Industry employment - age and gender distribution

INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT - AGE AND GENDER DISTRIBUTION

The European space industry is quite specific in terms of age Space industry employees age and gender and qualification structures. The industry maintains a rather characteristics stable age structure. The employment distribution by age exhibits a larger proportion of employees in the 49-58 age Total employment 43454 range, with an average age of employees around 44, with a slight diference between women and men. About a fifth of Average age (women) 42,87 space industry employees are women. Average age (men) 44,22 Average (all) 43,92 Women in % of total 21,99% Men in % of total 78,01%

Space industry employees age pyramid

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26 Women Men 22

<=18 400 200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT - QUALIFICATION STRUCTURE

Due to the engineering complexity of space programmes, the Space industry employees’ qualification and space sector attracts a larger than average share of highly gender characteristics skilled workers. The majority of space industry workers have a scientific and/or engineering background and hold high level 100% Cat 6 Cat 5 Cat 4 Cat 3 Cat 2 Cat 1 degrees (PhD, master). The qualification structure of females 90% is quite similar to that of males, whereas women in the space industry are not limited to clerical and low level positions. 80% 70% Space industry employees’ qualification and 60% gender characteristics 50% Qualification profile All Men Women 40% 1. University (4-5 years and up) 59% 61% 53% 30% 2. University (up to 3 years) 15% 16% 12% 20% 10% 3. Higher Vocational School 10% 9% 11% 0% 4. Vocational School 9% 7% 14% Men Women All 5. General School Only 2% 1% 4% NOTE: detailed age distribution and qualification structure 6. Apprenticeship 1% 1% 1% is not available for all companies in the model. The data compiled here is based on 73% of total employment. Not available 5% 5% 4%

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 09 SECTOR DEMOGRAPHICS Industry employment - distribution by country

INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT - DISTRIBUTION BY COUNTRY

The European space industry is distributed across all Europe, principle, personnel are allocated to the country of activity. This resulting in an important fragmentation, particularly in the is particularly relevant to companies who provide engineering smallest contributors to ESA. Yet, the 6 major ESA member states and other specialised services to space agencies and industry (France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Spain and Belgium) throughout Europe (e.g. Serco, Vega, RHEA, HE Space). provide about 90 % of European space industry employment. In

Industry employment distribution by country (FTE)

Country 2016 2017 2018 Level of confidence Austria 422 458 420 69% Belgium 1752 1533 1554 26% Czech Republic 187 187 187 0% Denmark 238 258 367 54% Estonia 39 39 39 0% Finland 186 160 168 42% France 14949 15705 15593 83% Germany 7825 7901 8426 87% Hungary 97 97 97 0% Ireland 61 61 61 0% Italy 4963 5140 5307 78% Luxembourg 30 34 36 33% Netherlands 965 1155 1166 18% Norway 364 405 419 59% Poland 213 213 213 0% Portugal 175 161 165 22% Spain 3329 3551 3783 79% Sweden 954 1056 866 50% Switzerland 831 955 836 82% United Kingdom 3722 3764 3750 54% Europe 41302 42831 43454 74%

Note that the level of confidence is the ratio between actual data collected in 2019 by questionnaire and the total employment (including the estimates) by country. Country information displayed in the employment by country graphs is only for countries where three years of data are available. Please read our «Release Notes» to better understand national evolutions: perimeter changes (i.e. the inclusion of a new company in the economic model) may afect significantly national employment figures.

10 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 SECTOR DEMOGRAPHICS Industry employment - distribution by country

Employment distribution by coountry: 3 year evolution

Austria

Belgium

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

United Kingdom

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 11 SECTOR DEMOGRAPHICS Industry employment - distribution by company

INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT - DISTRIBUTION BY COMPANY

EMPLOYMENT IN LARGE GROUPS space businesses. For the other small space units in the model The space industrial sector is embedded in the larger the status is unknown, some may be SMEs, some may not. aerospace and defence industrial landscape. Approximately Considering the uncertainties described above, it is ascertained half of the companies in the survey have corporate ties with that within the sector of space systems manufacturing and the main industrial conglomerates, such as Airbus, Thales, development in Europe, the proportion of SMEs is comprised Safran and Leonardo. As a result, the vast majority of space between 6% and 7% of total employment. industry employees are working in large aerospace and defence groups. These groups may also create dedicated joint-ventures Space industry employment - SME situation (%) to undertake specific industrial tasks (e.g. Europropulsion, Cryospace, UMS, and more recently Airbus Safran Launchers...). Small space business (maybe SMEs) 2% With a view to securing the supply of critical equipment, large Verifed SMEs groups also tend to extend their control in the space supply 6% chain with the absorption of suppliers (and competitors). Thus the space sector counts a large number of small space units, but a rather limited number of independent SMEs.

Space industry employment by corporate affiliation

Airbus Tales 23,52% 19,21% Not SMEs 93% Leonardo Space industry employment - SME situation 5,79% (employment & sales)

RUAG Empl. Space Total space Final space Numb. 2,75% SME Situation (direct) sales (M€) sales (M€) of units Not SMEs 40219 10310 7363 133 OHB Small space business 5,13% 699 2143 953 84 (maybe SMEs) Other companies ArianeGroup Verified SMEs 2536 359 174 70 33,95% 9,66% TOTAL 43454 12812 8490 287

NOTE: for the sake of representation we have associated all Thales Alenia Space employees to Thales (67% SMEs are defined by the European Commission as control share) and all of the Telespazio group employees companies with employment below 250 and total sales to Leonardo (67% control share). UMS space personnel below 50 M€ (or balance sheet inferior to 43 M€) and with instead were evenly split between Thales and Airbus their capital not controlled by a large company. (50/50 JV). ArianeGroup is a JV between Safran and Airbus This very limitative EC definition excludes most space created in 2015 and identified in Eurospace employment units from the strict SME definition, despite the small size survey in 2016 as Airbus Safran Launchers. of the majority of space units in Eurospace model. Indeed, most space units are subsidiaries of larger groups. SMES IN THE SPACE SECTOR Eurospace defines a space unit as a corporate entity The Eurospace survey reaches more than 260 space units in or business unit or department involved in the design Europe. Of these only a very smalI fraction are SMEs (according development and production of space systems. Space units are organised by country. Each space unit provides a to the EC definition), despite the fact that the vast majority of separate entry in the Eurospace economic model. space units in Europe are quite modest in size, from both the Note that total sales include inter-sector sales, they are employment and the revenues point of view. higher than final sales. Please refer to methodological In this year’s survey 70 companies formally qualified as SMEs notes for details. (representing a total of 2536 employees), out of a total of 154 small

12 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 FINAL SALES BY MARKET SEGMENT Overview: European sales vs. Export

Employment distribution by space unit - concentration in the space sector

5000 100% 4500 90% 4000 80% 3500 70% 3000 60% Employment Space (Direct) 2500 50% Cumulated (%) 2000 40% 1500 30% 1000 20% 500 10% 0 0% The graph above demonstrates the high level of concentration in the space industry in Europe, where only a few space units concentrate most of the employment whilst the majority of space units have very low employment figures (the smaller ones having less than 10 employees).

OVERVIEW: EUROPEAN SALES VS. EXPORT

The sales of the European space industry are located mainly in Europe (83% of final sales). Exports represent a smaller, but significant share (17%).

European sales vs. Exports (M€)

8000 European customers (M€) 7000 RoW customers (M€) 6000

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_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 13 FINAL SALES BY MARKET SEGMENT Overview: European sales vs. Export

Sales by system - European customers vs. Exports in 2018 (M€)

Launcher Telecommunications systems Earth Observation systems Navigation systems Science & exploration Human Space infrastructure RoW Europe Microgravity (racks, experiments) EGSE, MGSE (test & support equipmt) Ground stations (TT&C, UL/DL…) Professional services

0 165 330 495 660 825 990 1155 1320 1485 1650

European sales involve a variety of customers, including of almost exclusively commercial satellite operators, and their course the main space agencies in Europe (ESA procurement focus is on the procurement of telecommunications satellite alone representing more than one third of industry revenues). systems. The exports of European telecommunications systems Consequently, European sales concern a broad range of sales are even more important than the value of domestic sales systems, from scientific spacecraft to satellite applications and for similar systems. launcher systems. Diferently, customers outside Europe are

Sales by System - Decadal series - Export details (M€)

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Launcher systems and parts Satellite systems and parts Scientifc systems and parts Ground systems and parts Other & unknown

Satellite systems and parts (mostly telecommunications) are recent years they have provided regained opportunities for the main segment for exports. Launcher systems are not prone export. Ground segment exports are often associated to satellite to exports due to strict limitations on international trade in export contracts, but not systematically. launcher technology. Exports for scientific systems are usually associated to bilateral intergovernemental agreements, but in

14 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 FINAL SALES BY MARKET SEGMENT Overview: European sales vs. Export

Complete systems vs equipment and parts for Satellite applications - Export details (M€)

1400 Equipment and parts 1200 Complete systems 1000

800

600

400

200

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

The majority of Europeans space systems are exported as onto spacecraft produced outside Europe. These deliveries complete systems directly to the launch pad. Notwithstanding range from complete payloads for telecommunications (for the European industry has developed a market for space Russian customers) to dedicated components and specialised equipment and parts that are exported for further integration equipment (such as amplifiers e.g.).

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 15 FINAL SALES BY MARKET SEGMENT Overview - Public vs. Private customers

OVERVIEW - PUBLIC VS. PRIVATE CUSTOMERS

The sales of the European space industry are mostly associated Sales to public vs. Private customers (%) to public customers (i.e. state-controlled/owned entities). They represent 71% of final industry sales. Private customers Private customers represent a significant, though lesser, share of European space 29% industry sales, worth 29% of final industry sales.

Public customers 71%

Sales by system - Public vs. Private customers (M€)

Launcher Telecommunications systems Earth Observation systems Navigation systems Science & exploration Human Space infrastructure Public customers Microgravity (racks, experiments) Private customers EGSE, MGSE (test & support equipmt) Ground stations (TT&C, UL/DL…) Professional services Other & unknown

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Historically public entities have been the sole customers for telecommunications satellite operators (Eutelsat, Inmarsat, space systems in Europe (and worldwide). Today, public/ Intelsat). governmental programmes are still the largest contributors to As a consequence of the structure and nature of commercial space industry activity worldwide, and Europe is no exception markets in space, European space industry sales to private to this rule. Public customers (i.e. government controlled customers are concentrated upon two main product lines: large entities) are mostly composed of space agencies in Europe geostationary telecommunications satellite and operational and abroad, as well as public satellite operators (such as launch systems for operations at Kourou. Since the late Eumetsat in Europe, or Arabsat, Chinasat, RSCC worldwide). nineties, two secondary commercial markets have emerged; The gradual privatisation of a few specific areas of space activity the market for low Earth orbit mobile communications satellites has favoured the development of private customers for space (in constellations) and the market for commercial Earth systems. The first in line was Arianespace, the European private observations systems. We now see an emerging commercial/ launch services operator. This development was accelerated export market in the areas of Science and (more importantly) in at the turn of the millennium with the privatisation of all main the segment of human spaceflight.

16 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 FINAL SALES BY MARKET SEGMENT Customer details

CUSTOMER DETAILS

FOCUS: EUROPEAN PUBLIC/INSTITUTIONAL revenues. In this total, the European Commission programmes CUSTOMERS delegated to ESA represent an estimated 624 M€ worth of European public institutions, including ESA, national agencies, revenues for the sector. Furthermore, programmes delegated Eumetsat, and later the military and the EC, are the core historic by Eumetsat represented 162 M€ of revenues for industry. customers of the European space industry. Today they represent After ESA, national space agencies in Europe represent the 64% of space industry sales. most sizeable share of revenues from European institutional Space agencies have been established in Europe progressively programmes, worth 838 M€. These are the revenues generated from the sixties to nowadays. They have progressively acquired by national space programmes. Most of these are associated to an extended technical competence that allows them to manage the activities of CNES (France), DLR (Germany) and ASI (Italy). the complexity of space programmes, a unique competence It must be noted however that these three civil space agencies that is put to the service of other institutions. Space agencies also occasionally manage programmes on behalf of the military. (ESA and CNES in particular) not only manage and procure This was the case of Essaim (CNES/DGA), Satcom BW (DLR/ programmes serving their own purpose, but also provide Bundeswehr), Sicral (ASI/Forze Armate Italiane). In 2018 the technical management and procurement services to other estimated value of military systems procured by civil space entities. The most notable cases involve complete programme agencies in Europe was 10M€. delegation, where full budgets are delegated to the space With regard to the sales to military institutions in Europe, agency for implementation on behalf of a third party. This is the they represent revenues worth 758 M€. Since not all military case of the Copernicus satellites, managed and procured by systems are procured directly by military entities, the total value ESA on behalf of the European Commission. This is also the case of military systems sales is higher than the value of sales to of the Galileo programme, where ESA ensures all procurement military customers in Europe, worth 774 M€. This total includes on behalf of the Commission. Similarly, ESA has consistently the procurement of civil space agencies, worth 10 M€, the PPP developed and procured the European meteorological satellites approaches (e.g. Airbus/Skynet) worth 5 M€, and exports worth on behalf of Eumetsat. 194 M€ and a further 3 M€ worth of military systems whose Thus, it is no surprise that ESA is now the single most important customer could not be identified in the survey. In total, the sales customer of the European space industry, worth 3,6 B€ of of military systems represent 968 M€ in 2018.

Focus: Sales to European institutional customers by procuring entity (M€)

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Sales to ESA Sales to the European Commission Sales to public satellite operators Sales to other civil public agencies Sales to military institutions

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 17 FINAL SALES BY MARKET SEGMENT Customer details

Focus: Sales to European institutional customers by system (M€) in 2018

Launcher Telecommunications systems Earth Observation systems Navigation systems Science & exploration Human Space infrastructure ESA Microgravity (racks, experiments) Other Institutional Europe EGSE, MGSE (test & support equipmt) Ground stations (TT&C, UL/DL…) Professional services Other & unknown

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

NOTE: In these two graphs all sales to ESA include also the programmes with budget delegation from the EU (GMES/ Copernicus and Galileo/EGNOS) and from Eumetsat. The two EU programmes represent 624 M€ worth of industry sales to ESA. Eumetsat delegated procurement represents 162 M€ worth of industry sales. An estimate of the yearly impact of EU programmes on space industry revenues is provided further down.

It is interesting to note that ESA and other institutional customers and Italy mostly) that invest more on national programmes in Europe are not procuring the same types of systems. For Earth than what they provide to ESA. For telecommunications, we observation systems, the most important area of activity for note an even more striking situation with industry revenues institutional programmes, we note that ESA, supported by the from ESA programmes being lower than those of national GMES/Copernicus and Meteosat delegated budget generates programmes. On the contrary some branches of activity are revenues comparable than those of all national agencies. This almost completely organised in the ESA frame, this is the case clearly shows that Earth observation is still considered as a of launch system development, human spaceflight (and ISS strategic activity for some member states (France, Germany activities), and science.

Overview: Decadal series - customer segment - EU contribution to Sales (estimate - M€)

450 EU programmes share in ESA EO (Copernicus) EU programmes share in ESA NAV (Galileo & EGNOS) 400 EU grants and direct procurements (Framework programmes) 350

300

250

200

150

100

50 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NOTE: the chart above estimates the annual contribution of EU programmes to space industry sales (inlcusive of Galileo, EGNOS, Copernicus, and Research grants). European Union programmes contribution to sales is increasing regularly since 2009.

18 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 FINAL SALES BY MARKET SEGMENT Customer details

FOCUS: THE COMMERCIAL MARKET (PRIVATE CUSTOMERS AND EXPORTS) The ‘commercial market’ is the market composed of With the establishment of Arianespace, and later the advent of private entities (e.g. satellite operators, Arianespace), and commercial satellite operators, the European space industry public entities located outside Europe. In other terms we has added new customers on top of its core business with define the commercial market as all sales to private entities, plus all exports (sales to customers outside Europe). European institutional customers. These customers are commonly referred to as ‘the commercial market’, although not all of them are private entities.

Focus: Sales on the commercial market by customer (M€)

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Sales to Arianespace Sales to private satellite operators (Europe) Sales to Satellite Operators (RoW) Sales to Civil public Agencies (RoW) Sales to Miltary institutions (RoW) Sales of equipment and parts (RoW)

Focus: Sales on the commercial market by system in 2018 (M€)

Launcher Telecommunications systems Earth Observation systems Navigation systems Science & exploration Human Space infrastructure Commercial Customers Europe Commercial Customers RoW Microgravity (racks, experiments) EGSE, MGSE (test & support equipmt) Ground stations (TT&C, UL/DL…) Professional services

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Diferently than the European institutional market, where sales communications business is very uncertain today. The broadcast are distributed among a wide variety of diferent systems, in the business that was at the core of satellite operators markets, commercial market the sales are concentrated on two main types of based on GEO infrastructure, is now in a transition phase systems: launchers (32%) and telecommunications systems (45%). towards new business models (such as broadband ofering, in In telecommunications systems the importance of exports is GEO, LEO and MEO...). particularly worth noting. They represent alone 45% of the In all other product segments the commercial market is far from European space industry sales on the commercial market, being similarly mature/sizeable, and European industry sales are and 56% of total exports. The future of the commercial satellite altogether still limited.

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 19 FINAL SALES BY MARKET SEGMENT Overview: Historic series - customer segment

OVERVIEW: HISTORIC SERIES - CUSTOMER SEGMENT

Historic series: Institutional Europe (M€)

4000 3600 Sales to ESA Sales to other public entities in Europe 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Note: two EC programmes (Galileo and Copernicus/GMES) are managed by ESA on behalf of the EC. The sales associated to these programmes are thus included in the ESA values. The contribution of the EC to ESA probably explains most of the growth of sales to ESA observed after 2008.

Historic series: Commercial market & export (M€)

4000 3600 Commercial launchers and parts Commercial satellites and parts 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Note: for historic series the value of exports alone is unknown. Eurospace started measuring exports separately only with the 2009 methodological update.

20 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT Overview: sales by main product segment

OVERVIEW: SALES BY MAIN PRODUCT SEGMENT

The Eurospace survey identifies 4 main product segments in Sales by macro product segment European space industry sales, each lending itself to further categorisation: Launcher systems, Satellite applications, M€ 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Scientific systems, and Ground systems/services. Launcher systems 1415 1556 1737 1709 1677 Satellite applications systems 3187 3489 3664 4158 3792 Scientific programmes 1298 1302 1255 1215 1288 Ground systems and services 1066 1071 1339 1390 1493 Other & unknown 128 124 174 290 239

Sales by macro product segment - recent evolution - (M€)

4200 3780 3360 2940 2520 2100 1680 1260 840 420 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Launcher Satellite applications Scientifc programmes Ground segment Other & unknown

Sales by product segments, details (M€)

2200 1980 1760 1540 1320 1100 880 660 440 220 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Launcher systems and parts Telecommunications systems and parts Earth Observation systems and parts Navigation systems and parts Science & exploration systems and parts Human Spacefigt systems and parts Microgravity experiments EGSE/MGSE Ground stations Professional services Other & unknown

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 21 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT Overview: sales by main product segment

Launcher systems: The category only encompasses space launchers, all missile activity is excluded from the perimeter of the survey. Launcher systems are further split between operational launcher systems and parts (sold to launcher integrators and to launch services operators) and launcher development activities (funded by space agencies, so far). Satellite applications: this category considers satellite systems, i.e. autonomous systems destined to be operated in Earth orbit to perform an operational mission. Satellite systems category thus includes all systems (and parts) for telecommunications, Earth observation (including meteorology), and navigation/localisation/positioning. Scientific systems: this category encompasses all spacecraft with a scientific purpose. This includes all scientific satellites (i.e. for astronomy or Earth science purposes) as well as all human related structural components (cargo spacecraft, habitable modules etc.) and microgravity equipment (racks and modules for operations in the space station, or in artificial microgravity environment such as drop towers/parabolic flights). Ground systems/services: this category considers hardware and services closely associated to space systems development, production and operations. The category includes: professional ground stations (uplink/downlink stations) and ground control centres (for telemetry, tracking, and command - TT&C), Electric and mechanical ground support equipment (EGSE/MGSE - specialised equipment used to test and integrate space systems), services (only professional services, including test and engineering services associated to development and manufacturing), and ground control centre and operations services associated to spacecraft or launcher operations.

Sales by macro segment and by customer (M€)

Ground Other / Launcher Satellite Scientific systems & Unknown M€ systems applications programmes services systems Total Sales to ESA (incl. delegated EC programmes - GMES & Galileo) 710 1261 1066 519 36 3592 Sales to other European institutions (public) 39 980 105 628 87 1839 Sales to Public institutions RoW 2 377 73 109 32 593 Other/unknown European customers 4 22 5 50 24 104 Sales to European private operators 9 528 0 80 5 622 Sales to Arianespace 844 3 0 41 0 888 Sales Private satellite operators RoW 0 261 2 37 11 311 Sales of equipment and parts RoW 67 340 30 18 29 484 Other/unknown RoW customers 2 20 8 12 15 57 Total 1677 3792 1288 1493 239 8490

Looking at the matrix of sales (the distribution by macro are more evenly distributed across a variety of customers segment and by customer/procuring entity) we note that all in Europe and outside Europe. Of course satellite operators product segments are not associated to the same customer worldwide (public and private) are the core customers for this categories. segment of products worth 24% of total satellite applications ESA procurement addresses all product segments in the sales. The exports of equipment and parts (complete payloads, sector, but maintains a marked focus on scientific programmes specialised equipment etc.) represent a sizeable amount (10% (worth 30% of total sales to ESA, and 83% of total sales in of total satellite applications sales). scientific systems). This is consistent with the historic mandate On the ground systems & services segment, the core business of European cooperation in space established in the 60s with is located with European institutional customers (77% of total ESRO (European Space Research Organisation). ground system/services sales). Within this segment, sales Launcher sales are very much focused on two main customers, are mostly associated to ground control centre hardware and ESA (42% of launcher sales) and Arianespace (50% of launcher services, as well as engineering services provided in support of sales). This is consistent with the organisation of launcher technical space agency activities. development and procurement activities in Europe where Arianespace is procuring operational launcher systems while ESA is financing launcher development and consolidation activities. Satellite applications sales (sales of systems and equipment for telecommunications, Earth observation and navigation)

22 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT Launcher systems sales

FOCUS: MILITARY SYSTEMS AND MILITARY programmes in Europe has been associated to a wide variety CUSTOMERS of solutions, from the direct procurement of military systems In Europe, diferently than in the USA, Russia or even China, by defence procurement agencies (such as the French DGA) military applications of space are rather under-developed. to budget delegation to national space agencies (such as the Strategic considerations have not been a major driver of space DGA/CNES agreement or the Bundeswehr/DLR scheme) as systems development in the early years of European space well as a variety of public-private partnerships (such as the programmes, and today European space military programmes Skynet/Paradigm scheme with the UK Ministry of Defence). are still organised at national level rather than at European level. As a result, the economic assessment of military systems sales cannot be limited to the assessment of industry sales to military Military space programmes in Europe have almost exclusively entities. developed in the areas of telecommunications (with the Syracuse, Skynet, Sicral, Satcom BW systems...) as well as in the area of remote sensing and electronic intelligence (Helios, The Eurospace methodology identifies all sales to Cosmo-Skymed-Pleiades, Essaim…). military entities, but also the sales of military systems under procurement by civil public and private entities. The technical and financial management of military space

Focus on Military systems: military systems sales by customer segment (M€)

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

To military institutions (Europe) To civil public agencies (Europe) To military institutions (ROW) To civil public agencies (ROW) To private satellite operators (ROW)

With regard to the sales to military institutions in Europe, customer could not be identified in the survey. In total, the sales they represent revenues worth 758 M€. Since not all military of military systems represent 968 M€ in 2018. systems are procured directly by military entities, the total value Due to their strategic nature, defence markets are still very much of military systems sales is higher than the value of sales to organised nationally worldwide. With military space systems military customers in Europe, worth 774 M€. This total includes this situation is reflected in the sales figures for European the procurement of civil space agencies, worth 10 M€, the PPP military space systems, where exports are a growing fraction of approaches (e.g. Airbus/Skynet) worth 5 M€, and exports worth military systems sales. 194 M€ and a further 3 M€ worth of military systems whose

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 23 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT Launcher systems sales

LAUNCHER SYSTEMS SALES

Launcher system sales include sales of operational launch systems to Arianespace procurement, the exports of launcher equipment and parts, and all launcher development and consolidation activities funded mainly by ESA. The European space industry currently manufactures two diferent launchers, the Ariane 5 system (heavy launcher), and the VEGA system (small/medium class launcher). Both are operated by Arianespace from the European spaceport in French Guyana, alongside the Russian Soyuz launcher. The Soyuz is produced in Russia and is not associated to any significant revenues for the European space manufacturing industry.

Long series: Launcher systems sales (M€)

1200

1000

800

600

400

Launcher Development activities 200 Launcher Operational systems & parts

0

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Launcher programmes include two diferent and complementary aim at preparing the future (e.g. FLPP) or at consolidating and market segments. improving existing technology (e.g. ARTA, VERTA). The level of A market for operational launcher systems: the space industry business associated to this market is driven by policy decisions. In produces and integrates the Ariane and VEGA launch systems for 2014 European Ministers at the ESA Council decided to embark on Arianespace. This is strictly a domestic market, although Arianespace the development of a new launcher system: Ariane 6. The impact of services are sold to customers worldwide. The level of business in the Ariane 6 development programme on industry revenues is quite this segment is driven mostly by Arianespace demand for launch visible since 2016. system, itself being strongly linked to the global demand for launch With the exception of launcher parts for exports (only 4% of launcher services and by the competitiveness of Arianespace. Industry also sales), the whole launcher system market is domestic, on both its exports launcher parts (e.g. fairings, nozzles) that are integrated to operational and development market segments. Notwithstanding non-European launchers (e.g. Atlas in the USA, H2 in Japan). the customer base of Arianespace business is markedly international, A market for launch system development activities: development since over past years Arianespace launched a majority of satellites for programmes are funded almost exclusively through ESA, they non-European entities.

24 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT Launcher systems sales

Long series: All satellites (#) launched by Ariane and Vega launchers by customer region

60 EU Customers 50 Export Customers

40

30

20

10

0

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Note that in the graph above only the satellites launched with the Ariane 4, Ariane 5 and Vega systems are taken into account. Arianespace also operates Soyuz launchers, whose activity is not considered here.

Launcher segment details - decadal evolution (M€)

1800 Sales to European institutional customers (Development) 1600 Sales to Commercial and export customers (Operational systems)

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Launcher segment details: European vs Export customers (M€)

1800 Sales to European Customers 1600 Sales to RoW Customers (export) 1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 25 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT Launcher systems sales

Launcher segment details: Private vs. public customers (M€)

1200 Sales to Public Customers 1000 Sales to Private Customers

800

600

400

200

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Launcher segment details: Sales to public entities in Europe (M€)

900 Sales to ESA 800 Sales to other institutions in Europe 700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

26 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT Satellite applications sales

SATELLITE APPLICATIONS SALES

Satellite applications: this category considers satellite systems, i.e. autonomous systems destined to be operated in Earth orbit to perform an operational mission. Satellite systems category thus includes all systems (and parts) for telecommunications, Earth observation (including meteorology), and navigation/localisation/positioning.

Satellite applications, as a whole, represent the most important source of revenues for the European space industry, worth 45% of final sales. They are also the main export segment with 69% of exports.

Satellite applications details: distribution by application - decadal evolution (M€)

2200

1925

1650

1375

1100

825

550

275

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Telecommunications systems and parts Navigation systems and parts Earth Observation systems and parts

The evolution over time of sales among the three segments The sales of satellite applications systems are composed at of satellite applications is very diferent. Telecommunications 88% of complete systems sold to final customers such as space systems sales exhibit a high variability with an evolution that may agencies (in Europe and abroad) and satellite operators. A small be driven by a cycle. Fluctuations in telecommunications systems percentage of satellite applications sales (12%) is associated sales are mostly linked to fluctuations in the commercial/global to the export of satellite parts and equipment, ranging from market for geostationary telecommunications systems. In Earth complete payloads for telecommunications system, to smaller observation, the evolution is marked by rather stable sales over parts and equipment such as amplifiers, TWTs, gyros, etc. time. In navigation the situation is that of an emerging market These parts and equipment are sold for integration in satellite segment, with no significant sales until the mid-nineties, and systems produced by non-European space companies (mainly from there on a growth associated to the gradual commitment in the USA and Russia). These not so marginal exports highlight of European governments to the development and deployment the excellence of some specific European products. of the European EGNOS, and Galileo systems.

Satellite applications: sales matrix (M€) in 2018

M€ Private customers Europe Public customers Europe Private customers RoW Public customers RoW Total Telecommunications systems 516 459 517 263 1755 Earth Observation systems 12 1453 63 112 1640 Navigation systems 1 329 21 2 353 Total 529 2241 601 377 3748

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 27 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT Satellite applications sales

Satellite applications details: European sales vs. exports (M€)

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Telecommunications systems (Europe) Telecommunications systems (Exports) Earth observation systems (Europe) Earth observation systems (Exports) Navigation systems (Europe) Navigation systems (Exports)

Satellite applications represent the major segment of exports exports). For the other two sub-segments export markets for the European space industry. These exports are not evenly have yet to develop significantly, although European Earth distributed among the three sub-segments. In fact, most observation systems are facing a growing non domestic of satellite applications systems exports are associated to demand from emerging operators and aspiring space countries. telecommunications systems (78% of all satellite applications

Satellite applications details: Private vs. Public customers (M€)

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Telecommunications systems (Public) Telecommunications systems (Private) Earth observation systems (Public) Earth observation systems (Private) Navigation systems (Public) Navigation systems (Private)

The satellite applications market segment is composed at 69% European institutional/public customers are core players in the by the demand expressed by public customers, mostly public satellite applications market, their demand is worth 59% of the agencies such as ESA (mostly acting on behalf of the EU in this total satellite applications sales, and worth 86% of the demand segment), national space agencies and public satellite operators expressed by public customers worldwide in this market such as Arabsat. Private entities are found on the demand side segment. mostly in telecommunications systems, where they represent the core demand (i.e. Eutelsat, Inmarsat, Paradigm etc.).

28 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT Satellite applications sales

Satellite applications details: focus on the European institutional market (M€)

900 Telecommunications systems to ESA 800 Telecommunications systems to other institutionnal Europe Earth observation systems to ESA 700 Earth observation systems to other institutionnal Europe Navigation systems to ESA 600 Navigation systems to other institutionnal Europe 500

400

300

200

100 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Note: two EC programmes (Galileo and Copernicus/GMES) are managed by ESA on behalf of the EC. The sales associated to these programmes are thus included in the value of sales to ESA. It is estimated that GMES activities represented almost half of Earth observation sales to ESA and Galileo about 90% of the navigation-related sales to ESA.

Within the specific sub-segment of European institutional contrary, in telecommunications, the majority of sales occur customers a few peculiarities can be highlighted with regard to outside the ESA procurement scheme (with national funding). the split between sales to ESA and sales to other institutional Such a situation suggests that in telecommunications and Earth entities (mostly national space agencies). In two sub segments observation ESA member states rather promote activities on the activities performed under ESA procurement generate more a national scheme, supporting the development of their own business that those performed mainly in a national environment. industry. This is the case for navigation and Earth observation. On the

Satellite applications details: focus on the commercial and export market (M€)

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Telecommunications systems (private customers in Europe) Earth observation systems (all customers ROW) Telecommunications systems (all customers ROW) Navigation systems (private customers in Europe) Earth observation systems (private customers in Europe) Navigation systems (all customers ROW)

The commercial and exports market for European satellite of sales in the total commercial and export market segment. applications systems is mostly associated to the sales to The smaller value of sales of Earth observation and navigation telecommunications satellite operators to the point that sales to systems on the commercial and exports markets is due to telecommunications satellite operators represent 24% of total the lower commercial maturity of these market segments, sales of satellite applications, and are worth as much as58% compared to telecommunications.

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 29 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT Scientific programmes sales

SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMES SALES

Scientific programmes cover activities exclusively related (Mars Express, Exomars) or Jupiter (Juice), a growth trend in to governmental programmes. With the development of exploration and science has been observed after a long decade exploration missions and the interest of not missing the of extreme stability of scientific programme revenues of the appropriate launch windows for such remote targets as Mars European industry.

Long series: scientific programmes (M€)

1200 Human Space infrastructure 1000 Science & exploration Microgravity (racks, experiments) 800

600

400

200

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Scientific programmes are a broad market segment that includes three very diferent sub-segments. Science and exploration: this category embraces all industry sales associated to the design, development and production of automated spacecraft systems in the frame of scientific programmes promoted by governmental organisations. These may cover a diversity of missions in the scientific domain, such as astronomy, oceanography, atmosphere science, magnetosphere studies, planetary exploration, etc. ISS and human spaceflight programmes: this segment covers all activities relevant to the European involvement in the European space station (cargo spacecraft, modules, habitats, specialised gear, etc.) with the exception of the experiments carried on board. Microgravity: this segment covers all sales related to the design, development and operations of experiments and tests performed in microgravity, mostly aboard the space station, but also on Earth based microgravity infrastructures (Zero-G flights, drop towers).

30 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT Scientific programmes sales

Scientific programmes details - recent evolution (M€)

1200

Microgravity (racks, experiments) 1000 Human Space infrastructure Science and exploration 800

600

400

200

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Science and exploration systems represent alone 79% of the sales of scientific programmes. The human related systems sales are worth 18% of scientific programmes while microgravity products (racks and experiments) are the smallest share of sales in this segment, only worth 3% of scientific programmes sales.

Scientific programmes details: Domestic vs. Export sales (M€)

1000

800

600

400

200

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Science and exploration Domestic Human Space infrastructure Exports Science and exploration Exports Microgravity (racks, experiments) Domestic Human Space infrastructure Domestic Microgravity (racks, experiments) Exports

Due to the governmental nature of scientific programmes in the USA or Russia). For human spaceflight the situation has space there are only limited opportunities for exports in this changed in 2014 with the delivery of European contributions specific segment. As a result exports represent a mere 9% to the US Cygnus cargo module. The European involvement in of all scientific programmes sales, and are mostly associated this programme may further generate growth opportunities for to activities performed in a multilateral framework (such as exports in this market segment. the ISS, or scientific programmes in collaboration with India,

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 31 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT Scientific programmes sales

Scientific programmes focus on: European institutional market (M€)

1000

800

600

400

200

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Science and exploration to ESA Science and exploration to other institutional Europe Human Space infrastructure to ESA Human Space infrastructure to other institutional Europe Microgravity (racks, experiments) to ESA Microgravity (racks, experiments) to other institutional Europe

In Europe, the majority of scientific programmes (diferently than satellite applications) are promoted and funded in the frame of ESA (83% of all scientific programmes sales). This is completely in line with the original vision of the founding fathers of European space programmes willing to promote scientific research in space at European level.

Scientific programmes: all details (M€)

M€ Private customers Europe Public customers Europe Private customers RoW Public customers RoW Total Science & exploration 0 936 28 27 991 Human Space infrastructure 0 203 2 26 231 Microgravity (racks, experiments) 0 31 1 0 32 Scientific programmes 0 1170 31 53 1254

32 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT Ground segment activities

GROUND SEGMENT ACTIVITIES

This product category was introduced with the methodological introduced, this market segment has represented an average change of 2009, there are no long series associated. The category of 18% of space industry sales, confirming the relevance of the was created to measure precisely the ground segment business measure and the importance of ground segment activities in directly associated to the design, development, manufacturing the overall space system approach. and operations of space systems. Since the measure was

Ground segment activities - overview (M€)

900

800 EGSE,MGSE (test & support equipment) Ground stations (TT&C, UL/DL…) 700 Professional services 600

500

400

300

200

100 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Ground segment activities include three categories. First the manufacturing of EGSE/MGSE (electric/mechanical ground support equipment): the professional equipment used to perform calibration, integration and test activities on spacecraft systems, subsystems and instruments (worth 8 % of ground segment sales). Only specialised equipment designed and procured to support space programmes is included in this category. Generic manufacturing equipment is not included in the Eurospace survey. The sale of ground stations and ground control centres, i.e. the ground infrastructure required to operate space systems (launchers during launch, and spacecraft during operational lifetime) is worth 53% of ground segment activities sales. Ground segment services are not counted in this category. The last, but not least, category of sales in the ground segment is associated to services exclusively. In this category are bundled two diferent types of services. The services provided to the manufacturing industry in support of design, development, test and integration activities, and the services provided to space agencies for the technical and financial management of their programmes, including, sometimes, ground control centre operations. This category represents 40% of the total ground segment activities sales. In this category the vast majority of sales are related to public customers in Europe (mostly ESA).

Ground segment details - European sales vs Exports (M€)

700 EGSE,MGSE (test & support equipment) to European customers Ground stations (TT&C, UL/DL…) to Exports EGSE,MGSE (test & support equipment) to Exports Professional services to European customers 600 Ground stations (TT&C, UL/DL…) to European customers Professional services to Exports

500

400

300

200

100

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 33 FINAL SALES BY PRODUCT SEGMENT Ground segment activities

Ground segment details - Private vs Public customers (M€)

700 EGSE,MGSE (test & support equipment) to Private Customers Professional services to Public Customers EGSE,MGSE (test & support equipment) to Public Customers Professional services to Private Customers 600 Ground stations (TT&C, UL/DL…) to Private Customers Ground stations (TT&C, UL/DL…) to Public Customers 500

400

300

200

100

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Ground segment details - Focus on European institutional customers (M€)

400 EGSE,MGSE (test & support equipment) to ESA Ground stations (TT&C, UL/DL…) to other institutions in Europe EGSE,MGSE (test & support equipment) to other institutions in Europe Professional services to ESA Ground stations (TT&C, UL/DL…) to ESA Professional services to other institutions in Europe 300

200

100

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Ground segment details - Focus on Commercial and Exports (M€)

150 EGSE,MGSE (test & support equipment) Domestic Ground stations (TT&C, UL/DL…) Export 135 EGSE,MGSE (test & support equipment) Export Professional services Domestic Ground stations (TT&C, UL/DL…) Domestic Professional services Export 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

34 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 OUTPUT OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE INDUSTRY IN 2018 European spacecraft deliveries to launch

Sales in the ground segment category are mostly located in Europe, with exports representing 12% of the total. Sales are mostly relevant to public customers, with ESA at the forefront with 519 M€, i.e. 35% of the total ground segment sales of the European space industry.

Ground segment activities: sales matrix (M€) in 2018

M€ Private customers Europe Public customers Europe Private customers RoW Public customers RoW Total EGSE, MGSE (test & support equipmt) 3 85 5 0 93 Ground stations (TT&C, UL/DL…) 19 602 40 100 761 Professional services 58 460 10 9 537 Total 80 1147 55 109 1391

EUROPEAN SPACECRAFT DELIVERIES TO LAUNCH

EUROPEAN SPACECRAFT LAUNCHED IN 2018 The European space industry was involved in the production of 50 large spacecraft delivered for launch in 2018. In addition to these, 39 small satellites (i.e. less than 150kg) were produced in Europe, including very small satellites (less than 10kg) often developed in universities and laboratories.

European-built spacecraft delivered for launch in 2018 (customer and mass at launch/kg)

Spacecraft system Spacecraft Mass at Spacecraft system Spacecraft Mass at name Customer launch (kg) name Customer launch (kg) SES 12 SES 5300 GRACE-FO 1 NASA 580 SES 14 SES (and NASA) 4423 GRACE-FO 2 NASA 580 METOP C Eumetsat 3950 SSTL-S1 4 21AT 447 Bangabandhu 1 BTRC 3700 NovaSAR-S 1 DMCii 430 CSO 1 DGA 3655 ASIM ESA 330 BepiColombo MPO ESA 2950 Eu:CROPIS DLR 250 Aeolus ESA 1400 LEO Vantage 1 Telesat 168 Paz Hisde 1200 Carbonite 2 SSTL 100 Sentinel 3B EU 1200 ICEYE-Dummy ICEYE 100 Mohammed VI B CRTS 1110 RemoveDEBRIS SSTL 100 Iridium-NEXT (25 units) Iridium 860/unit ICEYE X2 ICEYE 80 Galileo (units 23 to 26) EU 733/unit ICEYE X1 ICEYE 70 03b FM13 to FM16 O3b Networks 700/unit ESEO ESA 44 Cubesats (33 units) Various 132/total

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 35 OUTPUT OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE INDUSTRY IN 2018 European spacecraft deliveries to launch

Long series: European-built spacecraft by customer segment - European vs Exports (mass at launch/tons)

60 Export Customers 50 EU Customers

40

30

20

10

0

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Historically, European spacecraft were sold exclusively to increased its production (measured in mass), second the institutions (and all of them in Europe) with ESA, National share of European customers usually exceeds that of Exports. agencies and Eumetsat being the main customers. The The mass impact of human spaceflight programmes (ATV, first commercial customers for European spacecraft were Columbus) on the series is significant since these programmes also European, but they were soon expanded with export require very heavy spacecraft (e.g. ATV: 20 tons, ISS Node 15 customers. The comparison over time of the evolution of the tons). This is slightly compensated by the trend in geostationary mass of European spacecraft against the customer exhibits communications satellites whose mass routinely exceeds two interesting trends. First the European industry has largely 5 tons.

Long series: European-built spacecraft by customer segment - Public vs private customers (mass at launch/tons)

70 Public 60 Private

50

40

30

20

10

0

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

In the nineties, annual deliveries of European spacecraft for customers. This market segment, worth 20 to 40 tons of launch were mostly associated to public customers (space spacecraft deliveries per year, is mostly composed of large agencies and public satellite operators). In the past decade, geostationary telecommunications satellites. where we have seen a growing share of deliveries to private

36 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 OUTPUT OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE INDUSTRY IN 2018 Ariane and VEGA launches

ARIANE AND VEGA LAUNCHES

Spacecraft launched by Ariane and Vega in 2018 In 2018 the European launcher industry delivered 6 Ariane-5 systems and 2 Vega system for launch by Arianespace. The Launcher Version Launch date Payload Mass (kg) launchers were used to loft 8 geostationary satellites and 8 low Earth orbit spacecraft. All were successfully injected in the Al Yah 3 3795 25/01/2018 expected orbital location. SES 14 4423 In 2018 the launchers built by the European industry have HYLAS 4 4050 successfully put a total of 46,244 tons in orbit. 05/04/2018 Superbird-B3 5348 Azerspace-2 3500 Ariane 5 ECA 25/09/2018 Horizons-3e 6441 BepiColombo MMO 1150 20/10/2018 (Mio) BepiColombo MPO 2950 GEO-KOMPSAT 2A 3420 04/12/2018 GSat 11 5725 Galileo 23 733 Galileo 24 733 Ariane 5 ES 25/07/2018 Galileo 25 733 Galileo 26 733 22/08/2018 Aeolus 1400 Vega 21/11/2018 Mohammed VI B 1110 Total launched mass 46244

CORRELATION BETWEEN SPACECRAFT MASS AT LAUNCH AND INDUSTRY REVENUES

Ariane launches (left) vs. Industry revenues (right, current M€) 14 1200

12 1000

10 800 8 600 6 400 4

2 200

0 0

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Ariane 4 Ariane 5 Vega Launcher sales to Arianespace (M€)

The value of industry launcher sales to Arianespace is closely correlated to the number of launchers delivered to Arianespace in the same year. It shall be noted however that not all systems delivered are launched in the year of delivery, thus the series are not perfectly aligned. In addition to the revenue from systems sales, industry also performs specific services for Arianespace on location at the spaceport in French Guyana, to support launcher/payload integration aspects and launcher readiness for launch. This factor is being corrected in most recent data series.

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 37 OUTPUT OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE INDUSTRY IN 2018 Ariane and VEGA launches

Mass launched by Ariane by orbit (tons)

60

Geostationary Orbit 50 Other Orbit

40

30

20

10

0

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Ariane launched mass by customer (tons)

45

40 European institutional customers 35 Other customers

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

The Ariane system has been used mainly to deliver spacecraft in geostationary orbit, although it has also served low Earth orbit on specific occasions (e.g. ATV launches). The Ariane launch system is the preferred choice of commercial customers, and this is reflected by the high share of commercial launches in Ariane’s launch history. European institutional customers (ESA, Eumetsat and national agencies in Europe) are not the primary customers of the Ariane system, but it is interesting to note that they have been the only ones using Ariane to reach other orbits that the geostationary orbit.

38 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION DATA COLLECTION CONSOLIDATION MODEL TO THE SURVEY The data collection is supported by In the Space sector, as with many other Every year Eurospace, the association of the companies with space activities operating industrial sectors, the delivery of a complex European space manufacturing industry, in Europe (not limited to Eurospace system involves the participation of a large issues the annual update of its facts & membership). Companies answer a number of companies at various stages of figures statistical series. questionnaire providing detailed information the development and production processes. Since its inception, the statistical collection on their sales and employment relevant to This translates into a complex contractual aims at measuring the value of the market space systems design, development and chain, where one prime contractor signs for space systems design, development and manufacturing. All information released to with the customer and then distributes the production in Europe (i.e. the space industry Eurospace is protected by a confidentiality work among itself and many subcontractors. manufacturing activity). Space systems are agreement. The quality of the survey is THE NEED FOR CONSOLIDATION only as good as the data provided by defined in detail (see “products definitions”) When considering the revenues generated participating companies. in order to ensure an appropriate data within the whole supply chain by the collection and to avoid misinterpretation of Most companies in the space manufacturing production of one space system, with the the data sets. sector have participated at least once to mechanism of subcontracts the cumulated This statistical efort is supported by two Eurospace survey in the past. The main value of all contracts exceeds the value of main driving principles: players (companies with more than 100 the system itself. This is due to the fact that space employees) usually support the 1) The focus on manufacturing activities without consolidation, some subcontracts survey on a very regular basis, while (with the exclusion of all services related to are counted twice. smaller players may only support the survey the exploitation of space systems: launch Within a given perimeter, the consolidation sporadically. When a reply is missing from a services and satellite operations). Service of sales can be done in two ways: either company, it is supplemented by an estimate activities associated to the manufacturing by measuring the consolidated sales at based on a previous reply received from process of space systems (such as company level (total sales minus the value of that company, and/or publicly available engineering and test services, consultancies subcontracts), either by measuring the final information on the company. etc.) are included in the perimeter of sales at company level (total sales minus the survey. A share of ground systems The space manufacturing sector in Europe inter-sector sales, relevant to subcontracted operations is included also, when they are is at the same time very fragmented and work). Within a given perimeter the value performed for Space agencies in Europe. very concentrated. The 30 largest space of consolidated sales and final sales are units in Europe make for almost 80% of total 2) The efort to measure the value of the identical. employment of the sector. The remaining end-market, with the elimination of all inter- smaller players representing barely 20% sectoral business that could be counted METHODOLOGICAL UPDATE of employment. It is also interesting to twice or more. IN 2010 note that all smaller players work almost exclusively as subcontractors to the largest PERIMETER OF THE SURVEY players. Initially, the Eurospace survey was based on a methodology focusing on measuring the From a statistical point of view, this means consolidated sales (i.e. the value of sales, The Eurospace facts & figures survey that an eficient data collection shall focus minus the value of purchases within the focuses on measuring the economic value on collecting at least the main replies sector). In 2010 Eurospace implemented a of industrial activities associated to the (the large players, and particularly the new methodology based on the accurate design, development and manufacturing of prime contractors) that will provide a measure of final sales, including the space systems (also called the upstream good assessment of final sales. Collecting identification of sales to other companies sector) in Europe. additional replies from increasingly smaller in the sector (not provided before). This It does not consider non-space products players, adds a layer of detail to the survey methodological update was required (such as missiles or consumer-end terminals and improves marginally the measurement because there were growing uncertainties such as GPS receivers, Satellite TV receivers of employment; but does not afect the with the data consolidation activities, due to and dishes, etc.) nor the provision of overall value of final sales and has a limited missing, inaccurate or incomplete returns, services based on the exploitation of space economic impact. particularly with regard to the measure of assets. This means that the revenues and purchases within the appropriate perimeter. employment of such companies as Eutelsat, Paradigm, Inmarsat, Arianespace, SES All eforts have been made to preserve full Global, and other operators are not included data consistency throughout historic series, in the perimeter of the survey. and the objective was achieved at the expense of corrections applied to previous years’ data sets. These corrections have been rather minor.

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 39 DEFINITIONS

SPACE SYSTEMS AND RELATED PRODUCTS CONSIDERED IN THE SURVEY

Eurospace survey is product oriented, i.e. it measures sales of well equipment (racks and experiment modules to perform microgravity identified products: space systems. Space systems are organised in experiments aboard the ISS and other microgravity environments). three diferent categories: launcher systems and parts, spacecraft GROUND SEGMENT (AND RELATED SERVICES) systems and parts, ground systems and parts. Each product/ Ground segment activities include three categories of activities. system category is split in relevant subcategories. The manufacturing of EGSE/MGSE (electric/mechanical ground LAUNCHER SYSTEMS support equipment): the professional equipment used to perform The category only considers space launchers, all missile activity calibration, integration and test activities on space systems, is excluded from the perimeter of the survey. Launcher systems subsystems and instruments. Only specialised equipment designed are further split between operational launcher systems and parts and procured to support space programmes is included in this (sold to launcher integrators and to launch services operators) and category. Generic manufacturing equipment is not included in the launcher development activities (funded by space agencies, so far). Eurospace survey. SPACECRAFT/SATELLITE SYSTEMS The sales of ground stations and ground control centres, i.e. the The category includes all items destined to leave the Earth ground infrastructure required to operate space systems (launchers atmosphere and operate in space, either to deliver operational during launch, and spacecraft during operational lifetime) Ground services in Earth orbit (satellite applications systems), either in segment services are not counted in this category. to perform scientific mission in Earth orbit and beyond (scientific The sales of ground services. In this category are bundled systems). two diferent types of services. The services provided to the Satellite applications include: telecommunications systems, Earth manufacturing industry in support of design, development, test and observation systems (including meteorology) and navigation systems integration activities, and the services provided to space agencies (e.g. Galileo) for the technical and financial management of their programmes, Scientific systems include: science and exploration programmes including, sometimes, ground control centre operations. (such as Gaia, Venus Express, Exomars...), human infrastructure programmes (such as ISS contributions and ATV), and microgravity

SECTOR CONCENTRATION: EMPLOYMENT IN SPACE UNITS, EMPLOYMENT BY UNIT AND CUMULATED %

The European space sector is at the same time very concentrated and highly fragmented. As a result, it is composed of a small number of rather large space units (notably at Airbus Defence and Space, Thales Alenia Space and SNECMA) and a quite extensive number of very small space units. Are worth noting: The 10 largest space units in Europe contribute to more than half of total employment. The 20 largest space units in Europe are worth two thirds of total employment. The 30 largest space units gather three quarters of the total employment. All smaller space units have employment of less than 250. The average space unit size is 164 employees.

5000 100% 4500 90% 4000 80% 3500 70% 3000 60% Employment Space (Direct) 2500 50% Cumulated (%) 2000 40% 1500 30% 1000 20% 500 10% 0 0% Note: Each bar represents the employment in one space unit (e.g.TAS-Italy, EREMS, Selex Galileo UK)

40 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 SURVEY INFORMATION

EUROSPACE ECONOMIC MODEL

The Eurospace facts & figures economic model included 274 Space economic assessment of European space manufacturing activity. Units/Companies in 2019. For all other companies, proxy data was used in the model. Proxy We provide hereafter the full list of companies included in the data is elaborated using information provided in previous years Eurospace economic model, with details on the status of information (when available) and/or information available from public sources, used for the year 2018. The regular contribution of major space mainly the European Space Directory and company websites. players in Europe ensures the accuracy of Eurospace facts & figures

2018 SURVEY STATISTICS: QUESTIONNAIRE RETURN RATE IN % OF UNITS, SALES, AND EMPLOYMENT

The survey rate of return, measured in number of units was Survey representativeness 26%. But thanks to the good support of large players, the 70 questionnaires returned represent 87% of final sales data Survey statistics Nb of units Final sales M€ Space empl. compiled and 73% of space employment. All units in the model 274 8552 43454 Questionnaires returned 70 7686 31753 Proxies 204 866 11701 Survey representativeness 26% 90% 73%

COMPANIES HAVING SUPPORTED THE SURVEY IN 2019

Data Data collection collection status Space Unit Country status Space Unit Country Updated in 2019 4Links Limited United Kingdom Updated in 2019 Cosine Measurment Systems BV Netherlands Updated in 2019 Aerospace & Advanced Composites GmbH Austria Updated in 2019 CS COMMUNICATION & SYSTEMES France Updated in 2019 Air Liquide Advanced Technologies France Updated in 2019 DA-Design Oy Finland Updated in 2019 Airbus Defence & Space GmbH Germany Updated in 2019 Edisoft, SA Portugal Updated in 2019 Airbus Defence & Space SAS France Updated in 2019 EIDEL Norway Updated in 2019 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Germany Updated in 2019 ELECNOR DEIMOS Spain Updated in 2019 Airbus Defence and Space Ltd. United Kingdom Updated in 2019 EREMS France Updated in 2019 Airbus Defence and Space Nederland BV Netherlands Updated in 2019 Euro-Composites S.A. Luxembourg Updated in 2019 AIRBUS DEFENCE AND SPACE SAU Spain Updated in 2019 FHP Portugal Updated in 2019 ALMA SISTEMI SRL Italy Updated in 2019 GAF AG (Telespaziogroup) Germany Updated in 2019 ALMATECH SA Switzerland Updated in 2019 GMV Spain Updated in 2019 ALTEC Italy Updated in 2019 IABG mbH Germany Updated in 2019 ALTER TECHNOLOGY TÜV NORD Spain Updated in 2019 INDRA SISTEMAS S.A. Spain Updated in 2019 Antwerp Space Belgium Updated in 2019 Integrated Detector Electronics Norway Updated in 2019 APCO Technologies Switzerland Updated in 2019 Kayser Italia Srl Italy Updated in 2019 ArianeGroup GmbH Germany Updated in 2019 Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace AS Norway Updated in 2019 ArianeGroup SAS France Updated in 2019 Kongsberg Satellite Services AS Norway MEC - MICROWAVE ELECTRONICS FOR Updated in 2019 Avio SpA Italy Updated in 2019 Italy COMMUNICATIONS Updated in 2019 AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH Germany Updated in 2019 MT Aerospace AG Germany Updated in 2019 Clemessy France Updated in 2019 OHB Italia Italy Updated in 2019 COMPUTADORAS REDES E INGENIERIA SAU Spain Updated in 2019 OHB System AG Germany

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 41 SURVEY INFORMATION

Data Data collection collection status Space Unit Country status Space Unit Country Updated in 2019 OIP N.V. Belgium Proxy data ALTER TECHNOLOGY TÜV NORD United Kingdom Updated in 2019 Orolia Switzerland SA Switzerland Proxy data ALTER TÜV France Updated in 2019 QinetiQ Space Belgium Proxy data ALTRAN TECHNOLOGIES France Updated in 2019 RUAG Schweiz AG, RUAG Space Switzerland Proxy data AMOS Belgium Updated in 2019 RUAG Space AB Sweden Proxy data Andritz Austria Updated in 2019 RUAG Space GmbH Austria Proxy data Anite Systems Germany Updated in 2019 SABCA Belgium Proxy data APP Netherlands Updated in 2019 Safran Aircraft Engines France Proxy data Arquimea Deutschland Germany Updated in 2019 SENER, Ingenieria y Sistemas, S.A. Spain Proxy data ARQUIMEA INGENIERIA S.L. Spain Updated in 2019 SEREME France Proxy data ASP GmbH Germany Updated in 2019 SITAEL S.p.A. Italy Proxy data Astri Polska Sp. z o.o. Poland Updated in 2019 SODERN France Astro- und Feinwerktechnik Adlershof Proxy data Germany Updated in 2019 SOFRADIR France GmbH Updated in 2019 Space Applications Services Belgium Proxy data ATG-Europe Netherlands Updated in 2019 Space Systems Finland Ltd. Finland Proxy data ATMEL Nantes S.A.S. France Updated in 2019 Telespazio France France Proxy data ATMOSTAT France Updated in 2019 Telespazio group Italy Proxy data Aviospace Italy Updated in 2019 Telespazio Vega UK Ltd United Kingdom Proxy data AVS Spain Updated in 2019 TERMA Denmark Proxy data AVS United Kingdom Updated in 2019 Tesat-Spacecom GmbH & Co.KG Germany Proxy data Axon Cable United Kingdom Updated in 2019 Thales Alenia Space España Spain Proxy data BBT-Materials Processing Czech Republic Updated in 2019 THALES ALENIA SPACE France SAS France Proxy data BHE (Bonn Hungary Electronics) Hungary Updated in 2019 Thales Alenia Space Italia S.p.A. Italy Proxy data BHR Group United Kingdom Updated in 2019 TRYO Aerospace Spain Proxy data BOOSTEC France Updated in 2019 TTTech Computertechnik AG Austria Proxy data Bradford Engineering BV Netherlands Updated in 2019 V2i Belgium Proxy data Britte Belgium Updated in 2019 Vitrociset Belgium Proxy data Capgemini Technology Services France Updated in 2019 Vitrociset France Proxy data Captec Ireland Updated in 2019 Vitrociset Italy Proxy data Cegelec SA Belgium Proxy data 5M s.r.o. Czech Republic Proxy data Centre Spatial de Liège - ULg Belgium Proxy data ABSL Space Products United Kingdom Proxy data CESI Italy Proxy data ACORDE TECHNOLOGIES Spain Proxy data CGI IT UK Ltd United Kingdom Proxy data ACR Sweden Proxy data Cilas France Proxy data Active Space Technologies S.A. Portugal Proxy data Clemessy Switzerland Proxy data Advanced Computer Systems ACS SpA Italy Proxy data Clyde Space United Kingdom Proxy data AEA Technology United Kingdom Proxy data Cobham Gaisler AB Sweden Proxy data Airborne Aerospace BV Netherlands Proxy data COM DEV Europe Ltd United Kingdom Proxy data Almatech Switzerland Proxy data COMAT France Proxy data ALTA S.P.A Italy Proxy data Critical Software, S.A. Portugal Proxy data ALTER TECHNOLOGY TÜV NORD Italy Proxy data CSEM Switzerland

42 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 SURVEY INFORMATION

Data Data collection collection status Space Unit Country status Space Unit Country Proxy data CTI Systems S.A. Luxembourg Proxy data Iguassu Software Systems AS Czech Republic Proxy data Czech Space Alliance Czech Republic Proxy data IMEC Belgium Proxy data Dactem France Proxy data IMT Srl Italy Proxy data Damec Research Denmark Proxy data INSA Spain Proxy data DASSAULT Aviation France Proxy data Institute of Aviation Poland Proxy data Dataspazio Spa Italy Proxy data Intecs S.p.A. Italy Proxy data Design Manufacturing SPA Italy Proxy data Intespace France Proxy data DSI GmbH Germany Proxy data IRCA div. RICA Italy Proxy data e-Xstream engineering Belgium Proxy data ISIS - Innovative Solutions In Space BV Netherlands Proxy data e2v United Kingdom Proxy data Jena Optronik Germany Proxy data ECAPS Sweden Proxy data Jirotex Sweden Proxy data ELCA Switzerland Proxy data JOHANN MAIER GMBH Germany Proxy data Elektrobit Microwave Oy Finland Proxy data Kongsberg Defence Systems Norway Proxy data Enterprise Estonia Estonia Proxy data Kongsberg Spacetec Norway Proxy data ERA Technology United Kingdom Proxy data Lambda-X Belgium Proxy data ESR Technology Ltd. United Kingdom Proxy data Leica Microsystems Switzerland Proxy data ESYS United Kingdom Proxy data Leonardo SpA Italy Proxy data ETH (PnP Software) Switzerland Proxy data LIDAX Spain Proxy data Euro Heat Pipes Belgium Proxy data LogicaCMG Netherlands Proxy data Eurocryospace France Proxy data LUXSPACE Sarl Luxembourg Proxy data Europropulsion France Proxy data MAGNA STEYR Fahrzeugtechnik AG & Co KG Austria Proxy data Farran Technology Ltd Ireland Proxy data MAP France Proxy data GKM Aerospace United Kingdom Proxy data Microtecnica Italy Proxy data GKN Aerospace Sweden Proxy data Mililab Finland Proxy data Gomspace Sweden Proxy data Modulight, inc. Finland Proxy data GRADEL S.A. Luxembourg Proxy data Moog ISP Dublin Ireland Proxy data GTD France Proxy data MT-Sat UK United Kingdom Proxy data HE Space France Proxy data Nammo Raufoss Norway Proxy data HE Space Italy Proxy data Nanospace Sweden Proxy data HE Space Netherlands Proxy data NLR Netherlands Proxy data HE Space Poland Proxy data NUMA Engineering Services Ltd Ireland Proxy data HE Space Spain Proxy data NUMECA International Belgium Proxy data HE Space United Kingdom Proxy data Observatoire de Neuchâtel Switzerland Proxy data HE Space Operations GmbH Germany Proxy data OHB Sweden AB Sweden Proxy data Helbling Technik AG Switzerland Proxy data Omnisys Instruments Sweden Proxy data HITEC Luxembourg S.A. Luxembourg Proxy data Open Engineering Belgium Proxy data HPS GmbH Germany Proxy data Orbex United Kingdom Proxy data HSO Hungary Proxy data Origin Netherlands Proxy data HTS GmbH Germany Proxy data Patria Aviation Oy, Systems Finland Proxy data Ibérica del Espacio, S.A. Spain Proxy data Plansee Austria

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 43 SURVEY INFORMATION

Data Data collection collection status Space Unit Country status Space Unit Country Proxy data PLD-Space Spain Proxy data ST Microelectronics France Proxy data PLUG IN France Proxy data STEEL ELECTRONIQUE France Proxy data PO LAND SPACE SECTOR (GAP FILER) Poland Proxy data STT-SystemTechnik Germany Proxy data Polyflex United Kingdom Proxy data Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd United Kingdom Proxy data Progetti Speciali Italiani Srl Italy Proxy data Swedish Space Corporation Sweden Proxy data Prototech AS Norway Proxy data Syderal Switzerland Proxy data PyroAlliance France Proxy data Syrlinks France Proxy data QinetiQ United Kingdom Proxy data TE France Proxy data Radiall France Proxy data Techspace Aero Belgium Proxy data RAL United Kingdom Proxy data TECNALIA Spain Proxy data RHEA System S.A. Belgium Proxy data TECNOMARE S.p.A Italy Proxy data Rockwell Collins Deutschland Germany Proxy data Terahertz United Kingdom Proxy data Rovsing Denmark Proxy data THALES Germany Proxy data RST Radar Systemtechnik AG Switzerland Proxy data THALES AIRBORNE SYSTEMS France Proxy data SA Techlam France Proxy data THALES ALENIA SPACE BELGIUM Belgium Proxy data Saft France Proxy data THALES Communications & Security SAS France Proxy data SAGEM (Safran) France Proxy data THALES ELECTRON DEVICES SAS France Proxy data SCISYS Deutschland GmbH Germany Proxy data Thales Services SAS France Proxy data SCISYS UK Ltd United Kingdom Proxy data TICRA Denmark Proxy data SEA United Kingdom Proxy data TNO Netherlands Proxy data SELEX Galileo LTD United Kingdom Proxy data Trasys Belgium Proxy data Serco Belgium Proxy data TSS Innovationsprojekte GmbH Switzerland Proxy data Serco France Proxy data TTI Norte Spain Proxy data Serco Germany Proxy data UMS Semiconductor France Proxy data Serco Italy Proxy data UMS Semiconductor Germany Proxy data Serco Netherlands Proxy data VH&S Germany Proxy data Serco Spain Proxy data Vibro-Meter SA Switzerland Proxy data Serco United Kingdom Proxy data VTT Finland Proxy data SESO France Proxy data W.L.Gore & Associates GmbH Germany Proxy data Siemens AG Austria Austria Proxy data Xperion ACE Denmark Proxy data SIRA Technology United Kingdom Proxy data Xperion ACE Germany Proxy data Sistemi Software Integrati S.p.A. Italy Proxy data ZODIAC DATA SYSTEMS France Proxy data Skysoft Portugal Proxy data Soditech France The survey is only as good as the data available to Proxy data Sonaca Belgium populate the economic model. Proxy data Soterem France Companies support to the data collection is thus essential. Proxy data Space Engineering S.p.A. Italy We wish to express our thanks to all companies that have Proxy data SPACEBEL SA Belgium supported the survey this year. Proxy data Spectrogon Sweden Proxy data SPUR Electron Ltd United Kingdom

44 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 SURVEY RELEASE NOTES

RELEASE NOTES

LONG SERIES INFORMATION provide headcount previously). This has a negative impact in Dutch Long series are built by compiling data collected with three diferent employment in the order of 180. methodologies. 2017 / Netherlands: ATG-EUROPE was added to the model, with From 1991 to 1995 only a few types of customers and products a proxy which added about 200 FTE to employement perimetre in were considered. After 1996 the customer and products lists were the Netherlands area expanded in order to provide additional details. The following 2017 / Belgium: a deacrease in the space employement was noticed categories were introduced: in Belgium, due to a variation of 205 employement at SABCA- from For customers: 340 to 315 in 2017 The European Commission (in 1996): EC programmes can be 2016 / Italy & France : in 2016 Regulus personnel (working at managed directly by the EC (a small fraction of EC space budgets: Kourou) part of the AVIO consolidated reply was re-allocated to FP6 and FP7 activities for space research) or delegated to ESA for France (not Italy) resulting in a change of 100 FTE lost in Italy and implementation (the lumpy GMES, now Copernicus, and Galileo added to France. programmes). 2016 / Poland : in 2016, 28 Polish companies have been added to Eumetsat (in 2002): as with the EC, Eumetsat delegates all space the model. Impact on employment is in the order of +100 FTE. Final system procurement (the Meteosat programmes) to ESA, whereas sales have been sligthly impacted. it procures only ground segment activities directly from industry. 2015 / Sweden: in 2015, three more Swedish companies have been Civil multilateral programmes (from 2002 to 2008, now discontinued added, Jirotex, NanoSpace and ECAPS. Impact on employment is in - before, and after the data is included in National civil programmes). the order of +30FTE. Final sales have been sligthly impacted. Private satellite operators, other commercial satellites and parts, 2015 / Netherlands: An additional company, ISIS Innovative Arianespace, and other launcher sales—before the data was Solutions in Space, has been integrated to the survey perimeter bundled into one single category: commercial and exports. with negligible variation to final sales. Changes are in the order of For products: +50FTE for employment. Navigation systems (in 1996) - before the data was included in 2015 / France: As Thales Alenia Space’s employees located in telecommunications. Belgium and Spain have been included in TAS France’s response, a redistribution of employment data has been done for these Launcher development and Operational launcher systems (in 1996) countries since 2010. The impact is in the order of -400 FTE for - before all launcher activities were bundled together. France and +150 FTE for Belgium and Spain every year. About ground systems and services: 2015 / Belgium: Three new companies have been added to the Before 2009, all sales of professional ground stations (TT&C and model : V2i, LambdaX and Numeca with a very slight impact on data stations, control centres) and related services (such as ground both final sales and employment (+20FTE) segment operations) were included in the associated product category (telecoms, science, Earth observation, etc.). 2015 / Other countries: Eurospace has also gathered data about a new entity in Czech Republic, BBT Materials Processing with also a A major methodological update was performed in 2010 (i.e. applicable to 2009 data) that entailed some weak efect on final sales and employment. changes in the data series, and in particular: Military system sales are now counted separately from military For information related to previous year’s changes please customers sales. refer to previous editions of Eurospace facts and figures. All ground segment activities are clearly separated from the rest, this includes the sales of professional stations and control centre operations, as well as services to industry and agencies. In all long series, the data is harmonised to ensure continuity. PERIMETER CHANGES Tracking: When a new company is included or removed from the economic model we call this a perimeter change. Perimeter changes have an impact on figures since they may introduce a discontinuity with previous years. The details (and orders of magnitude) of these changes are provided below. 2017 / Spain: GTD is a spanish company providing services in Kourou at launch sites it has been added to the model this year, Eurospace collected data about this company which exists since 1987, the total impact on employement is below 100. 2017 / Netherland: the measurement of employment in the Dutch Space sector has been improved in 2017 with the fine identification of FTE count within a major Dutch company (that could only

_f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 45 46 _f&f // 23rd edition, June 2019 // The European space industry in 2018 CREDITS

Eurospace facts & figures is an annual survey by Eurospace. The survey is supported and monitored by Eurospace Space SURVEY CONCEPT, MANAGEMENT, SURVEY TOOLS, ECONOMIC Industry Markets Working Group chaired by Yann Gouy MODEL (ALL EDITIONS): (Airbus D&S) The survey would not be possible without the kind Pierre Lionnet cooperation of participating companies (see list inside). ADDITIONAL PROGRAMMING AND DATA VERIFICATION/ To all contributors: Thank you for your support! CONSOLIDATION ACTIVITIES (23RD EDITION): Cover image credits: The mercury rises for BepiColombo. Paul Brunet The Structural and Thermal Model of the BepiColombo DATA VERIFICATION/CONSOLIDATION ACTIVITIES (22ND EDITION): Mercury Transfer Module in the Large Space Simulator at ESA’s test centre in the Netherlands. The image was taken Nesrine Mezghrani on 20 February 2013 ahead of a 12-day Sun-simulation test ADDITIONAL PROGRAMMING AND DATA VERIFICATION/ that began 26 February. © by ESA CONSOLIDATION ACTIVITIES (20 & 21ST EDITIONS): Pierre Giordanengo ADDITIONAL PROGRAMMING AND DATA VERIFICATION/ CONSOLIDATION ACTIVITIES (19TH EDITION): Angel Cuellar ADDITIONAL PROGRAMMING AND DATA VERIFICATION/ CONSOLIDATION ACTIVITIES (18TH EDITION): Privin Mohan ADDITIONAL PROGRAMMING, GRAPHS AND CONSOLIDATION (17TH & 18TH EDITION): Jean-Charles Treuet SUPPORT TO PUBLISHING AND EDITING (17TH EDITION): Ippei Folliot TRANSITION TO NEW METHODOLOGY AND ADDITIONAL PROGRAMMING (14TH EDITION), GRAPHS AND CONSOLIDATION (16TH EDITION): Paul-André Perrier ADDITIONAL PROGRAMMING (15TH EDITION): Sébastien Moranta OVERVIEW A specialised strategic sector

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