Meeting Report

MEETING REPORT

September 2015

Contents

What is IGC?...... 3 What is ArmIGF? ...... 4 ArmIGF 2015 Milestones ...... 5 ArmIGF 2015 Sponsors ...... 5 ArmIGF 2015 Program ...... 6 Opening Keynotes...... 7 Opening Keynotes...... 8 Opening Keynotes...... 9 Multi-stakeholder model of Internet Governance for Armenia ...... 10 .հայ Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) for Armenia ...... 10 Universal Acceptance: Recent Achievements ...... 11 Digital Public Library of Armenia: a Dream or a Reality ...... 11 Internet of Things - Big Data and Big Opportunities for Economies ...... 13 ICANN accountability and IANA transition ...... 13 New Media ...... 14 Round Table ...... 16 Network Neutrality ...... 18 E-Tools for E-Society (Applications) ...... 20 Children Safety on the Internet ...... 22 Problems of the National Research and Education Network (NREN) ...... 23 Intellectual Property Rights and Free Access to Internet Resources ...... 24 The impact of Internet on further development of Armenian SMEs ...... 25 Content ...... 26 Cybersecurity ...... 28 Participation...... 30 Feedback from Participants ...... 31 ArmIGF 2015 Budget ...... 32 Media Coverage ...... 33 Acknowledgment ...... 33

What is IGC?

The Internet Governance Council of the Republic of Armenia (IGC) is founded by the Government of the Republic of Armenia in order to develop proposals and suggestions as well as contribute to the solutions for Internet governance related issues in the Republic of Armenia. The official website is http://igc.am/

IGC is a Multi-stakeholder advisory body including members from Government, Civil Society, Private Sector, Technical Community and Academia. The Chair of IGC is the Deputy Minister of Transport and Communication and the Secretariat is the Internet Society of Armenia.

Aimed at solving the Internet governance issues the IGC has the following functions:

1) Organizing discussions on global Internet Governance Forum (IGF) issues, Internet Governance principles, challenges arising as a result of Internet development. Development of approaches based on the discussions, their inclusion in the project proposals for the Government of the Republic of Armenia, come forward with draft legislative proposals and other legal acts.

2) Cooperation with the Secretariat of the global IGF, provision of current approaches of the IGC, organizing of discussions adapting these approaches and proposals on changing or developing new legal acts.

3) Organizing public hearings, regarding the approaches of Internet governance proposed by international or intergovernmental bodies in order to form approaches of the Republic of Armenia on their basis and presenting them in corresponding international or regional bodies where the IGC also participates.

4) Providing suggestions and comments of the IGC to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia on issues considered in other international or regional organizations.

5) Facilitating the participation of IGC representatives in the Internet Governance Forum, providing the guidelines of the official approach of the IGC.

6) Facilitating the exchange of best practices among academic, scientific and technical centers and implementation of this experience.

7) Providing consultations to all Departments of the Government of the Republic of Armenia on issues of current and coming worldwide development of Internet.

8) Provision of public information to the Armenian Internet community on emerging issues related to the Internet development.

9) Promoting the development of human capacity to manage the Internet usage with the involvement of the potential of local experts.

What is ArmIGF?

The Armenian Internet Governance Forum (ArmIGF) is a national IGF initiative organized by the Multi Stakeholder Internet Governance Council of the Republic of Armenia with the support of the Ministry of Transport and Communication of the Republic of Armenia and the Internet Society of Armenia.

The main objectives of the forum are:

• to provide an open and transparent platform for all stakeholder groups • to bring up and discuss the Internet governance related issues • to give the floor to the wide community • to deliver the messages to the policy makers

The members of the Organizational Committee are:

N Name, Title Stakeholder Group 1. Gagik Tadevosyan Deputy Minister of Transport and Communication of RA, Government IGC Chair, ArmIGF OrgCommittee Co-Chair 2. Gagik Grigoryan Head of the Staff at the Government Ministry of Transport and Communication of RA 3. Igor Mkrtumyan Internet Society of Armenia President, Civil Society ArmIGF OrgCommittee Co-Chair 4. Grigori Saghyan Civil Society Internet Society of Armenia Vice President, IGC Secretary 5. Lianna Galstyan Civil Society Internet Society of Armenia Board Member, IGC PR Officer 6. Hayk Chobanyan Business UITE Deputy Director 7. Vladimir Sahakyan Academia Director of IIAP National Academy of Sciences of RA 8. Vahan Hovsepyan Technical ARMIX Foundation Director Community 9. Tigran Harutyunyan Mass Media Noyan Tapan News Agency 10. Samvel Martirosyan New Media iDitord Expert

ArmIGF 2015 Milestones

The decision to organize the first Armenian IGF in September was made on March 18, 2015 by the Internet Governance Council of the Republic of Armenia.

It was suggested to set up a website and publish the topics agreed by IGC members as well as envisage opportunity to add topics proposed by community.

In May 2015, the website http://armigf.am/ was launched and voting process for the best and most interesting topics was announced. The announcement was sent through ISOC members' mailing list, Union of IT Enterprises mailing list, through Mass Media and Social Networks.

Based on the voting results closed on June 10, the Program Group within the OrgCommittee prepared the draft agenda and started the work on inviting panelists, moderators, rapporteurs, plenary session presenters. The Committee worked on funding necessary to organize the event, contacted to the Internet Society for livestream availability and to the IGF Secretariat for providing remote participation.

ArmIGF 2015 Sponsors

The Sponsors of ArmIGF 2015 are:

Platinum Gold Silver

ArmIGF 2015 Program

ArmIGF 2015 took place on September 7-8, 2015 in Yerevan, Armenia. Being the first IGF in the country, it was aimed to be a capacity-building event, as well as a space for discussions on Internet governance issues, challenges and define the way forward .

The theme of the forum was "Multistakeholder Approach to the National Internet Governance". It was a one-and-half-day event with plenary and parallel panel sessions program.

Program

Day 1, Monday, September 7, 2015 Day 2, Monday, September 8, 2015

09:00 Registration 09:00 Registration 09:30 Opening Keynotes PLENARY SESSIONS PLENARY SESSIONS 09:30 Children Safety on the Internet 10:00 Multi-stakeholder model of 09:55 Problems of the National Internet Governance for Armenia Research and Education Network

10:30 .հայ Internationalized (NREN)

Domain Name for Armenia 10:20 Intellectual Property Rights and 11:00 Coffee Break Free Access to Internet Resources 11:30 Universal Acceptance: 10:45 The impact of Internet on further Recent Achievements development of Armenian SMEs 12:00 Digital Public Library of Armenia: 11:10 Coffee Break a Dream or a Reality PANEL SESSIONS 12:20 Internet of Things 11:30 Content; Big Data and Big Opportunities Cybersecurity for Economies 13:00 Conclusions and Final Remarks

12:40 ICANN accountability and 13:30 Lunch

IANA transition 13:00 Lunch PANEL SESSIONS 14:00 New Media; Round Table 15:30 Coffee Break 16:00 Network Neutrality; E-Tools for E-Society

Opening Keynotes

Gagik Tadevosyan Deputy Minister of Transport and Communication

Mr. Gagik Tadevosyan opened the first Armenian IGF. He mentioned the main topics of interest for the Forum and underlined the importance of the existing multistakholder approach in Armenia; the high level of freedom of expression in Internet in Armenia; the full 3G coverage in the Republic of Armenia; the rich history of IT development in Armenia; the linkage between the old and new generations of IT specialists as well as the importance of implementation of .հայ Armenian IDN.

Igor Mkrtumyan ISOC Armenia President

Mr. Igor Mkrtumyan mentioned the distinctive opportunity of IGF to represent the challenges of Internet Governance within the country. He also highlighted the importance of integrating and implementing the multi-stakeholder model.

Opening Keynotes

Fadi Chehadé ICANN President and CEO

In his video-message Mr. Fadi Chehadé told that it is very important day as the Armenian IGF is bringing the community people together to advance the work of Internet governance and ICANN and all things related to making the digital economy and the digital society serve the people of Armenia.

He congratulated on the gathering and recognized the people of Armenia that have been very active in the community.

He also expressed his pleasure concerning the signing Memorandum of Understanding between ISOC Armenia and ICANN in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He expressed his regard to the commitment of ISOC Armenia to the Internet that is open and serving all people of Armenia.

Mr. Chehadé congratulated ISOC Armenia being the first to present a full proposal on using the Armenian script in the global domain name system. He also mentioned that being a representative of a small Coptic community having its own script, he deeply appreciates the importance what ISOC Armenia is doing for the Armenian people for maintaining the beautiful script and language that have united Armenians so many years.

He wished a success to the event, assured in ICANN’s support and said that he looks forward for the success of the deployment of the Armenian script in the Internet domain name system.

Opening Keynotes

Frédéric Donck Internet Society European Regional Bureau Director

Mr. Frédéric Donck in his recorded welcome speech stressed the importance of IGF and congratulated ISOC Armenia with the event. He indicated the role and mission of the Internet Society as a global movement, an open platform for communities creating opportunities of solutions.

Mr. Donck told that the world is facing immense challenges, refugees, lack of confidence and distrust between communities, political and social problems.

The Internet has the ability to bring people together to discuss problems and find solutions. The Internet itself is facing many challenges and threats like security, censorship, Internet of Things and net neutrality. He welcomed that all these issues will be discussed at the Armenian IGF.

He also mentioned that no single community, no single stakeholder can bring solutions to those issues. Only the collaborative governance might generate solutions. The ISOC Armenia proved that it believes in the value of a multistakeholder approach to the Internet governance. The Internet governance ecosystem including IANA transition will be further discussed at the WCIT conference at the end of 2015.

Mr. Donck wished a very fruitful discussion at the Armenian IGF.

Multi-stakeholder model of Internet Governance for Armenia

Grigori Saghyan ISOC Armenia VP IGC Secretary

Mr. Saghyan reported about the Multi- stakeholder Internet Governance Council of Armenia, the history of its formation, members selection principles, its ruling mechanism, principles, members, structure, goals and activity in general.

.հայ Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) for Armenia

Lianna Galstyan ISOC Armenia Board Member Armenian IDN Initiative Group Member

Ms. Galstyan told the audience about the Armenian IDN .հայ, the history of community discussion and application period, the purpose and benefits of it, who may be the Users of Armenian IDN.

She also represented details on the Sunrise procedure, Registration Policy as well as the

Perspectives of .հայ Armenian IDN.

Universal Acceptance: Recent Achievements

Dušan Stojičević Serbian National Internet Domain Registry Chair

Mr. Stojičević represented the situation of IDN in the world, the problems in regards with the e-mail addresses in national scripts other than Latin scripts, the works done so far. He also invited those who are interested in and capable of finding solutions to IDN Universal Acceptance to join the corresponding working group and make any contribution.

Digital Public Library of Armenia: a Dream or a Reality

Tigran Zargaryan National Library of Armenia Director

Mr. Zargaryan reported about the situation with digitalization of Armenian libraries. He underlined the importance of existing traditional libraries, implementation of modern information management in Armenian libraries.

He also called the attention of the community to the fact that Armenia's libraries, archives, museums, Matenadaran and the Holy City chancellery and library store an enormous amount of material, most of which /archival collections, manuscripts, museum exhibits/ most of which are unique. The nation's values and heritage, most of which are an integral part of world's cultural memory was accumulated in these institutions over the centuries. Their long-term preservation, as well as making available to end users is a matter of primary importance. Most of these printed and handwritten materials can be considered as "endangered collections", as temperature and humidity fluctuations, time and fungal diseases have their negative impact on

11 their physical integrity. Today the whole world is using digitization by high quality copying of materials (mainly TIFF format scanning) for a long-term preservation. Access to materials is usually provided by lower quality images (JPEG or PDF format) placed on the Internet. But there is one major problem, high-quality images require a lot of memory. In case of millions of images exabyte-scale memory farms will be necessary. This is possible in case of availability of supercomputer center.

Armenian library community had already started the digitization of printed heritage and making it available on the Internet.

A total number of pages of "The Book" and "The Press" databases are approaching 3 million. Armenia is connected to the outside world by fiber optic cables passing through Georgia in a close proximity. Given the current instability in the region it is unsecure and might bring in case of emergency to the isolation of Armenia from the global Internet. Software and content creator individuals have a clear understanding of commercial models of intellectual property. However the public is not aware of "creative communities" model, which is widely practiced in many countries. "Open Access" model and the "Open / Free source software" awareness is very low.

Recommendations:

1. There is a need to create a data processing center equipped with devices providing the continuation of work in case of emergency situation. Government ministries will be allocated memory quotas a long-term protection of their data. Zettabyte memory farms are required for that. 2. Armenia should have an alternative connection to the global Internet. 3. Increase the awareness of the local developers in the commercial models of intellectual properties. Work with intellectual property agency to give to the local "Creative Communities" a legal force. Develop appropriate legislation.

Internet of Things - Big Data and Big Opportunities for Economies

Vahan Hovsepyan ARMIX Foundation Director

Mr. Hovsepyan presented the current situation with the Internet of Things (IoT), underlined the existing problems with the implementation of IoT in general and particularly in Armenia.

Recommendations: 1. Increase awareness of the community about the impact of the IoT on the everyday life. 2. Increase the IPv6 readiness of LIRs and local ISPs. 3. Organize training courses on the technical solutions emerged because of the IoT.

ICANN accountability and IANA transition

Michael Yakushev ICANN VP Stakeholder Engagement

Mr. Michael Yakushev paid special attention to the digital governance saying that no one person, government, organization, or company governs the digital infrastructure, economy or society. Digital governance is achieved through the collaboration of Multistakeholder experts acting through polycentric communities, institutions, and platforms, across national, regional, and global spheres. He also described the mission and role of ICANN as a non-for-profit organization keeping the Internet secure, stable and interoperable, maintaining the databases that ensure the uniqueness of Internet identifiers, advocating the multistakeholder model, which is community-based consensus-driven approach to policy-making, and running the Internet domain name system. He paid special attention to the roles of NTIA (US government), ICANN, and IANA. Speaking about IANA transition Mr. Yakushev highlighted the current situation, post- transition IANA, number proposals and protocol parameters overview.

New Media

The rapid development of the Internet, its diversity and dynamic changes led to the creation of the New media, where the importance is not only given to the content, but also to the participation of society in the creation and distribution of the content. The concept of the New media is rapidly developing and continuously changing in contrast to "old", traditional medias.

The fact, that the content is created by the The rapid development of society of Internet users, that an individual can the Internet, its diversity and become a media, that a trustworthy person can be anonymous and other similar circumstances dynamic changes led to the make this sphere hard set, as well as difficult to creation of the New media, regulate. In analogical situations it is very where the importance is not important to discover, discuss and give probable solutions to the problems of the New media. only given to the content, but also to the participation Questions discussed during the Session: of society in the creation and distribution of the content. • The influence of the new media on traditional press. Positive and negative developments. • How do the Mass Media Law and other RA laws deal with the problems arising in new media? • International experience. What solutions are there about regulating the new media. • How do the human rights and national security deal with the anonymity in the sphere of new media and detection of sources.

Panelists:

Keynote speaker: Boris Navasardyan, President, Yerevan Press Club

Key participants:

• Samvel Martirosyan, New Media Expert • Tigran Kocharyan, Information Security Specialist • Seda Muradyan, IWPR Director • Movses Hakobyan, SecDev Foundation

Moderator: Samvel Martirosyan, New Media Expert Rapporteur: Lusine Movsisyan, Journalist

Key messages:

1. Mass Media is an old-fashioned notion. Now, it is more accurate to use the term Mass Information Disseminator that can be natural and/or legal person.

2. The rapid development of technological problems arise because the legal system does not manage to fix timely what the new media does.

3. Coordination of comments for the media assumes certain costs, due to which it is possible that some of the media disable commenting.

4. The activation of public journalism brings with it a number of problems: inaccurate information, spread of disinformation by fake accounts, detour from important topics.

5. Media literacy is a must for children from an early age to ensure the safety of children on the Internet.

Round Table

A round table discussion was conducted with Governmental, Civil Society, Technical sector The model of Armenian representatives from different countries (Armenia, Multistakeholder Russia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Serbia, Belgium, Internet Australia) where the Deputy Minister of Transport and Communication of Armenia Mr. Gagik Governance Tadevosyan represented the Armenian initiative on establishment of permanent Council on Internet Council governance. It was told that the Council is a can be applied in the Multistakeholder and it functions based on the neighboring countries of the Internet Governance principles adopted by the Region. Prime Minister of Armenia.

It was extensively discussed whether it is possible to apply such experience of multistakeholder cooperation in other countries as well, what then would be the outcome and benefit of its activity, how they can be coordinated and share the best practices.

Participants:

• Gagik Tadevosyan, Deputy Minister of Transport and Communication of RA, IGC Chair • Arman Galstyan, Chief Specialist, Ministry of Transport and Communication of RA • Michael Yakushev, VP Stakeholder Engagement, ICANN • Siranush Vardanyan, ICANN, APRALO Chair • Luna Madi, ICANN, Communications Director, EMEA • Maarit Palovirta, Internet Society, European Regional Affairs Manager • Holly Rache, ICANN ALAC ALT, ISOC Australia • Lianna Galstyan, ISOC Armenia Board Member • Grigori Saghyan, ISOC Armenia VP • Vladimer Svanadze, ISOC Georgia • Ucha Seturi, ISOC Georgia • Aleksandr Isavnin, The Open Net NGO • Aleksandr Semenyaka, The Open Net NGO • Dusan Stojicevic, RNIDS, Serbia • Yulia Elanskaya, Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of RF • Anton Baskov, Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of RF • Tattugul Mambetalieva, Civil Initiative on Internet Policy, Kyrgyzstan

Key messages:

1. It is suggested to establish an entity similar to Armenian Multi-Stakeholder Internet Governance Council in the neighboring countries and in the Region. In such structures there is an opportunity to carry out a direct link between the authorities and the business, bypassing the bureaucratic barriers.

2. The establishment of Multi-Stakeholder entities is expedient provided narrowing the fields of their activities and providing more specifics. In addition to increasing the activity in specific fields of such structures in the Region, it is necessary to choose non-politicized subject matters that will be common for all parties.

3. Common and non-politicized subject matters for the countries in the Region can be considered the issue of education, identification of users, terminology, in particular "information security" and "cyber-security" with certain reservations, online casinos activities, betting and other gambling systems, etc.

4. It is advisable to consider a number of issues within the National Entities on IGF, but there may be such issues which should be considered in the framework of global IGF.

5. Due to some structural peculiarities in some countries of the Region the establishment of Multi-Stakeholder entity can be initiated not necessarily only through bottom-up mechanism.

Network Neutrality

The sessions represents the concept of Network Neutrality, which has no clear and precise definition by telecommunication regulatory authorities. A broad understanding of Net Neutrality supposes that all Internet protocols have the same priority, they are all equal.

This means, that in the channels with low capacity the protocols will transfer the information with the same problems – the video will be stuck, the voice will be cut, the characters of games will be killed. Generally, International Telecommunication Union ITU does not refer to the definition of the concept, moreover, ITU contradistinguish the concept of Network Neutrality with the concept of Service Quality and consistently demands and provide quality standards set for network.

The development of the Internet led to the fact, that operators has taken the role of the pipe, nowadays, by which other companies provide their Over the Top services, such as Facebook, Google, Viber, and gain huge income, that is not shared with the operators.

In the RA the law does not provide any distinction between telecommunication services, all are called Electronic communications services. But according to the current practice, voice services are called ''voice communications'' or ''voice services e. 164 numbering plan'', which are missing in current law.

Voice services provided by Internet are regulated only with one document - to ensure the required free peering between Internet service providers. The Law defines another category for telecommunications on the basis of reciprocity, when the volume of minutes is compared and a mutual settlement is done.

Among the European countries The Netherlands defined the Network Neutrality by Law, FCC announced that will regulate this issue in USA and in some counties it is being discussed. Armenia confirmed the network neutrality principles on governmental level, what needs legislative and regulatory changes for implementation of the NN principles.

Questions discussed during the Session:

• How do RA operators prepare to act in case of spread OTT services? • How does PSRC plan to regulate OTT services? Does it really plan? • Are the interconnections between local operators and Viber, Skype OTT service providers legal? • Is it possible to unite concepts of peering and interconnection?

• How can the Internet exchange point(s) provide the necessary volume without being in the regulatory field? What criteria the traffic exchange point(s) should be guided by, to ensure uninterrupted recording of e. 164 protocol voice services? • What should be done to ensure the use of the principle of network neutrality in cellular networks?

Panelists:

Keynote speaker: Holly Raiche, ICANN ALAC ALT Key participants: • Armen Ghalumyan, Cullent International, Telecoms Analyst • Thomas Mazejian, Information Systems Department Manager, K-Telecom CJSC (VivaCell-MTS) • Armen Muradyan, Arpinet LLC Director • Tigran Khachatryan, PSRC Leading Specialist • Aleksandr Isavnin, The Open Net NGO

Moderator: Grigori Saghyan, ISOC AM VP, IGC Secretary Rapporteur: Misak Khachatryan, GNC Alfa Administrator

Key messages:

1. Current approach on Telecom Single market includes following items: Free and neutral internet should be available to everyone, regardless of place and services; Every type of traffic should be equal, regardless of content and nature; Traffic engineering should be transparent; No traffic should be blocked, rate limited, except law enforcement; Personal data and security should not be violated; National security service should be able to put some restrictions; Customer contract violation countermeasures. 2. ISPs should spend money to improve infrastructure leading them to irreversible financial losses. 3. Zero rating is price discrimination which is net neutrality violation. 4. ITU should provide new frequency ranges for mobile operators to ensure network neutrality. 5. Largest Armenian mobile operator revenue decreases from 5% to 7%, though they spend 20-25 mln USD for the infrastructure development (2.2. mln mobile users). 6. Main OTT players do not have any interest to communicate with local mobile operators. 7. Armenian telecom regulator considers that OTT service provider licensing is not under their regulation.

E-Tools for E-Society (Applications)

Since 1990s, we are talking about digital economy based on the Internet. Since then Internet has been transformed from millions of interconnected computers to the virtual world of mobile and electronic devices. In modern world the physical and the digital are paired with each other, as people and organizations are becoming more and more interconnected.

Digital development is considered to be the main engine of social and economic development. It is everywhere. Digital development boosts innovations, increases productivity, develops economy in general. It annually creates economic result in the size of hundreds of billions of dollars, new jobs, enhances the quality of life in society. It is considered that the increase of digitization of the country by 14% leads to an increase in the gross national product by 1%.

Electronic tools and digital technologies revolutionize businesses and jobs, radically change business models Digital development boosts and breaking down barriers. The best examples are innovations, increases the VoIP technologies and e-commerce. Amazon productivity, develops within 10 years increased the sales for 16 times from 3 billion to 48 billion. Digitalization facilitates economy in general. It outsourcing. More and more organizations are annually creates economic interested in transferring their non-core services to other organizations with more experience in this area. result in the size of hundreds of billions of dollars, new It is necessary to continue efforts to introduce e- jobs, enhances the quality of services and e-governance, in order to become more efficient. For the successful promotion it is necessary life in society. to develop certain principles to define goals, priorities, use native language, technical standards and other events.

Panelists:

Keynote speaker: Hayk Chobanyan, Deputy Director, UITE Key participants: • Ali Almeshal, ISOC Bahrain Chapter • Arman Atoyan, Founder, Director, X-TECH • Armen Manukyan, Masis company • Arman Poghosyan, Instigate • Armen Nazaryan, ISOC AM Manager of Blinds Program

Moderator: Hayk Chobanyan, Deputy Director, UITE Rapporteur: Anna Karakhanyan, ISOC AM Board Member

Key messages:

1. Information technologies have a tremendous role in the development of the State. 2. Some international electronic payment systems are not yet established in Armenia, such as Paypal. It is necessary to open up this issue on the state level and develop the alternatives. 3. The state and the business should come together to solve problems and create new infrastructure. 4. It is necessary to promote the development and use of internal resources in Armenian language. 5. In Armenia the supply exceeds the demand, the society is not yet ready to comprehend and use the new electronic gadgets. It is necessary to educate the people, using all possibilities: media, television, educational centers. 6. In order to implement electronic commerce it is necessary to have reliable, secure and safe payment systems.

Children Safety on the Internet

Narine Khachatryan Safer Internet Armenia

Ms. Khachatryan reported about the work done by the Safer Internet Armenia during the last years, which includes:

2011 - Child-specific and educational e- content developed, internet and media literacy lessons organized

2012 - Over 15 000 children took part in Safer Internet workshops, covering 70 % of Armenia’s schools, over 15 000 children through open lessons across 800 schools 2013 - 4th and 5th Armenian editions of the Introduction to Internet Governance Book of DiploFoundation produced with support from ISOC Armenia 2013-2014 - 7 delegates, including 2 school children took part in ICANN meetings (Beijing, Singapore, London) 2015 - over 120 Armenian schools joined European eSafety label Program Safe.AM - ArmNet Awards 2015 nominee in the category of "Social Impact"

Recommendations:

1. Create child specific online content and services 2. Increase awareness and empowerment 3. Increase digital / media literacy in education 4. Develop tools and self-regulation for online safe environment 5. Work out legislation and law enforcement against child sexual abuse and exploitation

Problems of the National Research and Education Network (NREN)

Vladimir Sahakyan IIAP NAS RA Director

Mr. Sahakyan presented the Academic Scientific Research Computer Network of Armenia (ASNET-AM), which is the National Research and Education Network (NREN) of Armenia. ASNET-AM functions as a joint structure of several networking centers and departments within the IIAP NAS RA. ASNET- AM is a leading developer of Clustering technologies and Scientific GRID infrastructure in Armenia and South Caucasus Region. It implemented several projects like ArmCluster, SEE-GRID-SCI, HP-SEE, Black Sea

Interconnection, EGIInSPIRE, GN3plus. It also manages the Armenia-GÉANT Link.

ASNET-AM closely cooperates with GÉANT and provides the following services: Eduroam the world-wide roaming access service EduGAIN the service that interconnects identity federations around the world, simplifying access to content, services and resources for the global research and education community EduPKI the service that aims to support other GÉANT services in defining their security requirements and to provide them with digital certificates EduConf provides collaboration environment that will be easily accessible to research and academic end-users

Mr. Sahakyan named problems that hinder the advance of the Armenian NREN: • Unreliable and low bandwidth fiber-optic lines in Yerevan and outside • Unreliable and non powerful servers and network devices • Difficulties on the replacement of equipment in connection with the increase in traffic • External security (hacking attacks, the abduction and destruction of data) • Internal security (viruses, certificates) • Failure Recovery • AC power failures

Recommendations:

1. Minimize the traffic between nodes through optimal allocation of network servers and creation of alternative paths 2. Virtualize servers and communication devices 3. Create an Administrators group, similar to CSIRT 4. Fast recovery of images from storages on virtual machines 5. Install the a powerful AC power generator, energy-saving equipment, Green Technology 23

Intellectual Property Rights and Free Access to Internet Resources

Sarkis Knyazyan Intellectual Property Rights Center of Armenia IPRC

Mr. Knyazyan talked about Intellectual property rights issues in Armenia. One of his key messages was the balanced approach to the freedom of Internet and protection of Intellectual Property rights.

His key message addressed to the community was: Do we promote the Progress of Science, Useful Arts and provide incentives to creators, if e.g.

• we protect inventions by patents? • we protect software for more than 100 years? • we publish patents? • we protect statues, laws and contracts? • we protect movies, music, software, • we protect the source code of “copy” & books from piracy? “paste” functions?

Recommendations:

addressed to Government 1. To assure that the IP laws provide enough incentives (i.e. good laws and good enforcement) to authors and inventors, so that they continue their intellectual activities for the benefit of Armenia and its community. The lack of incentives and bad enforcement of IP laws are extremely dangerous for the future of Armenia, including from the stand point of national security. addressed to Community 2. To think of counterfeit or pirated goods as of stolen goods. 3. The access to free intellectual property in the Internet (such as audiovisual works, pictorial illustrations, software, scientific articles and other works of authorship) may be used freely by anyone if: 1) authors or right-holder decide to make them available to the public, 2) the law allows to use them freely, or 3) the term of the protection has expired. This means that there may be a lot of free information online without infringing anybody’s right. 4. To have a balance between protection of Intellectual Property rights and the free use.

The impact of Internet on further development of Armenian SMEs

Gagik Sargsyan Noy Firm Founder, Director

Mr. Sargsyan represented a survey on SME representation in Internet. He highlighted the problems that hinder the Armenian SME presence on the Internet. Of the findings was that SMEs are not well informed about domain registration, web hosting and web site development and are a kind of

scared about that.

Recommendations:

1. Organize courses on web development and e-commerce for SMEs. 2. Set up a web development and e-commerce center for SME that will service many SMEs with a modest fee. 3. Establish ISPs presence at the SME State Registry.

Content

Today there is a strong confrontation between supporters of open Internet and the copyright owners. The situation in Armenia is regulated by Armenian Law on Copyright and related rights. There is a National Commission on Television and Radio, which requires to make royalty Today there is a strong payments to Intellectual property owners or confrontation between to their representatives. supporters of open Internet and There are collectors, who have rights to collect royalties from licensed cable and the copyright owners. The ethereal TV companies. Some Internet situation in Armenia is providers also have to pay royalties for TV regulated by Armenian Law on movies and other video content, distributed with use of IPTV technology in multicast Copyright and Related Rights. mode. But for Internet TV using unicast technology there is no any practice to collect royalties for watching TV programs.

Questions discussed during the Session:

• Is it possible to provide any royalty to • How to create free of charge yet high- the copyright owners in Internet era? quality content ? • The Intellectual property law and • Online education how to bring into line current practice. traditional education sources in the • How to monetize mass media Internet education process. Is it possible production in the Internet era? to use Wikipedia in this process? Financing sources today.

Panelists:

Keynote speaker: Sarkis Darbinyan, RU BlackList Lawyer

Key participants: • Mher Bekaryan, "Wikimedia Armenia" Scientific-Educational NGO Co-Founder, Board Member • David Alaverdyan, Mediamax Chief Editor • Samvel Hovsepyan, RA Police • Haykaz Baghyan, Media Education Center

Moderator: Petros Ghazaryan, Journalist Rapporteur: Siranush Vardanyan, ISOC AM Board Member, ICANN At-Large APRALO Chair

Key messages:

1. Traditional approaches for content regulation are impossible to implement in digital era. Today no one is satisfied with the copyright regulations as copyright holders believe that the law is too soft, and the Internet community believes that it is too strict.

2. Wikipedia is a new approach, when content has no any copyright from traditional legislation point of view. Armenian content in Wikipedia is being created by Eastern Armenian language carriers as only Eastern Armenian has registered language labeling. The Western Armenian lucks labeling thus is considered as dialect. It is important to register a label for Western Armenian as a separate language.

3. Internet gives new opportunities for creating resources. The quality content and interactive approaches to them are key for being competitive in content creation.

4. The Internet provides potentially unlimited opportunities to reproduce and distribute creations without authors' permission. Today, efforts are made by the Police of Armenia to protect the copyright by using Internet specifications and taking into account the legal and technical means.

5. The Police of Armenia does not apply content filtration in informational sources, in general, and in Facebook, in particular. There is no any legal framework for that.

Cybersecurity

Convention on Cybercrime, signed by the RA in 2006, identifies cybercrime and cybersecurity. But there is also an "information security" concept developed in 2012 by the Security Council of RA. There is a fundamental difference between these two concepts, namely cybersecurity does not refer to the content, does not contain propaganda and contra-propaganda components while the information security does not exclude content-related components.

In this session the concept of "cybersecurity" is used. There is a fundamental difference between the concept From this perspective, the session promoted the discussion about reliability of infrastructure of cybersecurity and functioning, in particular, the accessibility in case information security. of DDoS attacks or Internet infrastructure physical damages for the citizens of the RA as well as for Cybersecurity does not refer to international users. the content, does not contain propaganda and contra- The second factor is security issues inside companies: How to prevent data leakage? The propaganda components while relevance of the issue is due to the new Law on the information security does "Personal Data", which implies that all organizations processing of personal data must not exclude content-related undergo an audit by public or private components. organizations specializing in audit.

The third factor is the implementation of the DNSSEC protocol which will distinctively identify the source of the information.

These are all issues of the initiation, implementation and supervision.

Questions discussed during the Session: • The use of open source operating systems for processing personal data - is there a risk of leakage? • To what extend should the influence be by the state on private companies in order to provide the cybersecurity?

• What is preferable to ensure audit or not to demand it? • To ensure it by the state body or by the efforts of private organization? • Is the self-certification acceptable in terms of cybersecurity? • What are the corruption risks if State audit is conducted? • Is there enough professional potential in RA to force well-known organizations for audit? • Will the new Law succeed?

Panelists:

Keynote speaker: Ruben Muradyan, Panarmenian Media Group CIO Key participants: • Karen Gasparyan, UCom Head of IT Security, • Vaagn Toukharian, OWASP Director • Inna Kholodova, ISOC AM Board Member, CERT-AM Administrator

Moderator: Ruben Muradyan, Panarmenian Media Group CIO Rapporteur: Inna Kholodova, ISOC AM Board Member, CERT-AM Administrator

Key messages:

1. The controversies of RA Law on Protection of Personal Data put in doubts regarding any positive impact this Law might have unless the necessary conditions - working policies, standards, applications, obligations for disclosure - are developed. 2. Government position about censoring and neutrality of networks is still unclear. It is essential to have national CERT/CSIRT supported and controlled by the Government. 3. Internet traffic to/from Armenia is mostly delivered through Caucasus Online and this might become critical for country if the property if this operator (or company itself) become acquired by Azeronline (Azerbaijani Internet Provider).

4. Serious security problem is created by attacks targeting dynamic routes, so monitoring and protection of dynamic behaviour of traffic becomes more and more important.

5. ArmIGF can provide a platform for cybersecurity experience sharing - specifically for CIS and EAEC countries. 6. Security of the webspace can be improved sufficiently if website owners sign blanket agreement for penetration tests. 7. Government should take efforts to plan and implement continuous cybersecurity diagnostic and mitigation program.

Participation

ArmIGF 2015 was attended by 170 Breakdown by country participants, coming from 10 foreign countries (14%) and mainly from Armenia 14% 7% Armenia (86%). Russia

86% Other

Breakdown by stakeholder group All stakeholder groups were Private sector represented at the meeting:

Civil society • Private sector: 30% 19% 30% 8% Technical • Civil society: 18% 8% community • Technical community: 17% 18% Government 17% • Government: 8% Academia • Academia: 8% • Other: 19% Other

In regards to gender representation, 62% of all participants were male and 38% female. Youth were represented in 9% of all participants.

Breakdown by gender representation

Male 38% Female 62%

Feedback from Participants

An Evaluation Survey was published at the official website armigf.am and invitation was sent to all participants to fill it in and share their impressions, degree of satisfaction and views on how ArmIGF could be improved. The results of the survey showed that:

• 21% of the respondents overall evaluated the first Armenian IGF as excellent, 50% evaluated it as good, 7% were neutral, and 22% considered that it can be further improved. • 56% of the respondents liked the Panel sessions for being more interactive, 44% liked Plenary sessions for providing more useful information, and 78% of the respondents thought that all sessions were relevant to current IG challenges in Armenia. • 57% of the respondents were satisfied with the content of ArmIGF sessions, 36% were neutral, while 7% were dissatisfied. • With regards to the level of interaction between panelists and participants, 50% of the respondents considered themselves satisfied, 43% were neutral, while 7% were dissatisfied. • 77% of the respondents were satisfied with the venue, 69% with the room set-up, and 79% with catering, while 14% were dissatisfied with technical arrangements. • For 57% of the respondents the working language was Armenian, for 29% it was English, and 14% used Russian during ArmIGF 2015. Those who used translation 66% were satisfied at some extent, 17% were satisfied and 17% were dissatisfied. • 64% of the respondents took part in Internet Governance Forum for the first time, while 36% were participants of RIGF, EuroDIG, IGF in Istanbul, Turkey and many IGFs in the region and beyond. • 42% of the respondents learned about ArmIGF from ISOC events calendar, 25% from Facebook, 8% from IGF events calendar and ICANN announcement, while 17% indicated other sources, such as mailing lists, invitation from the organizers, personal contacts, etc.

The agenda was Up-to-date, interesting and ambitious; there were a lot of really interesting and passionate speakers from all groups so truly multistakeholder; excellent attendance with also young people and women.

(extract from Feedback)

ArmIGF 2015 Budget

In order to be well prepared for the first ArmIGF, the OrgCommittee applied and secured external funding from various sources:

1. Sponsorship from international partners: ISOC European Regional Bureau and ICANN 2. International grand programs: ISOC's Beyond the Net program, IGFSA (Internet Governance Forum Supporting Association) 3. Sponsorships from local partners: UCom, ABCDomain, HyperSpace

A general overview of costs from ArmIGF 2015 budget is presented below:

Budget Item Cost (USD) Website 920 Video for opening 250 Printing (banners, badges, invitations, certificates, etc) 557 Logistics 1,150 Webstream 1,677 Photo capturing 1120 Participants travel, transportation 3,700 Participants accommodation 3,540 Translators 2,202 Catering 2,412 Social event 2,100 SME presence on the Internet Survey 750 T-Shirts for participants 1,600 Promotional items 440 Total 22,418

Media Coverage

The first Armenian IGF was widely reported in media mostly in Armenian. However, some of them published also in English and Russian. Below is the list of media coverage on ArmIGF.

• http://www.mtc.am/pages.php?lang=1&id=599 • http://ittrend.am/2015/09/07/armigf/ 9&page_name=news • http://ittrend.am/2015/09/07/armigf-2/ • http://armeniatv.am/hy/news/57546 • http://ittrend.am/2015/09/07/hay-4/ • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mU2OtTk2 • http://ittrend.am/2015/09/09/icann-2/ vlQ • http://civilnet.am/2015/09/09/first- • http://www.1in.am/1713459.html armenian-internet-governance-forum/ • http://imyerevan.com/hy/billboard/view/4037 • http://www.itel.am/am/news/7380 • http://www.erit.am/index.php?lang=1&id=345 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=33&v=tO 98 tS8Qaoh84 • http://www.nyut.am/?p=82279&l=ru • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiD69N9 • http://www.nt.am/am/news/210003/ Z_00 • http://armef.com/hy/news/menq/internet- • https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=5&v=Pou karavarman-arajin-hamajoxovy/ oB-sogQ0 • http://www.a1plus.am/1404320.html • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KEtJwkk rX4U • http://arpinet.am/clients/54-armigf-2015.html

Acknowledgment

ArmIGF 2015 team acknowledges all sponsoring programs, international and local partners for funding the first Armenian Internet Governance Forum, thus bringing all stakeholder groups together and providing open and transparent platform for discussions on Internet related issues within the country and beyond.

Special thanks to: Internet Society, ICANN, ISOC Armenia, UCom, IGF Support Association, ABCDomain, HyperSpace, Ministry of Transport and Communication of Armenia, IGF Secretariat, SEEDIG, TLDCON, and all others who have supported and volunteered for ArmIGF 2015.