Bacterina De Staphylococcus Aureus Contendo Própolis Como Adjuvante Para Controle Da Mastite

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Bacterina De Staphylococcus Aureus Contendo Própolis Como Adjuvante Para Controle Da Mastite UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PELOTAS Faculdade de Veterinária Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária Tese Bacterina de Staphylococcus aureus contendo própolis como adjuvante para controle da mastite Fernando da Silva Bandeira Pelotas, 2015 Fernando da Silva Bandeira Bacterina de Staphylococcus aureus contendo própolis como adjuvante para controle da mastite Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Veterinária da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências (área de concentração: Sanidade Animal). Orientador: Prof. Dr. Geferson Fischer Coorientadores: Prof. Dr. Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite Prof. Dr. João Luiz Zani Pelotas, 2015 Universidade Federal de Pelotas / Sistema de Bibliotecas Catalogação na Publicação B214b Bandeira, Fernando da Silva Ba Bacterina de staphylococcus aureus contendo própolis como adjuvante para controle da mastite / Fernando da Silva Bandeira ; Geferson Fischer, orientador ; Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite, João Luiz Zani, coorientadores. — Pelotas, 2015. Ban112 f. : il. BanTese (Doutorado) — Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. Ba1. Vacina. 2. Imunidade. 3. ELISA. 4. qPCR. 5. CXCR-5. I. Fischer, Geferson, orient. II. Leite, Fábio Pereira Leivas, coorient. III. Zani, João Luiz, coorient. IV. Título. CDD : 636.214 Elaborada por Gabriela Machado Lopes CRB: 10/1842 Fernando da Silva Bandeira Bacterina de Staphylococcus aureus contendo própolis como adjuvante para controle da mastite Tese aprovada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Data da Defesa: 25/02/2015 Banca examinadora: Prof. Dr. Geferson Fischer (Orientador) Pós-Doutor em Ciências Agrárias pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Prof. Dr. Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite Pós-Doutor em Ciências Agrárias pela University of Idaho-Moscow. Prof. Dr. Wladimir Padilha da Silva Doutor em Ciência dos Alimentos pela Universidade de São Paulo Profa. Dra. Helenice Gonzalez de Lima Doutora em Zootecnia pela Universidade Federal de Pelotas Dedico esse trabalho a todos aqueles a quem não pude dar a atenção que mereciam: sejam alunos, colegas, amigos ou familiares e mesmo assim souberam entender... Dedico também, e principalmente, a todas as pessoas que não mediram esforços para colaborar... Agradecimentos A Universidade Federal de Pelotas, particularmente a Faculdade de Veterinária, por ser a minha casa em um relacionamento que já dura quase 17 anos e está apenas no início... Aos meus pais e minha companheira Daniella, por estarem presentes nos grandes momentos da minha vida. Ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. Geferson Fischer, pela confiança, seriedade, ensinamentos e sua grande amizade, acima de tudo. Ao meu comitê de orientação, prof. Dr. Fábio Leivas Leite, quem conheci nessa jornada, mas esteve sempre disposto a auxiliar sem nunca medir esforços em transmitir seus conhecimentos. Ao prof. Dr. João Luiz Zani, que além das valiosas informações que fizeram parte do sucesso desse momento, sempre demonstrou uma enorme amizade e, principalmente, por ser um dos responsáveis pela minha transferência, que entre outras coisas me possibilitou a realização do doutorado. Ao prof. Dr. Wladimir Padilha da Silva, responsável por contribuições valiosas desde o início de minha trajetória na vida acadêmica e que sempre esteve presente, seja fornecendo um isolado bacteriano que foi fundamental para o sucesso dos testes imunoenzimáticos, seja por esclarecer dúvidas, seja pelos momentos em que a sua experiência ajudou a nortear os caminhos de minha vida profissional. A profa Dra Helenice de Lima Gonzales, pelos seus valiosos conhecimentos sobre a produção animal e qualidade do leite, além do “empréstimo” de soro sanguíneo de vacas com mastite, fundamentais para adequação de algumas de nossas técnicas. A profa Fernanda Rezende Pinto, além de minha colega de profissão, foi a responsável por não só manter as disciplinas que ministramos, mas pelo salto de qualidade que estamos conseguindo imprimir em nossas atividades docentes. Aos professores Marcelo e Sílvia, do LABVIR, contribuindo sempre com idéias e sugestões que elevaram o nível da tese. Ao prof. Éverton Fagonde da Silva, e ao amigo Samuel Félix pelas nossas conversas técnicas despretensiosas que me permitiram encontrar alternativas quando os caminhos pareciam bem mais tortuosos. Ao prof. Schuch, onde várias dúvidas foram sanadas e, junto com suas orientadas, agradeço por dividirem o laboratório comigo. Ao prof.Niraldo, pelas instruções sobre como entender o própolis, e a profa Amarilis por me ensinarem que trabalhar com a própolis é mais do que uma técnica: é um arte. A todos os colegas de tantos laboratórios pelos quais passei, sejam na veterinária, no CDTec, no biotério, na botânica, na farmacologia da UFSC, enfim. Particularmente aos amigos Toni, Cris e Raulene, por estarem sempre perto, ajudando e aturarem minhas trapalhadas e atacações. Ao Itauá, Dênis, Mateus. Rodrigo, Cacá, Dedé, Aline, Anelise, Patrícia, Débora, Márcias... A dona Márcia, Lídio, Gancho, a Leca, ao Zeca e ao “Seu” Paulo, por suas palavras de incentivo a realização de um doutorado. A todos aqueles que esqueci momentaneamente... Ninguém nos disse quem éramos... Ninguém nos disse o que deveríamos tentar... Ninguém nos disse que seria fácil. Alguém disse: Que somos nossos sonhos, Que se não sonhamos, estamos mortos... Nossos passos seguem o instinto que nos leva ao desconhecido, Nós não olhamos os obstáculos superados: E sim aqueles que ainda vamos superar. Kílian Jornet Resumo BANDEIRA, Fernando da Silva. Bacterina de Staphylococcus aureus contendo própolis como adjuvante para controle da mastite. 2015. 112f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015. A mastite bovina é um problema sanitário mundial, com medidas de tratamento e prevenção insatisfatórias. Paralelamente, vem crescendo o interesse no uso de própolis como alternativa para tratamento das mastites, sendo ainda, objeto de estudos com finalidade de uso como adjuvante. Até o momento, porém, não foi descrito seu uso em vacinas para controle da mastite bovina. A importância do gênero Staphylococcus como agente da enfermidade é bem documentada, crescendo a necessidade de identificação da espécie do agente etiológico. A pesquisa identificou 12,6% de estafilococos coagulase positiva em mastites subclínicas na região sul do Brasil, sendo que S. aureus estando presente em 17,6% dos animais pesquisados. Dentre os isolados coagulase positiva, a frequência de S. aureus foi de 85,7%, a de S. intermedius foi de 8,5% e de S. hyicus foi 5,8%. A bactéria S. aureus utiliza vários fatores de patogenicidade para causar a infecção no hospedeiro. Foi pesquisado em bases de dados, as informações recentes sobre os principais produtos expressos e forma de atuação. Descreveu-se os principais mecanismos ligados a penetração do micro-organismo na glândula mamária, os processos que medeiam a formação do biofilme e suas estratégias de sobrevivência as respostas do hospedeiro, resultando em processos que muitas vezes tornam-se crônicos. Finalmente, é desejável a utilização de uma vacina eficiente para colaborar no controle da mastite, e dessa forma foi proposta a utilização de uma bacterina contendo extrato hidro-alcoólico de própolis verde na formulação. Comparou-se o seu efeito com uma formulação sem adição de própolis, vacina comercial e PBS esterilizado, em um trabalho conduzido em 63 bovinos. De forma semelhante, com os mesmos grupos de tratamento, mas com a adição de um grupo que recebeu apenas o extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis verde, foi conduzida uma pesquisa em 30 camundongos BALB/c. A pesquisa de anticorpos IgG em bovinos, demonstrou que tanto o tratamento contendo extrato hidroalcóolico de própolis verde quanto a bacterina sem própolis apresentaram resultados semelhantes, superiores aos tratamentos utilizando a vacina comercial e PBS, sendo que nos mesmos tratamentos, foi observada uma resposta com característica humoral inicialmente, tendendo a celular ao longo do experimento. Nos bovinos, a expressão relativa de RNAm para INF-γ, IL-2 e CXCR5 foi elevada para o grupo que recebeu a bacterina contendo extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis verde. Os resultados do teste de ELISA em camundongos, foram semelhantes aos encontrados para os bovinos. O grupo que recebeu apenas o extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis verde sem nenhuma combinação bacteriana, demonstrou resposta com predominância de IgG1 ao longo da pesquisa, semelhante aos grupos de vacina comercial e PBS. No modelo murino, a vacina comercial apresentou índices maiores de expressão de RNAm para as citocinas pesquisadas em esplenócitos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a bacterina contendo extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis verde apresenta potencial para atuar como ferramenta no controle da mastite bovina. Palavras-chave: vacina; imunidade; ELISA; qPCR; CXCR5 Abstract BANDEIRA, Fernando da Silva. Staphylococcus aureus bacterin containing propolis as adjuvant for mastitis control. 2015. 112f. Theses (Doctor degree in Sciences) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015. Bovine mastitis is a global health problem and many scientific advances have occurred, but the treatment and prevention of disease with existing
Recommended publications
  • Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus Associated with Small Ruminant Mastitis: Biofilm Production and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes
    antibiotics Article Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus Associated with Small Ruminant Mastitis: Biofilm Production and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Nara Cavalcanti Andrade 1, Marta Laranjo 1 , Mateus Matiuzzi Costa 2 and Maria Cristina Queiroga 1,3,* 1 MED–Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; [email protected] (N.C.A.); [email protected] (M.L.) 2 Federal University of the São Francisco Valley, BR 407 Highway, Nilo Coelho Irrigation Project, s/n C1, Petrolina 56300-000, PE, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-266-740-800 Abstract: Small ruminant mastitis is a serious problem, mainly caused by Staphylococcus spp. Different virulence factors affect mastitis pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate virulence factors genes for biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance to β-lactams and tetracyclines in 137 staphylococcal isolates from goats (86) and sheep (51). The presence of coa, nuc, bap, icaA, icaD, blaZ, mecA, mecC, tetK, and tetM genes was investigated. The nuc gene was detected in all S. aureus isolates and in some coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). None of the S. aureus isolates carried the bap gene, while 8 out of 18 CNS harbored this gene. The icaA gene was detected in Citation: Andrade, N.C.; Laranjo, M.; S. aureus and S. warneri, while icaD only in S. aureus. None of the isolates carrying the bap gene Costa, M.M.; Queiroga, M.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    An Investigation of Staphylococcus aureus and Related Species From Flood Affected and Other Environmental Sources A Thesis in Molecular Microbiology by Nadeesha Samanmalee Jayasundara BSc (Environmental Conservation & Management) School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, Australia Thesis submitted to Queensland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Applied Science (Research) May 2014 2 Abstract The genus Staphylococcus consists of 45 species and is widely distributed across environments such as skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals, as well as in soil, water and air. S. aureus and S. epidermidis are the most commonly associated species with human infections. Hence, most studies have focused on clinical and clinically sourced staphylococci. In addition, S. haemoliticus, S. intermidius, S. delphini, and S. saprophiticus are also considered potentially pathogenic members of the genus. Although staphylococci are distributed in various environments, there have been very few studies examining residential air as a reservoir of clinically significant pathogens, particularly Staphylococcus species. As a result, airborne transmission of staphylococci, and associated health risks, remains unclear. This study included not only residential air but also air samples from flood affected houses. Flood water can be considered as a potential carrier of pathogenic bacteria, because flood water can be affected by residential septic systems, municipal sanitary sewer systems, hospital waste, agricultural lands/operations and wastewater treatment plants. Even after the flood waters recede, microorganisms that are transported in water can remain in soil, in or on plant materials and on numerous other surfaces. Therefore, there is a great concern for use of previously flooded indoor and outdoor areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Challenges of Veterinary Microbiological
    POST. MIKROBIOL., CURRENT CHALLENGES OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGICAL 2018, 57, 3, 270–277 http://www.pm.microbiology.pl DIAGNOSTICS CONCERNING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY DOI: 10.21307/PM-2018.57.3.270 OF STAPHYLOCOCCI TO ANTIBIOTICS Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda*, Dorota Chrobak-Chmiel, Magdalena Rzewuska Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Poland Submitted in April, accepted in May 2018 Abstract: Staphylococci belong to bacteria often isolated from clinical material obtained from animals. Unlike in human medicine, in veterinary, different species of coagulase-positive staphylococci are isolated from clinical specimens, and exceptStaphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, and other species are also often recognized. Recently, the taxonomy of staphylococci has been updated, therefore, now it is necessary to recognize the new species as well. Currently, coagulase-negative staphylococci are considered an important group of opportunistic pathogens. The accurate identification of species within the genus Staphylococcus is important because, according to the EUCAST and CLSI recommendations, the interpretation of the results of susceptibility testing for S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci is different. Furthermore, the resistance to methicillin in S. aureus strains is detected using a cefoxitin disk, whereas in the case of S. pseudintermedius – using an oxacillin disk. An important problem for veterinary microbiological laboratories
    [Show full text]
  • Gronkowce Izolowane Od Zwierząt Jako Źródło Genów Kodujących Wielolekooporność Na Antybiotyki O Krytycznym Znaczeniu Dla Zdrowia Publicznego
    626 DOI: 10.21521/mw.5789 Med. Weter. 2017, 73 (10), 626-631 Artykuł przeglądowy Review Gronkowce izolowane od zwierząt jako źródło genów kodujących wielolekooporność na antybiotyki o krytycznym znaczeniu dla zdrowia publicznego MAGDALENA KIZERWETTER-ŚWIDA, JOANNA PŁAWIŃSKA-CZARNAK* Zakład Mikrobiologii, Katedra Nauk Przedklinicznych, Wydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warszawa *Katedra Higieny Żywności i Ochrony Zdrowia Publicznego, Wydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa Otrzymano 30.05.2017 Zaakceptowano 03.07.2017 Kizerwetter-Świda M., Pławińska-Czarnak J. Staphylococci isolated from animals as a source of genes that confer multidrug resistance to antimicrobial agents of critical importance to public health Summary Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health issue. Multidrug resistance (MDR) genes that confer resistance to antimicrobials from different classes are of particular importance in the spread of AMR. Moreover, some of these MDR genes are involved in resistance to critically important antimicrobial agents used in human and veterinary medicine. Staphylococci isolated from animals and humans harbor a wide range of resistance genes, including MDR genes. Location of MDR genes on mobile genetic elements facilitate the exchange of these genes between staphylococci of animal and human origin. The emergence of resistant Staphylococcus spp. is probably linked to therapeutic or prophylactic antimicrobial use through not only direct selection of the corresponding resistance, but also indirect selections via cross-resistance and co-resistance. Judicious use of antibiotics and the knowledge of the genetics of MRD genes and other resistance genes is indispensable to counteract further dissemination of staphylococcal MDR genes.
    [Show full text]
  • Staphylococcus Aureus in Companion Animals: an Infection Source for the Community?
    Aus dem Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Staphylococcus aureus in companion animals: An infection source for the community? Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines PhD of Biomedical Sciences an der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Szilvia Vincze Tierärztin aus Budapest Berlin 2014 Journal-Nr. 3756 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Jürgen Zentek Erster Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Lothar H. Wieler Zweiter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Barbara Kohn Dritter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Uwe Rösler Deskriptoren (nach CAB-Thesaurus): Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, cats, dogs, horses, epidemiology, wound infections, zoonoses, genotypic variation, genotypes Tag der Promotion: 27.02.2015 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.ddb.de> abrufbar. ISBN: 978-3-86387-578-7 Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2014 Dissertation, Freie Universität Berlin D 188 Dieses Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Alle Rechte, auch die der Übersetzung, des Nachdruckes und der Vervielfältigung des Buches, oder Teilen daraus, vorbehalten. Kein Teil des Werkes darf ohne schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages in irgendeiner Form reproduziert oder unter Verwendung elektronischer Systeme verarbeitet, vervielfältigt oder verbreitet werden. Die Wiedergabe von Gebrauchsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen, usw. in diesem Werk berechtigt auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung nicht zu der Annahme, dass solche Namen im Sinne der Warenzeichen- und Markenschutz-Gesetzgebung als frei zu betrachten wären und daher von jedermann benutzt werden dürfen. This document is protected by copyright law. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • Staphylococcus Debuckii Sp. Nov., a Coagulase-Negative Species from Bovine Milk
    TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION Naushad et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.003457 Staphylococcus debuckii sp. nov., a coagulase-negative species from bovine milk Sohail Naushad,1,2,* Uliana Kanevets,1 Diego Nobrega,1,2 Domonique Carson,1,2 Simon Dufour,2,3 Jean-Philippe Roy,2,4 P. Jeffrey Lewis2,5 and Herman W. Barkema1,2 Abstract A novel type strain, designated SDB 2975T (=CECT 9737T=DSM 105892T), of the novel species Staphylococcus debuckii sp. nov. isolated from bovine milk is described. The novel species belongs to the genus Staphylococcus and showed resistance to tetracycline and was oxidase- and coagulase-negative, catalase-positive, and Gram-stain-positive. Phylogenetic relationships of Staphylococcus debuckii SDB 2975T to other staphylococcal species were inferred from 16S rRNA gene and whole- genome-based phylogenetic reconstruction. The 16S rRNA gene comparisons showed that the strain is closely related to Staphylococcus condimenti (99.73 %), Staphylococcus piscifermentans (99.66 %), Staphylococcus carnosus (99.59 %) and Staphylococcus simulans (98.03 %). Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between S.taphylococcus debuckii SDB 2975T and its closely related Staphylococcus species were 83.96, 94.5, 84.03 and 78.09 %, respectively, and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were 27.70, 58.02, 27.70 and 22.00 %, respectively. The genome of Staphylococcus debuckii SDB 2975T was sequenced with PacBio and Illumina technologies and is 2 691 850 bp long, has a G+C content of 36.6 mol% and contains 2678 genes and 80 RNAs, including six copies of each5S rRNA, 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes. Biochemical profiling and a newly developed PCR assay enabled differentiation of Staphylococcus debuckii SDB 2975T and three other SDB strains from its closest staphylococcal species.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Memorandum
    510(k) SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE DETERMINATION DECISION SUMMARY A. 510(k) Number: K181663 B. Purpose for Submission: To obtain clearance for the ePlex Blood Culture Identification Gram-Positive (BCID-GP) Panel C. Measurand: Bacillus cereus group, Bacillus subtilis group, Corynebacterium, Cutibacterium acnes (P. acnes), Enterococcus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus, Listeria, Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Streptococcus, Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS), Streptococcus anginosus group, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS), mecA, mecC, vanA and vanB. D. Type of Test: A multiplexed nucleic acid-based test intended for use with the GenMark’s ePlex instrument for the qualitative in vitro detection and identification of multiple bacterial and yeast nucleic acids and select genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance. The BCID-GP assay is performed directly on positive blood culture samples that demonstrate the presence of organisms as determined by Gram stain. E. Applicant: GenMark Diagnostics, Incorporated F. Proprietary and Established Names: ePlex Blood Culture Identification Gram-Positive (BCID-GP) Panel G. Regulatory Information: 1. Regulation section: 21 CFR 866.3365 - Multiplex Nucleic Acid Assay for Identification of Microorganisms and Resistance Markers from Positive Blood Cultures 2. Classification: Class II 3. Product codes: PAM, PEN, PEO 4. Panel: 83 (Microbiology) H. Intended Use: 1. Intended use(s): The GenMark ePlex Blood Culture Identification Gram-Positive (BCID-GP) Panel is a qualitative nucleic acid multiplex in vitro diagnostic test intended for use on GenMark’s ePlex Instrument for simultaneous qualitative detection and identification of multiple potentially pathogenic gram-positive bacterial organisms and select determinants associated with antimicrobial resistance in positive blood culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships Among
    Lamers et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012, 12:171 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/171 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Phylogenetic relationships among Staphylococcus species and refinement of cluster groups based on multilocus data Ryan P Lamers1,5, Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan1, Todd A Castoe2, Sergio Tafur3, Alexander M Cole1* and Christopher L Parkinson4* Abstract Background: Estimates of relationships among Staphylococcus species have been hampered by poor and inconsistent resolution of phylogenies based largely on single gene analyses incorporating only a limited taxon sample. As such, the evolutionary relationships and hierarchical classification schemes among species have not been confidently established. Here, we address these points through analyses of DNA sequence data from multiple loci (16S rRNA gene, dnaJ, rpoB, and tuf gene fragments) using multiple Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic approaches that incorporate nearly all recognized Staphylococcus taxa. Results: We estimated the phylogeny of fifty-seven Staphylococcus taxa using partitioned-model Bayesian and maximum likelihood analysis, as well as Bayesian gene-tree species-tree methods. Regardless of methodology, we found broad agreement among methods that the current cluster groups require revision, although there was some disagreement among methods in resolution of higher order relationships. Based on our phylogenetic estimates, we propose a refined classification for Staphylococcus with species being classified into 15 cluster groups (based on molecular data) that adhere to six species groups (based on phenotypic properties). Conclusions: Our findings are in general agreement with gene tree-based reports of the staphylococcal phylogeny, although we identify multiple previously unreported relationships among species. Our results support the general importance of such multilocus assessments as a standard in microbial studies to more robustly infer relationships among recognized and newly discovered lineages.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of FISH for Blood Cultures Under Diagnostic Real-Life Conditions
    Original Research Paper Evaluation of FISH for Blood Cultures under Diagnostic Real-Life Conditions Annalena Reitz1, Sven Poppert2,3, Melanie Rieker4 and Hagen Frickmann5,6* 1University Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany 2Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland 3Faculty of Medicine, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland 4MVZ Humangenetik Ulm, Ulm, Germany 5Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 6Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany Received: 04 September 2018; accepted: 18 September 2018 Background: The study assessed a spectrum of previously published in-house fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) probes in a combined approach regarding their diagnostic performance with incubated blood culture materials. Methods: Within a two-year interval, positive blood culture materials were assessed with Gram and FISH staining. Previously described and new FISH probes were combined to panels for Gram-positive cocci in grape-like clusters and in chains, as well as for Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria. Covered pathogens comprised Staphylococcus spp., such as S. aureus, Micrococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., including E. faecium, E. faecalis, and E. gallinarum, Streptococcus spp., like S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, and S. pneumoniae, Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Bacteroides spp. Results: A total of 955 blood culture materials were assessed with FISH. In 21 (2.2%) instances, FISH reaction led to non-interpretable results. With few exemptions, the tested FISH probes showed acceptable test characteristics even in the routine setting, with a sensitivity ranging from 28.6% (Bacteroides spp.) to 100% (6 probes) and a spec- ificity of >95% in all instances.
    [Show full text]
  • Known Mechanisms Account for Less Than Half of Antimicrobial Resistance in a Diverse Collection of Non-Aureus Staphylococci
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.22.449369; this version posted June 22, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Known mechanisms account for less than half of antimicrobial resistance in a diverse 2 collection of non-aureus staphylococci. 3 4 Heather Felgate1,4, Lisa C. Crossman1,2,3, Elizabeth Gray1, Rebecca Clifford1, John Wain1,2, and 5 Gemma C. Langridge1,4 6 7 Affiliations 8 1. Medical Microbiology Research Laboratory, Norwich Medical School, University of 9 East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom. 10 2. School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, 11 Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom. 12 3. SequenceAnalysis.co.uk, Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich, NR4 13 7JG, United Kingdom. 14 4. Current address: Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, 15 NR4 7UA, United Kingdom. 16 17 Running title: Antimicrobial resistance in non-aureus staphylococci 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.22.449369; this version posted June 22, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 18 Abstract 19 Introduction: Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are implicated in many healthcare-acquired 20 infections and an understanding of the genetics of antimicrobial resistance in NAS is 21 important in relation to both clinical intervention and the role of NAS as a reservoir of 22 resistance genes.
    [Show full text]
  • Known Mechanisms Account for Less Than Half of Antimicrobial Resistance in a Diverse
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.22.449369; this version posted July 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Known mechanisms account for less than half of antimicrobial resistance in a diverse 2 collection of non-aureus staphylococci. 3 4 Heather Felgate1,4, Lisa C. Crossman1,2,3, Elizabeth Gray1, Rebecca Clifford1, Annapaula 5 Correia1,5, John Wain1,2, and Gemma C. Langridge1,4 6 7 Affiliations 8 1. Medical Microbiology Research Laboratory, Norwich Medical School, University of 9 East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom. 10 2. School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, 11 Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom. 12 3. SequenceAnalysis.co.uk, Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich, NR4 13 7JG, United Kingdom. 14 4. Current address: Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, 15 NR4 7UA, United Kingdom. 16 5. Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA 17 18 Running title: Antimicrobial resistance in non-aureus staphylococci 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.22.449369; this version posted July 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 19 Abstract 20 Introduction: Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are implicated in many healthcare-acquired 21 infections and an understanding of the genetics of antimicrobial resistance in NAS is 22 important in relation to both clinical intervention and the role of NAS as a reservoir of 23 resistance genes.
    [Show full text]
  • Bakalářská Práce Zdravotní Problematika Rodu Staphylococcus
    JIHOČESKÁ UNIVERZITA V ČESKÝCH BUDĚJOVICÍCH ZEMĚDĚLSKÁ FAKULTA Katedra veterinárních disciplín a kvality produktů Studijní program: B4131 Zemědělství Studijní obor: Trvale udržitelné systémy hospodaření v krajině Bakalářská práce Zdravotní problematika rodu Staphylococcus Autor bakalářské práce: Vedoucí bakalářské práce: Michaela Nejedlá MVDr. Lucie Hasoňová, Ph.D. ČESKÉ BUDĚJOVICE 2013 Prohlášení: Prohlašuji, že svoji bakalářskou práci jsem vypracovala samostatně pouze s použitím pramenů a literatury uvedených v seznamu citované literatury. Prohlašuji, že v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. v platném znění souhlasím se zveřejněním své bakalářské práce, a to v nezkrácené podobě (v úpravě vzniklé vypuštěním vyznačených částí archivovaných Zemědělskou fakultou JU) elektronickou cestou ve veřejně přístupné části databáze STAG provozované Jihočeskou univerzitou v Českých Budějovicích na jejích internetových stránkách. V Sedlici 12.4.2013 .………………… Michaela Nejedlá Poděkování: Na tomto místě bych ráda poděkovala vedoucí bakalářské práce MVDr. Lucii Hasoňové, Ph.D. za její odborné rady, kritické připomínky a značnou trpělivost po dobu naší spolupráce. ABSTRAKT Bakalářská práce zpracovává informace týkající se především onemocnění způsobených druhy rodu Staphylococcus a problematiky narůstající rezistence vůči antibiotikům. Onemocnění mastitidou u mléčného skotu se řadí mezi nejzávažnější a ekonomicky náročná pro zemědělské podniky. Práce se zabývá také alimentárními intoxikacemi u lidí, které způsobují stafylokokové enterotoxiny. Antibiotická rezistence celosvětově roste a vzniká mnohem rychleji, než se stačí objevovat nová antibiotika. Klíčová slova: Staphylococcus, alimentární intoxikace, mastitida, rezistence, antibiotikum ABSTRACT The bachelor thesis deals with the information primarily regarding the diseases caused species of genus Staphylococcus and problems increasing of resistance to antibiotics. The disease of mastitis of dairy cattle belongs to the most serious and costly laborious facts in the agriculture companies.
    [Show full text]