DOCSLIB.ORG

The Planetary Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Planetary Report On the Cover: Volume XIV This infrared image of Jupiter was captured on Table of Number 6 July 18, 1994, with the 1O -meter Keck telescope at the summit of Mauna Kea on the island of November/Dece mber 1994 Hawai i. At lower left, the bright plume from the Contents impact of comet Sh oemake r- Levy 9's fragment G rises above the planet's eastern limb. Thjs picture was taken abou t 10 minu tes after the predicted time of the impact. In this false -color image, yellow represen ts the hottes t areas, and blue, the coo lest. In subse quent shots, this plume bright­ ened to outshine the planet and render it invisi ble Features Departments next to the extreme glare of the plume. Imag e: W.M. Keck Obse rva tory/lmke de Pater, NASA Today, and a Members' James Graham and Garrett Jemigan; 4 3 University of California, Berkeley Vision for Tomorro1N Dialogue In recent years NASA has been repeatedly We 're still hearing from members reacting attacked for lacking an overarching goal to to our recent special issue on planetary direct its activities. Administrator Dan protection. Plus, our article on the proposed Goldin has proposed a new purpose for the Pluto Fast Flyby has provoked a variety of From space agency: the search for planets like responses. our Earth. The 16 Ne~sand The Crash at Last: Revle1Ns Editor 8 Cornet Shoemaker­ Scientific American has put together a Levy 9 Collides provocative and comprehensive special With .Jupiter issue on a topic of interest to Planetary t is the purpose of The Planetary . As chunk after chunk of the fractured comet Society members: life in the universe. I Society to bring the excitement of slammed into Jupiter, observatories on Some of the big guns of science contributed exploring and investigating our solar Earth and in space gathered enough data to articles, and our faithful columnist gives system to as many people as possible overwhelm the scientists who had prepared his views of the contents. around the world. One of the prob­ for months for the events. The saga of lems we face in carrying out our pur­ Shoemaker-Levy 9 is not over yet; we only World pose is the indifference many people begin our coverage in this issue. 17 Watch claim the public has toward happen­ We depart from our usual format in this ings off our own planet. Who cares, 14 Live From Other issue to bring you a close look at the growing they ask, what happens on a planet Worlds: A Pilot Japanese planetary program. like, say, Jupiter? Electronic Field Trip Well , the events on Jupiter in July At The Planetary Society, we 've been 18 Readers' should prove to even the dourest searching for the past few years for new Service skeptic that the public's imagination ways to bring the excitement of exploration In this computer age, we have more choices can still be captured by planetary into the classroom. This is the story of one than just the printed page when searching happenings, both by the sheer specta­ project that melds computers, classrooms for good material for children to read. In cle of interplanetary collisions and and space technology. this year-end issue, we offer members a by their lessons for us on Earth. chance to sample the solar system through Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 focused 15 Watching .Jupiter a CD-ROM as well as through books. the public's attention on the planets, World1Nide and it is now our job to make the The comet collision was all we could have 19 Society most of that interest. Our Jupiter wished for and more- what a spectacular Ne1Ns Watch program will continue beginning for our Jupiter Watch! Here we Here again is your chance to keep up with through Galileo's exploration of the share some of the highlights of this program the latest Society projects and events. jovian system and, with our mem­ so far, and look forward to continuing our bers' help and support, we can keep watch as Galileo approaches the giant 20 Questions and the public interest high. Watch these planet. Ans1Ners pages for coming events and ways Flight time to the closest star system, the you can participate in the planetary effects of gravity in space, and seasonal excitement. changes-you've asked us about many -Charlene M. Anderson disparate topics this time. ~;:C:~~~t,a2'ARif1o~~~~3S0~ ,o(~~~?~gg~~~ ggbll!~~~~~ \~~I~t~y ~~~~;~i~t~~~f~~:~e~~;: ~:~T~~~al~~~~li~te~~nNt~!h u~ab~l i2:::~~ u e, are $25 US dollars or $30. Canadian. Dues outside the US or Canada are $35 (US). Printed in USA. Third--class postage at Pasadena, California, and at an additional mailing office. Canada Post Agreement Number 87424. A Publication of Editor, CHARLENE M. ANDERSON Technical Editor, JAMES D. BURKE Assistant Editor, DONNA ESCANDON STEVENS Copy Editor. GLORIA JOYCE THE-PL.A~T1RV SOCIETV Production Editor, MICHAEL HAGGERTY Art Direc tor, BARBARA S. SMITH Viewpoin ts expressed in columns or ed itorials are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent positions of The Planetary Society, o .~-e- ¢ -& 0 its officers or advisors. © 1994 by The Planetary Society. o j j Board of Directors CARL SAGAN President Director, Laboratory for Planetary Studies, Members' Cornell University BRUCE MURRAY Vice President Professor of Planetary Science, Dialogue California Institute of Technology n LOUIS FRIEOMAN ExecutiveOirector NORMAN R. AUGUSTINE Chairman and CEO, Martin Marietta Corporation JOHN E. BRYSON Chairman and CEO, Southern California Edison JOSEPH RYAN Earthly but asking someone "how you feel" earlier than 2001 and arrive at O'Melveny & Myers Microorganisms about a particular issue is asking Pluto around 2010. STEVEN SPIELBERG Two items in recent issues of The for a lot of information-more It appears that the scientific director and producer LAUREL L. WILKENING Planetary Report (H. Jay Melosh's than can be provided by just one of goals of the Pluto Fast Flyby mis­ ChanceJJor, University of california, Irvine article in July/August and WF. three choices on a questionnaire. sion could be achieved at lower Board of Advisors Mellberg's letter in Members' -STEPHEN PERRIER, cost and with greater effectiveness DIANE ACKERMAN poet and author Dialogue, September/October) Fort Worth, Texas by using a JGA maneuver. The pri­ BUZZ ALDRIN state that viable terrestrial micro­ mary motivation for employing the Apollo 11 astronaut RICHARD BERENDZEN organisms were recovered from Which Way to Pluto? direct-trajectory concept seems to educator and astrophysicist parts of the Surveyor 3 camera Rob Staehle and his coauthors be a justification for using a high­ JACQUES BLAMONT Chief Scientist, Centre National after three years' exposure to the have written an excellent summary tech, microspacecraft design even d'Etudes Spatiales, France RAY BRADBURY lunar environment. It is true that of the proposed Pluto Fast Flyby when it is not required. poet and author the camera parts had been exposed mission. However, they have failed - ROBERT W FARQUHAR, ARTHUR C. CLARKE to the lunar environment for three to address the rationale for avoid­ Columbia, Maryland author CORNELIS DE JAGER years, but it is less clear that the ing the use of a Jupiter gravity­ Professor of Space Research, The AstronomiCdllnstitute at Utrecht, microorganisms had been. assist (JGA) to reach Pluto. (This I must applaud everyone who is the Netherlands FRANK DRAKE I was Surveyor project scientist . subject was hotly debated by a involved in the Pluto Fast Flyby Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics, and custodian of the Surveyor 3 panel of space scientists and engi­ mission: the engineers and stu­ University of CalifornIa, Santa Cruz JOHN GARDNER parts returned from the Moon. A neers at the International Academy dents who are creating the tiny, founder, Common Cause person on my staff witnessed the of Astronautics Conference on advanced science components, MARC GARNEAU Canadian astronaut biological test that led to the find­ Low-Cost Planetary Missions last the team that is putting the mis­ GEORGIY GOLITSYN Institute of Atmospheric Physics, ing of terrestrial microorganisms April.) The advantages of the JGA sion together and making sure it Russian Academy of Sciences on the camera. He reported that a technique are readily apparent­ fits within weight and price restric­ THEODORE M. HESBURGH President Emeritus, breach of sterile procedure had either a much larger payload mass tions, the Society for its detailed University of Notre Dame occurred: an implement used in the capability or a smaller launch vehi­ account of the mission and even SHIRLEY M. HUFSTEDLER educator and jurist test was put down on a nonsterile cle requirement could be achieved the bureaucratic pressures that GARRY E. HUNT laboratory bench and then, without with flight times under 10 years. have resulted in the restrictions space scientist, United Kingdom SERGEI KAPI TSA re-sterilization, touched to the For example, an Atlas launch on today's spacecraft. Institute for Physical Problems, camera. It is, therefore, quite pos­ vehicle could deliver a 380-kilo­ Microspacecraft like the Pluto Russian Academy of Sciences GEN. DONALD J. KUTYNA (RET.) sible that the microorganisms were gram (835-pound) spacecraft to mission will bring humanity clos­ former Commander, US Space Command transferred to the camera after its Pluto in 9.5 years, or a Proton er to space than ever before, as JOHN M. LOGSDON Director, Space Policy Institute, return to Earth, and that they had launch vehicle could transfer a politicians become more willing George Washington University HANS MARK never been to the Moon. 500-kilogram (l,lOO-pound) pay­ to fund more missions in the face The University of Texas at Austin -LEONARD D.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE PLANETARY REPORT DECEMBER SOLSTICE 2016 VOLUME 36, NUMBER 4 Planetary.Org
    THE PLANETARY REPORT DECEMBER SOLSTICE 2016 VOLUME 36, NUMBER 4 planetary.org A PEAK YEAR 2016 YEAR IN PICTURES PRESERVING OUR PAST C ROCKET ROAD TRIP C CALLING CHARTER MEMBERS Calling All Charter Members Envisioning a New Outreach Program A PLANETARY SOCIETY charter member is a I contacted Robin Young, the Society’s person whose membership began in 1980 or donor relations coordinator, and we began TOP LEFT A special evening reception and 1981 and who remains active today. We charter an e-mail dialog that led to a conference call fundraiser opened The members have a long-term perspective about between Robin, Society Chief Development Planetary Society’s The Planetary Society and the importance of Officer Richard Chute, and myself. We brain- 35th Anniversary its ongoing goals and plans, and we can be stormed on potential ways in which charter celebrations on October a power base of talent, ability, and ideas for members, working together under the direc- 23, 2015. At Pasadena’s the Society. However, there has not been a tion and guidance of a Planetary Society staff famed Huntington Library, cofounder format for us to organize and work together member, could make a wide variety of impor- Louis D. Friedman on projects for The Planetary Society. tant contributions. told stories about The At the Society’s 35th Anniversary celebra- The concept is nebulous at this point, but Planetary Society’s tions in Pasadena last year, several of us charter we would like to know whether the general inception and early members got acquainted and our conversa- idea of a task force of charter members days to our charter members, friends, tions almost always led to our remembrances working together on a project appeals to you.
    [Show full text]
  • Planetary Defence Activities Beyond NASA and ESA
    Planetary Defence Activities Beyond NASA and ESA Brent W. Barbee 1. Introduction The collision of a significant asteroid or comet with Earth represents a singular natural disaster for a myriad of reasons, including: its extraterrestrial origin; the fact that it is perhaps the only natural disaster that is preventable in many cases, given sufficient preparation and warning; its scope, which ranges from damaging a city to an extinction-level event; and the duality of asteroids and comets themselves---they are grave potential threats, but are also tantalising scientific clues to our ancient past and resources with which we may one day build a prosperous spacefaring future. Accordingly, the problems of developing the means to interact with asteroids and comets for purposes of defence, scientific study, exploration, and resource utilisation have grown in importance over the past several decades. Since the 1980s, more and more asteroids and comets (especially the former) have been discovered, radically changing our picture of the solar system. At the beginning of the year 1980, approximately 9,000 asteroids were known to exist. By the beginning of 2001, that number had risen to approximately 125,000 thanks to the Earth-based telescopic survey efforts of the era, particularly the emergence of modern automated telescopic search systems, pioneered by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT’s) LINEAR system in the mid-to-late 1990s.1 Today, in late 2019, about 840,000 asteroids have been discovered,2 with more and more being found every week, month, and year. Of those, approximately 21,400 are categorised as near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), 2,000 of which are categorised as Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs)3 and 2,749 of which are categorised as potentially accessible.4 The hazards posed to us by asteroids affect people everywhere around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • The Planetary Report, to Make Those Discoveries Acces­ 20 Questions and Sible to All of Our Members
    - --_.- .. .. _-- The Volume XIV On the Cover : Skywatchers will be poised to observe the heavenly Table of Number 1 stri ng of pearls kn own as comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 January/February 1994 thi s July when it crashes into Jupi te r's swirling atmo­ Contents sphere. This is an en largement of an image captured by the Hubble Space Tel escope (HSl) on July 1,1993, showing the reg ion of the brig htest nucleus of the comet, torn apart when it came too cl ose to Jupiter in 1992. This "bright nucleus " is actually a group of at least four separate pieces. The span of th is enti re Features image covers abou t 64,000 kilomete rs (40,000 miles). North is at the lower right. Image: H.A. Weaver and Bodies at the 16 Readers' T.E. Smith, Space Te lescope Science Institute, NASA 4 Brink Service Decades ago legendary planetary scientist The new mathematical field of chaos is Gerard P. Kuiper theorized that a band of difficult to penetrate, yet its somewhat comets orbited at the edge of our solar whimsical name and surprising predic­ From system. Telescopes of his time couldn't tions intrigue even the mathematically test this hypothesis, but now, working unsophisticated. Our featured book looks The with new equipment, astronomers have at chaos' applications to understanding discovered the first evidence that Kuiper our solar system. Editor was right. World Jupiter Watch: 17 Watch es, we have changed the 8 The Celestial Necklace It's a time of birth and death for NASA: Y design of The Planetary Breaks Its program to search for extraterrestrial Report; your eyes do not deceive This July, comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 will radio signals has been canceled by Congress, you.
    [Show full text]
  • Ice& Stone 2020
    Ice & Stone 2020 WEEK 51: DECEMBER 13-19 Presented by The Earthrise Institute # 51 Authored by Alan Hale COMET OF THE WEEK: The Great Comet of 1680 Perihelion: 1680 December 18.49, q = 0.006 AU The Great Comet of 1680 over Rotterdam in The Netherlands, during late December 1680 as painted by the Dutch artist Lieve Verschuier. This particular comet was undoubtedly one of the brightest comets of the 17th Century, but it is also one of the most important comets in history from a scientific perspective, and perhaps even from the perspective of overall human history. While there were certainly plenty of superstitions attached to the comet’s appearance, the scientific investigations made of it were among the beginnings of the era in European history we now call The Enlightenment, and indeed, in a sense the Great Comet of 1680 can perhaps be considered as one of the sparks of that era. The significance began with the comet’s discovery, which was made on the morning of November 14, 1680, by a German astronomer residing in Coburg, Gottfried Kirch – the first comet ever to be discovered by means of a telescope. It was already around 4th magnitude at that time, and located near the star Regulus in the constellation Leo; from that point it traveled eastward and brightened rapidly, being closest to Earth (0.42 AU) on November 30. By that time it was a conspicuous naked-eye object with a tail 20 to 30 degrees long, and it remained visible for another week before disappearing into morning twilight.
    [Show full text]
  • Geomagnetic Effect of the Bering Sea Meteoroid
    RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES vol. 20, 6, 2020, doi: 10.2205/2020ES000748 Geomagnetic effect of the Bering Sea meteoroid B. G. Gavrilov1, V. A. Pilipenko2,3, Y. V. Poklad1, I. A. Ryakhovsky1 1Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, (IDG RAS), Moscow, Russia 2Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPE RAS), Moscow, Russia 3Geophysical Center RAS (GC RAS), Moscow, Russia c 2020 Geophysical Center RAS Abstract. Possibilities of studies of the geomagnetic effects produced by the interaction of a cosmic bodies with the magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere system are very limited due to extremely small number of examined events. Here we present geomagnetic observations at an array of magnetometers during Bering Sea Bolide event on December 18, 2018 when a space body entered the Earth's atmosphere and exploded at the altitude of ∼ 25 km near Kamchatka. It has been found that the short-lived electromagnetic signal appeared before the explosion and, consequently, was trigged by the passage of a meteoroid through the inner magnetosphere. Geomagnetic disturbances of the same duration and frequency of oscillations were detected both in the area adjacent to the explosion site in the Northern hemisphere and in the magnetically conjugated area in the Southern hemisphere. This is the e-book version of the article, published in Russian Journal of Earth Sciences (doi:10.2205/2020ES000748). It is generated from the original source file using LaTeX's ebook.cls class. These observations may be provisionally inter- preted as a triggered excitation of resonant field line oscillations in the inner magnetosphere by the fast-moving meteoroid.
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Page
    Vol 49 Page 3 Vol 65 Page 20 Djinnang Reunion. Ernie Gimm says: “I have been speaking to a few of the ex-communicator “oldies” who are becoming increasingly concerned about the number of us prematurely dropping off the perch so to speak. With that in mind, we think we should think about renewing old friendships, and there is no better place or time to do this than at the next Djinnang Reunion on 25th May. It only takes a few of you to put your names down on the web site in the hope that a few more will follow. Come on guys, your Committee works tirelessly to put this function on for you so the least we can do is support them. Some of us travel from all corners of the continent so the Brisbane locals should have few excuses. I would personally like to see a few more of the ladies from Frognall such as Mary(nee) Moore, Dottie(nee) Hodge, Noreen Barry etc. and wives of departed members re-attending; not to mention some of the fellas. Please give it some serious thought people and commit early, remember, life is short so live it up” The 2019 reunion will be held in the Colonial Bar at the Port Office Hotel, which is on the corner of Edward and Margaret Sts Brisbane. The Hotel Jen closed its doors at the end of 2018. The Colonial Bar is upstairs but there is also a small lift for those requiring it. You just have to ask one of the staff members to escort you to the lift.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander T. Basilevsky
    1 CURRICULUM VITAE Alexander T. Bazilevskiy (in publications use spelling Basilevsky) Born: 4 October, 1937 in Voronezh, Russia Education and Scientific Degrees: 1959, Master of Science in Geology, Voronezh State University, Voronezh. 1968, Doctor of Philosophy in Geochemistry, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. 1986, Doctor of Sciences in Geochemistry and Planetary Science, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. 2007, Professor in Geochemistry, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Professional Career 1954-1959, Student of Geological Department of Voronezh State University, Voronezh; 1959-1963, Junior Geologist, Geologist, Senior Geologist of the Geologic Mapping Expedition, Geologic Office of Central Regions, USSR Ministry of Geology and Protection of Earth Interiors, Moscow; 1:200,000 Geologic mapping in Moscow, Tambov, Vladimir and Voronezh provinces; 1963-1966, PhD Student of Geological Department of Moscow State University, Moscow; Experimental petrology of mafic and ultramafic rocks; 1966-1968, Senior Geologist of the Geologic Mapping Expedition, Geologic Office of Central Regions, USSR Ministry of Geology and Protection of Earth Interiors, Moscow; Geochemical Prospecting for Ore Deposits in Belgorod, Kursk, Lipetsk and Voronezh provinces of Central Russia; 1968-1975, Junior Scientist, Senior Scientist of Institute for Space Research, USSR Academy of Sciences,
    [Show full text]
  • WG Triennial Report (2018-2021)
    The following is a list of names of features that were approved between the 2018 Report to the IAU GA and the 2021 IAU GA (features named between 1/24/2018 and 03/17/2021). Mercury (49) Craters (16) Angelou Maya, American author and poet (1928 – 2014). Bellini Giovanni; Italian painter (1430‐1516). Berry Charles Edward Anderson "Chuck": American singer and songwriter (1926‐ 2017). Bunin Ivan, Russian author of prose and poetry; first Russian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1933. (1861 – 1941). Canova Antonio, marchese d’Ischia; Italian sculptor (1757‐1822). Carleton William; Irish writer (1794‐1869). Gordimer Nadine (1923‐2014), South African writer; recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1991) and the Booker Prize (1974). Jiménez Juan Ramón, Spanish poet and author (1881 – 1958). Josetsu Taikō, Japanese ink painter (1405 – 1496). Kirby Jack, American illustrator (1917 – 1994). Martins Maria, Brazilian sculptor (1894‐1973). Rizal José, Filipino writer (1861 – 1896). Strauss Strauss family of musicians. Travers Pamela Lyndon (born Helen Lyndon Goff); Australian‐born British writer best known for Mary Poppins series of children’s books (1899‐1996). Vazov Ivan, Bulgarian poet (1850‐1921). Wen Tianxiang Wen Tianxiang; Chinese writer and poet (1236‐1283). Faculae (25) Abeeso Facula Somali word for snake. Agwo Facula Igbo (Southeastern Nigeria) word for snake. Amaru Facula Quechua word for snake. Bibilava Faculae Malagasy (Madagascar) word for snake. Bitin Facula Cebuano (S. Philippines) word for snake. Coatl Facula Aztec (Nahuatl) word for snake. Ejo Faculae Yoruba (Nigeria) word for snake. Gata Facula Fijian and Samoan word for snake. Havu Facula Kannada (SW India) word for snake.
    [Show full text]
  • Article Radius, and Mass Quantitative Geophysical Analysis
    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12189–12206, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12189-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Geometric estimation of volcanic eruption column height from GOES-R near-limb imagery – Part 1: Methodology Ákos Horváth1, James L. Carr2, Olga A. Girina3, Dong L. Wu4, Alexey A. Bril5, Alexey A. Mazurov5, Dmitry V. Melnikov3, Gholam Ali Hoshyaripour6, and Stefan A. Buehler1 1Meteorological Institute, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 2Carr Astronautics, Greenbelt, MD, USA 3Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IVS FEB RAS), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia 4NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA 5Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SRI RAS), Moscow, Russia 6Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany Correspondence: Ákos Horváth ([email protected], [email protected]) Received: 21 February 2021 – Discussion started: 23 March 2021 Revised: 2 July 2021 – Accepted: 6 July 2021 – Published: 16 August 2021 Abstract. A geometric technique is introduced to estimate atmospheric dispersion models, which require the eruptive the height of volcanic eruption columns using the gener- source parameters, especially plume height and the mass ally discarded near-limb portion of geostationary imagery. eruption rate (MER), as key inputs (Peterson et al., 2015). Such oblique observations facilitate a height-by-angle esti- Plume height and MER are related by dynamics, and the lat- mation method by offering close-to-orthogonal side views ter scales approximately as the fourth power of the former.
    [Show full text]
  • Inclusive Education Forum
    INCLUSIVE EDUCATION FORUM DAILY NEWS ANALYSIS (PRELIMS) JANUARY 2019 INSTRUCTIONS FOR READING THE DOCUMENT 1. Read the document with complete focus and commitment. 2. Try to understand the subject and comprehend the things. 3. Important points are highlighted in the document; pay more attention towards them as they are very important from examination point of view. 4. After completion of reading the document have a quick recap of things by closing your eyes. 5. While reading the document make an assumption that you are gaining knowledge rather than preparing from examination. This way of thinking relieves you from psychological pressure of exam and stress of competition. 6. Read the document as active learner rather than passive reader by igniting your thought process. ABOUT INCLUSIVE EDUCATION FORUM (IEF) 1. IEF is purely a non-profit and social initiative established in the lines of NGO to provide low cost educational services for ensuring accessibility and affordability to all sections of society. 2. Please do not share the document with others instead refer the organisation to your friend for subscription. Survival and successful running of organisation depends on subscription amount you pay to the organisation. 3. Please do support our organisation which is striving for a noble cause and please encourage ethical organisations. 4. By subscribing to our educational services you are becoming an integral part of organisation for championing a moral objective. 5. For every subscription amount you pay for the organisation 20% would be donated to other NGO with which we have collaborated with. This signifies that our organisation is taking the role of fund raising for our partner NGO who are making noteworthy work for wellbeing of society.
    [Show full text]
  • TSUNAMI HAZARDS the International Journal of the Tsunami Society Volume 17 Number 3 1999
    ISSN 0736-5306 SCIENCE OF TSUNAMI HAZARDS The International Journal of The Tsunami Society Volume 17 Number 3 1999 FIRST TSUNAMI SYMPOSIUM PAPERS - III COMET AND ASTEROID HAZARDS: THREAT AND MITIGATION 141 Johndale C. Solem Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA ASTEROID IMPACTS: THE EXTRA HAZARD DUE TO TSUNAMI 155 Michael P. Paine The Planetary Society Australian Volunteers, Sidney, Australia TSUNAMIS ON THE COASTLINES OF INDIA 167 T. S. Murty W. F. Baird Coastal Engineers, Ottawa, Canada A. Bapat Pune, India DESTRUCTIVE TSUNAMIS AND TSUNAMI WARNING IN CENTRAL AMERICA 173 Mario Fernandez University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica Jens Havsokv and Kuvvet Atakan Institute of Solid Earth, University of Bergen, Norway EVALUATION OF TSUNAMI RISK FOR MITIGATION AND WARNING 187 George D. Curtis University of Hawaii - Hilo, Hawaii USA Efim N. Pelinovsky Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny, Novgorod, Russia ANALYSIS OF MECHANISM OF TSUNAMI GENERATION IN LITUYA BAY 193 George Pararas-Carayannis Honolulu, Hawaii USA Book Review - Tsunami! by Dudley and Lee 207 TSUNAMI SOCIETY AWARDS 208 FIRST TSUNAMI SYMPOSIUM GROUP PHOTOGRAPH 209 copyright @ 1999 THE TSUNAMI SOCIETY P.O.Box 25218, Honolulu, HI 96825, USA OBJECTIVE: The Tsunami Society publishes this journal to increase and disseminate knowledge about tsunamis and their hazards. DISCLAIMER: Although these articles have been technically reviewed by peers, The Tsunami Society is not responsible for the veracity of any state- ment , opinion or consequences. EDITORIAL STAFF Dr. Charles Mader, Editor Mader Consulting Co. 1049 Kamehame Dr., Honolulu, HI. 96825-2860, USA Mr. Michael Blackford, Publisher EDITORIAL BOARD Dr. Antonio Baptista, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology Professor George Carrier, Harvard University Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Earth a CHRONICLE of DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION, 1958–2016
    Beyond Earth A CHRONICLE OF DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION, 1958–2016 Asif A. Siddiqi Beyond Earth A CHRONICLE OF DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION, 1958–2016 by Asif A. Siddiqi NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Office of Communications NASA History Division Washington, DC 20546 NASA SP-2018-4041 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Siddiqi, Asif A., 1966– author. | United States. NASA History Division, issuing body. | United States. NASA History Program Office, publisher. Title: Beyond Earth : a chronicle of deep space exploration, 1958–2016 / by Asif A. Siddiqi. Other titles: Deep space chronicle Description: Second edition. | Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Communications, NASA History Division, [2018] | Series: NASA SP ; 2018-4041 | Series: The NASA history series | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017058675 (print) | LCCN 2017059404 (ebook) | ISBN 9781626830424 | ISBN 9781626830431 | ISBN 9781626830431?q(paperback) Subjects: LCSH: Space flight—History. | Planets—Exploration—History. Classification: LCC TL790 (ebook) | LCC TL790 .S53 2018 (print) | DDC 629.43/509—dc23 | SUDOC NAS 1.21:2018-4041 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017058675 Original Cover Artwork provided by Ariel Waldman The artwork titled Spaceprob.es is a companion piece to the Web site that catalogs the active human-made machines that freckle our solar system. Each space probe’s silhouette has been paired with its distance from Earth via the Deep Space Network or its last known coordinates. This publication is available as a free download at http://www.nasa.gov/ebooks. ISBN 978-1-62683-043-1 90000 9 781626 830431 For my beloved father Dr.
    [Show full text]