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Isamu Akasaki(Professor at Meijo University
Nanotechnology and Materials (FY2016 update) Meeting the challenge of "impossible" technology Succeeded in the practical implementation of blue light-emitting diode! Research in the unattainable territory that won the Nobel Prize The 2014 Nobel Physics Prize was presented to blue LED. The development of blue LED resulted in the three researchers, Professor Isamu Akasaki, Professor commercialization of much brighter and energy-saving Hiroshi Amano and Professor Shuji Nakamura for the white light, thus contributing to energy conservation invention of an efficient blue light-emitting diode (LED). in the world and an improvement of people's lives in Red LEDs and yellow-green LEDs were developed in the areas without sufficient electricity. In addition to their 1960s; however, practical implementation of blue LEDs use as light sources, blue LEDs are now being widely was so difficult that it was even said that "it would be applied in various fields such as information technology, impossible to realize blue LEDs by the end of the 20th transportation, medicine and agriculture. Additionally, century." Amid such a circumstance, Professor Akasaki, the technology to put gallium nitride into practical Professor Amano and Professor Nakamura worked on implementation developed by the three researchers is the high-quality single crystallization and the p-type expected to find various applications in the future, such doping of gallium nitride (GaN), both of which had been as an application in power devices that serve as electric given up by researchers around the world. Their efforts power converters in electric vehicles and smart grids, from the 1980s to the 1990s finally led to their success next-generation power distribution grids,. -
Research Project for Physics 140 Fall 2018: Solid State Physics
Research Project for Physics 140 Fall 2018: Solid State Physics Research an experimental technique, a solid state system, or a physical phenomenon. Topics include: Hall effect transmission electron microscopy scanning electron microscopy heat capacity measurements molecular beam epitaxy superconductivity, conventional or Fe-based carbon nanotubes thermoelectrics piezoelectrics some recent physics Nobel prizes in solid state: Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura “for the invention of efficient blue light- emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources” Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov “for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two- dimensional material graphene” Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith“for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor” Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg“for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance” Clifford G. Shull“for the development of the neutron diffraction technique” J. Georg Bednorz and K. Alexander Müller“for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials” Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer“for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope” Klaus von Klitzing“for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect” Due: 8-minute presentation Due: _____________ 4-page paper (single spaced, the page limit includes equations and diagrams). Due: _________ The presentation and paper should address the following: (1) What is this phenomenon, system or technique? Describe it, and one of its applications or current research questions in this area. (2) Describe one or two aspects of this topic in detail. Focus on physics. This should be the main part of your presentation/paper. Include appropriate references. Cite where you found your information. -
Communications-Mathematics and Applied Mathematics/Download/8110
A Mathematician's Journey to the Edge of the Universe "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." ― Socrates Manjunath.R #16/1, 8th Main Road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar, Bangalore560010, Karnataka, India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] *Website: http://www.myw3schools.com/ A Mathematician's Journey to the Edge of the Universe What’s the Ultimate Question? Since the dawn of the history of science from Copernicus (who took the details of Ptolemy, and found a way to look at the same construction from a slightly different perspective and discover that the Earth is not the center of the universe) and Galileo to the present, we (a hoard of talking monkeys who's consciousness is from a collection of connected neurons − hammering away on typewriters and by pure chance eventually ranging the values for the (fundamental) numbers that would allow the development of any form of intelligent life) have gazed at the stars and attempted to chart the heavens and still discovering the fundamental laws of nature often get asked: What is Dark Matter? ... What is Dark Energy? ... What Came Before the Big Bang? ... What's Inside a Black Hole? ... Will the universe continue expanding? Will it just stop or even begin to contract? Are We Alone? Beginning at Stonehenge and ending with the current crisis in String Theory, the story of this eternal question to uncover the mysteries of the universe describes a narrative that includes some of the greatest discoveries of all time and leading personalities, including Aristotle, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton, and the rise to the modern era of Einstein, Eddington, and Hawking. -
KITCHEN CHEMISTRY Bijeta Roynath & Prasanta Kumar Sahoo
Test Your Knowledge KITCHEN CHEMISTRY Bijeta Roynath & Prasanta Kumar Sahoo 1. The common cooking fuel, Liquefied Petroleum Gas 10. Which of the following could be produced by the gas (LPG), is a mixture of two hydrocarbons. These are: stove? (a) Methane and Butane (b) Propane and Butane (a) Nitrogen Oxides (b) Sulphur dioxides (c) Oxygen and Hydrogen (d) Hexane and Propane (c) Carbon monoxide (d) Dihydrogen oxide 2. Hydrocarbons in LPG are colourless and odourless. 11. Which of the following chemical is found in dish- Therefore, a strong smelling agent added to LPG washing detergent? cylinders to detect leakage is: (a) Carbon monoxide (b) Chlorine (a) Ethyl mercaptan (b) Nitrous oxide (c) Sulphur dioxide (d) Lithium (c) Hydrogen sulfide (d) Chloroform 12. Proteins help build our body and carbohydrates 3. Chemical irritant produced during chopping an provide energy to the body. The protein and onion (Allium cepa) which makes our eye weepy is: carbohydrate found in milk are: (a) Allinase (b) Sulfoxide (a) Albumin and maltose (b) Pepsin and sucrose (c) Syn-propanethial-S-oxide (d) Allyl mercaptan (c) Collagen and fructose (d) Casein and lactose 4. The powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant 13. Salt readily absorbs water from the surroundings. properties of haldi or turmeric (Curcuma longa) are Sprinkling salt on salad releases water from it after due to presence of: few seconds. The process is: (a) Curcumin (b) Gingerol (a) Osmosis (b) Adsorption (c) Cymene (d) Capsaicin (c) Dehydration (d) Oxidation 5. The active ingredient in chilli peppers (Capsicum) 14. Washing hands before eating prevents illness which produces heat and burning sensation in the by killing germs. -
Award Winning Research Kyoto University Is Acknowledged As One of the Most Accomplished Research-Oriented Universities in Asia
Award Winning Research Kyoto University is acknowledged as one of the most accomplished research-oriented universities in Asia. That reputation is 2016 testified by the accolades conferred on our alumni and researchers, most notably nine Nobel Prize laureates who undertook vital research during their time at the university. In addition to those awards, several other Kyoto University faculty members have received major accolades, including two Fields Medalists, one Gauss Prize winner, and five Lasker Award winners. Nobel Prize 1949, Physics 1965, Physics 1981, Chemistry 1987, Physiology and 2001, Chemistry Hideki Yukawa Shinichiro Tomonaga Kenichi Fukui Medicine Ryoji Noyori Susumu Tonegawa 2008, Physics 2008, Physics 2012, Physiology or 2014, Physics Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa Medicine Isamu Akasaki Shinya Yamanaka Fields Medal Gauss Prize Kyoto Prize 1970, Mathematics 1990, Mathematics 2006, Mathematics 1995, Basic Sciences 1998, Basic Sciences 2004, 2010, Heisuke Hironaka Shigefumi Mori Kiyoshi Ito Chushiro Hayashi Kiyoshi Ito Advanced Technology Advanced Technology Alan Curtis Kay Shinya Yamanaka Japan Prize Lasker Award 2005, Information and 2005, Cell Biology 1987, Basic Medical 1989, Basic Medical 1998, Basic Medical 2009, Basic Medical 2014, Basic Medical Media Technology Masatoshi Takeichi Research Research Research Research Research Makoto Nagao Susumu Tonegawa Yasutomi Nishizuka Yoshio Masui Shinya Yamanaka Kazutoshi Mori *photos provided by the Japan Prize Foundation ©e Nobel Foundation2012 photo by Alexander Mahmoud Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, director of the Prof. Kayo Inaba, Kyoto University’s Prof. Kazutoshi Mori of Kyoto Center for iPS Cell Research and executive vice-president for gender University’s Graduate School of Science Application (CiRA), receives the 2012 equality, international affairs, and public receiving the 2014 Albert Lasker Award Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. -
The Links of Chain of Development of Physics from Past to the Present in a Chronological Order Starting from Thales of Miletus
ISSN (Online) 2393-8021 IARJSET ISSN (Print) 2394-1588 International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5, Issue 10, October 2018 The Links of Chain of Development of Physics from Past to the Present in a Chronological Order Starting from Thales of Miletus Dr.(Prof.) V.C.A NAIR* Educational Physicist, Research Guide for Physics at Shri J.J.T. University, Rajasthan-333001, India. *[email protected] Abstract: The Research Paper consists mainly of the birth dates of scientists and philosophers Before Christ (BC) and After Death (AD) starting from Thales of Miletus with a brief description of their work and contribution to the development of Physics. The author has taken up some 400 odd scientists and put them in a chronological order. Nobel laureates are considered separately in the same paper. Along with the names of researchers are included few of the scientific events of importance. The entire chain forms a cascade and a ready reference for the reader. The graph at the end shows the recession in the earlier centuries and its transition to renaissance after the 12th century to the present. Keywords: As the contents of the paper mainly consists of names of scientists, the key words are many and hence the same is not given I. INTRODUCTION As the material for the topic is not readily available, it is taken from various sources and the collection and compiling is a Herculean task running into some 20 pages. It is given in 3 parts, Part I, Part II and Part III. In Part I the years are given in Chronological order as per the year of birth of the scientist and accordingly the serial number. -
Report and Opinion 2016;8(6) 1
Report and Opinion 2016;8(6) http://www.sciencepub.net/report Beyond Einstein and Newton: A Scientific Odyssey Through Creation, Higher Dimensions, And The Cosmos Manjunath R Independent Researcher #16/1, 8 Th Main Road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar, Bangalore: 560010, Karnataka, India [email protected], [email protected] “There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement.” : Lord Kelvin Abstract: General public regards science as a beautiful truth. But it is absolutely-absolutely false. Science has fatal limitations. The whole the scientific community is ignorant about it. It is strange that scientists are not raising the issues. Science means truth, and scientists are proponents of the truth. But they are teaching incorrect ideas to children (upcoming scientists) in schools /colleges etc. One who will raise the issue will face unprecedented initial criticism. Anyone can read the book and find out the truth. It is open to everyone. [Manjunath R. Beyond Einstein and Newton: A Scientific Odyssey Through Creation, Higher Dimensions, And The Cosmos. Rep Opinion 2016;8(6):1-81]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1. doi:10.7537/marsroj08061601. Keywords: Science; Cosmos; Equations; Dimensions; Creation; Big Bang. “But the creative principle resides in Subaltern notable – built on the work of the great mathematics. In a certain sense, therefore, I hold it astronomers Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus true that pure thought can -
Highlights of Modern Physics and Astrophysics
Highlights of Modern Physics and Astrophysics How to find the “Top Ten” in Physics & Astrophysics? - List of Nobel Laureates in Physics - Other prizes? Templeton prize, … - Top Citation Rankings of Publication Search Engines - Science News … - ... Nobel Laureates in Physics Year Names Achievement 2020 Sir Roger Penrose "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity" Reinhard Genzel, Andrea Ghez "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy" 2019 James Peebles "for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology" Michel Mayor, Didier Queloz "for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star" 2018 Arthur Ashkin "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics", in particular "for the optical tweezers and their application to Gerard Mourou, Donna Strickland biological systems" "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics", in particular "for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses" Nobel Laureates in Physics Year Names Achievement 2017 Rainer Weiss "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the Kip Thorne, Barry Barish observation of gravitational waves" 2016 David J. Thouless, "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions F. Duncan M. Haldane, and topological phases of matter" John M. Kosterlitz 2015 Takaaki Kajita, "for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that Arthur B. MsDonald neutrinos have mass" 2014 Isamu Akasaki, "for the invention of -
Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura Have Been
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2014 to Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura “for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting The Nobel Prize 2014 in Physics diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources”. the Nobel Foundation. Nobel the Nobel Prize® and the Nobel Prize® medal design mark are registered trademarks of 1 p-GaN p-AIGaN Zn-doped InGaN New light n-AIGaN n-GaN GaN buffer layer Sapphire substrate on the world p-layer (positively charged holes) Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura have been active layer n-layer (negatively recognised for their invention of a new energy-efficient and bright charged electrons) light source – the blue light-emitting diode (LED). In the spirit of Alfred Nobel the Prize rewards an invention of greatest benefit to mankind: using blue LEDs, white light can be created in a new way. 1 1. The LED When Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Incandescent light bulbs lit the 20th century; The heart of a light-emitting diode, no larger Nakamura produced bright blue light beams the 21st century will be lit by LED lamps. than a grain of sand, consists of several layers from their semiconductors in the early 1990s, White LED lamps, with a blue light-emitting of semiconducting materials: an n-layer with they triggered a fundamental transformation in diode at their heart, emit a bright white light, a surplus of negative electrons, and a p-layer lighting technology. Red and green diodes had are long-lasting and energy-efficient. -
Prof. Yasuhiko Arakawa
Prof. Yasuhiko Arakawa Institute for Nano Quantum Information Electronics, The University of Tokyo [email protected] Biography Yasuhiko Arakawa received the B.E., M.E., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, in 1975, 1977, and 1980, respectively. In 1980, he joined The University of Tokyo as an Assistant Professor and became a Full Professor in 1993. He is now Professor Emeritus and a Specially- Appointed Professor at the Institute for Nano Quantum Information Electronics, The University of Tokyo. He received numerous awards, such as the ISCS Quantum Devices Award in 2002, the Leo Esaki Award in 2004, the IEEE/LEOS William Streifer Award in 2004, the Fujiwara Award in 2007, the Prime Minister Award in 2007, the Medal with Purple Ribbon in 2009, the IEEE David Sarnoff Award in 2009, the C&C Award in 2010, the Heinrich Welker Award in 2011, the OSA Nick Holonyak Jr. Award in 2011, the JSAP Isamu Akasaki Award in 2012, the JSAP Achievement Award in 2014. the Japan Academy Prize in 2017, and the IEEE Jun-ichi Nishizawa Medal in 2019. He was selected as a Foreign Member of the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE) in 2017. He is a Life Fellow of IEEE and Fellows of OSA, JSAP, and IEICE. Abstract - Advances in quantum dot light sources Since the first proposal of semiconductor quantum dot by Arakawa and Sakaki in 1982, the quantum dots have been intensively studied for both solid-state physics and advanced device applications. The full quantum-mechanical confinement of electrons has enabled the realization of high performance quantum lasers, high-sensitivity quantum dot infrared detectors, and quantum information devices such as single photon sources. -
2014 Nobel Prize in Physics > Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, and Shuji
Program: An Overview of the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, Physics and Medicine r Speakers: Scientech Club members Dick Carter, Alan Schmidt, and Tom Lauer Introduced by: Jim Willson Attendance: 98 Guests: Marvin Miller, Charly Baldwin, Aron Krerowicz Scribe: John Peer Editor: Carl Warner Jim Willson proposed today’s format suggested by former member Barry Dreikorn who participates in a similar technical club in New Jersey. The idea is to serve our members with a discussion of the importance of Nobel Prize winning discoveries. Nobel winning discoveries often result in significant scientific breakthroughs which have far reaching effects in our everyday lives with insulin and penicillin being prime examples. Each speaker provided a 15 minute discussion of a recent Nobel Prize winning discovery, its relevance, and possible applications. For discussion of Nobel Prizes in general and in layman terms, Jim suggests www.NobelPrize.org Dick Carter from Sharpsville earned his Bachelors of Science in Physics plus some Masters courses from Purdue. He enjoyed a 40 year career at Delco in Kokomo where he was involved in a wide range of programs including solar cells, Silicon and Germanium transistors, hybrid microelectronics, electric vehicle power switches, and technology planning. He continues as a consultant with various firms. Dick joined Scientech Club in 2010 and has served on the Board of Directors from 2013 to present. 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics > Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, and Shuji Nakamura “for the invention of efficient blue LEDs which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources” LED light is generated when a PN semiconductor junction is excited so electrons change shells around an atom. -
Annual Report 2017
67th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting 6th Lindau Meeting on Economic Sciences Annual Report 2017 The Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings Contents »67 th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting (Chemistry) »6th Lindau Meeting on Economic Sciences Over the last 67 years, more than 450 Nobel Laureates have come 67th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting (Chemistry) Science as an Insurance Policy Against the Risks of Climate Change 10 The Interdependence of Research and Policymaking 82 to Lindau to meet the next generation of leading scientists. 25–30 June 2017 Keynote by Nobel Laureate Steven Chu Keynote by ECB President Mario Draghi The laureates shape the scientific programme with their topical #LiNo17 preferences. In various session types, they teach and discuss Opening Ceremony 14 Opening Ceremony 86 scientific and societal issues and provide invaluable feedback Scientific Chairpersons to the participating young scientists. – Astrid Gräslund, Professor of Biophysics, Department of New Friends Across Borders 16 An Inspiring Hothouse of Intergenerational 88 Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Sweden By Scientific Chairpersons Astrid Gräslund and Wolfgang Lubitz and Cross-Cultural Exchange Outstanding scientists and economists up to the age of 35 are – Wolfgang Lubitz, Director, Max Planck Institute By Scientific Chairpersons Torsten Persson and Klaus Schmidt invited to take part in the Lindau Meetings. The participants for Chemical Energy Conversion, Germany Nobel Laureates 18 include undergraduates, PhD students as well as post-doctoral Laureates 90 researchers. In order to participate in a meeting, they have to Nominating Institutions 22 pass a multi-step application and selection process. 6th Lindau Meeting on Economic Sciences Nominating Institutions 93 22–26 August 2017 Young Scientists 23 #LiNoEcon Young Economists 103 Scientific Chairpersons SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME – Martin F.