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Thesis-1969D-V222t.Pdf (3.353Mb) A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE APHIDS OF OKLAHOMA (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) By HORA.CE WILLIAM VAN CLEAVE H Bachelor of Science Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 1952 Mat:1ter of Science Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 1958 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma S~ate University in partial fulfillmentc" of the requirements for the Degree of IX)CTOR OF PHI~OSOPHY May, 1969 STATc Uti1Ji;~s1TY LIB:~ARY SEP 29 1969 A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE APHIDS OF ••• -.••• : c ·,:.._, OKLAHOMA (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) Thesis Approved: Thesis Adviser ;/,{_~/; /:c,,-, ,- , // t /) ,1c7 ,c/ {1,0 ~ Dean of the Graduate College ii PREFACE The aphids or plant lice constitute an important group of phytophagous parasites. Du.e to their small size, specific determina­ tions often are not attempted by the average economic entomologist. With the growing need for a more detailed understanding of the various species on which to evaluate damage, plant disease transmission, various types of control recommendations; etco, the necessity of a taxenomic study of the family became obvious. The purpose of this study is to present in one paper, keys to the identification, descriptions, distribution and recorded host plants of the various species of aphids found in Oklahomao It is with deep appreciation, I wish to acknowledge the kind interest, valuable advice and guidance offered by Dro D. E. Howell, graduate chairman, throughout.the period of this study. Special appreciation is extended to.Dr. W•. A. Drew fo;r valuable advice, encouragement, and assistance in collecting specimens; Drso H. L. Chada, · R.R. Walton, and U. T. Waterfall for assistance and advice in the preparation of this manuscript. Sincere appreciation is extended to Mro Clyde Ao Bower, State Entomologist, and his inspectors of the Entomology and Plant Industry Division, Oklahoma State Board of Agriculture, Ho Co Campbell, J. Mo Goin, A. C. Hatfield, H. H. Latham, J. L. Meharg, Ro Lo Owens, J.C. Pennington, T. Ritter, J.E. Rogers, Co F. Stiles, Ao E. Thomas, iii Fo Vinson, a.nd W. o. Washum who collected extensively throughout the study. Special thanks are extended to Ao Frazier, Ao S. Pela, R. Robinson, and R. :Burke of the Plant Pest Control Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture for assist.a.nee in collecting specimens. Appreciation is also acknowledged to Dr. s. E. Kunz and Mr. D. c. Arnold, former Survey Entomologists; Drs. N. W. Flora. and So Coppock, Extension Entomologists; Dro·R. o•. Price, Dr. J. Young, and Prof a Go Ao Bieberdorf, faculty members of the Entomology Department; and to the many fellow graduate students in the department who aided in collecting and gave helpful suggestions on various aspects of this stud.yo Appreciation is extended to Miss L. M. Russell, United States National Museum, and to Dr. Ao No Tissot, University of Florida, for assistance in determining many of the specimens for the author. In addition, I would like to thank Mrs. T. Ao Heist for her typing excellence, advice, and assistanc.e. Finally, I would like to express appreciation to my wife, Beth, daughter1 Diana, and son, Scott, whose understanding, encouragement, and sacrifice were instrumental in the completion of this study. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION e o o e o o 0 o e o Geo o o o o o o e o" ,a, o o o o e • • o • • • o • • o e· e • •·o o o o • • 1 Ile REVIEW OF LITERATUREeooooooooooooeooeooo•ooooeeoeooeeooooeoo 3 III. METHODS AND MATERIALSoeoooooooooooaoooeoeooooeeeoooooeoeoooe 5 !Vo FAMILY APHIDIDA.Eooeoooooooooooooooooooooeoooooooeooooooooooo 7 Key to the Subfamilies of the Family Aphididae in Oklahoma ... o o • ., o o .... o ........ o .. • • • • • • • • • .. • • • 9 Subfamily Aph_idinae ..... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 .. 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 .... e O O • 0 D O D • 0 •. 10 Key to the tribes of the Subfamily Aphidinae in Oklahoma.000000000000000000•0••;000•0••• 10 Tribe Lachniniooeee~~·••ooooGOOGOGOOGOOGOOOeo••···~oooo 11 Key to the Genera of the Tribe Lachnini in Oklahomaoooooooo•••••••o•••o•••••••e••o•• 12 Genus Anoecia Kochooooooooooooooeooooo•o•o••••••••••••o 13 Anoecia. guerci (Fitch) ..... o.ooooooooooooooeooo•••••~••o• 13 Genus Cinara Curtis. oo o ...... o.. ., .. o .. o ... o.... o.... o.. oo ••• oo.... 16 Key to the Species of the Genus Cinara in Oklahomaeoo•oooeoooo•••••o••o•••••••••••••• 17 Cinara braggii (Gillette) .... .,. o o •••• " • ., o............. o. •. • 17 Cinara louisianensis Boudreaux.o•••oo••o•••••••••e••·~· 19 Cinara pinivora (Wilson)eoco•o••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21 Cinara tujafilina (Del Guercio)•••••••••••o••o••••o•••• 23 Cinara watsoni Tissoto •• Ge O. 0 0 0 0 .. ., 0 •• 0. 0 0" ....... 0. 0 0. 0 ••• 0 26 Genus Essigella Del GuerciOooooooooooooooooooeoe••····· 28 Key to the Species of the Genus Essigella in Oklahoma.eoooo••••••oeoo•••••••••••o•••• 29 Essigella fuscia,, Gillette a.nd Palmero ................... e. 29 Essigella pini Wilson .......... a••••o•••••••••••••e••••• 30 Genus Eulachnus Del GuerciOooooooooooooooooooooooo•••o• 33 Eulachnus rileyi (Williams)o•••••••ooo••••oooo••••••••• 33 Genus Lachnus Burmeister •• o.. ~. ".• oo. o., o., o.... oo.......... 35 Lachnus salignus ( Gmelin) .. "" •••• o..... o ... " ........... o..... 35 Genus Longistigma Wilson~ ..................... eoo••••••••••• 37 Longistigma caryae (Harris)oeoooeooo••••e•••••••••••••• 37 Genus Schizolachnus Mordvilko ••••• .,., •• e•••••••••••••••• 40 Schizolachnus lanosus Hottes••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 40 v Chapter Page IV. FAMILY APHIDIDAE (continued) Tribe Callaphidinioooo•ooooooooooooooo•o•••••••oo••••o• 43 Key to the Genera of the Tribe Callaphidini in Oklahomao••o•o••o•••••••••••••••••••• 44 Genus Chaitophorus Koch•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 45 Key to the Species of the Genus Chaitophorus in Oklahomao••••••••••••••o••••••••••••• 46 Chaitophorus nigrae Oestlund••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 46 Chaitophorus populicola Thomas••••••••••••••••••••••••• 48 Genus Drepanaphis Del GuerciOoooooooooeooo••··········· 51 Key to the Species of the Genus Drepanaphis in Oklahomao••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 51 Drepanaphis acerifoliae (Thomas)••••••••••••••••••••••• 52 Drepanaphis kanzensis Smith•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 53 Genus Hoplochaitophorus GranovskY•••••••••••••••••••••• 56 Hoplochaitophorus quercicola (Monell) •••••••••••••••••• 56 Genus Iziphya Nevsky •••• oo••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 58 Iziphya fl_abella (Sanborn)•••••••••o••••o•••••••••••••• 59 Genus Monellia Oestlund••••••••••oo•o•o••••~••••••••••• 60 Key to the Species of the Genus Monellia in Oklahomaooo••••••o••••••••••••••••••••••• 61 Monellia caryella (Fitch)o•o••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 62 Monellia costalis (Fitch)••••o••••••••••••••••••••••••• 63 Monellia microsetosa Richards•••••••••••••••••••••••••• 65 Genus Monelliopsis Richards•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 66 Monelliopsis caryae (Monell).•••••••••••••••••••••••••• 66 Genus Myzocallis Passerinio@••o•••••••••••••••••••••••• 68 Key to the Species of the Genus My~ocallis in Oklahomaoooo••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 69 Myzocallis bella (Walsh).ooo••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 70 Myzocallis discolor (Monell)o•••••••••••o•••••••••••••• 71 Myzocallis frisoni Boudreaux and Tissotoooo•••••••••••• 73 Myzocallis punctata (Monell)o•••••o•••••••••o•••••••••• 75 Genus Periphyllus van der Hoeveno•••••••••••••••••••••• 77 Key to the Species of the Genus Periphyllus in Oklahoma•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 78 Periphyllus ly:ropictus (Kessler)••••••••••••••••••••••• 78 Periphyllus negundinis (Thomas)•••••••••••••••••••••••• 79 Genus Pterocomma Buckton.o••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 81 Pterocomma smithiae (Monell) •• ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 82 Genus Sipha Passerini••••••••••••••o••••••••••••••••••• 84 Sipha flava (Forbes)••••••o••oo•••o•••••••o•••••••••••• 84 Genus Stegophylla Oestlund.o••••o•oooo••••o•o•••••••••• 87 Stegophylla sp. 000000••••••••••0000••••••••0•••••••••• 87 Genus Therioaphis Walker ••• o•••••••••••••••o••••••••••• 89 Key to the Species of the Genus Therioaphis in Oklahomaoooo•••••••••o•••••••••••••••• 89 Therioaphis riehmi (Borner)•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 90 Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) •••• o •••• o o·o •••••••• ,;..... 91 vi Chapter Page IV. FAMILY APHIDIDAE (continued) Genus Tinocallis Matsumura••••••••••••••••o•••••••••••• 94 Key to the Species of the Genus Tinocallis in Oklahoma ••• o•••••••o••••••••••••••••••• 94 Tinocallis caryaefoliae (Davis)•••••••••••••••••••••••• 95 Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy)•••••••••••••••••• 97 Tinocallis ulmifolii (Monell) •• •••••••••••••••••••••••• 99 Tribe Aphidini•••••••••••••••••••o••••••••••••••••••••• 102 Key to the Genera of the Tribe Aphidini in Oklahoma ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 102 Genus Acyrthosiphon Mordvilko•••••••••••••••••••••••••• 105 Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)o•••••••••••••••••••••••••• 106 Genus Anuraphis Del Guercio•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 108 Anuraphis helichrysi (Kaltenbach)•••••••••••••••••••••• 109 Genus Aphis LinnaeUSooo••······························ 110 Key to the Species of the Genus Aphis in Oklahoma ••••••• o•••••••••••••••••o•••••••••• 111 Aphis craccivora Kochoo•••••••o•••••••••••••••••••••••• 112 Aphis gossypii Glover••••••••••••o••••••••••••••••••••• 114 Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe ••••••••••••••••••••••• 116 Aphis pomi De Geer••••••••••o••••••o••••••••••••••••••• 117 Aphis rumicis Linnaeus••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 119 Aphis sp. (probably illinoisensis Shimer) •••••••••••••• 120 Genus Brevicoryne van der Goot••••••••••••••••••••••••• 122 Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) •••••••••••••••••••••••
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