DOCSLIB.ORG

Pemi Nobel Per La Fisica

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Pemi Nobel per la fisica Anno Ritratto Premiati Nazionalità Motivazione “in riconoscimento dello straordinario servizio reso per la Wilhelm Conrad 1901 Germania scoperta delle importanti Röntgen radiazioni che in seguito presero il suo nome” (raggi X) Hendrik Lorentz Paesi Bassi “in riconoscimento dello straordinario servizio reso con le loro ricerche sull'influenza del 1902 magnetismo sui fenomeni di emissione della luce” (effetto Zeeman) Pieter Zeeman Paesi Bassi “in riconoscimento degli Antoine Henri straordinari servizi che ha reso con Francia Becquerel la sua scoperta della radioattività spontanea" 1903 Pierre Curie Francia “in riconoscimento dei servizi straordinari che essi hanno reso nella loro ricerca congiunta sui fenomeni radioattivi scoperti dal professor Henri Becquerel” Polonia / Marie Curie Francia “per le sue indagini sulla densità John William Strutt dei più importanti gas e per la sua 1904 Regno Unito Rayleigh scoperta dell'argon, in connessione con questi studi” Anno Ritratto Premiati Nazionalità Motivazione “per le sue ricerche sui raggi 1905 Philipp von Lenard Germania catodici” “in riconoscimento dei grandi meriti delle sue indagini teoriche e 1906 Joseph John Thomson Regno Unito sperimentali sulla conduzione di energia elettrica dei gas” “per i suoi strumenti ottici di precisione e per le indagini Albert Abraham Polonia / spettroscopiche e metrologiche 1907 Michelson Stati Uniti effettuate con il loro aiuto” (esperimento di Michelson- Morley) “per il suo metodo di riprodurre i Lussemburgo / 1908 Gabriel Lippmann colori fotograficamente basato sul Francia fenomeno dell'interferenza” Guglielmo Marconi Italia “in riconoscimento del loro 1909 contributo allo sviluppo della telegrafia senza fili” Karl Ferdinand Braun Germania “per il suo lavoro sull'equazione di Johannes Diderik van 1910 Paesi Bassi stato per i gas e i liquidi” (Forza di der Waals van der Waals) “per le sue scoperte riguardanti le 1911 Wilhelm Wien Germania leggi che regolano la radiazione di calore” Anno Ritratto Premiati Nazionalità Motivazione “per la sua invenzione di regolatori automatici da utilizzare in 1912 Nils Gustaf Dalén Svezia combinazione con accumulatori di gas per l'illuminazione di fari e boe” “per le sue indagini sulle proprietà Heike Kamerlingh- della materia a basse temperature 1913 Paesi Bassi Onnes che ha portato, tra l'altro, alla produzione di elio liquido” “per la sua scoperta della 1914 Max von Laue Germania diffrazione dei raggi X da cristalli” William Henry Bragg Regno Unito “per il loro servizio reso 1915 nell'analisi della struttura cristallina per mezzo dei raggi X” William Lawrence Australia / Bragg Regno Unito 1916 non è stato assegnato “per la sua scoperta della 1917 Charles Glover Barkla Regno Unito caratteristica radiazione X degli elementi” “in riconoscimento dei suoi servizi resi per il progresso della Fisica Max Karl Ernst 1918 Germania con la sua scoperta della Ludwig Planck quantizzazione dell'energia” (costante di Planck) “per la sua scoperta dell'effetto Doppler nei raggi canale e la 1919 Johannes Stark Germania separazione delle Linee spettrali nei campi elettrici” Anno Ritratto Premiati Nazionalità Motivazione “in riconoscimento del servizio reso alle misure di precisione in Charles Edouard Svizzera / 1920 Fisica con la sua scoperta delle Guillaume Francia anomalie nelle leghe di acciaio e nichel” “per i suoi servizi alla Fisica Teorica, e in particolare per la sua Germania / scoperta della legge dell'effetto 1921 Albert Einstein Svizzera fotoelettrico” (assegnato in realtà nel 1922 con data 1921, anno in cui non fu attribuito a nessuno) “per i suoi servizi nelle indagini Niels Henrik David 1922 Danimarca sulla struttura degli atomi e delle Bohr radiazioni da loro provenienti” “per il suo lavoro sulla carica Robert Andrews 1923 Stati Uniti elementare di elettricità e Millikan sull'effetto fotoelettrico” “per le sue scoperte e la ricerca nel Karl Manne Georg 1924 Svezia campo della spettroscopia a raggi Siegbahn X” James Franck Germania “per la loro scoperta delle leggi che regolano l'impatto di un 1925 elettrone su un atomo” (Esperimento di Franck-Hertz) Gustav Ludwig Hertz Germania “per il suo lavoro sulla struttura discontinua della materia, e 1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin Francia specialmente per la sua scoperta dell'equilibrio di sedimentazione” Anno Ritratto Premiati Nazionalità Motivazione “per la sua scoperta e l'interpretazione dell'effetto Arthur Holly Compton Stati Uniti chiamato con il suo nome” (effetto Compton) 1927 “per il suo metodo di rendere visibile i percorsi di particelle Charles Thomson Rees Scozia / elettricamente cariche attraverso la Wilson Regno Unito condensazione del vapore” (camera a nebbia) “per il suo lavoro sul fenomeno Owen Willans termoionico e in particolare per la 1928 Regno Unito Richardson scoperta della legge che porta il suo nome” “per la sua scoperta della natura Louis-Victor Pierre 1929 Francia ondulatoria dell'elettrone” (Ipotesi Raymond de Broglie di de Broglie) “per i suoi studi sulla diffusione Chandrasekhara India della luce e per la scoperta 1930 Venkata Raman Britannica dell'effetto che da lui prende il nome” 1931 non è stato assegnato “per la creazione della meccanica quantistica, la cui applicazione, tra Werner Karl 1932 Germania l'altro, ha portato alla scoperta Heisenberg delle forme allotropiche di idrogeno” Austria / Erwin Schrödinger Germania “per la scoperta di nuove forme 1933 produttive di teoria atomica” Paul Adrien Maurice Regno Unito Dirac Anno Ritratto Premiati Nazionalità Motivazione 1934 non è stato assegnato 1935 James Chadwick Regno Unito “per la scoperta del neutrone” “per la sua scoperta della Victor Franz Hess Austria radiazione cosmica” 1936 Carl David Anderson Stati Uniti “per la sua scoperta del positrone” Clinton Joseph Stati Uniti Davisson “per la loro scoperta sperimentale della diffrazione degli elettroni da 1937 cristalli” (dualismo onda- particella) George Paget Thomson Regno Unito “per la sua dimostrazione dell'esistenza di nuovi elementi Regno d'Italia radioattivi prodotti da 1938 Enrico Fermi (1861-1946) irraggiamento neutronico, e per la relativa scoperta delle reazioni nucleari indotte da neutroni lenti” “per l'invenzione e lo sviluppo del ciclotrone e per i risultati ottenuti Ernest Orlando 1939 Stati Uniti con esso, in particolare per quanto Lawrence riguarda gli elementi radioattivi artificiali” 1940 non è stato assegnato 1941 non è stato assegnato 1942 non è stato assegnato Anno Ritratto Premiati Nazionalità Motivazione “per il suo contributo allo sviluppo Stati Uniti / del metodo del raggio molecolare e 1943 Otto Stern Germania la sua scoperta del momento magnetico del protone” “per il suo metodo della risonanza Austria / 1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi per la registrazione delle proprietà Stati Uniti magnetiche dei nuclei atomici” “per la scoperta del Principio di 1945 Wolfgang Ernst Pauli Austria esclusione, detto anche il principio di Pauli” “per l'invenzione di un apparecchio per la produzione di Percy Williams 1946 Stati Uniti pressioni estremamente alte, e per Bridgman le scoperte fatte nel campo della fisica ad alta pressione” “per le sue indagini sulla fisica Edward Victor dell'alta atmosfera e in particolare 1947 Regno Unito Appleton per la scoperta del cosiddetto strato di Appleton” “per il suo sviluppo del metodo della camera a nebbia di Wilson, e Patrick Maynard Stuart 1948 Regno Unito le sue scoperte nel campo della Blackett fisica nucleare e delle radiazioni cosmiche” “per la sua previsione circa l'esistenza di mesoni, sulla base di 1949 Hideki Yukawa Giappone studi teorici sulle forze nucleari” (potenziale di Yukawa) “per il suo sviluppo del metodo fotografico di studio dei processi 1950 Cecil Frank Powell Regno Unito nucleari e le sue scoperte riguardanti i mesoni fatta con questo metodo” Anno Ritratto Premiati Nazionalità Motivazione John Douglas Regno Unito Cockcroft “per il loro lavoro pionieristico sulla trasmutazione dei nuclei 1951 atomici tramite particelle atomiche accelerate artificialmente” Ernest Thomas Sinton Irlanda Walton Svizzera / Felix Bloch Stati Uniti “per il loro sviluppo di nuovi metodi per le misurazioni di 1952 precessione atomica e le scoperte connesse” Edward Mills Purcell Stati Uniti “per la sua dimostrazione del metodo di contrasto di fase, in 1953 Frits Zernike Paesi Bassi particolare per l'invenzione del microscopio a contrasto di fase” “per la sua ricerca fondamentale Germania nella meccanica quantistica, in Max Born Ovest / Regno particolare per la sua Unito interpretazione statistica della funzione d'onda” 1954 Germania “per il metodo della coincidenza e Walther Bothe Ovest le scoperte fatte in quell'ambito” “per le sue scoperte riguardanti la 1955 Willis Eugene Lamb Stati Uniti struttura fine dello spettro di idrogeno” (effetto Lamb) Anno Ritratto Premiati Nazionalità Motivazione Germania “per la sua precisa determinazione Polykarp Kusch Ovest / Stati del momento magnetico Uniti dell'elettrone” William Bradford Regno Unito / Shockley Stati Uniti “per le loro ricerche sui 1956 John Bardeen Stati Uniti semiconduttori e la loro scoperta dell'effetto transistor” Walter Houser Brattain Stati Uniti Chen Ning Yang (楊振 Cina / Stati 寧 Uniti ) “per la loro penetrante indagine delle cosiddette leggi di parità, che 1957 ha portato a importanti scoperte per quanto riguarda le particelle Tsung-Dao Lee (李政 Cina / Stati elementari” 道) Uniti Pavel Alekseevič Unione Čerenkov Sovietica “per la scoperta e l'interpretazione 1958 dell'effetto Cherenkov” Unione Il'ia Frank Sovietica Anno Ritratto
Recommended publications
  • Unrestricted Immigration and the Foreign Dominance Of

    Unrestricted Immigration and the Foreign Dominance Of

    Unrestricted Immigration and the Foreign Dominance of United States Nobel Prize Winners in Science: Irrefutable Data and Exemplary Family Narratives—Backup Data and Information Andrew A. Beveridge, Queens and Graduate Center CUNY and Social Explorer, Inc. Lynn Caporale, Strategic Scientific Advisor and Author The following slides were presented at the recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This project and paper is an outgrowth of that session, and will combine qualitative data on Nobel Prize Winners family histories along with analyses of the pattern of Nobel Winners. The first set of slides show some of the patterns so far found, and will be augmented for the formal paper. The second set of slides shows some examples of the Nobel families. The authors a developing a systematic data base of Nobel Winners (mainly US), their careers and their family histories. This turned out to be much more challenging than expected, since many winners do not emphasize their family origins in their own biographies or autobiographies or other commentary. Dr. Caporale has reached out to some laureates or their families to elicit that information. We plan to systematically compare the laureates to the population in the US at large, including immigrants and non‐immigrants at various periods. Outline of Presentation • A preliminary examination of the 609 Nobel Prize Winners, 291 of whom were at an American Institution when they received the Nobel in physics, chemistry or physiology and medicine • Will look at patterns of
  • Donna Strickland '89 (Phd), a Self-Described “Laser Jock,” Receives

    Donna Strickland '89 (Phd), a Self-Described “Laser Jock,” Receives

    Donna Strickland ’89 (PhD), a self-described “laser jock,” receives the Nobel Prize, along with her advisor, Gérard Mourou, for work they did at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics. By Lindsey Valich Donna Strickland ’89 (PhD) still recalls the visit she took to the On- tario Science Centre when she was a child growing up in the town of Guelph, outside Toronto. Her father pointed to a laser display. “ ‘Donna, this is the way of the future,’ ” Strickland remembers him telling her. Lloyd Strickland, an electrical engineer, along with Donna’s moth- er, sister, and brother, was part of the family that “continually sup- ported and encouraged me through all my years of education,” Donna Strickland wrote in the acknowledgments of her PhD thesis, “De- velopment of an Ultra-Bright Laser and an Application to Multi- Photon Ionization.” She was captivated by that laser display. And since then, she says, “I’ve always thought lasers were cool.” Her passion for laser science research and her commitment to be- ing a “laser jock,” as she has called herself, has led her across North America, from Canada to the United States and back again. But it’s the work that she did as a graduate student at Rochester in the 1980s that has earned her the remarkable accolade of Nobel Prize laureate. When Strickland entered the University’s graduate program in op- tics, laser physicists were grappling with a thorny problem: how could they create ultrashort, high-intensity laser pulses that wouldn’t de- stroy the very material the laser was used to explore in the first place? Working with former Rochester engineering professor Gérard Mourou, Strickland developed and made workable a method to over- come the barrier.
  • Physics Teaching and Research at Göttingen University 2 GREETING from the PRESIDENT 3

    Physics Teaching and Research at Göttingen University 2 GREETING from the PRESIDENT 3

    Physics Teaching and Research at Göttingen University 2 GREETING FROM THE PRESIDENT 3 Greeting from the President Physics has always been of particular importance for the Current research focuses on solid state and materials phy- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. As early as 1770, Georg sics, astrophysics and particle physics, biophysics and com- Christoph Lichtenberg became the first professor of Physics, plex systems, as well as multi-faceted theoretical physics. Mathematics and Astronomy. Since then, Göttingen has hos- Since 2003, the Physics institutes have been housed in a new ted numerous well-known scientists working and teaching physics building on the north campus in close proximity to in the fields of physics and astronomy. Some of them have chemistry, geosciences and biology as well as to the nearby greatly influenced the world view of physics. As an example, Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Biophysical Chemistry, the MPI I would like to mention the foundation of quantum mecha- for Dynamics and Self Organization and the MPI for Solar nics by Max Born and Werner Heisenberg in the 1920s. And System Research. The Faculty of Physics with its successful Georg Christoph Lichtenberg and in particular Robert Pohl research activities and intense interdisciplinary scientific have set the course in teaching as well. cooperations plays a central role within the Göttingen Cam- pus. With this booklet, the Faculty of Physics presents itself It is also worth mentioning that Göttingen physicists have as a highly productive and modern faculty embedded in an accepted social and political responsibility, for example Wil- attractive and powerful scientific environment and thus per- helm Weber, who was one of the Göttingen Seven who pro- fectly prepared for future scientific challenges.
  • State of the Nation 2008 Canada’S Science, Technology and Innovation System

    State of the Nation 2008 Canada’S Science, Technology and Innovation System

    State of the Nation 2008 Canada’s Science, Technology and Innovation System Science, Technology and Innovation Council Science, Technology and Innovation Council Permission to Reproduce Except as otherwise specifically noted, the information in this publication may be reproduced, in part or in whole and by any means, without charge or further permission from the Science, Technology and Innovation Council (STIC), provided that due diligence is exercised in ensuring the accuracy of the information, that STIC is identified as the source institution, and that the reproduction is not represented as an official version of the information reproduced, nor as having been made in affiliation with, or with the endorsement of, STIC. © 2009, Government of Canada (Science, Technology and Innovation Council). Canada’s Science, Technology and Innovation System: State of the Nation 2008. All rights reserved. Aussi disponible en français sous le titre Le système des sciences, de la technologie et de l’innovation au Canada : l’état des lieux en 2008. This publication is also available online at www.stic-csti.ca. This publication is available upon request in accessible formats. Contact the Science, Technology and Innovation Council Secretariat at the number listed below. For additional copies of this publication, please contact: Science, Technology and Innovation Council Secretariat 235 Queen Street 9th Floor Ottawa ON K1A 0H5 Tel.: 613-952-0998 Fax: 613-952-0459 Web: www.stic-csti.ca Email: [email protected] Cat. No. 978-1-100-12165-9 50% ISBN Iu4-142/2009E recycled 60579 fiber State of the Nation 2008 Canada’s Science, Technology and Innovation System Science, Technology and Innovation Council Canada’s Science, Technology and Innovation System iii State of the Nation 2008 Canada’s Science, Technology and Innovation System Context and Executive Summary .
  • DONNA STRICKLAND, PH.D. Professor, University of Waterloo

    DONNA STRICKLAND, PH.D. Professor, University of Waterloo

    DONNA STRICKLAND, PH.D. Professor, University of Waterloo Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Waterloo and is one of the recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 for developing chirped pulse amplification with Gérard Mourou, her PhD supervisor at the time. They published this Nobel-winning research in 1985 when Strickland was a PhD student at the University of Rochester in New York state. Together they paved the way toward the most intense laser pulses ever created. The research has several applications today in industry and medicine — including the cutting of a patient’s cornea in laser eye surgery, and the machining of small glass parts for use in cell phones. Strickland was a research associate at the National Research Council Canada, a physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and a member of technical staff at Princeton University. In 1997, she joined the University of Waterloo, where her ultrafast laser group develops high-intensity laser systems for nonlinear optics investigations. Strickland was named a Companion of the Order of Canada. She is a recipient of a Sloan Research Fellowship, a Premier’s Research Excellence Award and a Cottrell Scholar Award. She received the Rochester Distinguished Scholar Award and the Eastman Medal from the University of Rochester. Strickland served as the president of the Optical Society (OSA) in 2013 and is a fellow of OSA, the Royal Society of Canada, and SPIE (International Society for Optics and Photonics). She is an honorary fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering as well as the Institute of Physics.
  • 1 / 3 Anwendungen Von Festkörperphysik 1 / 4

    1 / 3 Anwendungen Von Festkörperphysik 1 / 4

    1 / 3 Anwendungen von Festkörperphysik Elektronik/Optoelektronik 1 / 4 Anwendungen von Festkörperphysik Organische (Opto-)elektronik Selbstreinigende Oberflächen Energietechnologie 2 1 / 5 Anwendungen von Festkörperphysik „intelligente“ Materialien Schaltbare Molekülschichten Magnetoelektrische Sensoren „Brain-Maschine-Interface“ 1 / 6 Nobelpreise für Physik zu festkörperphysikalischen Themen 1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes 1914 Max von Laue 1915 William Henry Bragg, William Lawrence Bragg 1920 Charles Edouard Guillaume 1921 Albert Einstein 1923 Robert Andrews Millikan Details siehe 1924 Karl Manne Siegbahn 1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin http://almaz.com/nobel/ 1937 Clinton Davisson, George Paget physics/physics.html 1946 Percy W. Bridgman 1956 William B. Shockley, John Bardeen und Walter H. Brattain 1961 Rudolf Mößbauer 1962 Lev Landau 1971 Louis Néel 1972 John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper, Robert Schrieffer 1973 Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian Davon Josephson 1977 Philip W. Anderson, Nevill F. Mott, John H. van Vleck 1978 Pjotr Kapiza 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson 1985 Klaus von Klitzing 1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer 1987 Johannes Georg Bednorz, Karl Alex Müller 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford Glenwood Shull 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst Ludwig Störmer, Daniel Chee Tsui 2000 Schores Alfjorow, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman 2003 Alexei Abrikossow, Witali Ginsburg, Anthony James Leggett 2007

  • Arthur Ashkin (1922 - 2020)

    September 2020 IN MEMORIAM Arthur Ashkin (1922 - 2020) Arthur Ashkin, IEEE Life Fellow, Throughout his life, Art also never failed to considered “the father of optical tweezers” mention the contributions of his for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize colleagues at Bell Labs that helped him in Physics 2018, has passed away at the achieve scientific breakthroughs, age of 98. especially his assistant Joseph Dziedzic. The IEEE Photonics Society and its And, the most significant support Ashkin members mourn this great loss of a friend, ever received is from Aline, his wife of 66 colleague and pioneer in the fields of years, who he met in college at Cornell optics and photonics. University. She herself is well trained in chemistry and taught at Holmdel High Art, as he was known in the community, School in New Jersey. One can find a worked most of his career at AT&T Bell comprehensive historical account of the Laboratories, from 1952 to 1991. There he scientific development of optical trapping began his work on manipulation of in a book written by Ashkin with the help microparticles with laser light in the late of Aline. 1960s which resulted in the invention of optical tweezers in 1986. He also Together, he and Aline raised three pioneered the optical trapping process. children and five grandchildren. Such traps have found a wide range of important and unique applications. They Ashkin was a mentor, collaborator, and are used to manipulate small objects friend to many within the scientific down to the size of atoms. community. René-Jean Essiambre, a close friend and mentee who presented This includes “small living things”, as the Nobel Lecture in Physics for Ashkin in Ashkin liked to say, such as viruses, 2018, expressed the profound impact he bacteria, living cells, organelles within had on the optics and photonics fields.
  • Einstein's Wrong

    Einstein's Wrong

    Einstein’s wrong way: from STR to GTR Adrian Ferent I discovered a new Gravitation theory which breaks the wall of Planck scale! Abstract My Nobel Prize - Discoveries “Starting from STR, it is not possible to find a Quantum Gravity theory” Adrian Ferent “Einstein was on the wrong way: from STR to GTR” Adrian Ferent “Starting from STR, Einstein was not able to explain Gravitation” Adrian Ferent “Starting from STR, Einstein was not able to explain Gravitation, he calculated Gravitation” Adrian Ferent “Einstein's equivalence principle is wrong because the gravitational force experienced locally is caused by a negative energy, gravitons energy and the force experienced by an observer in a non-inertial (accelerated) frame of reference is caused by a positive energy.” Adrian Ferent “Because Einstein's equivalence principle is wrong, Einstein’s gravitation theory is wrong.” Adrian Ferent “Because Einstein’s gravitation theory is wrong, LQG, String theory… are wrong theories” Adrian Ferent “Einstein bent the space, Ferent unbent the space” Adrian Ferent 1 “Einstein bent the time, Ferent unbent the time” Adrian Ferent “I am the first who Quantized the Gravitational Field!” Adrian Ferent “I quantized the gravitational field with gravitons” Adrian Ferent “Gravitational field is a discrete function” Adrian Ferent “Gravitational waves are carried by gravitons” Adrian Ferent In STR and GTR there are continuous functions. This is another proof that LIGO is a fraud. The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded for a project, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) not for a scientific discovery; they did not detect anything because Einstein’s gravitational waves do not exist.
  • Date: To: September 22, 1 997 Mr Ian Johnston©

    Date: To: September 22, 1 997 Mr Ian Johnston©

    22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 4& 8 6603847 SID 01 NOBELSTIFTELSEN The Nobel Foundation TELEFAX Date: September 22, 1 997 To: Mr Ian Johnston© Company: Executive Office of the Secretary-General Fax no: 0091-2129633511 From: The Nobel Foundation Total number of pages: olO MESSAGE DearMrJohnstone, With reference to your fax and to our telephone conversation, I am enclosing the address list of all Nobel Prize laureates. Yours sincerely, Ingr BergstrSm Mailing address: Bos StU S-102 45 Stockholm. Sweden Strat itddrtSMi Suircfatan 14 Teleptelrtts: (-MB S) 663 » 20 Fsuc (*-«>!) «W Jg 47 22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 B S603847 SID 02 22-SEP-1997 16:35 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 8 6603847 SID 03 Professor Willis E, Lamb Jr Prof. Aleksandre M. Prokhorov Dr. Leo EsaJki 848 North Norris Avenue Russian Academy of Sciences University of Tsukuba TUCSON, AZ 857 19 Leninskii Prospect 14 Tsukuba USA MSOCOWV71 Ibaraki Ru s s I a 305 Japan 59* c>io Dr. Tsung Dao Lee Professor Hans A. Bethe Professor Antony Hewlsh Department of Physics Cornell University Cavendish Laboratory Columbia University ITHACA, NY 14853 University of Cambridge 538 West I20th Street USA CAMBRIDGE CB3 OHE NEW YORK, NY 10027 England USA S96 014 S ' Dr. Chen Ning Yang Professor Murray Gell-Mann ^ Professor Aage Bohr The Institute for Department of Physics Niels Bohr Institutet Theoretical Physics California Institute of Technology Blegdamsvej 17 State University of New York PASADENA, CA91125 DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA D anni ark USA 595 600 613 Professor Owen Chamberlain Professor Louis Neel ' Professor Ben Mottelson 6068 Margarldo Drive Membre de rinstitute Nordita OAKLAND, CA 946 IS 15 Rue Marcel-Allegot Blegdamsvej 17 USA F-92190 MEUDON-BELLEVUE DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 Frankrike D an m ar k 599 615 Professor Donald A.
  • PDF) Submittals Are Preferred) and Information Particle and Astroparticle Physics As Well As Accelerator Physics

    PDF) Submittals Are Preferred) and Information Particle and Astroparticle Physics As Well As Accelerator Physics

    CERNNovember/December 2019 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the November/December 2019 issue of CERN Courier. The Extremely Large Telescope, adorning the cover of this issue, is due to EXTREMELY record first light in 2025 and will outperform existing telescopes by orders of magnitude. It is one of several large instruments to look forward to in the decade ahead, which will also see the start of high-luminosity LHC operations. LARGE TELESCOPE As the 2020s gets under way, the Courier will be reviewing the LHC’s 10-year physics programme so far, as well as charting progress in other domains. In the meantime, enjoy news of KATRIN’s first limit on the neutrino mass (p7), a summary of the recently published European strategy briefing book (p8), the genesis of a hadron-therapy centre in Southeast Europe (p9), and dispatches from the most interesting recent conferences (pp19—23). CLIC’s status and future (p41), the abstract world of gauge–gravity duality (p44), France’s particle-physics origins (p37) and CERN’s open days (p32) are other highlights from this last issue of the decade. Enjoy! To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://comms.iop.org/k/iop/cerncourier To subscribe to the magazine, please visit: https://cerncourier.com/p/about-cern-courier KATRIN weighs in on neutrinos Maldacena on the gauge–gravity dual FPGAs that speak your language EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY IOP PUBLISHING CCNovDec19_Cover_v1.indd 1 29/10/2019 15:41 CERNCOURIER www.
  • Neutrino Cosmology and Large Scale Structure

    Neutrino Cosmology and Large Scale Structure

    Neutrino cosmology and large scale structure Christiane Stefanie Lorenz Pembroke College and Sub-Department of Astrophysics University of Oxford A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Trinity 2019 Neutrino cosmology and large scale structure Christiane Stefanie Lorenz Pembroke College and Sub-Department of Astrophysics University of Oxford A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Trinity 2019 The topic of this thesis is neutrino cosmology and large scale structure. First, we introduce the concepts needed for the presentation in the following chapters. We describe the role that neutrinos play in particle physics and cosmology, and the current status of the field. We also explain the cosmological observations that are commonly used to measure properties of neutrino particles. Next, we present studies of the model-dependence of cosmological neutrino mass constraints. In particular, we focus on two phenomenological parameterisations of time-varying dark energy (early dark energy and barotropic dark energy) that can exhibit degeneracies with the cosmic neutrino background over extended periods of cosmic time. We show how the combination of multiple probes across cosmic time can help to distinguish between the two components. Moreover, we discuss how neutrino mass constraints can change when neutrino masses are generated late in the Universe, and how current tensions between low- and high-redshift cosmological data might be affected from this. Then we discuss whether lensing magnification and other relativistic effects that affect the galaxy distribution contain additional information about dark energy and neutrino parameters, and how much parameter constraints can be biased when these effects are neglected.
  • Joaquin M. Luttinger 1923–1997

    Joaquin M. Luttinger 1923–1997

    Joaquin M. Luttinger 1923–1997 A Biographical Memoir by Walter Kohn ©2014 National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. JOAQUIN MAZDAK LUTTINGER December 2, 1923–April 6, 1997 Elected to the NAS, 1976 The brilliant mathematical and theoretical physicist Joaquin M. Luttinger died at the age of 73 years in the city of his birth, New York, which he deeply loved throughout his life. He had been in good spirits a few days earlier when he said to Walter Kohn (WK), his longtime collaborator and friend, that he was dying a happy man thanks to the loving care during his last illness by his former wife, Abigail Thomas, and by his stepdaughter, Jennifer Waddell. Luttinger’s work was marked by his exceptional ability to illuminate physical properties and phenomena through Visual Archives. Emilio Segrè Photograph courtesy the use of appropriate and beautiful mathematics. His writings and lectures were widely appreciated for their clarity and fine literary quality. With Luttinger’s death, an By Walter Kohn influential voice that helped shape the scientific discourse of his time, especially in condensed-matter physics, was stilled, but many of his ideas live on. For example, his famous 1963 paper on condensed one-dimensional fermion systems, now known as Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids,1, 2 or simply Luttinger liquids, continues to have a strong influence on research on 1-D electronic dynamics. In the 1950s and ’60s, Luttinger also was one of the great figures who helped construct the present canon of classic many-body theory while at the same time laying founda- tions for present-day revisions.