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Learning Target: To understand the review impact of the Roman Empire and Greece on history: take a senteo quiz.
Rome Intro
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Italy in 750 BCE
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Early Civilization -Italy was originally occupied by many different groups of people
-Two main groups were Greek colonists and the Etruscans
-The Etruscans ruled much of central Italy and Rome itself
-Ancestors of the Romans, the Latins, settled in the area that is now Rome around 800 B.C.
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Influence of the Etruscans Writing Religion The Arch
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Legend of the Founding of Rome
-Legend has it that twin brothers, Romulus and Remus founded the city
-According to the tale, the twins’ mother was a Latin woman and their father was the war god Mars -
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Rome is located:
-On the banks of the Tiber River
-On and around seven hills
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- 509 B.C. Rome is Founded
-Romans drove out their Etruscan ruler and established a republic
- They did not want one person to have all the power
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Republican Government
2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)
Senate (Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)
Structure of the Republic
-Patricians= landholding upper class Patricians
-Plebeians= farmers, merchants, artisans, -traders Plebeians
-Senate= governing body -Consuls= two patricians -Dictator= assigned to be in charge in the event of a war for six months
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The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.
The Roman Forum
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Carthaginian Empire
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Roman Empire
• Most powerful ancient empire • At the time of Punic Wars had only conquered Italy and some of the surrounding islands. • Started Punic Wars
The Punic Wars -Carthage had an empire throughout the Mediterranean
-Rome fought Carthage in three wars from 264 B.C. to 146 B.C. (118 years!)
Had the largest navy at the time of 246 B.C.
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First Punic War • Fought on and around the island of Sicily • Rome besieged many Carthaginian cities in Sicily • Carthage blockaded Sicily • Rome destroyed Carthage's Navy. • Rome won the first Punic War
Hannibal’s Route
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gbPIyCuGTA
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Hannibal Trebia and Tresemia
Second Punic War
• Carthage created colonies in Spain and General Hannibal Attacked Rome. • Hannibal captured almost all of Italy. • Roman General Scipio captured Spain cutting off supplies to Hannibal. • Scipio attacked Carthage and defeated Hannibal • Rome Controls all of Northern Africa
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Third Punic War • Rome became afraid Carthage would attack again. • Rome attacked Carthage • Rome decimated the city and sold the Carthaginians into slavery. • Carthage was finally defeated by Rome after 120 years of fighting.
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Politics -Rome grows strong and begins conquering the rest of Italy
-By 270 B.C., Rome controls most of the Italian peninsula
-Military is made up of citizens
-Rome conquered justly- allowing those conquered to keep their culture, customs, and government- as long as they supplied soldiers, paid taxes, and acknowledge Roman leadership 25
Religion -Romans were polytheistic-they believed in many gods and goddesses
-Many of the gods were adapted from the Greek gods Greek God Roman God Zeus-ruler of all gods Jupiter-ruler of all gods Hera-wife of Zeus, Juno-wife of Jupiter, protected marriage protected marriage Poseidon-god of the sea Neptune-god of the sea -Roman calendar is full of feasts and celebrations to honor the gods and goddesses -Temples for worship to ask for divine assistance
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Rome’s Early Road System
Roman Roads: The Appian Way
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Roman Aqueducts
The Roman Colosseum
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The Colosseum Interior
Circus Maximus
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Reform Leaders Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus • the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.
Military Reformer Gaius Marius • recruited an army from the poor and homeless. • professional standing army.
The Gracchus Brothers -Tiberius and Gaius •The brothers worked to Gracchus were get the state to distribute patricians who the land to the poor were elected farmers tribunes •They also worked to get the state to buy grain to feed the poor •Senate felt they were a threat to its power, and hired thugs to kill the brothers and their followers
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Civil War & Dictators
Julius Caesar
Pompey
Julius Caesar
• Alesia
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Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC
The Die is Cast!
The First Triumvirate
Julius Caesar
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Gaius Magnus Pompey
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Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE
Octavian Augustus
Marc Antony
Marcus Lepidus
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Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor
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The First Roman Dynasty
Pax Romana: 27 BCE – 180 CE
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The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE
The Rise of Christianity
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St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles
The Spread of Christianity
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Imperial Roman Road System
The Empire in Crisis: 3c
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Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE
Constantine: 312 - 337
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Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome” (Founded in 330)
Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c
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Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”
Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire
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The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian
-Civil wars break out to decide who should hold power. The senate wanted to keep the status quo; political leaders wanted to weaken the senate and enact reforms
-Slave uprisings throughout the republic
-Armies became loyal to their commanders because they gave them benefits such as captured land
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The Byzantine Emperor Justinian
The Legacy of Rome
Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language Roman Catholic Church City Planning Romanesque Architectural Style Roman Engineering • Aqueducts • Sewage systems • Dams • Cement • Arch
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