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Studies of Missionary Leadership STUDIES of MISSIONARY LEADERSHIP

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Studies of Missionary Leadership STUDIES of MISSIONARY LEADERSHIP ^•^'ES of MTSSTONARY...J m.jr%. -EADERSHIP OCT 21 1914 BV 3700 .S634 1914 Speer, Robert E. 1867-1947 Studies of missionary leadership STUDIES of MISSIONARY LEADERSHIP The Smyth Lectures for 19 13 Delivered before the Columbia Theological Seminary, Columbia, South Carolina ROBERT E. SPEER PHILADELPHIA THE WESTMINSTER PRESS 1914 Copyright, 1914, By F. M. Braselmann CONTENTS Foreword 7 STUDY ONE Walter Lowrie and the Foundation of the Missionary Enterprise 11 y^" STUDY TWO Jeremiah Evarts and the Early Problems of Missions.. 49 STUDY THREE Paul Sawayama and the Principle of the Independent National Church 93 V STUDY FOUR Nehemiah Goreh and the Relation of Western Forms OF Christian Experience to the Indian Mind 135 STUDY FIVE David Trumbull, the Friend of Chile, and the Problems OF THE Foreign Community and Religious Liberty 181 / STUDY SIX RuFus Anderson the Foremost American Missionary Ad- ministrator 237 [5] FOREWORD It is not by prescriptions of modes of action that the world's work gets itself done, but by the power of God operating through men. Some one once asked John Lawrence, on whose iron will and im- movable faith in God and his righteousness the Indian mutiny broke like foam upon a cliff, by what methods he achieved such unique results in his ad- ministration of the Punjab, the most wonderful piece of provincial administration in modern times, if not in human history. "It is not my methods,'* Lawrence replied; "it is my men." Methods of action were of small significance when the men acting were John Lawrence and Henry, his brother, and Donald McLeod and Herbert Edwardes and Richard Temple and their associates. Such men were foun- tains of ever fresh and varying modes of achievement. Problems unfolded their solutions before them simply because these men, with their luminous and creative energy, moved forward upon them. Men succeed not because they use successful methods. They use such methods simply because they open themselves to the energy of the divine will, which is ever seeking unhindered channels for its flow through human Uves. It is with some men of this type that we are to meet in these lectures. We are to study in them [7] FOREWORD some of the great elemental problems of the Church, in her work of accomplishing the world mission of Christianity. Three of the six men whom we shall consider, the first two and the last, were men who dealt with the world problems of Christianity from the base of the Church at home. The other three men worked with some of the most fundamental issues of the missionary task on the foreign field. One of these last was an American who gave his life to the problems of the foreign community and rehg- ious liberty, another a Japanese who Hved and died in the triumphant solution of the problem of the independent national Church, and the third a Hindu who brought his rare mind to Christ and sought by a long and weary way for that simplicity of faith which was nearer to him than his own soul. The questions which we are to consider are ques- tions of the foreign missionary enterprise, but they are also the central questions of the life of the Church at home. What are the secrets of leadership? What are the great aims and methods of the Church's undertaking? How can the Christian Church be made anywhere a living and enlarging power, draw- ing its nourishment from above and beneath, from God and the people, without weakening support from the side? What is the universal and essential kernel of the gospel, and what the racial or national husk? How much may a human life ask God to do through it and in its own time? These are not ques- tions of a far-away work. They are the living issues of our own land and our own time and our own lives. R. E. S. [8] STUDY ONE [9] Hon. Walter Lowrie WALTER LOWRIE AND THE FOUNDATION OF THE MISSIONARY ENTERPRISE We are to begin with some of the men of faith and courage who dared to project the missionary enter- prise, imperihng in doing so their reputation for sound judgment and incurring responsibihties which still out- reach our comprehension, and which far transcended their own—men whose devotion and ability were as necessary to the successful inauguration of the new movement as the heroism and genius of the first missionaries themselves. Indeed, it has been true throughout that the missionary movement has been given its direction and has achieved its effects scarcely more through its agents on the field than through the men who have been its representatives and admin- istrators at home. At the outset Carey recognized the necessity of such cooperation, and it was agreed between him and Fuller and those who aided Fuller that they would carry forward a joint enterprise in which holding the ropes at home was recognized as a missionary service as distinct and essential as going down into the mine abroad. Andrew Fuller, who entered into this relation with Carey, was the first of the foreign mission secretaries. At the outset he was a young man, only seven years older than Carey, and of Httle greater prominence, though he ["] STUDIES OF MISSIONARY LEADERSHIP was beginning to attract attention by the qualities which soon made him one of the most notable men of his time. ''When we began in 1792," as he said later, ''there was Httle or no respectability among us, not so much as a squire to sit in the chair, or an orator to address him with speeches. Hence good Dr. Stennett advised the London ministers to stand aloof and not commit themselves."^ The enterprise was to become one of the greatest of all the movements of church history, and the men who founded it were to win abiding fame. However, it was not the antici- pation of this, which the boldest faith scarcely fore- saw, but a firm conviction as to the principles which required the enterprise that won Fuller's adhesion to it. Indeed, Fuller was the great force in disclosing these principles and obtaining their recognition in the Church at home. He was a farmer's son and self-educated. Like Carey, he had been unable to reconcile "the grim dead theology of his church with the new life and liberty which had come to him direct from the Spirit of Christ and from his Word." The Baptists were as dead as the Established Church. The evangelical gospel was almost unknown. Among the more earnest Baptists a hyper-Calvinistic view prevailed that forbade missionary zeal because it denied the duty, or even the possibility, of every man's acceptance of the gospel, and asserted accord- ingly the futility of preaching it to every man. Be- ginning with his gospel "worthy of all acceptation," Fuller probably did more by his writings and his ' Marshman, "Life and Times of Carey, Marshman and Ward," Vol. I, p. 17. [12] WALTER LOWRIE addresses than any other one man to lay the doc- trinal basis of the modern missionary enterprise. It was his first treatise which had brought to a head the thinking of Carey, who had reasoned, "If it be the duty of all men, when the gospel comes, to believe unto salva|iion, then it is the duty of those who are intrusted with the gospel to endeavor to make it "^ known among all nations for the obedience of faith. When the Baptist Missionary Society was organized at Kettering in 1792 Fuller was appointed secretary. For a quarter of a century he filled the ofiice, setting an ideal for all such service since. He was a man of executive energy. He once said to Ryland and Sutcliff, who, with Carey and Hogg and himself, con- stituted the first committee: ''You excel me in wisdom, especially in forseeing difficulties. I, therefore, want to advise with you both, but to execute without you." His missionary relations to Carey, when the latter had gone out, became a great reflex blessing. If his principles led to the enterprise, the enterprise reacted to confirm and enrich the principles. Chalmers' relation to Duff, of which I shall speak later, acted in the same way. In comforting the erratic Thomas, Carey's first associate, Fuller wrote of what his missionary interest had done for him in the midst of spiritual death and despondency: "Before this I did Httle but pine over my misery, but since I have betaken myself to greater activity for God my strength has been recovered and my soul replen- ished."^ » Smith, "Life of William Carey," p. 42. 2 Ibid., p. 99. [3] STUDIES OF MISSIONARY LEADERSHIP But Fuller gave as much as he got. He had clear and independent judgments as to the work of the Serampore missionaries. He made his own original proposals. He condemned some of their courses of action where he felt that his opinion was clearer and less deflected than theirs. He put forth an influence in their behalf and in behalf of all such effort in India, in modifying the character of the East India Com- pany's administration, which was one of the great factors in the improvement of the company's policy toward missions. He carried on a powerful home propaganda, and in 1807 used to excellent effect the opportunity of a bitter pubHc discussion of the in- trusion of the missionaries upon the religions of India. On one trip, in 1808, he preached forty-two mission- ary sermons in six weeks, and collected two thousand pounds for the Serampore translations.
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