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§4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November
§4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm, -
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Critically Endangered Freshwater Fish Species, the Clanwilliam Sandfish (Labeo Seeberi)
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the critically endangered freshwater fish species, the Clanwilliam sandfish (Labeo seeberi) By Shaun Francois Lesch Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of Natural Science at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr C. Rhode Co-supervisor: Dr R. Slabbert Department of Genetics December 2020 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration: By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: December 2020 Copyright © 2020 Stellenbosch University All Rights Reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract: Labeo spp. are large freshwater fish found throughout southern Asia, the Middle East and Africa. The genus is characterised by specialised structures around the mouth and lips making it adapted to herbivorous feeding (algae and detritus). Clanwilliam sandfish (Labeo seeberi) was once widespread throughout its natural habitat (Olifants-Doring River system), but significant decreases in population size have seen them become absent in the Olifants River and retreat to the headwaters in the tributaries of the Doring River. Currently sandfish are confined to three populations namely the Oorlogskloof Nature Reserve (OKNR), Rietkuil (Riet) and Bos, with OKNR being the largest of the three and deemed the species sanctuary. -
SEM Study of Diplozoon Kashmirensis (Monogenea, Polyopisthocotylea) from Crucian Carp, Carassius Carassius
SEM study of Diplozoon kashmirensis (Monogenea, Polyopisthocotylea) from Crucian Carp, Carassius carassius Shabina Shamim, Fayaz Ahmad Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar – 190 006, Kashmir, J&K, India ABSTRACT Using Scanning Electron Microscopy the external morphology of the helminth parasite Diplozoon kashmirensis (Monogenea, Diplozoidae) from the fish Carassius carassius is described herein for the first time. The present study is a part of the parasitological work carried out on the fishes of Jammu and Kashmir. These fish helminthes are ectoparasites, blood feeding found on gills of fishes. They have extraordinary body architecture due to their unique sexual behavior in which two larval worms fuse together permanently resulting in the transformation of one X shaped duplex individual. Oral sucker of the prohaptor has a partition giving it a paired appearance. The opisthohaptor present on hind body contains four pairs of clamps on each haptor of the pair, a pair of hooks and a concave terminal end. Body is composed of tegmental folds to help the worms in fixing to the gills. This type of strategy adapted for parasitic life in which two individuals permanently fuse into a single hermaphrodite individual without any need to search for mating partner and presence of highly sophisticated attachment structures, shows highest type of specialization of diplozoid monogeneans. In this study we used SEM to examine the surface topography of Diplozoon kashmiriensis, thereby broadening our existing knowledge of surface morphology of fish helminthes. Key Words – Carassius carassius, Diplozoon kashmirensis, Monogenea, Opisthohaptor, SEM. I INTRODUCTION Monogenea is one of the largest classes within the phylum Platyhelminthes and they usually possess anterior and posterior attachment apparatus that are used for settlement, feeding, locomotion and transfer from host to host [1, 2, 3]. -
APPENDIX 1 Classified List of Fishes Mentioned in the Text, with Scientific and Common Names
APPENDIX 1 Classified list of fishes mentioned in the text, with scientific and common names. ___________________________________________________________ Scientific names and classification are from Nelson (1994). Families are listed in the same order as in Nelson (1994), with species names following in alphabetical order. The common names of British fishes mostly follow Wheeler (1978). Common names of foreign fishes are taken from Froese & Pauly (2002). Species in square brackets are referred to in the text but are not found in British waters. Fishes restricted to fresh water are shown in bold type. Fishes ranging from fresh water through brackish water to the sea are underlined; this category includes diadromous fishes that regularly migrate between marine and freshwater environments, spawning either in the sea (catadromous fishes) or in fresh water (anadromous fishes). Not indicated are marine or freshwater fishes that occasionally venture into brackish water. Superclass Agnatha (jawless fishes) Class Myxini (hagfishes)1 Order Myxiniformes Family Myxinidae Myxine glutinosa, hagfish Class Cephalaspidomorphi (lampreys)1 Order Petromyzontiformes Family Petromyzontidae [Ichthyomyzon bdellium, Ohio lamprey] Lampetra fluviatilis, lampern, river lamprey Lampetra planeri, brook lamprey [Lampetra tridentata, Pacific lamprey] Lethenteron camtschaticum, Arctic lamprey] [Lethenteron zanandreai, Po brook lamprey] Petromyzon marinus, lamprey Superclass Gnathostomata (fishes with jaws) Grade Chondrichthiomorphi Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous -
Some Aspects of the Biology of Dominant Fishes in Blue Nile River, Ethiopia
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2015; 3(1): 62-67 ISSN: 2347-5129 (ICV-Poland) Impact Value: 5.62 Some aspects of the biology of dominant fishes in blue (GIF) Impact Factor: 0.352 Nile River, Ethiopia IJFAS 2015; 3(1): 62-67 © 2015 IJFAS www.fisheriesjournal.com Tadlo Awoke, Minwyelet Mingist, Abebe Getahun Received: 05-06-2015 Accepted: 08-07-2015 Abstract The reproductive biology of dominant fish species below the Tisisat Fall of Blue Nile River was studied Tadlo Awoke during the wet season (September-October, 2010) and dry season (March-April, 2011) using gillnets of Wollo University, Desse stretched mesh size 6, 8, 10 and 12cm, monofilaments of different mesh size, castanet and hook and line. Ethiopia A biotic parameters, temperature, transparency, conductivity, pH and total dissolved solid of the river Minwyelet Mingist were taken. A total of 857 fish specimens were collected with the two sampling seasons from all Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar sampling sites. Out of the total catch of specimens four dominant fish species was contributed 79 %. The Ethiopia length weight relationship of L. intermedius, L. forskalii and M. kannume were curvilinear and the relation was statistically significant (P<0.001).The mean Fulton Condition factor of L. intermedius and Abebe Getahun M. kannume were not showed significant variation (P>0.05) in both season and sex however, L. forskalii Addis Ababa University, Addis was statically significant (P< 0.01) in seasons only. Except L. nedgia M. kannume, C. gariepinus and O. Ababa, Ethiopia niloticus species were collected from the Blue Nile river were significant difference (ݔ2, P<0.05) from the theoretical 1:1 ratio. -
Attachment Structure of Wood Ticks; a Fine Structure Study
Heckmann Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 65; June 2018 ATTACHMENT STRUCTURE OF WOOD TICKS; A FINE STRUCTURE STUDY Richard Heckmann Department of Biology - 1114 MLBM, Brigham Young University, Provo,Utah 84602 USA Abstract: The mouthparts of four species of ticks (Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, Dermacenter and Haemaphysalis) were viewed with SEM and compared to one species of mite (Varrao). The ticks have the characteristic pedipalps, chelicera and hypostome to attach and feed on hosts. The appendage modification for host attachment was viewed including the pulvilli and Haller’s organ. Specific mouthparts were scanned with x-ray (XEDS) and the barbs of the hypostome were cut with a gallium ion beam (LIMS). For comparison, the mouthparts of a mite (Varrao) were included in the study. Those organisms studied belonged to the Acarina. Keywords: Ticks, Mites, Mouthparts, Hypostome, Acarina. INTRODUCTION The mouthparts of a tick are designed for puncture of a host skin and then feed on the host body fluids, especially blood. During the feeding process the eight leg Acarinid can transmit many diseases may acquired by human hosts. Birds, mammals and reptiles are infected with blood feeding ticks. (Macnair, 2016) reported that approximately 850 species have been described worldwide (Wikipedia). Tick, 2018 and Sonenshine, 1991 had suggested that ticks are important vector of disease in humans and animals. Mouthparts of ticks have three visible components for mouthparts. The two outside parts which are joined are highly mobile palps also called (pedipalps) in between these are paired chelicerae which protect the hypostome. While ticks are deeding the palps more laterally. Beak-like projections are present or the bared hyperstome, this structure plunges while feeding on host skin. -
The Parasite Release Hypothesis and the Success of Invasive Fish in New Zealand
http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. The parasite release hypothesis and the success of invasive fish in New Zealand A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Science at The University of Waikato by Keshi Zhang The University of Waikato 2012 Abstract Non-indigenous species are commonly released from their native enemies, including parasites, when they are introduced into new geographical areas. This has been referred to as the enemy release hypothesis and more strictly as the parasite release hypothesis. The loss of parasites is commonly inferred to explain the invasiveness of non-indigenous species. I examined parasite release in New Zealand non-indigenous freshwater fishes. A literature review was undertaken in order to collate lists of the known parasite fauna of 20 New Zealand non-indigenous freshwater fish species. -
Helminths (Parasitic Worms) Helminths
Helminths (Parasitic worms) Multicellular - tissues & organs Degenerate digestive system Reduced nervous system Complex reproductive system - main physiology Complex life cycles Kingdom Animalia Phylum Platyhelminths Phylum Nematoda Flatworms Roundworms Helminths - Important Features Significant variation in size Millimeters to Meters in length Nearly world-wide distribution Long persistence of helminth parasites in host PUBLIC HEALTH Indistinct clinical syndromes Protective immunity is acquired only after many years (decades) Poly-parasitism Greatest burden is in children Malnutrition, growth/development retardation, decreased work Morbidity proportional to worm load Helminths (Parasitic worms) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Platyhelminths Phylum Nematoda Tubellarians Monogenea Trematodes Cestodes Free-living Monogenetic Digenetic Tapeworms worms Flukes Flukes 1 Phylum Platyhelminths General Properties (some variations) Bilateral symmetry Generally dorsoventrally flattened Body having 3 layers of tissues with organs and organelles Body contains no internal cavity (acoelomate) Possesses a blind gut (i.e. it has a mouth but no anus) Protonephridial excretory organs instead of an anus Nervous system of longitudinal fibers rather than a net Reproduction mostly sexual as hermaphrodites Some species occur in all major habitats, including many as parasites of other animals. Planaria - Newest model system? Planaria - common name Free-living flatworm Simple organ system RNAi - yes! Large scale RNAi screen Amazing power -
Capítulo 5. Clase Monogenea Fabiana B
Capítulo 5. Clase Monogenea Fabiana B. Drago & Verónica Núñez Pocos seres vivos muestran una monogamia tan extrema como Diplozoon paradoxum, un monogeneo parásito de la branquias de peces, los juveniles fusionan sus cuerpos, alcanzan la madurez sexual y permanecen juntos hasta que la muerte los separe…. ADAPTADO DE DAVID P. BARASH & JUDITH E. LIPTON THE MYTH OF MONOGAMY El nombre Monogenea deriva del nombre original con el que los describió Van Beneneden en 1958 “Mo- nogénèses” ("mono": único; "génesis", del griego: generación) y hace referencia a su ciclo de vida, en el cual los individuos se reproducen sólo sexualmente, en oposición a la digénesis o generaciones alternantes de reproducción sexual y asexual. La mayoría son ectoparásitos de la piel (escamas o aletas), cavidad branquial, branquias, línea lateral y narinas de peces marinos y de aguas continentales. Muy pocas especies han invadido la cloaca y vejiga de los anfibios y reptiles y una especie ha sido encontrada en el ojo de hipopótamos. Existen unas pocas espe- cies que parasitan crustáceos y cefalópodos. También se han encontrado algunas especies adaptadas a la vida endoparásita, como es el caso de las especies pertenecientes a los géneros Dictyocotyle que se en- cuentran en celoma de peces, Philureter en uréteres y vejiga de peces, y Polystoma en la vejiga de anfibios. Se alimentan de mucus, células epiteliales y sangre. Generalmente su tamaño varía entre 0,3 mm a 20 mm y a diferencia de otros platelmintos poseen un órgano de fijación posterior armado con ganchos y ventosas denominado haptor u opistohaptor, que tiene una gran adaptación a la fijación en su sitio específico en el hospedador. -
Family Cyprinidae Subfamily Labeoninae
SUBFAMILY Labeoninae Bleeker, 1859 - labeonins, labeos, algae-eaters, carps etc. [=?Paeonomiae, ?Apalopterinae, Platycarinae, Temnochilae, Labeonini, ?Plalacrognathini, Garrae, Gymnostomi, Rohteichthyina, Discognathina, Parapsilorhynchidae, Banganina, Osteochilina, Semilabeoina] Notes: Name in prevailing recent practice ?Paeonomiae McClelland, 1838:943 [ref. 2924] (subfamily) ? Cirrhinus [corrected to Paeonominae by McClelland 1839:225, 261, 264 [ref. 2923]; no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] ?Apalopterinae McClelland, 1839:226, 261, 299 [ref. 2923] (subfamily) ? Platycara [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Platycarinae Macleay, 1841:271 [ref. 32498] (family) Platycara [also Macleay 1842:204 [ref. 32499]] Temnochilae Heckel, 1847:280, 281 [ref. 2068] (Abtheilung) ? Labeo [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Labeonini Bleeker, 1859d:XXVIII [ref. 371] (stirps) Labeo [family-group name used as valid by: Rainboth 1991 [ref. 32596], Nelson 1994 [ref. 26204], Yue et al. 2000 [ref. 25272], Zhang & Chen 2004 [ref. 27930], Li, Ran & Chen 2006 [ref. 29057], Nelson 2006 [ref. 32486], Zhang & Kottelat 2006 [ref. 28711], Zhang, Qiang & Lan 2008 [ref. 29452], Yang & Mayden 2010, Zheng, Yang, Chen & Wang 2010 [ref. 30961], Zhu, Zhang, Zhang & Han 2011 [ref. 31305], Yang et al. 2012a, Yang et al. 2012b [ref. 32362]] ?Phalacrognathini Bleeker, 1860a:422 [ref. 370] (cohors) ? Labeo [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Garrae Bleeker, 1863–64:24 [ref. 4859] (phalanx) Garra [also Bleeker 1863b:191 [ref. 397]; stem Garr- confirmed by Smith 1945:259 [ref. 4056], by Cavender & Coburn in Mayden 1992:322 [ref. 23260], by Mirza 2000:356 [ref. -
Analyses of Currently Available Genetic Data, What It Tells Us, and Where to Go from Here Quinton Marco Dos Santos and Annemariè Avenant‑Oldewage*
Dos Santos and Avenant‑Oldewage Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:539 Parasites & Vectors https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071‑020‑04417‑3 REVIEW Open Access Review on the molecular study of the Diplozoidae: analyses of currently available genetic data, what it tells us, and where to go from here Quinton Marco Dos Santos and Annemariè Avenant‑Oldewage* Abstract The use of molecular tools in the study of parasite taxonomy and systematics have become a substantial and crucial component of parasitology. Having genetic characterisation at the disposal of researchers has produced mostly use‑ ful, and arguably more objective conclusions. However, there are several groups for which limited genetic information is available and, coupled with the lack of standardised protocols, renders molecular study of these groups challenging. The Diplozoidae are fascinating and unique monogeneans parasitizing mainly freshwater cyprinid fshes in Europe, Asia and Africa. This group was studied from a molecular aspect since the turn of the century and as such, limitations and variability concerning the use of these techniques have not been clearly defned. In this review, all literature and molecular information, primarily from online databases such as GenBank, were compiled and scrupulously analysed for the Diplozoidae. This was done to review the information, detect possible pitfalls, and provide a “checkpoint” for future molecular studies of the family. Hindrances detected are the availability of sequence data for only a limited number of species, frequently limited to a single sequence per species, and the heavy reliance on one non‑coding ribosomal marker (ITS2 rDNA) which is difcult to align objectively and displays massive divergences between taxa. -
Fish Species Diversity in Major River Basins of Ethiopia: a Review
World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences 7 (5): 365-374, 2015 ISSN 2078-4589 © IDOSI Publications, 2015 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjfms.2015.7.5.95195 Fish Species Diversity in Major River Basins of Ethiopia: A Review Tadlo Awoke Mengesha Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Wollo University, Desse, P.O. Box: 1145, Ethiopia Abstract: This review paper highlights fish diversity in major river basins of Ethiopia. Ethiopian fresh water systems classified into seven drainage basins. These are the Abay, Awash, Baro Akobo, Omo-Gibe, Rift Lakes, Tekeze and Wabishebele-Genale basins. The country has large fish species diversity in its lakes, rivers and reservoirs. Generally more than 200 fish species found in Ethiopia. The fresh water fish fauna of Ethiopia contains a mixture of Nilo Sudanic, East African and Endemic forms. The Nilo-Sudanic forms are the dominant forms in terms of diversity and represented by a large number of species found in the Baro-Akobo, Omo-Gibe, Tekeze and Abay drainage basin. The highland East African forms are found in the northern Rift valley lakes, highland lakes and associated river systems. The Number of fish species record from the seven drainage basins of Ethiopian has Baro (87), Abay (36), Rift Valley Lakes (32), Wabe-Shebla (26), Omo (26), Awash (15) and Tekeze (10). Howe ever endemicity is highest in Abay, Rift valley and Awash basins. Number of endemic fish species found in drainage basins of Ethiopia records in Abay (23), Rift valley lakes (7), Awash (6), Omo (2) and Baro (1) so far. The current social and economic conditions in Ethiopia, that is high population growth rates and sparse job opportunities coupled with the absence of an effective fisheries management, tend to lead rapidly to decline fish diversity.