In Ancient Egypt, the Stems of This Plant

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In Ancient Egypt, the Stems of This Plant

Cyperus papyrus ‘Crown of Pharaoh’ • Use: An exotic-looking accent with bold vertical lines. Pendulous leaves sit like umbrellas atop strong upright stems. A fast growing plant that prefers moist growing conditions. This ornamental grass combines drama, grace and humor and makes a spectacular container garden plant. The plant can be planted in pots, along the waters edge of a pond, or even in a pond. Tolerates heat! • Exposure/Soil: Full– part sun. The root ball can be submerged but it isn’t nec- essary. If the plant is put into a pot I would suggest plugging the hole or holes in the bottom of the pot to keep as much water as possible in the pot. The crown of the plant should never be covered in water and in fact both of these varieties can thrive in water as shallow as a few inches. The purpose is to keep the bulk of the soil or root mass wet. • Growth: Fast grower and can reach heights of 4-6’ tall and 3-4’ wide. In ancient Egypt, the stems of this • Hardiness: Zone 8a- 10; Tender Perennial, Not hardy enough to survive win- ters with freezing temperatures below 20 so would need protection. It is a very plant (considered by some au- fast grower and will quickly grow to impressive size when replanted in the thorities to be the bulrush of the spring. Bible) were used to make a paper- • Foliage: Deciduous. Large heads of pendulous leaves; greenish flower spike- lets can measure 1' across like writing material also called • Flower: Greenish-brown flower clusters appear at the ends of the rays. Flow- papyrus. ers give way to brown, nut-like fruits. .

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Some Observations on the Nature of Papyrus Bonding
]. Ethnobiol. 11(2):193-202 Winter 1991 SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE NATURE OF PAPYRUS BONDING PETER E. SCORA Moreno Valley, CA 92360 and RAINER W. SCORA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside, CA 92521 ABSTRACT.-Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus, Cyperaceae) was a multi-use plant in ancient Egypt. Its main use, however, was for the production of laminated leaves which served as writing material in the Mediterranean world for almost 5000 years. Being a royal monopoly, the manufacturing process was kept secret. PI~us Secundus, who first described this process, is unclear as to the adhesive forces bonding the individual papyrus strips together. Various authors of the past century advanced their own interpretation on bonding. The present authors believe that the natural juices of the papyrus strip are sufficient to bond the individual strips into a sheet, and that any additional paste used was for the sole purpose of pasting the individual dried papyrus sheets into a scroll. RESUMEN.-EI papiro (Cyperus papyrus, Cyperaceae) fue una planta de uso multiple en el antiguo Egipto. Su uso principal era la produccion de hojas lami nadas que sirvieron como material de escritura en el mundo meditarraneo durante casi 5000 anos. Siendo un monopolio real, el proceso de manufactura se mantema en secreto. Plinius Secundus, quien describio este proceso por primera vez, no deja claro que fuerzas adhesivas mantenlan unidas las tiras individuales de papiro. Diversos autores del siglo pasado propusieron sus propias interpretaciones respecto a la adhesion. Consideramos que los jugos naturales de las tiras de papiro son suficientes para adherir las tiras individuales y formar una hoja, y que cual quier pegamento adicional se usa unicamente para unir las hojas secas individuales para formar un rollo.
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PAPYRUS MANUFACTURE صناعة البردي Bridget Leach EDITORS WILLEKE WENDRICH Editor-in-Chief Area Editor Material Culture University of California, Los Angeles JACCO DIELEMAN Editor University of California, Los Angeles ELIZABETH FROOD Editor University of Oxford JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford Short Citation: Leach 2009, Papyrus Manufacture. UEE. Full Citation: Leach, Bridget, 2009, Papyrus Manufacture. In Willeke Wendrich (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz001nf6dh 1073 Version 1, December 2009 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz001nf6dh PAPYRUS MANUFACTURE صناعة البردي Bridget Leach Papyrusherstellung Fabrication de papyrus The papyrus plant that grew along the River Nile was used to manufacture writing material in ancient Egypt. It was employed throughout the Classical Period and beyond until superseded by paper in about 800 CE. استخدم نبات البردي الذي نَمى على طول نھر النيل في صناعة ورق البردي الذي استخدم للكتابة عليه بمصر القديمة، وكان مستخدماً إلى ما بعد العصور الكﻻسيكية حتى حوالي عام ٨٠٠ ميﻻدياً حين استُبدل البردي بالورق المتعارف عليه اﻵن. blank papyrus roll found in the central and east Africa and parts of the Early Dynastic tomb of Hemaka Mediterranean, including Sicily (Täckholm A at Saqqara dating from and Drar 1950). approximately 3,000 BCE (Emery and Saad 1938) attests to the early use of the plant to manufacture a material clearly intended for writing. It was used throughout Dynastic and Ptolemaic and Roman times and into the Byzantine and early Islamic Periods until it was gradually superseded by paper. The latest extant papyrus is an Arabic document from 1087 CE (Pattie and Turner 1974: 7).
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