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Classification of Icelandic Watersheds and Rivers to Explain Life History Strategies of Atlantic Salmon
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Siaurdur Gudjonsson for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Fisheries Science presented on May 17, 1990. Title: Classification of Icelandic Watersheds and Rivers to Explain Life History Strategies of Atlantic Salmon Abstract approved: 4 Redacted for Privacy Charles E. Warren A hierarchical classification system of Iceland's watersheds and rivers is presented. The classification is based on Iceland's substrate, climate, water, biota, and human cultural influences. The geological formations of Iceland are very different in character depending on their age and formation history. Three major types of formations occur: Tertiary, Plio-Pleistocene, and Pleistocene. These formations have different hydrological characters and different landscapes. There are also large differences in the climate within Iceland. Four major river types are found in Iceland: spring-fed rivers in Pleistocene areas, direct runoff rivers in Plio-Pleistocene areas, direct runoff rivers in Tertiary areas and wetland heath rivers in Tertiary areas. Eleven biogeoclimatic regions occur in Iceland, each having a different watershed type. The classification together with life history theory can explain the distributions, abundances, and life history strategies of Icelandic salmonids. Oceanic conditions must also be considered to explain the life history patterns of anadromous populations. When the freshwater and marine habitat is stable, the life history patterns of individuals in a population tend to be uniform, one life history form being most common. In an unstable environment many life history forms occur and the life span of one generation is long. The properties of the habitat can further explain which life history types are present. -
October 1893
ENTRANCE TO THE CITY HALL, COLOGNE. TTbe VOL. III. OCTOBER-DECEMBER, 1893. NO. 2. THE PROBLEM OF NATIONAL AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE. I. THE QUESTION STATED. HAT is to be the must in due time be developed, in the character of the peculiar circumstances of American style of artistic progress, a particular variety of that architectural de- artistic treatment of building which is sign which sooner one of the instincts of mankind, is a or later is to be- proposition that is scarcely open to come established debate. The question before us there- in the United fore is simply this: Considering what States as a national style ? Of course these peculiar circumstances are, and this is a to to those natural speculative question ; but, having regard laws, American architects and connoisseurs, how far can we foresee the outcome? it is not merely an extremely interest- Is this American originality likely to be ing one, it is a highly important one, great or small; essential or not; good, and indeed a practical problem for bad, or indifferent; of speedy achieve- daily consideration. ment or slow; permanent or evanescent? Americans may ask whether it is not for themselves to solve this problem, II. A PECULIAR CONTROVERSY IN without any help from friends, however ENGLAND. friendly, in the Old World a world, moreover, which to many persons in It may be well to premise that there these days seems somewhat effete in is at the present moment a very pecul- many ways, and confessedly, amongst iar and somewhat acrimonious contro- the rest, not up to the mark in archi- versy agitating the architectural profes- tecture. -
ICELAND Journey to Iceland and Explore How Its Geography Helped Shape Its Unique Culture and Its Independence from Fossil Fuels
Faces® Teacher Guide: November/December 2018 ICELAND Journey to Iceland and explore how its geography helped shape its unique culture and its independence from fossil fuels. CONVERSATION QUESTION How does Iceland’s geography influence its culture? In addition to supplemental materials TEACHING OBJECTIVES focused on core Social Studies skills, • Students will learn about Icelandic geography and this flexible teaching tool offers culture. vocabulary-building activities, • Students will describe how the physical characteristics of places are connected to human questions for discussion, and cross- cultures. curricular activities. • Students will analyze the combinations of cultural and environmental characteristics that make places different from other places. • Students will explain how cultural patterns and economic decisions influence environments and the SELECTIONS daily lives of people. • In the Kitchens of Fire and Ice • Students will use details from a text to write a story. Expository Nonfiction, ~1150L • Students will conduct research using print and digital • Weathering the Weather sources. Expository Nonfiction, ~1150L • Students will create a multimedia presentation. • The Eco-Friendliest Country on Earth Expository Nonfiction, ~1150L U33T http://www.cricketmedia.com/classroom/Faces-magazine Faces® Teacher Guide: November/December 2018 In the Kitchens of Fire and ENGAGE Ice Conversation Question: How does Iceland’s geography influence its culture? pp. 12–15, Expository Nonfiction Explore how the rugged geography and Explain that Iceland’s geography is dominated by rocky soil and climate of Iceland have influenced its mountainous terrain with many active volcanoes. Also explain it is an farming practices and its cuisine. island in the far north, near the Arctic Circle. Ask students to hypothesize how the geography of Iceland influences the types of foods that are commonly eaten there. -
New Foreign Policy Developed at Paris
Average Daily Clreiilation For the Meath of Apra tM« The Weathef Forecast of D. S. WaaMiee Bofd^ 9,058 Showers fotteweid by partial Member of the Aodlt rlearing tonl||ht: fair and im - tlnoed mild Wedaeaday. / Bureau of Ctrentattons M a n c h e s t e r ^ o f VUhtge Charm VOL. LXV., NO. 197 (CtMeUei Advertlelaf on Page Ifi) MANCHESTEIV^ONN., TUESDAY, MAY 21,1946 (TWELVE PAGES) PRICE THREE CENTS / N -x. Washington CroWds See Army's P-80s Five Meet Death 8 V New Foreign Policy As Transport Hits Developed at Paris; 71-Story Building Army Plane, Lost in ! Viewed as Positive Size Dense Fog, Smashes j ‘ Into World', Foortb Qf Uniform Soldier Says Half Butter Van,l™l,ersjvit, Se^ Talle,! Building Amid i ''J J '' Pans ate Me e t i n g Has Towerk of New York New Order Trooper Led Supply Now 1 Solidified Americah Financial District ------ ,/ ^ • Stand to Write ‘Peace New YorkTMTy .—(A > )-'f««*»r«on Decrees Aol- 10 SCFVICGS Keeps," Based on 21 111 Massacre An . ArmyArmV transporttrnnunnrt plane,ninnp. I dtCTS Shall No^'^ltOng’ Justice atifI Nol ven- 1 • lost in dense fog as it groped' er Get Clotjkmg Too Accuses Nazi of Start- geatic^; Seek to EntI for Newark air base, smash- Government Buying for Large fo r Them ing Malniecly Slaying Apmistice Regimei ed into the world’s fourth Armed Forces Slash- tallest building amid the tow- Of Americans hy Fire Washington, May 21— Pin ing Huge Hole in Big^ Washington, Ma.v 21.—(yp; ers of the New York financial back your ears, ing With His Pistol —Senator Vandenberg (R., district last night and hurled back yopf ears, supply sergeants, City Markets Stocks four Army officers and a and listen to theth< secretary of war. -
University of Cincinnati
UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI Date: April 28, 2006 I, Kristín Jónína Taylor, hereby submit this work as part of the requirements for the degree of: Doctorate of Musical Arts in: Piano Performance It is entitled: Northern Lights: Indigenous Icelandic Aspects of Jón Nordal´s Piano Concerto This work and its defense approved by: Chair: Dr. Steven J. Cahn Professor Frank Weinstock Professor Eugene Pridonoff Northern Lights: Indigenous Icelandic Aspects of Jón Nordal’s Piano Concerto A DMA Thesis submitted to the Division of Graduate Studies and Research of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS in the Performance Studies Division of the College–Conservatory of Music 28 December 2005 by Kristín Jónína Taylor 139 Indian Avenue Forest City, IA 50436 (641) 585-1017 [email protected] B.M., University of Missouri, Kansas City, 1997 M.M., University of Missouri, Kansas City, 1999 Committee Chair: ____________________________ Steven J. Cahn, Ph.D. Abstract This study investigates the influences, both domestic and foreign, on the composition of Jón Nordal´s Piano Concerto of 1956. The research question in this study is, “Are there elements that are identifiable from traditional Icelandic music in Nordal´s work?” By using set theory analysis, and by viewing the work from an extramusical vantage point, the research demonstrated a strong tendency towards an Icelandic voice. In addition, an argument for a symbiotic relationship between the domestic and foreign elements is demonstrable. i ii My appreciation to Dr. Steven J. Cahn at the University of Cincinnati College- Conservatory of Music for his kindness and patience in reading my thesis, and for his helpful comments and criticism. -
Climate Indices in Historical Climate Reconstructions: a Global State-Of-The-Art
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-126 Preprint. Discussion started: 9 October 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Climate indices in historical climate reconstructions: A global state-of-the-art David J. Nasha,b, George C.D. Adamsonc, Linden Ashcroftd,e, Martin Bauchf, Chantal Camenischg,h, Dagomar Degrooti, Joelle Gergisj,k, Adrian Jusopovićl, Thomas Labbéf,m, Kuan-Hui Elaine Linn,o, Sharon D. Nicholsonp, Qing Peiq, María del Rosario Prietor†, Ursula Racks, Facundo Rojasr and Sam Whitet a School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom b School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa c Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom d School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia e ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia f Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany g Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland h Institute of History, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland i Department of History, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA j Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia k ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia I Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland m Maison des Sciences de l'Homme -
Climate Indices in Historical Climate Reconstructions: a Global State-Of-The-Art
Climate indices in historical climate reconstructions: A global state-of-the-art David J. Nasha,b, George C.D. Adamsonc, Linden Ashcroftd,e, Martin Bauchf, Chantal Camenischg,h, Dagomar Degrooti, Joelle Gergisj,k, Adrian Jusopovićl, Thomas Labbéf,m, Kuan-Hui Elaine Linn,o, Sharon D. Nicholsonp, Qing Peiq, María del Rosario Prietor†, Ursula Racks, Facundo Rojasr and Sam Whitet a School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom b School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa c Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom d School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia e ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia f Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany g Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland h Institute of History, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland i Department of History, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA j Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia k ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia I Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland m Maison des Sciences de l'Homme de Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France n Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, -
ISLANDIA Índice General
ISLANDIA Índice general 1 Islandia 1 1.1 Etimología .............................................. 1 1.2 Historia ................................................ 2 1.2.1 Establecimiento y Mancomunidad Islandesa (874–1262) .................. 2 1.2.2 Colonización escandinava (1262-1814) ........................... 2 1.2.3 Movimiento de independencia (1814-1918) ......................... 3 1.2.4 Reino de Islandia (1918-1944) ................................ 3 1.2.5 República de Islandia (1944-presente) ............................ 4 1.3 Gobierno y política .......................................... 4 1.3.1 Relaciones exteriores y fuerzas armadas ........................... 5 1.3.2 Derechos humanos ...................................... 6 1.4 Organización territorial ........................................ 6 1.5 Geografía ............................................... 7 1.5.1 Clima ............................................. 8 1.5.2 Flora y fauna ......................................... 9 1.5.3 Animales ........................................... 9 1.6 Economía ............................................... 9 1.7 Infraestructura ............................................ 11 1.7.1 Transporte .......................................... 11 1.7.2 Energía ............................................ 12 1.7.3 Medios de comunicación ................................... 12 1.8 Demografía .............................................. 13 1.8.1 Idioma ............................................ 14 1.8.2 Religión .......................................... -
1 Environmental Images of Nineteenth-Century Iceland from Official Letters (Bréf Sýslumanna Og Amtmanna) Astrid E.J. Ogilvie E
Environmental Images of Nineteenth-Century Iceland from Official Letters (Bréf Sslumanna og Amtmanna) Astrid E.J. Ogilvie Expanded version of article forthcoming in The Discovery of Nineteenth-Century Scandinavia as Reflected in Travel-Writing, Essays, Letters and Fiction Written by Scandinavians and Others Edited by Marie Wells, Norvik Press, 2007 Published here by permission of the Editor and Norvik Press Abstract. Iceland may be said to have become part of the Danish kingdom in 1536, although it was not formally subject to Danish laws until 1662. In 1904 the union with Denmark began to dissolve when home rule was granted, and since 1944 Iceland has been a self-governing republic. For the period ca. 1700 to 1894 a valuable historical legacy from Danish rule exists in the form of official reports describing conditions in Iceland. The reports or letters were written one to three times a year by Icelandic officials known as Sslumenn (Sheriffs) and Amtmenn (District Governors) and sent to the Stiftamtmaur or Landshöfingja (Governors of Iceland). The letters were produced for all of the counties of Iceland (23) thus enabling comparison of conditions in different areas. These letters form a goldmine of climatic, environmental, and historical information. They are located in the National Archives in Reykjavík, are unpublished, and are mainly written in Gothic handwriting in Danish. The reports contain information on climate (especially temperature and precipitation), sea-ice variations, comments on glacial phenomena, environmental impacts such as the occurrence of volcanic eruptions and avalanches, as well as information on fisheries, livestock, grass-growth and hay yield, and human health. -
Philadelphia 2017 State of Center City Philadelphia
2017 STATE OF CENTER CITY PHILADELPHIA 2017 STATE OF CENTER CITY PHILADELPHIA 660 CHESTNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 | 215.440.5500 | CENTERCITYPHILA.ORG CONTENTS INTRODUCTION & OVERVIEW 1 OFFICE 7 HEALTHCARE & HIGHER EDUCATION 14 CONVENTIONS, TOURISM & HOTELS 20 ARTS, CULTURE & CIVIC LIFE 26 RETAIL 30 EMPLOYMENT 36 TRANSPORTATION & ACCESS 46 DOWNTOWN LIVING 51 DEVELOPMENTS 60 CENTER CITY DISTRICT 65 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 75 CENTER CITY DISTRICT & CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION | CENTERCITYPHILA.ORG INTRODUCTION James B. Abbott & OVERVIEW A DIVERSIFIED CENTER FOR EMPLOYMENT: Center City is the largest area where they live. The diversity of opportunity downtown place of employment in the city and region, with 292,746 wage makes this possible. While 38% of Center City jobs require at and salaried jobs and another 8,500 self-employed individuals, least a bachelor’s degree, 30% are accessible to those with an freelancers and those compensated as partners. Girard Avenue associate degree, while another 32% require no more than a to Tasker Street, river to river, is just 5.7% of the city’s land area, high school diploma. but generates 32% of all property tax revenue for the City and Diversification is the defining strength of downtown’s economy. School District, holds 42% of all jobs, and accounts for at least Professional, business and financial services, real estate and 43% of the wage tax generated by jobs in Philadelphia. information — prime office-using industries — account for Located at the center of the region’s transit and highway 39.6% of downtown jobs, occupying almost 41 million square network, 49% of downtown jobs are held by commuters from feet of space. -
Medieval Iceland, Greenland, and the New Human Condition: a Case Study MARK in Integrated Environmental Humanities
Global and Planetary Change 156 (2017) 123–139 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Global and Planetary Change journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gloplacha Medieval Iceland, Greenland, and the New Human Condition: A case study MARK in integrated environmental humanities ⁎ Steven Hartmana,b, , A.E.J. Ogilvieb,c, Jón Haukur Ingimundarsonb,d, A.J. Dugmoree,f, George Hambrechtg, T.H. McGovernh,b a Mid Sweden University, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography, 831 25 Östersund, Sweden b Stefansson Arctic Institute, Borgir, Norðurslóð, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland1 c Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0450, USA d University of Akureyri, Faculty of Social Sciences, Borgir, Norðurslóð, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland e Institute of Geography, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Scotland, UK f School of Human Evolution and Social Change, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA g University of Maryland College Park, Anthropology Department, College Park, MD 20742, USA h Zooarchaeology Laboratory, Anthropology Department, Hunter College CUNY, 695 Park Ave NYC, 10065, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: This paper contributes to recent studies exploring the longue durée of human impacts on island landscapes, the Environmental humanities impacts of climate and other environmental changes on human communities, and the interaction of human Global change societies and their environments at different spatial and temporal scales. In particular, the paper addresses Historical climatology Iceland during the medieval period (with a secondary, comparative focus on Norse Greenland) and discusses Historical ecology episodes where environmental and climatic changes have appeared to cross key thresholds for agricultural Icelandic sagas productivity. -
Study for Strengthening the Legal and Policy Framework for International Disaster Response in Iceland
STUDY FOR STRENGTHENING THE LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR INTERNATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE IN ICELAND An analysis of Icelandic legislation and policy framework in light of the European Union Host Nation Support Guidelines Reykjavík 2013 Icelandic Red Cross and LOGOS Legal Services in collaboration with The Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Management of the National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .......................................................................................................... 4 Definitions and abbreviations .................................................................................. 6 Part I 1 Country profile overview .................................................................................10 1.1 Territory..................................................................................................10 1.2 Administration .........................................................................................10 1.3 Hazard and risk scenarios ..........................................................................12 1.3.1 Natural disasters ................................................................................12 1.3.2 Other hazards ....................................................................................13 2 Civil protection and Emergency Management in Iceland.......................................13 2.1 Domestic structure of Civil Protection and Emergency Management ................13 2.2 International and Regional Instruments