DOCSLIB.ORG

Improving Health in Armenia Through Target Setting to Ensure Sustainable Water Management, Access to Safe Water and Adequate Sanitation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Improving Health in Armenia Through Target Setting to Ensure Sustainable Water Management, Access to Safe Water and Adequate Sanitation Protocol on Water and Health – Improving health in Armenia through target setting to ensure sustainable water management, access to safe water and adequate sanitation Technical report containing: The baseline analysis of legal, institutional and substantive aspects related to target-setting process under the Protocol on Water and Health in Armenia Yerevan, May 2014 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The present report was prepared in the framework of a project funded by the Government of Finland through its FinWaterWei programme on the implementation of the Protocol on Water and Health in the Republic of Armenia. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) assisted the Republic of Armenia in the implementation of the project as the main implementing entity. The NGO Armenian Women for Health and a Healthy Environment coordinated the inputs of the NGO community and provided logistical support. The report is based on the earlier draft technical paper prepared by the members of the national working group and adopted by the project’s Steering Committee. The following experts contributed to this report: Volodya Narimanyan (Ministry of Nature Protection, Armenia), project coordinator Nune Bakunts (Ministry of Health, Armenia), project coordinator Emma Anakhasyan (NGO Women for Health and a Healthy Environment, Armenia) Vilik Sargsyan (Yerevan State University of Architecture and Construction, Armenia) Tigran Oganezov (Water Management Expert, Armenia) Syuzanna Meliqjanyan (Health expert, Armenia) Samwel Mkrtchyan (Water expert, Armenia) Matthew Kahane (UNECE lead consultant) Alisher Mamadzhanov (UNECE, Secretariat of the Protocol on Water and Health) The project team would also like to thank the members of the Steering Committee of the EUWI National Policy Dialogue for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Supply and Sanitation for their valuable comments and inputs to the finalization of the report. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I.Introduction …………. ............................................................................................................... 6 II.Baseline situation analysis ......................................................................................................... 7 A. Methodology ........................................................................................................... 7 B. Legal framework ..................................................................................................... 9 C. Institutional frameworks ......................................................................................... 30 D. Detailed analysis under twenty target areas ............................................................ 39 III.Annexes…………… ............................................................................................................... 116 3 List of Acronyms AAWI Akhuryan-Araks Water Intake AMD Armenian Dram ASHMS Armenian State Hydrometeorological and Monitoring Service AWHHE Armenian Women for Health and Healthy Environment AWSC Armenian Water and Sewerage Company CDCP Center for Disease Control and Prevention CJSC Closed Joint Stock Company DRC Dispute Resolution Commission EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EIB European Investment Bank EIMC Environmental Impact Monitoring Centre EU European Union EUWI European Water Initiative GEF Global Environment Facility GIS Geographic Information Systems HMC Hydro-geological Monitoring Centre JMP Joint Monitroing Program LWS Lori Water and Sewerage MA Ministry of Agriculture MDGs Millennium Development Goals MENR Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources MES Ministry of Emergency Situations MF Ministry of Finance MoH Ministry of Health MNP Ministry of Nature Protection MTA Ministry of Territorial Administration NA Nor Akunq NGO Non-Governmental Organization NPD National Policy Dialogue NSS National Statistical Service NWC National Water Council OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe PSRC Public Service Regulatory Commission RA Republic of Armenia RSA Rescue Service of Armenia SCWE State Committee on Water Economy 4 SEI State Environmental Inspectorate SHI State Health Inspectorate SHWI Sevan-Hrazdan Water Intake SNCO State Non-Commercial Organization SWC State Water Cadastre SWCIS State Water Cadastre Information System SWS Shirak Water and Sewerage TBMD Territorial Basin Management Division UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Program UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development WBMA Water Basin Management Authorities WFD Water Framework Directive WHO World Health Organization WRMA Water Resources Management Agency WRPD Water Resources Policy Division WUA Water Users’ Association YD Yerevan Djur 5 I. Introduction In September 2012, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and the Government of Finland signed an agreement under the UNECE-FinWaterWei1 project “Protocol on Water and Health – Improving health in Armenia through target setting to ensure sustainable water management, access to safe water and adequate sanitation”, to support the target-setting process under the Protocol on Water and Health in Armenia. This project has emerged from the National Policy Dialogue on Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Supply and Sanitation (NPD) process under the European Union Water Initiative (EUWI), with UNECE as a key partner of Armenia on integrated water resources management. One of the main objectives of the project is to facilitate the ratification of the Protocol on Water and Health by the Republic of Armenia, by providing a forum for policy dialogue and decision-making on the issues covered by the Protocol. The project has been implemented in close cooperation with the Ministries of Nature Protection and Health of Armenia and with the participation of the Ministry of Territorial Administration. Non-governmental organization (NGO) Armenian Women for Health and Healthy Environment (AWHHE) has been responsible for the NGO coordination process to collect inputs from the NGO community at all stages of the target-setting process through consultation meetings. The project has been guided by regular meetings of the Steering Committee of EUWI NPD in Armenia, which is chaired by the Head of the Water Resources Management Agency (WRMA) under the Ministry of Nature Protection, and whose other members are representatives of key Armenian entities covering issues of water resources management, water supply and sanitation, including health issues, with the involvement of NGOs. Various independent experts and representatives of donors and international partners working on water resources management issues are also invited to participate. The project kick-off meeting was held as part of the 9th meeting of the Steering Committee on 12 December 2012. Following that meeting, UNECE and the main national stakeholders constituted a Project Working Group, consisting of national consultants with expertise and experience in the main fields covered by the Protocol on Water and Health, including a representative of the NGO AWHHE, and supported by an international consultant appointed by the UNECE and a UNECE staff member. This group compiled the information needed and produced the drafts of the baseline analysis and other documents which were then considered by the Steering Committee. As of May 2014, the working group of national experts and the international consultant completed the work on the baseline analysis, and finalized work on the draft targets and target dates under the Protocol. The present technical report is based on the baseline 1 FinWaterWei is the programme for Finland’s water sector support to the EECCA countries under the Wider Europe Initiative. The FinWaterWEI programme is managed on behalf of the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs by SYKE ( http://www.environment.fi/default.asp?contentid=405313&lan=EN) 6 analysis of legal, institutional and substantive aspects related to all twenty target areas under the Protocol on Water and Health prepared by the working group and adopted at the 10th EUWI NPD Steering Committee meeting held on 26 September 2013. II. Baseline situation analysis A. Methodology The baseline analysis is the first substantive technical step under the target setting process and includes an analysis of the existing legal framework (national and international) and the environmental and health situation in Armenia with relevance to all twenty areas of target-setting under the Protocol. The methodology for the setting of targets under the present project was based on the Guidelines on the Setting of Targets, Evaluation of Progress and Reporting, developed by the UNECE and the Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization (WHO/Europe). Main elements of this methodology include (see Figure 1 below): – Identification of key stakeholders and setting up of a coordination mechanism; – Baseline analysis, including an assessment of current normative legal base, water infrastructure, the environment and health condition; – Identification and prioritisation of problems; – Agreement on draft targets, programme of measures and indicators; – Broad consultation with state structures and NGOs on the proposed targets, target dates and relevant programme of measures; – Agreement on targets and their publication and communication to all stakeholders; – Agreement on programme of measures and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tourism Development Trends in Armenia
    Tourism Education Studies and Practice, 2018, 5(1) Copyright © 2018 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o. Published in the Slovak Republic Tourism Education Studies and Practice Has been issued since 2014. E-ISSN: 2409-2436 2018, 5(1): 20-25 DOI: 10.13187/tesp.2018.1.20 www.ejournal10.com Tourism Development Trends in Armenia Gayane Tovmasyan а , * Rubik Tovmasyan b a ''AMBERD'' Research Center of the Armenian State University of Economics, Armenia b Public Administration Academy of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia Abstract In recent years tourism develops rapidly in Armenia. The main tourism statistics, tourism competitiveness index are presented and analyzed in the article. The article discusses the main types of tourism that may be developed in Armenia such as religious, historical-cultural, spa-resort, eco- and agri-, sport and adventure, gastronomic, urban, educational, scientific, medical tourism. Although the growth of tourism in recent years, there are still many problems that hinder the promotion of tourism. The tourism statistics, marketing policy, legislation must be improved. Besides, the educational system must meet the requirements of the labor market. Tourist specialists must have all the skills for tourism industry development. Thus, the main problems are revealed and the trends and ways of tourism development are analyzed in the article. Keywords: tourism, competitiveness, types of tourism, marketing, statistics, GDP, tourism development trends. 1. Introduction Tourism is one of the largest industries all over the world and develops very fast. Year by year more and more people travel to visit friends and relatives, to have leisure time, or with the purpose of business travel, education, health recovery, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • To the Armenian Information Technology Companies To
    MINISTRY OF ECONOMY OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA GUIDEGUIDE TOTO THETHE ARMENIANARMENIAN INFORMATIONINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY COMPANIESCOMPANIES 2010 GUIDE TO THE ARMENIAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES © 2004 ‐ 2010 Enterprise Incubator Foundation 2 124 Hovsep Emin Street, Yerevan 0051, Armenia Phone: +374 10 219 797 Fax: +374 10 219 777 E‐mail: [email protected] http://www.eif‐it.com All rights reserved This Guide may be freely copied and distributed as long as the original copyright is displayed and no modifications are made to its content. Copies of the Guide are available for download from http://www.eif‐ it.com. All respective trademarks, brands, and names are the property of their respective owners. Enterprise Incubator Foundation does not guar‐ antee the accuracy of the data and information included in this publica‐ tion. This Guide was supported by the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia, (http://www.mineconomy.am) and USAID/Armenia Mis‐ sion (http://armenia.usaid.gov/). The publication of this Guide has been made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. 3 The concept of this Guide was initiated by Enterprise Incubator Founda‐ tion, a business development and incubation agency supporting tech‐ nology companies in Armenia. The objectives of the Guide stem from and parallel the mission of Enterprise Incubator, which is to foster eco‐ nomic growth in Armenia by assisting IT companies in areas of business development and management, skills development and training, and start‐up formation and entrepreneurship.
    [Show full text]
  • Europe and Central Asia
    EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 301 INCSR 2006 Volume I 302 Europe and Central Asia Albania I. Summary Albania is used by organized crime groups as a transit country for heroin from Central Asia destined for Western Europe. Seizures of heroin by Albanian, Greek, and Italian authorities declined significantly in 2005, suggesting a possible change in trafficking patterns. Cannabis is also produced in Albania for markets in Europe. The Government of Albania (GoA), largely in response to international pressure and with international assistance, is confronting criminal elements more aggressively but is hampered by a lack of resources and endemic corruption. The new government led by Prime Minister Sali Berisha, in power since September 2005, has stated that fighting corruption, organized crime, and trafficking of persons and drugs is its highest priority. Albania is a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention. II. Status of Country Although Albania is not a major transit country for drugs coming into the United States, it remains a country of concern to the U.S., as Albania’s ports on the Adriatic and porous land borders, together with poorly financed and under-equipped border and customs controls, make Albania an attractive stop on the smuggling route for traffickers moving shipments into Western Europe. In addition, marijuana is produced domestically for markets in Europe, the largest being Italy and Greece. III. Country Actions Against Drugs in 2005 Policy Initiatives. In 2005, the asset forfeiture law, a key tool in the fight against organized crime, began to be successfully implemented, with the filing of eight asset forfeiture cases and the creation of the Agency for the Administration of Sequestered and Confiscated Assets.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Level Risk Management M a N U
    LOCAL LEVEL RISK MANAGEMENT M A N U A L Y E R E V A N 2012 1 LLRM EXECUTIVE LOCAL LEVEL RISK IMPLEMENTATION BACKGROUND 2 3 SUMMARY MANAGEMENT (LLRM) / FORMAT EXPERIENCE IN ARMENIA VULNERABILITY AND GENERAL APPROACHES AND CAPACITY 1.1 INFORMATION 2.1 3.1 PRINCIPLES APPLIED ASSESSMENT (VCA) HAZARDS RESOURCES AND THREATENING 3.2 PRACTICAL CASES TOOLS ARMENIA PROCESS A PREPARATORY PHASE DATA COLLECTION B AND RESEARCH C ANALYSIS D TOOL KIT PLANNING DRR MAINSTREAMING INTO DEVELOPMENT PLANS / DESCRIPTION AND PLANNING TOOLS IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION DRR AND CLIMATE LLRM RISK MANAGEMENT DRR AND GENDER M A N U A L EQUITY 2 Authors: Ashot Sargsyan UNDP, DRR Adviser Armen Chilingaryan UNDP, DRR Project Coordinator Susanna Mnatsakanyan UNDP DRR Project VCA Expert Experts: Hamlet Matevosyan Rector of the Crisis Management State Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations Hasmik Saroyan Climate Risk Management Expert LLRM/VCA implementation Armen Arakelyan Specialist Head of “Lore” Rescue Team This manual is prepared and published with financial support from UNDP within the framework of the Project Strengthening of National Disaster Preparedness and Risk Reduction Capacities in Armenia. Empowered lives The views expressed in the publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the Resilient nations United Nations or UNDP. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This manual is a result of consolidation of collective efforts of many professionals and experts from different organizations and agencies – members of the UN extended Disaster Management Team, which worked during the years hand-to-hand to support and facilitate the strengthening of Disaster Management national system in Armenia.
    [Show full text]
  • Legends of Nature
    Legends of Nature Protected Areas of the Southern Caucasus ARMENIA Implemented by: 2 Armenia Arevik Dilijan Khosrov Forest Arevik Dilijan Khosrov Forest National Park National Park State Reserve Sunny Mountains – Arevik Beauty in Harmony with Natural Forces and Royal National Park, embedded in Nature - Armenia’s Little Temples – Visitors to Khosrov the catchment of the rivers Switzerland fascinates Forest State Reserve can Meghri, Shvanidzor and with unequalled Caucasian experience the results of Nrnadzor, is one of the woodlands, flowering nature’s elementary forces on youngest protected areas of highland sceneries, curative the shape of the landscape. Armenia. springs and clear lakes. Page 14 Page 10 Page 12 Lake Arpi Sevan Shikahogh Lake Arpi Sevan Shikahogh National Park National Park State Reserve Beauty on the Border – Open Armenia’s “Blue Pearl” – Treasures of Nature – plains, extensive wetlands, Lake Sevan is one of the Shikahogh is one of the few gentle slopes and ever- largest and highest freshwa- places in Armenia where changing seasonal colours ter lakes in the world and a dense pristine broadleaf make Lake Arpi an ideal paradise for birdwatchers. forests have survived. place for birdwatching and Page 18 Page 20 reflection. Page 16 Zangezur & Plane Grove Cross-border Routes Discover fascinating contrasts of Zangezur & Plane Grove Sanctuaries the Caucasus from ice-capped high mountain peaks to subtropi- Plane Grove and Zangezur sanctuaries are famous for their cal landscapes, continental ancient trees and have the potential to develop some of Armenia’s steppes and dense forests. best scenic trails. Two cross-border routes through Page 22 Armenia and Georgia include highlights of protected areas and cultural monuments in the Lesser and Greater Caucasus.
    [Show full text]
  • Armenia: Achievements and Challenges in Improving Health
    ARMENIA Achievements and Challenges in Improving Health Care Utilization A Multiproject Evaluation of the World Bank Support to the Health System Modernization (2004-2016) Report No. 134584 MARCH 20, 2019 © 2019 International Bank for Reconstruction This work is a product of the staff of The World RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS and Development / The World Bank Bank with external contributions. The findings, The material in this work is subject to copyright. 1818 H Street NW interpretations, and conclusions expressed in Because The World Bank encourages Washington DC 20433 this work do not necessarily reflect the views of dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be Telephone: 202-473-1000 The World Bank, its Board of Executive reproduced, in whole or in part, for Internet: www.worldbank.org Directors, or the governments they represent. noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: The World Bank does not guarantee the World Bank. 2019. Armenia—Achievements accuracy of the data included in this work. The Any queries on rights and licenses, including and Challenges in Improving Health Care boundaries, colors, denominations, and other subsidiary rights, should be addressed to Utilization: A Multi-Project Evaluation of the information shown on any map in this work do World Bank Publications, The World Bank World Bank Support to the Health System not imply any judgment on the part of The Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC Modernization (2004-2016). Independent World Bank concerning the legal status of any 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: Evaluation Group, Project Performance territory or the endorsement or acceptance of [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Development Project Ideas Goris, Tegh, Gorhayk, Meghri, Vayk
    Ministry of Territorial Administration and Development of the Republic of Armenia DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IDEAS GORIS, TEGH, GORHAYK, MEGHRI, VAYK, JERMUK, ZARITAP, URTSADZOR, NOYEMBERYAN, KOGHB, AYRUM, SARAPAT, AMASIA, ASHOTSK, ARPI Expert Team Varazdat Karapetyan Artyom Grigoryan Artak Dadoyan Gagik Muradyan GIZ Coordinator Armen Keshishyan September 2016 List of Acronyms MTAD Ministry of Territorial Administration and Development ATDF Armenian Territorial Development Fund GIZ German Technical Cooperation LoGoPro GIZ Local Government Programme LSG Local Self-government (bodies) (FY)MDP Five-year Municipal Development Plan PACA Participatory Assessment of Competitive Advantages RDF «Regional Development Foundation» Company LED Local economic development 2 Contents List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 2 Contents ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Structure of the Report .............................................................................................................. 5 Preamble ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 9 Approaches to Project Implementation ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Shirak Guidebook
    Wuthering Heights of Shirak -the Land of Steppe and Sky YYerevanerevan 22013013 1 Facts About Shirak FOREWORD Mix up the vast open spaces of the Shirak steppe, the wuthering wind that sweeps through its heights, the snowcapped tops of Mt. Aragats and the dramatic gorges and sparkling lakes of Akhurian River. Sprinkle in the white sheep fl ocks and the cry of an eagle. Add churches, mysterious Urartian ruins, abundant wildlife and unique architecture. Th en top it all off with a turbulent history, Gyumri’s joi de vivre and Gurdjieff ’s mystical teaching, revealing a truly magnifi cent region fi lled with experi- ences to last you a lifetime. However, don’t be deceived that merely seeing all these highlights will give you a complete picture of what Shirak really is. Dig deeper and you’ll be surprised to fi nd that your fondest memories will most likely lie with the locals themselves. You’ll eas- ily be touched by these proud, witt y, and legendarily hospitable people, even if you cannot speak their language. Only when you meet its remarkable people will you understand this land and its powerful energy which emanates from their sculptures, paintings, music and poetry. Visiting the province takes creativity and imagination, as the tourist industry is at best ‘nascent’. A great deal of the current tourist fl ow consists of Diasporan Armenians seeking the opportunity to make personal contributions to their historic homeland, along with a few scatt ered independent travelers. Although there are some rural “rest- places” and picnic areas, they cater mainly to locals who want to unwind with hearty feasts and family chats, thus rarely providing any activities.
    [Show full text]
  • WP2. Existing and Prospected Small Hydro Power Plants in the Caucasus and Carpathians
    WP2. Existing and prospected small hydro power plants in the Caucasus and Carpathians Contents 1. Armenia. SMALL HYDRO SECTOR........................................................................... 2 1.1. Overall information on SHP sector. State-of-the-art ...........................................................2 1.2. Examples of successful implemented projects.....................................................................8 1.2.1. Small Hydropower plant on Yerevan Lake..................................................................8 1.2.2. Small Hydropower plant “Yeghegis – 1” ..................................................................10 1.3. Prospected SHPs................................................................................................................14 1.3.1. Hydropower potential of small rivers ........................................................................14 1.3.2. Prospected Small hydropower stations ......................................................................15 1.4. Pre- feasibility studies for SHP plants in Armenia ............................................................18 1 1. Armenia. SMALL HYDRO SECTOR 1.1. Overall information on SHP sector. State-of-the-art Armenia has recently succeeded in stabilising the national energy sector. After dramatically energy “cut-offs” and nature disasters in 90th, the energy sector in Armenia has been developing rapidly, partly pushed by the re- incommissiong of the national nuclear power station. Last information on energy production
    [Show full text]
  • CBD Sixth National Report
    SIXTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA Sixth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity EXECUTIVE SUMMERY The issues concerning the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity of the Republic of Armenia are an important and integral part of the country's environmental strategy that are aimed at the prevention of biodiversity loss and degradation of the natural environment, ensuring the biological diversity and human well- being. Armenia's policy in this field is consistent with the following goals set out in the 2010-2020 Strategic Plan of the Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter CBD): 1. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society 2. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use 3. To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity 4. Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services (hereinafter ES) 5. Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building. The government of the Republic of Armenia approved ''the Strategy and National Action Plan of the Republic of Armenia on Conservation, Protection, Reproduction and Use of Biological Diversity'' (BSAP) in 2015 based on the CBD goals and targets arising thereby supporting the following directions of the strategy of the Republic of Armenia on biodiversity conservation and use: 2 Sixth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity 1. Improvement of legislative and institutional frameworks related to biodiversity. 2. Enhancement of biodiversity and ecosystem conservation and restoration of degraded habitats. 3. Reduction of the direct pressures on biodiversity and promotion of sustainable use.
    [Show full text]
  • In-Depth Review of the Investment Climate and Market Structure in the Energy Sector of the REPUBLIC of ARMENIA
    In-depth review of the investment climate and market structure in the energy sector of THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA ENERGY CHARTER SECRETATIAT 22 January 2015 In-depth review of the investment climate and market structure in the energy sector of THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA ENERGY CHARTER SECRETATIAT 22 January 2015 About the Energy Charter The Energy Charter Secretariat is the permanent office based in Brussels supporting the Energy Charter Conference in the implementation of the Energy Charter Treaty. The Energy Charter Treaty and the Energy Charter Protocol on Energy Efficiency and Related Environmental Aspects were signed in December 1994 and entered into legal force in April 1998. To date, the Treaty has been signed or acceded to by fifty-two states, the European Community and Euratom (the total number of its members is therefore fifty-four). The fundamental aim of the Energy Charter Treaty is to strengthen the rule of law on energy issues, by creating a level playing field of rules to be observed by all participating governments, thereby mitigating risks associated with energy-related investment and trade. In a world of increasing interdependence between net exporters of energy and net importers, it is widely recognised that multilateral rules can provide a more balanced and efficient framework for international cooperation than is offered by bilateral agreements alone or by non-legislative instruments. The Energy Charter Treaty therefore plays an important role as part of an international effort to build a legal foundation for energy security, based on the principles of open, competitive markets and sustainable development. The Treaty was developed on the basis of the 1991 Energy Charter.
    [Show full text]
  • Armenia an Open Air Museum
    TOURISM GUIDE ARMENIA AN OPEN AIR MUSEUM Gavar - 2018 A R M E N I A Armenia Brief Information Where is Armenia? Armenia is in South Caucasus. In north the country borders with Georgia, in south – with Iran, in east – with Azerbaijan, in west – with Turkey. The current territory of the Republic of Armenia is 29800 square km and is situated about 1800 m above sea level. The highest point is mount Aragats (4090 m), the lowest – canyon of the river Debet (400 m). Yerevan is the capital of the country. According to the 2003 census data population is 3, 2 million people, 1, 1 of which lives in Yerevan. When is the best time to visit Armenia? Armenia is equally wonderful in all the seasons of year. In comparatively small territory you can meet amazingly diverse nature and weather; spring, summer, autumn and winter are full and brightly expressed. Season of tours to Armenia starts in April and lasts until November, though nature gets the peak blossom in the end of May, but autumn is plentiful until the end of September. During the tourist season our guests can enjoy dishes, made of ecologically pure, natural and extremely tasty ingredients. July is the very full of tourist season. From December to the end of March doors of resort Tsakhkadzor are open to all the winter rest and winter sport fans. The best destination for the therapeutic recreation is hydropathical resort Jermuk, which you can visit any time of the year. How to get to Armenia? Armenia does not have outlet to sea.
    [Show full text]