Cyperus Papyrus (Papyrus, Egyptian Papyrus) Papyrus Is an African Native Plant, That Grows Well in Aquatic Areas, and Is Highly Found Next to the Nile River

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Cyperus papyrus (Papyrus, Egyptian Papyrus) Papyrus is an African native plant, that grows well in aquatic areas, and is highly found next to the nile river. It's very known for its use by the ancient egyptian to make papers. Grows in poorly drained areas, and also can survive in water. Needs full to partial sun. Idealy used in water gardens, or in containers. Landscape Information French Name: Souchet papyrus ﺑﺮﺩﻯ, ﺳﻤﺎﺭ, ﻓﺎﻓﻴﺮ :Arabic Name Pronounciation: sy-PEER-us pa-PY-russ Plant Type: Lawn Origin: Africa Heat Zones: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Hardiness Zones: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 Uses: Specimen, Container, Water/Rain Garden Size/Shape Growth Rate: Fast Plant Image Tree Shape: Spreading Height at Maturity: 1.5 to 3 m, 3 to 5 m Spread at Maturity: 0.5 to 1 meter Time to Ultimate Height: 2 to 5 Years Cyperus papyrus (Papyrus, Egyptian Papyrus) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Persistance: Evergreen Leaf Textures: Glossy Leaf Scent: No Fragance Color(growing season): Green Color(changing season): Green Flower Flower Showiness: True Flower Size Range: 0 - 1.5 Flower Type: Umbel Flower Scent: No Fragance Flower Color: Brown Flower Image Seasons: Summer Fruit Fruit Type: Nut Fruit Showiness: True Fruit Colors: Brown Seasons: Fall Cyperus papyrus (Papyrus, Egyptian Papyrus) Horticulture Management Tolerance Frost Tolerant: No Heat Tolerant: Yes Requirements Soil Requirements: Clay, Loam, Sand Soil Ph Requirements: Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline Water Requirements: High, Moderate Light Requirements: Full, Part Management Invasive Potential: No Susceptibility to Pests and Diseases: No Pruning Requirement: Little needed, to Leaf Image develop a strong structure Edible Parts: None Plant Propagations: Seed, Division MORE IMAGES Fruit Image Bark Image Other Image.

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Some Observations on the Nature of Papyrus Bonding
]. Ethnobiol. 11(2):193-202 Winter 1991 SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE NATURE OF PAPYRUS BONDING PETER E. SCORA Moreno Valley, CA 92360 and RAINER W. SCORA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside, CA 92521 ABSTRACT.-Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus, Cyperaceae) was a multi-use plant in ancient Egypt. Its main use, however, was for the production of laminated leaves which served as writing material in the Mediterranean world for almost 5000 years. Being a royal monopoly, the manufacturing process was kept secret. PI~us Secundus, who first described this process, is unclear as to the adhesive forces bonding the individual papyrus strips together. Various authors of the past century advanced their own interpretation on bonding. The present authors believe that the natural juices of the papyrus strip are sufficient to bond the individual strips into a sheet, and that any additional paste used was for the sole purpose of pasting the individual dried papyrus sheets into a scroll. RESUMEN.-EI papiro (Cyperus papyrus, Cyperaceae) fue una planta de uso multiple en el antiguo Egipto. Su uso principal era la produccion de hojas lami nadas que sirvieron como material de escritura en el mundo meditarraneo durante casi 5000 anos. Siendo un monopolio real, el proceso de manufactura se mantema en secreto. Plinius Secundus, quien describio este proceso por primera vez, no deja claro que fuerzas adhesivas mantenlan unidas las tiras individuales de papiro. Diversos autores del siglo pasado propusieron sus propias interpretaciones respecto a la adhesion. Consideramos que los jugos naturales de las tiras de papiro son suficientes para adherir las tiras individuales y formar una hoja, y que cual quier pegamento adicional se usa unicamente para unir las hojas secas individuales para formar un rollo.
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Leafing Through History
Leafing Through History Leafing Through History Several divisions of the Missouri Botanical Garden shared their expertise and collections for this exhibition: the William L. Brown Center, the Herbarium, the EarthWays Center, Horticulture and the William T. Kemper Center for Home Gardening, Education and Tower Grove House, and the Peter H. Raven Library. Grateful thanks to Nancy and Kenneth Kranzberg for their support of the exhibition and this publication. Special acknowledgments to lenders and collaborators James Lucas, Michael Powell, Megan Singleton, Mimi Phelan of Midland Paper, Packaging + Supplies, Dr. Shirley Graham, Greg Johnson of Johnson Paper, and the Campbell House Museum for their contributions to the exhibition. Many thanks to the artists who have shared their work with the exhibition. Especial thanks to Virginia Harold for the photography and Studiopowell for the design of this publication. This publication was printed by Advertisers Printing, one of only 50 U.S. printing companies to have earned SGP (Sustainability Green Partner) Certification, the industry standard for sustainability performance. Copyright © 2019 Missouri Botanical Garden 2 James Lucas Michael Powell Megan Singleton with Beth Johnson Shuki Kato Robert Lang Cekouat Léon Catherine Liu Isabella Myers Shoko Nakamura Nguyen Quyet Tien Jon Tucker Rob Snyder Curated by Nezka Pfeifer Museum Curator Stephen and Peter Sachs Museum Missouri Botanical Garden Inside Cover: Acapulco Gold rolling papers Hemp paper 1972 Collection of the William L. Brown Center [WLBC00199] Previous Page: Bactrian Camel James Lucas 2017 Courtesy of the artist Evans Gallery Installation view 4 Plants comprise 90% of what we use or make on a daily basis, and yet, we overlook them or take them for granted regularly.
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Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas, Part 3
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Graminoid Monocots)
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Cyperaceae | Plantz Africa About:Reader?Url=
Cyperaceae | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/cyperaceae pza.sanbi.org Cyperaceae | Plantz Africa Cyperaceae Family: Cyperaceae Common names: sedges (Eng.); biesies (Afr.) Introduction A large, cosmopolitan family of mostly herbaceous plants, Cyperaceae occur primarily in moist temperate to wet tropical regions of the world; several species are of economic importance. Description Description Sedges are mostly perennial or sometimes annual herbs. Because many species have a tufted growth habit, long, thin-textured, narrow, flat leaves with a sheathing base, a jointed stem and much-branched inflorescences of tiny flowers, they are often described as graminoid, meaning grass-like. Indeed, many horticultural references include sedges under the general heading of grasses! Furthermore, many grasses and sedges do not fit the graminoid image at all, for example having leaf blades rounded in cross section or no leaf blades at all, or having compact, head-like inflorescences. So we end up with some grasses and sedges being called graminoids, and others being called simply herbs. To minimise confusion we prefer to restrict the term graminoid to true grasses (Family Poaceae), and to apply the new term cyperoid to members of the sedge family. All members of the sedge family such as the giant herb, papyrus, the few climbers (in genus Scleria ) and the Xerophyta -like Microdracoides from West tropical Africa, with a woody branching stem, can be comfortably accommodated by this term. Along with the similarities to grasses there are many features that distinguish sedges (such as usually leaves arranged in threes, and usually a solid stem that is triangular in cross section, and usually a conspicuously bracteate inflorescence), but they are not all observable with the naked eye.
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Personalizing image enhancement for critical visual tasks: improved legibility of papyri using color processing and visual illusions Vlad Atanasiu 1, 2 and Isabelle Marthot-Santaniello 1 University of Basel 1 and University of Fribourg 2, Switzerland, [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Purpose: This article develops theoretical, algorithmic, perceptual, and interaction aspects of script legibility enhancement in the visible light spectrum for the purpose of scholarly editing of papyri texts. — Methods: Novel legibility enhancement algorithms based on color processing and visual illusions are compared to classic methods in a user experience experiment. — Results: (1) The proposed methods outperformed the comparison methods. (2) Users exhibited a broad behavioral spec- trum, under the influence of factors such as personality and social conditioning, tasks and application domains, expertise level and image quality, and affordances of software, hardware, and interfaces. No single enhancement method satisfied all factor configurations. Therefore, it is suggested to offer users a broad choice of methods to facilitate personalization, contextualization, and complementarity. (3) A distinction is made between casual and critical vision on the basis of signal ambiguity and error consequences. The criteria of a paradigm for enhancing images for critical applications comprise: in- terpreting images skeptically; approaching enhancement as a system problem; considering all image structures as potential information; and making
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TAXON:Cyperus Papyrus SCORE:20.0 RATING:High
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The Conservation of Endangered Archives and Management of Manuscripts in Indian Repositories
The Conservation of Endangered Archives and Management of Manuscripts in Indian Repositories The Conservation of Endangered Archives and Management of Manuscripts in Indian Repositories By Anindita Kundu Saha The Conservation of Endangered Archives and Management of Manuscripts in Indian Repositories By Anindita Kundu Saha This book first published 2020 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2020 by Anindita Kundu Saha All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-5802-9 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-5802-1 DDeeddiiccaatteedd ttoo MMyy PPaarreennttss && HHuussbbaanndd CONTENTS List of Tables .............................................................................................. ix List of Figures.............................................................................................. x Foreword by Professor Vinita Damodaran ............................................... xiii Foreword by Dr. Manas Bhaumik ............................................................ xiv Foreword by Dr. Sachindra Nath Bhattacharya ......................................... xv Foreword by Dr. Paramjit Singh .............................................................
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The Landscape Manual
THE LANDSCAPE MANUAL COVER PHOTO ARGELIO HERNANDEZ MIAMI-DADE COUNTY COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT THE LANDSCAPE MANUAL Prepared by the Miami-Dade County Department of Planning and Zoning Seventh Edition, April 2002 Revised and Expanded Reprinted 10/2005 THIS MANUAL IS DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF BILL KUGE WHO FOR MANY YEARS IMPROVED THE QUALITY OF MIAMI-DADE COUNTY THROUGH HIS ARTICULATE AND CREATIVE SITE PLAN REVIEWS. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ......................................................ix Calculations of Landscape Code Requirements Single Family RU-1 ................................................2 Single Family RU-1M(A).............................................4 Private School/Day Care ............................................6 Multi-Family....................................................8 Shopping Center .................................................10 Industrial .....................................................12 Service Station .................................................14 Parking Lot Landscape ...............................................16 View Triangles .....................................................24 Buffers .........................................................27 Xeriscape ........................................................32 Irrigation ........................................................36 Energy Conservation.................................................40 Tree Sizes .......................................................44 Trees in the Road Corridor .............................................46
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Iconic Flora of Heritage Significance in India
Indian Journal of History of Science, 51.2.2 (2016) 312-342 DOI: 10.16943/ijhs/2016/v51i2.2/48445 Iconic Flora of Heritage Significance in India H Y Mohan Ram* (Received 08 February 2016 ; revised 16 May 2016) Abstract Indian subcontinent is rich in flora for its variable geo-climatic conditions. It is not easy to select some plant species as iconic. However, a short list of plants has been prepared which Indians have valued for their well-being, culture and esteem. The banyan (Ficus benghalensis) is the National Tree of India and tops the list. Beginning as an individual sapling, it can produce an enormous forest with pillar-like prop roots. The Bodhi tree or peepul (Ficus religiosa) occurs in India and some neighbouring countries and is venerated by the Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment under the peepal tree at Bodh Gaya in Bihar. Emperor Ashoka’s daughter Sanghamitra, a Buddhist nun, took a branch of this famous tree and planted it in Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka in 288 BC. People worship it as ‘Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi’. Neem (Azhadirachta indica) a most useful tree, has leaves with bitter taste. Probably a native of Burma it is cultivated abundantly in India. Neem is a source of azhadirachtin, an anti-feedant botanical pesticide, chew sticks for brushing teeth, a non-edible oil, firewood and fodder. Sheesham (Dalbergia sissoo) is the source of an exquisite wood, used for carving, and supports artisans. Nepalese use it for decorative windows with frames. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a tree indigenous to tropical Africa and must have come to India a long time ago.
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In Ancient Egypt, the Stems of This Plant
Cyperus papyrus ‘Crown of Pharaoh’ • Use: An exotic-looking accent with bold vertical lines. Pendulous leaves sit like umbrellas atop strong upright stems. A fast growing plant that prefers moist growing conditions. This ornamental grass combines drama, grace and humor and makes a spectacular container garden plant. The plant can be planted in pots, along the waters edge of a pond, or even in a pond. Tolerates heat! • Exposure/Soil: Full– part sun. The root ball can be submerged but it isn’t nec- essary. If the plant is put into a pot I would suggest plugging the hole or holes in the bottom of the pot to keep as much water as possible in the pot. The crown of the plant should never be covered in water and in fact both of these varieties can thrive in water as shallow as a few inches. The purpose is to keep the bulk of the soil or root mass wet. • Growth: Fast grower and can reach heights of 4-6’ tall and 3-4’ wide. In ancient Egypt, the stems of this • Hardiness: Zone 8a- 10; Tender Perennial, Not hardy enough to survive win- ters with freezing temperatures below 20 so would need protection. It is a very plant (considered by some au- fast grower and will quickly grow to impressive size when replanted in the thorities to be the bulrush of the spring. Bible) were used to make a paper- • Foliage: Deciduous. Large heads of pendulous leaves; greenish flower spike- lets can measure 1' across like writing material also called • Flower: Greenish-brown flower clusters appear at the ends of the rays.
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Papyrus Manufacture صناعة البردي
PAPYRUS MANUFACTURE صناعة البردي Bridget Leach EDITORS WILLEKE WENDRICH Editor-in-Chief Area Editor Material Culture University of California, Los Angeles JACCO DIELEMAN Editor University of California, Los Angeles ELIZABETH FROOD Editor University of Oxford JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford Short Citation: Leach 2009, Papyrus Manufacture. UEE. Full Citation: Leach, Bridget, 2009, Papyrus Manufacture. In Willeke Wendrich (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz001nf6dh 1073 Version 1, December 2009 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz001nf6dh PAPYRUS MANUFACTURE صناعة البردي Bridget Leach Papyrusherstellung Fabrication de papyrus The papyrus plant that grew along the River Nile was used to manufacture writing material in ancient Egypt. It was employed throughout the Classical Period and beyond until superseded by paper in about 800 CE. استخدم نبات البردي الذي نَمى على طول نھر النيل في صناعة ورق البردي الذي استخدم للكتابة عليه بمصر القديمة، وكان مستخدماً إلى ما بعد العصور الكﻻسيكية حتى حوالي عام ٨٠٠ ميﻻدياً حين استُبدل البردي بالورق المتعارف عليه اﻵن. blank papyrus roll found in the central and east Africa and parts of the Early Dynastic tomb of Hemaka Mediterranean, including Sicily (Täckholm A at Saqqara dating from and Drar 1950). approximately 3,000 BCE (Emery and Saad 1938) attests to the early use of the plant to manufacture a material clearly intended for writing. It was used throughout Dynastic and Ptolemaic and Roman times and into the Byzantine and early Islamic Periods until it was gradually superseded by paper. The latest extant papyrus is an Arabic document from 1087 CE (Pattie and Turner 1974: 7).
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