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Tiburones Y Rayas De Colombia (Pisces Elasmobranchii): Lista Actualizada, Revisada Y Comentada

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Tiburones Y Rayas De Colombia (Pisces Elasmobranchii): Lista Actualizada, Revisada Y Comentada Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost. 36 111-149 ISSN 0122-9761 Santa Marta, Colombia, 2007 TIBURONES Y RAYAS DE COLOMBIA (PISCES ELASMOBRANCHII): LISTA ACTUALIZADA, REVISADA Y COMENTADA Paola A. Mejía-Falla1, Andrés F. Navia1, Luz M. Mejía-Ladino2, Arturo Acero P.3 y Efraín A. Rubio4 1 Fundación Colombiana para la Investigación y Conservación de Tiburones y Rayas (SQUALUS), Cra. 79 No. 6 – 37, Cali, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] (PAM); [email protected] (AFN) 2 Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (INVEMAR), Sede Pacífico - Museo de Historia Natural Marina de Colombia (MHNMC), A.A. 6713 No. 36, Cali, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales/CECIMAR, Cerro Punta Betín (INVEMAR), Santa Marta, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Universidad del Valle, Sección de Biología Marina, A.A. 2188, Cali, Colombia. E-mail: erubio@univalle. edu.co RESUMEN Se realizó una revisión de las especies de tiburones y rayas registradas para aguas marinas y continentales de Colombia, encontrando un total de 176 especies (88 de cada grupo). De éstas, 63 especies de tiburones y 58 de rayas han sido confirmadas a través de fotografías, videos y colecciones, y las restantes han sido registradas solamente en referencias bibliográficas. Este inventario se encuentra representado en 69 géneros (36 de tiburones y 33 de rayas) y en 34 familias (20 y 14, respectivamente). Se destacan cuatro especies nuevas y 20 registros nuevos para aguas colombianas en los últimos 25 años. Especímenes de seis especies están depositados en museos internacionales pero no poseen referencia bibliográfica de soporte. Se incluye el número de catálogo del material colombiano depositado en colecciones de referencia nacional e internacional y de colecciones de imágenes, así como el número de referencias bibliográficas colombianas existentes sobre las especies encontradas. Finalmente, se hacen comentarios taxonómicos y/o sistemáticos de algunos taxas del grupo. PALABRAS CLAVE: Elasmobranquios, Taxonomía, Caribe, Pacífico, Aguas continentales, Colombia. ABSTRACT Check lists of the species of sharks, rays and skates (Pisces: Elasmobranchii) registered in Colombian waters. A revision of the species of sharks, skates and rays registered for the marine and continental waters of Colombia was carried out; a total of 176 species (88 sharks and 88 batoids) were found. Of these, 63 species of sharks and 58 of skates and rays have been confirmed through photographic records and biological collections, and the remaining has only been supported by bibliographical references. This inventory includes 69 Contribución No. 985 del Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras – INVEMAR y No. 303 del Centro de Estudios en Ciencias del Mar – CECIMAR de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR 111 genera (36 sharks and 33 batoids) and 34 families (20 sharks and 14 batoids). Four new species and 20 new reports for Colombian waters have been published in the last 25 years. Six species are deposited in internationals museums but have not appeared in the scientific literature. The number of Colombian material cataloged and deposited in national and international biological collections and collections of images is also included, as well as the amount of existent Colombian bibliographical references on each species. Taxonomic and systematic comments of some groups which validity is discussed are made. KEY WORDS: Elasmobranchs, Taxonomy, Caribbean, Pacific, Continental waters, Colombia. INTRODUCCIÓN La investigación marina en Colombia es bastante joven (no sobrepasa los 40 años), comparada no sólo con la de los países desarrollados, sino también con la que se realiza en los países adyacentes, que en muchos casos es el resultado de un proceso científico inciado hace más de un siglo. Lo poco que se conocía acerca de la biodiversidad marina de Colombia hasta comienzos de la década de 1970, era producto de la esporádica actividad investigativa realizada por científicos foráneos y de expediciones oceanográficas emprendidas por instituciones extranjeras en aguas colombianas. Es indudable que existe un progreso significativo en el conocimiento de la biodiversidad marina colombiana en los últimos años, pero aún está muy distante la posibilidad de tener una visión general e integral, a una escala adecuada, de la biodiversidad de los mares, costas y aguas continentales colombianas y de los patrones espacio-temporales que la determinan. En el caso de la biodiversidad íctica marina y dulceacuícola, este análisis demuestra que los inventarios de los elasmobranquios se encuentran desactualizados, lo que hace necesario renovarlos permanentemente; y aunque esto no garantiza conocer a ciencia cierta el número de especies presentes en una determinada zona, si permite saber cuáles presentan soporte de confirmación. Con este manuscrito, los autores confirman que la diversidad de este grupo en algunos sectores del país, como el Pacífico y ciertas regiones continentales, es aún poco conocida a pesar de su importancia económica y ecológica, y la mayoría de los trabajos revisados sólo incluyen especies de aguas someras, sin tener en cuenta las de profundidad que se han identificado en los últimos años en aguas colombianas. Los primeros trabajos relacionados con elasmobranquios en nuestro país fueron los estudios científicos de Posada (1909), seguidos del trabajo desarrollado por Dahl (1964) con los peces cartilaginosos de la bahía de Cispatá y del estuario del río Sinú. De ahí en adelante se han realizado más de 50 trabajos en Colombia con énfasis en este grupo o alguna(s) especie(s) que lo conforman, incluyendo los dos últimos listados de las especies de elasmobranquios de Colombia (Mercado, 1990; Mantilla, 1998). Estos listados se encuentran desactualizados, y por ende, surge la necesidad de ingresar los nuevos conocimientos realizados en los últimos 15 años. Por lo anterior, éste manuscrito presenta una lista comentada de las especies de tiburones y rayas conocidas a la fecha en Colombia, el cual se une al reciente interés nacional 112 Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - Vol. 36 - 2007 de conocer los recursos ícticos del país, ya sea para fines pesqueros o de conservación. Se incluyen, de este modo, algunas anotaciones que pretenden modificar las listas originales y se hacen comentarios de algunas de las especies cuando presentan problemas taxonómicos y/o sistemáticos. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS En primer lugar, se consultaron durante aproximadamente dos años las bibliotecas y centros de documentación de distintas entidades del país (Fundación Omacha, Fundación Squalus, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras “José Benito Vives de Andreis” - INVEMAR, Ministerio del Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial - MAVDT, Unidad Administrativa Especial del Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales - UAESPNN, Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Javeriana Sede Bogotá, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano Sedes Bogotá y Santa Marta, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede San Andrés y Universidad del Valle) para reunir información de registros de elasmobranquios marinos y dulceacuícolas contenidos en diferentes referencias nacionales e internacionales, incluyendo la literatura gris encontrada. Durante este mismo período, se visitaron algunas colecciones de instituciones y universidades del país, con el fin de examinar las especies y confirmar su registro, a saber: Colecciones de Docencia: UJTL - Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano Sede Santa Marta (Rodadero), UNSSA - Universidad Nacional Sede San Andrés (San Andrés) y el MJHN - Museo Javeriano de Historia Natural (Bogotá); Colecciones de Referencia: CIRUV - Universidad del Valle (Cali y Buenaventura), PNNG - Colección Biológica Marina de Referencia de la Estación Biológica “Henry von Prahl” Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona (Isla Gorgona), IavH-P - Colección del Instituto Alexander von Humboldt (Villa de Leyva) y el ICN-MHN – Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá); Museos: ICMN - Museo Departamental de Ciencias Naturales “Federico Carlos Lehman” (Cali) e INV PEC - Museo de Historia Natural Marina de Colombia – MHNMC – Sección Peces (Santa Marta). De igual manera, se revisaron las fotografías y videos de la Colección de Imágenes de la Fundación SQUALUS – CIFS (Cali), con el fin de confirmar la presencia de algunas especies en aguas colombianas. Además, se consultaron los catálogos electrónicos de algunos museos internacionales encontrando ejemplares colombianos en: AMNH - American Museum of Natural History (Washington), BMNH - The Natural History Museum (London), CAS - California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco), FLMNH - Florida Museum of Natural History (Gainesville), GCRL - Gulf Center Research Laboratory (Ocean Springs, USA), MNHN - Museum National d`Histoire Naturelle (París), NRM - Swedish Museum of Natural History (Suecia), SIO - Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California (San Diego) y USNM - National Museum of Natural History (Washington). De acuerdo a los soportes encontrados, las especies citadas en este trabajo se agruparon en dos Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR 113 grupos y cinco categorías: el primero, compuesto por las ESPECIES CONFIRMADAS, es decir, especies presentes en colecciones nacionales (Categoría A), especies presentes en colecciones extranjeras (Categoría B), y especies con registros fílmicos y/o fotográficos (Categoría
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