Graminoid Monocots)

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BIOL 325 – Plants Systematics Lab 11 ‐ Monocots part 2 (Graminoid Monocots) I. Families to Know on Sight (no keying allowed for lab quizzes or final) A. Cyperaceae (sedge family) – p. 193 Graminoid, rhizomatous herbs. Stems triangular. Lvs closed‐sheathing and linear. Fls small, perianth reduced to 1‐6 bristles of lacking, typically in panicales of spikelets or spike‐ like. Fr a triangular or flattened achene. Diagnostic Summary: Graminoid herbs with solid, triangular stems, closed‐sheathing leaves and tiny flowers in panicles of spikelets or spike‐like, and an indehiscent triangular or flattened achene. B. Poaceae (grass family) – p. 302 Graminoid, rhizomatous herbs or bamboos. Stems terete or round. Lvs open‐sheathing and linear. Internodes typically hollow. Fls small, lacking usual perianth, typically in spikelets agregated into larger paniculate inflorescences. Fr a caryopsis. Diagnostic Summary: Graminoid herbs with hollow, round stems, open‐sheathing leaves and tiny flowers in panicles of spikelets or spike‐like, and an indehiscent nut‐like fruit called a caryopsis. II. Monocot Genera to Know (you can write your own key to genera and use on lab final) A. Typhaceae – p. 183 6) Miscanthus (herbs) 1) Typha (aquatic herbs) 7) Panicum (herbs) B. Cyperaceae – p. 193 8) Phragmites (herbs) 2) Cyperus (herbs) 9) Phyllostachys (woody “shrubs” or 3) Carex (herbs) “trees”; “bamboos”) C. Juncaceae – p. 183 10) Poa (herbs) 4) Juncus (aquatic to terrestrial herbs) 11) Setaria (herbs) D. Poaceae or Gramineae – p. 302 12) Zea (herbs) 5) Digitaria (herbs) III. Some Economic Botany Poaceae is the source of civilizations top food plants: wheat (Triticum spp.), rice (Oryza sativa), maize or corn (Zea mays), oats (Avena), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and sugar cane (Saccharum officinale). Numerous other plants provide ground cover (i.e., Kentucky bluegrass, Bermuda grass, etc.) or ornamentals. Bamboos (e.g., of the genus Bambusa and others such as Phyllostachys) provide construction materials or ornamentals. The stem pith of Cyperus papyrus (Cyperaceae) was the raw material in the production of Egyptian papyrus paper. In fact, our word “paper” comes from “papyrus.” Page 1 of 1 .

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Some Observations on the Nature of Papyrus Bonding
]. Ethnobiol. 11(2):193-202 Winter 1991 SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE NATURE OF PAPYRUS BONDING PETER E. SCORA Moreno Valley, CA 92360 and RAINER W. SCORA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside, CA 92521 ABSTRACT.-Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus, Cyperaceae) was a multi-use plant in ancient Egypt. Its main use, however, was for the production of laminated leaves which served as writing material in the Mediterranean world for almost 5000 years. Being a royal monopoly, the manufacturing process was kept secret. PI~us Secundus, who first described this process, is unclear as to the adhesive forces bonding the individual papyrus strips together. Various authors of the past century advanced their own interpretation on bonding. The present authors believe that the natural juices of the papyrus strip are sufficient to bond the individual strips into a sheet, and that any additional paste used was for the sole purpose of pasting the individual dried papyrus sheets into a scroll. RESUMEN.-EI papiro (Cyperus papyrus, Cyperaceae) fue una planta de uso multiple en el antiguo Egipto. Su uso principal era la produccion de hojas lami nadas que sirvieron como material de escritura en el mundo meditarraneo durante casi 5000 anos. Siendo un monopolio real, el proceso de manufactura se mantema en secreto. Plinius Secundus, quien describio este proceso por primera vez, no deja claro que fuerzas adhesivas mantenlan unidas las tiras individuales de papiro. Diversos autores del siglo pasado propusieron sus propias interpretaciones respecto a la adhesion. Consideramos que los jugos naturales de las tiras de papiro son suficientes para adherir las tiras individuales y formar una hoja, y que cual quier pegamento adicional se usa unicamente para unir las hojas secas individuales para formar un rollo.
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Cyperaceae | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/cyperaceae pza.sanbi.org Cyperaceae | Plantz Africa Cyperaceae Family: Cyperaceae Common names: sedges (Eng.); biesies (Afr.) Introduction A large, cosmopolitan family of mostly herbaceous plants, Cyperaceae occur primarily in moist temperate to wet tropical regions of the world; several species are of economic importance. Description Description Sedges are mostly perennial or sometimes annual herbs. Because many species have a tufted growth habit, long, thin-textured, narrow, flat leaves with a sheathing base, a jointed stem and much-branched inflorescences of tiny flowers, they are often described as graminoid, meaning grass-like. Indeed, many horticultural references include sedges under the general heading of grasses! Furthermore, many grasses and sedges do not fit the graminoid image at all, for example having leaf blades rounded in cross section or no leaf blades at all, or having compact, head-like inflorescences. So we end up with some grasses and sedges being called graminoids, and others being called simply herbs. To minimise confusion we prefer to restrict the term graminoid to true grasses (Family Poaceae), and to apply the new term cyperoid to members of the sedge family. All members of the sedge family such as the giant herb, papyrus, the few climbers (in genus Scleria ) and the Xerophyta -like Microdracoides from West tropical Africa, with a woody branching stem, can be comfortably accommodated by this term. Along with the similarities to grasses there are many features that distinguish sedges (such as usually leaves arranged in threes, and usually a solid stem that is triangular in cross section, and usually a conspicuously bracteate inflorescence), but they are not all observable with the naked eye.
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