ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

Photo: Google Earth

Proposed by: Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Prepared by: Hassan Shah (EIA P02/2007), Ahmed Jameel, Abdul Aleem, Mohamed Umaru, Nashfa Nashidh, Fazeel Ahmed

For Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Maldives

September 2018

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1 Table of contents FOR LAND RECLAMATION IN HURAA ISLAND, NORTH MALE’ ATOLL, MALDIVES 1 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... 3 2 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES...... 8 3 DECLARATION OF THE CONSULTANTS ...... 9 4 PROPONENTS COMMITMENT ...... 11 5 NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY...... 17 6 INTRODUCTION ...... 20

6.1 Structure of the EIA ...... 20

6.2 Aims and Objectives of the EIA ...... 20

6.3 EIA Implementation...... 20

6.4 Rational for the formulation of alternatives ...... 21

6.5 Coordination with other stakeholders ...... 21

6.6 Terms of Reference ...... 21 7 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 22

7.1 Responsible Institutions ...... 22 7.1.1 Ministry of environment and Energy ...... 22 7.1.2 Environmental Protection Agency ...... 22 7.1.3 Ministry of Tourism ...... 22 7.1.4 Local Government Authority ...... 22 7.1.5 City councils, Atoll councils and Island councils ...... 22 7.1.6 Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure ...... 22

7.2 Relevant national laws, policies and regulations ...... 23 7.2.1 Environmental Protection and Preservation Act ...... 23 7.2.2 Protected Areas and Sensitive Areas ...... 23 7.2.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 ...... 24 7.2.4 1.2.5 First Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 ...... 24 7.2.5 Second Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 ...... 24 7.2.6 Third Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 ...... 24 7.2.7 Fourth Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 ...... 25 7.2.8 Decentralization Act ...... 25 7.2.9 Maldivian Land Act ...... 25 7.2.10 General Laws Act – 4/68(Public property) ...... 26 7.2.11 National Energy Policy ...... 26 7.2.12 Carbon Neutral by 2020 ...... 26 7.2.13 Third National Environment Action Plan (NEAP III) ...... 26 7.2.14 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan ...... 26 7.2.15 Waste Management Policy 2015 (Saafu Raajje) ...... 27 7.2.16 Strategic National Action Plan...... 27 7.2.17 Regulation for the management of protected areas and natural reserves (2018/R-78) ...... 27 7.2.18 Waste management Regulations ...... 28 7.2.19 Guidelines for Domestic Wastewater Disposal...... 28 7.2.20 Regulation on sand and aggregate mining for building construction ...... 28

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7.2.21 Regulation for cutting down, uprooting and export of trees ...... 28 7.2.22 First amendment to the regulation for cutting down, uprooting and export of trees ...... 29 7.2.23 Dredging and Reclamation regulation (2013/R-15) ...... 29 7.2.23.1 First Amendment to the Dredging and Reclamation Regulation...... 31 7.2.24 Built Environment Regulation ...... 31 7.2.25 Environmental Liabilities Regulation (2011/R-9) ...... 32

7.3 International Conventions ...... 32 7.3.1 Convention on Biological Diversity ...... 32 8 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 33

8.1 Introduction to the project ...... 33

8.2 Project Proponent ...... 33

8.3 Institutional arrangements for managing the project ...... 33

8.4 Project Location and Study Area ...... 33

8.5 Need and Justification to undertake the project ...... 35

8.6 Project duration and boundary ...... 36

8.7 Brief overview of the project components ...... 36 8.7.1 Borrow Materials for reclamation ...... 37 8.7.2 Dredging methods to borrow reclamation materials ...... 37 8.7.2.1 Transportation of fill material to reclamation site ...... 38 8.7.2.2 Creation of bund wall around fill area ...... 38 8.7.3 Coastal Protection of the Reclaimed Land ...... 38 8.7.4 Proposed area for the reclamation ...... 39 8.7.5 Layout of the reclamation area and drainage patterns ...... 39 8.7.6 Concept plan for the project ...... 40 8.7.7 Location and size of sand borrow areas ...... 40 8.7.8 Details of the sand bunding proposed ...... 40 8.7.9 Quantity, quality and characteristics of fill material ...... 41 8.7.10 Method and equipment’s used for dredging, including description and operational control ...... 42 8.7.11 Duration of dredging activity ...... 42 8.7.12 Labour requirements and labour availability ...... 42 8.7.13 Housing of temporary labour ...... 43 8.7.14 Emergency plan in case of spills (diesel, grease, oil) ...... 43

8.8 Project Inputs and Outputs ...... 44 8.8.1 Project Inputs ...... 44 8.8.2 Project Outputs ...... 45 8.8.3 Reclamation or filling methods ...... 45 8.8.3.1 Compaction and levelling ...... 46 8.8.3.2 Management of general solid waste ...... 46 8.8.3.3 Expected Environmental Conditions during the Project Implementation Period ...... 46 8.8.3.4 Risks Associated with the Project ...... 46

8.9 Construction Schedule and methodology ...... 47 9 METHODOLOGY ...... 48 10 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT OF MALDIVES ...... 49

10.1 Existing general environment of Maldives ...... 49

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10.2 Existing Marine Environment ...... 49 10.2.1 Methodology of marine surveys ...... 50 10.2.2 Data Processing methodology...... 50 10.2.3 Coral reef ...... 51 10.2.3.1 Benthic composition at site 1 and Site 2 (M1) ...... 51 10.2.3.2 Benthic composition at site 3 (M3) ...... 52 10.2.3.3 Benthic composition at site 4 (M4) ...... 53 10.2.3.4 Benthic Composition at site 5 (M5) ...... 55 10.2.3.5 Status of fish abundance ...... 56

10.3 Marine water quality and bathymetry ...... 58

10.4 Existing Coastal Environment ...... 59 10.4.1 Features of the Coastal Environment ...... 59 10.4.1.1 Lagoon on the eastern side ...... 59 10.4.1.2 Environmental condition of the dredged Material Disposal Areas ...... 59 10.4.1.3 Beaches ...... 60

10.5 Existing Socio-Economic Environment ...... 61 10.5.1 Overview of Kaafu Atoll ...... 61 10.5.2 Population ...... 61 10.5.3 Huraa Island ...... 61 10.5.3.1 Employment ...... 62 10.5.3.2 Education ...... 62 10.5.3.3 Electricity ...... 62 10.5.3.4 Health ...... 62 10.5.3.5 Water and sanitation...... 62 11 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS...... 63

11.1 Assessing and identification of Impact ...... 63

11.2 Impact identification matrix ...... 63

11.3 Magnitude of impacts ...... 64

11.4 Uncertainties in Impact Prediction ...... 65

11.5 Outline of major environmental impacts ...... 66 11.5.1 Changes in drainage pattern and flooding ...... 66 11.5.1.1 Mitigation measures ...... 66 11.5.2 Changes in tidal currents ...... 66 11.5.2.1 Mitigation measures ...... 67 11.5.3 Secondary erosion ...... 67 11.5.3.1 Mitigation measures ...... 67

11.6 Environmental and social Impacts and their mitigation measures ...... 69

11.7 Characterization of Impacts on the Environment and their mitigation measures ...... 78 12 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ...... 81

12.1 Consultation with MHI, Huraa Island Council and EPA ...... 81

12.2 Consultation with MHI and Huraa Island Council ...... 81

12.3 Consultation with Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure (MHI) ...... 82

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12.4 Consultation with National Disaster Management Center (NDMC) and MHI ...... 83

12.5 Consultation with the Island Council and Public ...... 83

12.6 Consultation with the Island Tourism Sector ...... 84

12.7 Stakeholder meeting with Ministry of Tourism, Club Med Kanifinolhu and Four season Kuda Huraa 85

12.8 List of personnel consulted from Huraa Island ...... 86

12.9 Consultation with the public ...... 86 13 ALTERNATIVES...... 88

13.1 No Project Option ...... 88

13.2 Alternative analysis matrix ...... 88

13.3 Preferred Alternative ...... 93 13.3.1 Mitigation Measures for the Preferred Alternative ...... 93 14 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ...... 95

14.1 Introduction ...... 95

14.2 Cost of Monitoring ...... 95

14.3 Duration of Monitoring ...... 95

14.4 Methods of Monitoring ...... 95

14.5 Monitoring Responsibility ...... 95

14.6 Monitoring Report ...... 95 15 CONCLUSION ...... 101 16 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 103 17 PEOPLE WHO HAVE ASSISTED IN THE PREPERATION OF THIS REPORT 107 18 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... 109 19 REFERENCE BOOKS AND SOURCES ...... 110 20 ANNEX: TERMS OF REFERENCE ...... 111 21 ANNEX: BATHYMETRY ...... 113 22 ANNEX: APPROVAL OF CONCEPT DESIGN FROM MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND ENVIRONMENT...... 115 23 ANNEX: SURVEY REPORT FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE SAND BORROW AREAS ...... 117 24 ANNEX: CV’S OF UNREGISTERED CONSULTANTS WHO ASSISTED IN THIS PROJECT ...... 119

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25 ANNEX: METHODOLOGIES USED ...... 121 26 ANNEX: CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE ...... 123 27 ANNEX: ALTERNATIVE COASTAL PROTECTION MEASURES ...... 125 28 ANNEX: MEETING MINUTES FROM MHI...... 127 29 ANNEX: ATTENDANCE SHEETS FROM CONSULTATION HELD BY THE CONSULTANTS ...... 129 30 ANNEX: EIA SUBMISSION TO ATOLL COUNCIL ...... 131

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2 List of Figures and Tables

Figure 1: Location of Huraa island in North Male’ Atoll ...... 34 Figure 2: Proposed Reclamation concept for Huraa ...... 36 Figure 3: Reclamation plan and details ...... 38 Figure 4: Proposed reclamation and revetment concept and length...... 39 Figure 5: Proposed reclamation and drainage concept plan...... 40 Figure 6: Proposed layout scheme for creating sand bunds ...... 41 Figure 7: Temporary site (highlighted in pink)...... 43 Figure 8: Marine Survey Locations ...... 49 Figure 9: Sea grass areas around Huraa Island ...... 51 Figure 10: Photos taken from site 1 (M1) and Site 2 (M2), (06 August 2018) ...... 52 Figure 11: Percentage benthic composition at site 3 (M3) (06 August 2018) ...... 53 Figure 12: Photos taken from site 3 (M3) (06 August 2018) ...... 53 Figure 13: Percentage benthic composition at site 4 (M4) (06 August 2018) ...... 54 Figure 14: Photos taken from site 4 (M4) (06 August 2018) ...... 54 Figure 15: Percentage benthic composition at site 5 (M5) (06 August 2018) ...... 55 Figure 16: Photos taken from site 5 (M5) (06 August 2018) ...... 56 Figure 17: Fish abundance based on the fish survey at survey sites (06 August 2018) ...... 56 Figure 18: Alternative 1 ...... 93 Figure 19: Schedule for environmental monitoring during the construction period as well as per annum during operation period...... 97

Table 1: Some key figures for Huraa island ...... 35 Table 2: Summary of the project component ...... 37 Table 3: Key project statistics ...... 37 Table 4: Matrix of major inputs during construction period ...... 44 Table 5: Matrix of major outputs of environmental significance during construction stage ...... 45 Table 6: Results of the marine water quality tests undertaken in Huraa Island ...... 58 Table 7: Atoll population of 2006 & 2014 and percentage change ...... 61 Table 8: Impact assessment matrix for the project ...... 64 Table 9: Impact magnitudes and their corresponding scores...... 64 Table 10: Matrix of specific impacts and their characterization ...... 78 Table 11: List of personnel consulted ...... 86 Table 12: Advantages and disadvantages of the no project option ...... 89 Table 13: Alternative analysis matrix for the project ...... 91

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3 Declaration of the consultants

This EIA report has been prepared according to the EIA Regulations 2012, issued by the Ministry of Housing and Environment and all the amendments brought to the regulation including the amendment number 2016/R-66 gazetted 11 August 2016.

The EIA was carried out by a multidisciplinary consulting team representing Water Solutions Private Ltd. In preparing this report, no data has been manipulated. All data has been collected by field visits.

I as the lead consultant certify that the statements in this Environmental Impact Assessment study are true, complete and correct.

Name: Hassan Shah (EIA P02/2007)

Signature:

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4 Proponents commitment

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Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 12 f!JI!;.r ~~~ .;-_:.~i. ~' ; o; D D -* 0 0 D DC. 0 ,.,. OX 0 D Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure .,<.14'v.,< /!?~-"'/.r'-:: t..r'A .S,/"'~A/ /A .,

Economic Prosperity - Social Harmony

Date: 04 September 20 18 No: 138-PISI/203/2018/Ss-

Mr. Ibrahim Naeem

Director General

Environmental Protection Agency,

Ministry of Environment and Energy,

Green Building, Male', Maldives.

RE: PROPONENT DECLARATION AND COMMITMENT FOR EIA FOR K.HURAA RECLAMATION

Dear Sir,

As the proponent of the proposed project we guarantee that we have read the report and to the best of our knowledge, all information relevant to this project in terms of project description, project construction works and operational aspects provided here are accurate and complete.

As the Proponent of the project; we assure you our commitment to undertake the proposed mitigation measures and monitoring programme given in the report.

Thanking you

Sincerely,

Fathimath Shaana Farooq,

Director General

Page I of I Ameenee Magu, Maafannu, Male', 20392, Republic of Maldives. 0& +(960) 300 4 300 1;. +(960) 300 4 301 "iS; [email protected] ~) www.housing.gov.mv II] www.facebook.com/housing.gov.mv !it www.twitter.com/HousingGovMv For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives c

ާސާލުޙ ާދާސ

ާވިއަފިވެރުކުރާޔްއަތ ްށަކަމުތަގިއަޑަވިދެއ ެގ ރަޗްކަރްޓްސ ާފްރްނިއ ްޑްނެއ ްގްނިސުއަހ ްފޮއ ީރްޓްސިނިމ ީކަޓޯޕިރިމ ްނިއ ީރްޓްސިނިމ ްއެއޫރްޝަމ ެގުމުކްއިހ ްނިބ ެގރަޓްކެހ 23 ްނުތާރަފީތަމުރިއ ެގ ާރުހ.ކ ީކަޓރޯޕިރިމ .ެވެކެޓރޯޕިރ ްނަޝުއިލޮސ ރަޓޯވ ްނުތޮގ ެގުމުލެބ ޯތްއެމަކެނާރުކްއެރަސައ ާހިކ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުތަކްތަސަމިމ ީތާވިއަފިއަވްއަލާވަލުކެއ ްނަކިތަދ ެގުމިބ ާވިއަފެވާމިދ ްށައ ާރުހ ީކަދަސުގަމ ުޑނަގިއަމ ެގުއޫރްޝަމިމ .ެވެކެޓރޯޕިރ ާވިއަފިވެރުކުރާޔްއަަތ ްނިއ . ެވެމުރުކުލްއަހ

ަތަވުނ 8 ިއަގްއެއެގ ްށޮކްޖެރްވެއ ްސެވުރާހިމ .ެވެކެށަރ ޭނެމިހ ިއަގްޓްސިލ ެގުކަތްށަރ ާވ ިއަފެވާމިދ ްނަކިތަދ ެގުމިބ ީކައާރުހ ީކައަލަސްއަމ ެގުމިބ ެގުށަރ .ެވެއަފްސިއައ ްށަކަމުޓްއުހ ްްނެހްނިޅުމ ީނަވ ްނުނިދ ިތޯގ ްށަރުތިއ ްނުށަރ ުރިއާދްނުމެޅުއ ްނުހީމ 01 ްއެއިޅުކ ުޑޮބ ާވިއަފިވެރުކްތަޔާމިހ ީކައާރުހ .ެވެކެމަކ ާވިއަފިވެރުކާސްއިހ ްސެވާކަތްތާރަފ ޭހެބ ާމަކ ެގުރާކުރަސ ުކަރަހަފ ްއަތެއ ްށަމަކްއެޗްއަދ ުޑޮބ ާވިއަފެވާމިދ ްށަމިބ ެގުށަރ ީކަމަކިމ .ެވެއިވެރުކުނ ްނުނޭބ ީނަވ ްއެއަބުޑޮބ ެގުމިބ ެގުށަރ ްނުމަކްއެށަރަންނޮއ ްށަރަވ ްނުރުކަގަހާފ ްނަކ ްނޫނ ްށަމުޅެއ ުރޮދެގ ިތޯގ ިނަކެއ ަމަހ ީނަވިތަދ ްނުބަބަަސ ެގުމުތެނ ްނިބ .ެވެއަފިވެރުކ ަގަހާފ ީނަވ ެގުމިބ ީނަވިއަފިވެރުކުނ ަތަވުނ ިބިލުނ ްނުރެއިރުކ ާވްނެގީށަކެއ ޭހެޖ ްނެބިލ ްސެވ ްށަކަތްތަކްތަސަމ ީއާނިސ ެގުށަރ .ެވެމްނިހުމ .ެވެއެވެރުކ ަކަހާފ ްށަމަކ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުމަކިތަދ

ްނިބ ެގ ރަޓްކެހ 23 ަލްމުޖ ްނުތާރަފުގނަޅުހ ިދައ ާންނުތާރަފ ީތަމުރިއ ެގުށަރ ީނަވިއަފިނެމިހ ްނުތޮގިމ ިއަގުއޫރްޝަމިމ ްށަމަކްނަކިމ .ެވެއަފިހެޖަމަހ ީނަވ ްށަމުރުކްތަޔާމިހ ުދްއަހަރަސ ަތްއަސ ްނިއ 81 ެގުދްއަހަރަސ ާކްއިހ ިދައ .ެވެމުކްއިހ ީނަވ ުރަސައ ެނާރުކ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ްނުބަބަސ ެގޫރްޝަމ ިމ ްނުކަތާސާރިދ ުނުދެހ ިދައ ްނުކަތްއަތްނަކ ިލެބ ްށޮކްތަޔާއިރ ްއެކަތ ްނުލްއެގ ެގްއެރަވޭދުފ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ްނުބަބަސ ެގ ްޓެޖޮރްޕ ިމ ުހަފްށަމުލ ެބ ްށަކަތ ާސާރިދ ުނުވެރުކ .ެވެއަފިވެނަގެނެދ ލިބޭނެކަމަކަށް ފެނެއެވެ. ތިމާވެއްޓަށް އެންމެ ބޮޑުގެއްލުމެއް ލިބޭނީ ފަރުގެ އިރުމަތީ އަދި ހުޅަނގު ފަރާތަށެވެ. މީގެ އިތުރުން، ެގ ިއަނިވ ުދޫމ ާވިއަފިދެހ ިއަގުތާރަފ ީތަމުރިއ ިދައ .ެވެއެނާދ ްނެގެވ ްއަތ ްނުލްއެގ ިތެޑޮބ ްށަރަވ ްށަރަފ ާވްނެގިއަށަވ ެގުށަރ ެގޭއ ިއަގޭޖްއާރ ީކައަނިވ ުދޫމ .ެވެއެނާދ ްނެގިތެނ ެވ ުކާލަހ ްނެހ ްނިޅުމ ިއަގުދްއަހަރަސ ާވިއަފިހެޖަމަހ ްނަކްއިހ ުލުއަހާމ ފައިދާއަކީ ކޮބާކަން މާބޮޑަށް ނޭންގުނުނަމަވެސް، ތިމާވެށީގެ ގޮތުން ވަރަށް މުއްސަނދި މާހައުލެކެވެ. ރަށް ގިރުމާ، ވެލިގަނޑު ޭދްށޮކުރޯފ ްއަތ ްނުނޭބ ްނެހިނެހެއ ާއ ާނާކ ާސްއެމާހަމްސަމ ްއެކަތެއ ިީކަލުއަހާމ ިމ ްނުރުތިއ ެގުމުނިދެވިރެތީހެއ ްށަމުޓްއެހެފިހ ުދޫމ .ެވެކެލުއަހާމ ިދނަސްއުމ ްށަރަވ ޭދިއަދޯހ ްނަކިރެތާކްއަރ ާއ ާނާކ ްށަކަތްސަމ ިދުކ ޭޅުއ ިއަގުދޫމ ްށޮކަސްއާޚ .ެވެނަތްނަތ ްށޮދުޑނޮގ ާވުޑނަކުރާބ ެގ ުޅާރ ަންނައ ްށަށޮދުޑނޮގ ްނުތޮގިމ .ެވެމުރުކްތަޔާމިހ ްށޮދުޑނޮގ ީކައާދިއަފ ްއެނައ ެގިއަނިވ ުނަހުނ ާރުކ ްނުބަބަސ ެގިއަނިވުދޫމ ްސެވީކަމުރުކުފާސ ުޑނަގުނޮލ ްނުކަތްތަވާބ ަހިވ ަނިގ ްށަރަވ ްނުރުތިއ ެގުމުރުކްށަޔާމިހ ބޮޑު ފައިދާއެކެވެ. މީގެ އިތުރުން، އިރުމަތީ ފަރާތުގެ ފަރަށް ނުސީދާގޮތުން އަސަރުކުރާނެއެވެ. މިގޮތުން ބިން ހިއްކާއިރު އުފެދޭ ްނުރުތިއ ެގުދްއަހަރަސ ާކްއިހ .ެވެއަފިވެރުކަގަހާފ ީނަވ ިއަގުޓރޯޕިރ ްނަކެނާރުކުރަސައ ްށައަކަރުމޭރިދ ްނުބަބަސ ެގ ުޑނަގުޑަސިކ .ެވެއަފިވެރުކަގަހާފ ީނާވ ިއަގްޓރޯޕިރ ްނަކެނާރުކ ުރަސައ ެގުޑަސިކ ްށަދްއަހަރަސ ްސެވިއަގުރިއ ާރުކ ްމްޕަޕ ިލެވ ްނުޓޯބ ަންނޮކ

Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 13 For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

.ެވެއަފިވެރުކ ަގަހާފ ީނާވ ިއަގްޓރޯޕިރ ްނަކްއެނަތ ާވިއަފިވެނެގ ުލަދަބ ްށަކަތޮގ ްއަތެއ ީކަށޮދ ުޑނޮގ ެގުތާރަފީތަމުރިއ ެގ ާރުހ ުއޫރްޝަމ ިމ .ެވެއަފިވެރުކ ަސްއާޙ ްނެރެއ ްށަދޫމ ްނުޓްސެގ ީނަވ ުދްއަހަރަސ ްއެއަބ ްށަމުނޭބ ެގުކަތްސުއަހ ްޓްސެގ ްނުތޮގިމ ިމ ުރިއާދ ްނުމަގްނިހ ުއޫރްޝަމިމ ްނުމަކްނެހެއ .ެވެއެނޭވެލާކްއިހ ާޅެއިލެވ ްސެވ ްށަކަތ ުދްއަހަރަސ ިމ ުރިއާދްނެގ ްށައިރުކ .ެވެއެނާރޯފ ްނަކިތަދ ެގުމަކިމ ްށަކަތްތާރަފ ާގްނިހ ްއަތްސުއަހ ްޓްސެގ ްނުމަކ ްނެހިމ .ެވެެއެނޭވެރުކުނ ްނުނޭބ ްއަތުދްއަހަރަސ ނަމަވެސް، އެ ފަރާތްތަކާ އެކު ކުރެވުނު މަޝްވަރާތަކުން އެނގުނީ ބިން ހިއްކުމަކީ އެފަރާތްތަކުންވެސް ވަރަށް ބޮޑަށް ބޭނުންވާ ްޗީބ ްނުލައ ްނުމުމިނ ުއ ޫރްޝަމ ިދައ .ެވެމަކެނާރުކ ްއެކަތ ާދިއަފ ްއަތެއ ްށަށަރ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުމުކްއިހ ްނިބ ިދައ .ެވެމަކްއެމަކ ީކަމުވެލާވުޅުހ ުތަސުރުފ ެނާދްނެގިބިލ ްށަކަތްސުއަހްޓްސެގ ްއެއ ްޗީބ ަމަހިރުފ ެރުވްށަރާހިމ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުމަކެއ ާމަކެނޭދެހ .ެވެއެކެދ ްނުކަތްތާރަފެއ ްށަމަކުދީމްނުއ ްއެއ ުޑޮބ ެމްނެއ ެގ ުއޫރްޝަމ

ްނަސީސ ޯފ ާވްށަމަކ ްޓރޯސިރ 2 ަންނޮއ ިއަގުރުތުއ ިދައ ުނުކެދ ެގޭރެތުޅަފ ްނުމުކްއިހ ްތާރަފ ުނުކެދ ިދައ ީތަމުރިއ ެގާރުހ ކުޑަ ހުރާ އަދި ކްލަބް މެޑް ކަނިފިނޮޅަށް އޭގެ ނޭދެވޭ އަސަރުކުރާނެކަމަށް ރިޕޯރޓްގައި ވާނީ ފާހަގަ ކުރެވިފައެވެ. މިގޮތުން، މިހާ ބޮޑު ސަރަހައްދެއް ހިއްކުމުގެ ސަބަބުން ރަށުގެ ދެކުނާ އަދި އުތުރުން އޮއެ ދެމޭ މިންވަރު އިތުރުވެ، ގޮނޑުދޮށް ގިރުމުގެ .ެވެއެނާވިއަފިވެރުކ ަގަހާފ ިއަގްޓރޯޕިރ ްނަކެނާރުކ ުރަސައ ެގީމ ްށަށޮދ ުޑނޮގ ެގ ުޓރޯސިރ ެދ ިމ ިދައ .ެވެއެނާވާމިދ ަލަސްއަމ މީގެ އިތުރުން، މަސަތްކަތް ކުރަމުން ދާ އިރު ކިސަޑު ސަބަބުން މުޅި ސަރަހައްދު ކިލަނބުވެ މޫދަށް އެރިއުޅެ މީހުންނަށް .ެވެއެނާރުކ ުރަސައ ެގުމަކެއ

ްށަކަތުތާމޫލުއަމ ާވިއަފިވެރުކްއެއ ިގެނ ިއަގ 2018 ީކަތަތުތާމޫލުއަމ ާވިއަފިވެރުކ ްނުނޭބ ިއަގުމުރުކުރާޔްއަތ ްޓރޯޕިރ ިމ ެގުކަތުތާމޫލުއަމ ާކަތާސާރިދ ިކެއ ިކެއ ާވިއަފިދެހ ްނުތޮގޭހޭބ ާށަރ ްނުރުތިއ ެގީމ .ެވެކެޓރޯޕިރ ުނުވެރުކުރާޔްއަތ ްނެގިވެރުކާނިބ .ެވެއަފިވެރުކްތަޔާއިރ ީނާވ ްށަޗްއަމ

ްއަތެއ ެގީމ ީނަވިއަފިދެހ ްއަތްޓރޯސިރ ެދ ާވިއަގީރިއަކ ިދައ .ެވެކެށަރަންނޮއ ިއަގްއެދްއަހަރަސ ިއަމ ެގ ްމަޒިރައްޓ ީކައާރުހ ްއެކަމަހޭސަފ ާހެއ ީކަމުދޯހުލްއަހ ްށަކަތަލަސްއަމ ާކަތިތަދ ެނާންނުކިނ ްނުމުގްނިހ ްއެއޫރްޝަމ ަދަފިމ ްނުމަކ ްނިރުކ ްއެރަހައ .ެވެނޫނ

ެދ ިމ ުތާމޫލުއަމ ަމަހިރުފ ޭހެބ ާއޫރްޝަމ ިމ ީކަމަކުމްނިހުމ ެމްނެއ ުނުވެރުކަގަހާފ ިއަގާލަހުރަމ ެގުމުރުކުރާޔްއަތ ްޓރޯޕިރިމ ެގުމުއިދްނެގ ްށައިރުކ ްއެއޫރްޝަމ ުޑޮބ ާހިމ ީނަވ ްނުޓރޯސިރ ެދ ިމ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުމަކިމ .ެވެމަކާވުނިއަފިވެދްށޮކުރޯފ ްށަޓރޯސިރ ްނުކަތްތާރަފ ެއ ްނިރުކ ެގުމޫށެފ ްތަކްތަސަމިމ ިދައ .ެވެއަފްށޮކަގަހާފ ްނަކެއ ްނުމުރުކުނާސްއިހ ުތާމޫލުއަމ ްށަތާރަފެއ ްނިރުކ ްނުވުޑޮބްނަކ ޭހެބ ާކަތަލަސްއަމ ެނާންނުކިނ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުމުބިލުނ ުތުގަވ ާވްނެގީށަކެއ ްށަމުރުކ ްށަތްއަތްނަކ ެހެޖ ްނަރުކ .ެވެއަފްށޮކުޅާފ

ްއަތާދިއަފޭބިލ ްނުތޮގިމ .ެވެއެނާވިއަފިވެރުކަގަހާފ ިއަގްޓރޯޕިރ ްސެވްނަކެނާރުކ ްއެކަތާދިއަފ ްއަތެއ ްނުބަބަސ ެގ ުޢޫރްޝަމ ިމ ްނުމުލެބިލެބ ްށޮކާސާރިދ ިމ .ެވެއަފިވެރުކަގަހާފ ީނަވ ްނަކެނާރުކ ްށަކަކަތްނުތަޔްއަރ ްއަތެއ ުރަސައ ެގޭއ ިއަފެވަނިގުނަހުނ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ީކަކަތ ުއޫރްޝަމ ެގުމުކްއިހ ްނިބ .ެވެއެނެފ ްށަކަމަކެނާވްއެކަތ ްނުލްއެގ ިތެޑޮބ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުއޫރްޝަމިމ ވަރަށް ބޮޑެތި ގެއްލުން ތަކެއް ލިބޭ މަސަތްކަތެއް ނަމަވެސް، ރާއްޖެކަހަލަ ކުޑަކުޑަ ޖަޒީރާ ގައުމެއްގައި، ބައެއް ހާލަތްތަކުގައި ްއެކަތާދިއަފ ީއާމިތްޖިއ ްއަތެއ ިއަގުޅޮކްއެނައ ެގުމުލްއެގ ޭބިލ ްނުބަބަސ ެގީމ ީކަބަބަސ .ެވެކެމަކޭހެޖ ްނަރުކ ްނެހެމްނޮކ ީއިމ ވާތީއެވެ. ނަމަވެސް، ބިން ނުހިއްކާ ރަށްތައް ތަރައްގީކުރެވޭނެތޯ ނުވަތަ ނޫންތޯ ބެލުންވެސް މުހިންމުކަން ފާހަގަ ކުރަމަވެ. މީގެ ސަބަބަކީ ރާއްޖޭގައި ބިން ބޮޑެތި ރަށްތަށް ފުދޭވަރަކަށް ގިނަކަމެވެ. ނަމަވެސް، މިފަދަ ރަށްތަކަށް މީހުން ބަދަލުކުރުމަކީ

Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 14 For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

ްސެވ ޯތްއެމަކ ެގްއެރަވ ާހިކ ްނުތޮގ ީލާމ ީއިމ ިދައ .ެވެއެހެޖ ްނަލަބ ްސެވ ޯތްނޫނ ަތަވުނ ޯތްއެލްއަހ ްތޮއ ްށަމުކްއިހްނިބ ެގުޓރޯޕިރިިމ ީކަމުލެބ ްށޮކާސާރިދ ްނަކްނަކިމ ުކެއ ާމުވިއަފާވަމްނިނ ްނަގްނިހ ުއޫރްޝަމިމ ްނުރާކުރަސ ްސެވަމަނ .ެވެއެހެޖ ްނަލަބ ީކަމުއިދްނެގ ްށައިރުކ ުއޫރްޝަމ ުހަފްށަމުލެބ ްށައާދިއަފ ީއާމިތްޖިއ ޭބިލ ްނުބަބަސ ެގ ުއޫރްޝަމިމ ާމީވ .ެވެކެމަކުރޭބ ްނުޕޯކްސ ަނުގ ަނިގ ުނަހުނ ްށަންނުތަޔްއަރ ާރުހ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުއޫރްޝަމިމ .ެވެއެނެފ ްށަމަކްއެމަކުޅަގނަރ ެމްނެއ ިދައ ުމްނިހުމ ްށަރަވ .ެވެމަރުކަކަހާފ ްނަކެނާވ ްށަކަތްއަތްނަކ ެނޭރުކެނިމ ީކަކަތ ާދިއަފިމ ިދައ .ެވެއެނާރުކާދިއަފ

ެގ ްޓރޯސިރ ެދ ާވިއަގީރިއަކ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުމަކިމ ްނުމަކްއެދްއަހަރަސ ިއަމ ެގ ްމަޒިރައްޓ ީނަގްނިހ ުއޫރްޝަމ ްނުޅޮކްއެނައ ެގީމ ިއަގްއެޒޭމްއެއ ްއެކަތްތާރަފ ާހިރުހ ްނިރުކ ެގުމުޓްއެފ ުއޫރްޝަމ ީތެނާންނައ ްއެކަތުލަދަބ ިތެޑޮބ ްށަޓްއެވ ާޝަލުއަހާމ މަޝްވަރާކުރުމަކީ މުހިންމުކަމެއްކަން ފާހަގަ ކުރަމެވެ. މިގޮތުން، މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް ހައުސިން، މިނިސްޓްރީ އޮފް އެންވަޔަރމެންޓް، ހުރާ ކައުންސިލް، މަސަތްކަތުގެ ކޮންޓްރެކްޓަރ، ފޯ ސީސަން ކުދަހުރާ އަދި ކްލަބްމެޑް ކަނިފިނޮޅު ހިމެނެއެވެ. ވީމާ މަޝްވަރާ .ެވެއަފިވެރުކަގަހާފ ީނާވ ިއަގްޓރޯޕިރ ިއަގުމަކްތޮގ ުޅަގނަރ ެމްނެއ ީއެއ ްނުއިދްނެގ ްށައިރުކ ްތަކްތަަސަމ ުހަފްށަމުރުކ

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5 Non Technical Summary

This report discusses the findings of a social and environmental impact study undertaken by Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd. upon request from Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure.

The project involves reclamation of 23 hectares in Huraa island, North Male’ Atoll. The project aims to increase the available land space in Huraa island, mostly to address the housing and industrial needs of the community. This EIA report discusses the findings of the reclamation project. The project is proposed by Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure.

One of the biggest development challenges facing Huraa is the lack of space for further development, mostly the issue of housing. Reclamation is a realistic need for the island as the island is presently saturated with no additional land for housing plots nor industrial activities. A large area of the island constitutes a protected wetland where no development is allowed.

In this project, it has been proposed to reclaim land on the east and west side of the island. Twenty three (23) hectares will be reclaimed and would be developed and zoned for both residential and commercial use. Reclamation is a huge necessity for the people of Huraa in order to further develop and expand the local economy. In addition, the development of guest houses in the island has increased the burden on housing and other activities and raised the need to significantly increase and spread the population more sparsely in the island. As guest houses increase, so is the number of foreign guests living in the island. With limited space, at present, there is a lot of mix of both locals and foreigners and with the demand for local tourism and other industrial activities, the need to acquire more space has been realized to a much greater extent. Reclamation would help alleviate this problem as the community will get more space to share for recreational as well as housing and other industrial activities. Presently, the beach area that is available for both locals and guests residing in the island is limited and due to limited options, there are a number of draw backs.

Unlike other many reclamation projects in inhabited islands, this project is unique and has special characteristics due to the sharing of the same lagoon by two resorts with close proximity to Huraa. The resort on the north is Club Med Kanifinolhu and on the south, separated only by a mere 60 metre channel. These resorts were developed during a time when Tourism master planning was not regulated and implemented. Hence, environment impacts of this project are going to be felt on these two resorts to a significant levels, both during the construction and operational stage.

Environmental impacts were assessed and most of the environmental impacts of the project have been identified as resulting from the reclamation works. Dredging and reclamation projects constitute significant amount of sedimentation and it is the biggest threat to the marine environment. The most significant environmental impacts of this project will be felt on the sea grass beds, the coral reef and the nearby islands (2 resorts). Mitigation measures for the negative impacts have been identified and outlined in detail, and sedimentation control methods have been specifically focused due to its seriousness. The most important mitigation measure during construction is to limit and control sedimentation. Hence, the use of bund walls in the fill areas to contain sedimentation in the remainder of the reef or at least minimizing it will be significant. The proposed mitigation measures will have to be followed in order to minimize environmental damage. The measures proposed to minimize or mitigate environmental impacts may be considered to be quite appropriate, thereby minimizing the impact by about 90%. The main negative environmental impact of the proposed project would be sedimentation and destruction of the lagoon and damage to some areas of the reef, which will cause death of corals in the direct impact zone and partial death of corals in other areas of the coral reef. A coastal protection

Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 17 For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives method and extents have also been suggested in the EIA report in order to protect the shoreline and prevent erosion and sedimentation of the lagoon through the loss of sand. The project is mainly driven by the social and economic gain for the development of Huraa island through benefits achieved from increased land.

While the above impacts are generally characterized for the project, there are other secondary impacts that will have significant results on the surrounding environment. Broader socio- economic impacts on the surrounding environment will occur and they have been highlighted in the report. Of these, the most significant negative impact will be felt during construction period through increase in sedimentation of the lagoon. This would affect the reef use by the resorts for recreational purpose and impact the coral reef at a broader range. The reclamation of the east side of Huraa will increase the water flow velocity along the north and south of the island, where the current is already high due to the narrowness if these gaps. This would increase the risk of erosion in the two resorts, immediately north and south of Huraa, Club Med Kanifinolhu and Four Seasons Kuda Huraa respectively. These are considered as permanent impacts and will continue to pose as a threat to the coastal environment of these two resorts, most notably to Four Seasons Kuda Huraa. The project will therefore generate secondary impacts in these islands and will require them to undertake coastal protection measures.

Stakeholder consultations were held with various groups, including the island council and the client in order to incorporate the socio-economic components in the project. Stakeholders, most importantly the island community represented by the Island council was the most significant as they have the maximum knowledge and experience from the daily difficulties faced and issues of the island. On a daily basis, the council receives request / complains from the general public on various issues and these have been incorporated in the report. Consultations with NMDC were undertaken to assess the risk of flooding in the island after the project implementation. The proponent, ministry of Housing and Infrastructure (MHI) were also consulted to understand the project from formulation and how the implementation has been planned. Among the stakeholders consulted, the assessment indicates the tourism sector as the most sensitive as it is the most highly impacted stakeholders. Both Four Seasons at Kuda Huraa and Club Med Kanifinolhu and Ministry of Tourism were consulted and their views and concerns have been addressed in the report. The two resorts and the Ministry of Tourism are very concerned about the project as being in close proximity to the project site, they have not been adequately informed about the project. The resorts are also concerned that no government or private body have concerned their views regarding such a huge project, which will affect the whole area. Representatives from the two resorts mentioned that they do not know what is happening, and the scope of the project is changing every day. This is making things very difficult for the resorts. Initially, the resorts were informed that only 10 hectares would be reclaimed and thus changing to 23 hectares is going to affect the whole ecosystem, especially the erosion of Kuda Hura and Club Med Kanifinolhu would be aggravated. The resorts are also concerned that the current in the channel between Kuda Huraa and Bodu Huraa will significantly increase, which will lead to beach erosion. MOT noted that Huraa island needs development, however such a project should be done phase by phase and should be monitored very closely.

It is inevitable that there would be a lot of negative environmental impacts of this project, both environmentally and socio-economical. However, balancing these negative impacts and the socioeconomic benefits gained is something that is very difficult to measures. While the project provides significant socio-economic benefits to the island and its future development, the project has significant negative impacts on the two resorts. Therefore these issues make this a very complicated and unique project.

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The reclamation of Huraa does pose significant threats to the marine environment as a large percentage of sea grass community on the eastern side will be destroyed. There will also be direct and indirect damage to corals in the vicinity of the project site and will indirectly affect the coral reef system through dispersion of sediments. As a secondary impact, Four Seasons Kuda Huraa and Club Med at Kanifinolhu, both will experience a greater degree of erosion resulting from the increase water velocity during the tidal exchange and is expected to be felt after the construction. During the construction period, due to the greater degree of sedimentation in the lagoon, the recreational activities in the reef will also be affected.

A comprehensive monitoring component has been suggested which takes into consideration, the most important elements that require monitoring, most importantly a mechanism and means to measure and value the social benefit of the project. This monitoring component will be adhered and will allow the assessment of long term changes, despite the potential negative impacts. As the socioeconomic impacts are going to be felt in the long term, monitoring these changes is very essential.

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6 Introduction

This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared to fulfil the requirements of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act, law no. 4/93 in order to assess the impacts of the proposed project of reclaiming 23 hectares of the lagoon in Huraa island, North Male’ Atoll. The aim of this project is to provide land for social and economic activities of the island. 6.1 Structure of the EIA

The report has been structured to meet the requirements of the EIA regulations 2012 issued by the Ministry of Housing and Environment. Hence, the report will provide an executive summary at the beginning. The report will then have a project description in detail, existing environmental conditions, justifications given by the proponent for undertaking the proposed project components and alternatives. Alternatives to proposed components or activities in terms of location, construction methods and technologies, design and environmental considerations would be suggested. A mitigation plan and monitoring programme before, during and after the works will be outlined at the end. The major findings of this report are based on qualitative and quantitative assessments undertaken during site visit in August 2018. Available long term site- specific data has been used and the impact assessment methodology has been therefore based on these and field data collected, consultations, experience and professional judgment and field data taken on site. In addition, satellite photos have also been used to study the geography and environmental changes where necessary. 6.2 Aims and Objectives of the EIA

The objective of the report is to:  Promote informed and environmentally sound decision making.  Report the current social and economic issues faced by the community.  To fulfill the obligations of the proponent to undertake an EIA under Clause 5 of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act of the Maldives.  Undertake the proposed project work with minimum damage to the environment.  Ensure that all the social aspects of the project are addressed.  Propose recommendations to the client based on stakeholder assessments.  Identify the real need for increasing land space.  Identify a suitable and environmentally sound design for the reclamation.  Identify the most cost effective method of dredging and reclamation. 6.3 EIA Implementation

This EIA has been prepared by a local environmental consulting firm, Water Solutions. Water Solutions have been chosen by the proponent as the environmental consultants for this project. The team members were:  Hassan Shah, BSc, EIA (P02/2007)  Abdul Aleem, BSc, MPH – Mapping and GIS  Ahmed Jameel, B. Eng (Environmental), MSc – Environmental (EIA-P07/07)  Hamdhulla Shakeeb, - Surveyor.  Mohamed Umaru, BSc - Environmental Management  Abdulla Fazeel, BSc, Marine Science

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6.4 Rational for the formulation of alternatives

Alternatives analysis provides other ways of implementing the project or various components of the project. Hence, in formulating the alternatives, various critical components of the project were considered such as treatment options, technologies, future expansion, environmental acceptability, cost and benefits to the community. These factors were used to assess the various alternatives for the project as outlined in detail in the relevant sections. 6.5 Coordination with other stakeholders

The EIA can be considered as a blanket permit through which, the permit will be given to undertake the works. However, before an EIA is undertaken, various government and other stakeholders provide their input to the formulation of the project. Following are key points with this regard.  The client develops the project in consultation with the needs and requirements from the community.  The community provides assurance to the project by giving their consent for the concept.  Once the concept is finalized, then independent consultants will prepare EIA.  Client tenders the project and selects a contractor through the government tendering process.  In parallel, an EIA consultant is hired and awarded the project to prepare the EIA.  The EIA Consultant, during the preparation of the report revisits the project concept where by the various components are studied and alternative methods or technologies are identified. The report also identifies advantages and disadvantages of the various components and how practical they are.  The EIA is then reviewed by independent consultants through the EIA review process before approval is granted.  Once the EIA is approved, then the contractor can implement the project. 6.6 Terms of Reference

Terms of Reference for this assessment has been included in the Appendix of this report.

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7 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

This section outlines the relevant environmental legislation pertaining to this project. The following table outlines a matrix of major environmental laws, guidelines, responsible institutions and permits, both local and international indicating the relevance to this project. 7.1 Responsible Institutions

The main government institutions that have roles and responsibilities relevant to this project are summarized below. 7 . 1 . 1 Ministry of environment and Energy

The Ministry of Environment and Energy is mandated for the effective implementation of the Environmental Protection Act of the country and has the statutory power over issues related to the environment. It has the central control over the environment protection, management, conservation and environmental emergencies. The Ministry operates mainly at a policy level and the more regulatory and technical assessment activities are mandated to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In this respect EPA has now been mandated to manage all issues relating to Environmental Impact Assessment of individual projects. 7 . 1 . 2 Environmental Protection Agency

The Environment Protection Agency (EPA) of the Ministry of Environment and Energy has responsibility for efficient operation of the EIA process. This encompasses a number of tasks, including screening of projects and provision of general procedural advice to the project proponents throughout the EIA process. The EPA manages the review of the EIA report and is responsible for any approvals or recommendations associated with the EIA. It is also responsible for verifying that environmental protection measures are properly implemented by undertaking environmental audits in collaboration with other government as well as non-government agencies with a role for environmental protection and preservation. 7 . 1 . 3 Ministry of Tourism

The Ministry of Tourism, is solely responsible to the affairs relating to development and operation of all tourism developments in Maldives. All regulations released by Ministry of Tourism and other agencies pertaining to the operation of tourism projects are monitored and implemented by the Ministry. This project site is not in the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Tourism and does not require obtaining any permits from the said ministry. However two adjacent resorts to K.Huraa (Four Season Kuda Huraa and Club Med Kanifinolhu) will be consulted through Ministry of Tourism as they are located at primary and secondary impact areas. 7 . 1 . 4 Local Government Authority

Local Government Authority (LGA) was appointed as the responsible institution for standardizing and monitoring the local councils in May 2010. LGA was established to regulate the administrative units and to facilitate the local councils as per the responsibilities of the councils stated in the chapter 8 of the Constitution of the Republic of Maldives. 7 . 1 . 5 City councils, Atoll councils and Island councils

The Decentralization Act was passed in 2010 to accord with the decentralized governance stated in the chapter 8 of the Constitution of the Republic of Maldives. Article 3of the Act states that among the 21 administrative units in the Maldives, an atoll council shall be established in every administrative unit besides the ones that qualify as a city. For these administrative units, a city council shall be established. Island councils are established in every inhabited island and they are to answer and report to the atoll council whilst the atoll councils report to the LGA. This is stated in the Article 3 (d) of the Decentralization Act. There are 18 atoll councils and 3 city councils (Male’, Addu and Fuvahmulah) 7 . 1 . 6 Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

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The Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure (MHI) is tasked with developing and proving all Maldivian citizens with affordable, quality and safe housing. The ministry develops public infrastructure to achieve the development goals of the country to enrich and maintain the social situation and wealth of the citizens. MHI develops the land use plans and sets the regulations for the use of land for development purposes in the Maldives. Land use plans are an important element in development project as the scope of a water supply system or a sewerage system project should be able to cater for future developments and plans of the islands. Maldives Land and Survey Authority, Office of Programs and Projects, and Public Works Services are institutions under MHI. 7.2 Relevant na tional laws, policies and regulations 7 . 2 . 1 Environmental Protection and Preservation Act

The project conforms to the requirements of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act of the Maldives, Law no. 4/93. The EIA has been undertaken in accordance with the EIA Regulation 2012 of the Maldives by registered consultants. Furthermore, it adheres to the principles underlined in the regulations, action plans, programmes and policies of Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Housing and Infra Structure and relevant local councils. The Articles of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (Law No. 4/93) addresses the following aspects of environmental management:  Guidelines and advice on environmental protection shall be provided by the concerned government authorities.  Formulating policies, rules and regulations for protection and conservation of the environment in areas that do not already have a designated government authority already carrying out such functions shall be carried out by MEEW.  Identifying and registering protected areas and natural reserves and drawing up of rules and regulations for their protection and preservation.  An EIA shall be submitted to MEEW before implementing any developing project that may have a potential impact on the environment.  Projects that have any undesirable impact on the environment can be terminated without compensation.  Disposal of waste, oil, poisonous substances and other harmful substances within the territory of the Republic of Maldives is prohibited. Waste shall be disposed only in the areas designated for the purpose by the government.  Hazardous / Toxic or Nuclear Wastes shall not be disposed anywhere within the territory of the country. Permission should be obtained for any trans-boundary movement of such wastes through the territory of Maldives.  The Penalty for Breaking the Law and Damaging the Environment are specified.  The government of the Maldives reserves the right to claim compensation for all damages that are caused by activities that are detrimental to the environment.

The proposed project will fully abide to the Environmental Preservation and Protection Act. Disposal of oil, chemicals and other hazardous materials will be strictly controlled and managed. Such materials will not be disposed in to the local or the regional environment, but will be transported to designate waste disposal site that need to be identified by the Ministry of Housing and Environment. All mitigation measures will be implemented in the interest of the environment. 7 . 2 . 2 Protected Areas and Sensitive Areas

Under Article 4 of the Environment Protection and Preservation Act, the Ministry of Environment is vested with the responsibility of identifying and registering protected areas and natural reserves and drawing up of rules and regulations for their protection and preservation.

As part of the Environmental Regulation, EPA has established list of ‘sensitive sites’ in the Maldives. Although not formalized as a regulation, the sensitive list is mentioned in the recent Regulation on Dredging and Reclamation (Regulation number 2014/R-13, see Section 5.7, page34). The sensitive sites, according to EPA are sites in the Maldives (islands, reefs, mangroves, inter-tidal areas) where

Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 23 For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives developments ought to be restricted, regulated or controlled. Some view those sites mentioned in the sensitive list have no meaning because there is no evidence to show any ‘sensitive features’ of the areas. 7 . 2 . 3 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012

The Ministry of Environment has issued EIA regulation on May 2012, which guides the process of undertaking the Environmental Impact Assessment in the Maldives – This guideline also provides a comprehensive outline of the EIA process, including the roles and responsibilities of the consultants and the proponents. This regulation outlines every step of the IEE/EIA process beginning from application to undertake an EIA, details on the contents, minimum requirements for consultants undertaking the EIA, format of the EIA/IEE report and many more.

The guidance provided in this Regulation was followed in the preparation of this EIA report. And the EIA has also been prepared by registered consultants 7 . 2 . 4 1.2.5 First Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012

This amendment was gazetted on 9th April 2013. As per this amendment the responsible authority has to check the submitted EIA report for everything mentioned in the Regulation’s article (Kaafu) was in order and inform the proponent whether the EIA Report has been accepted or rejected within 2 working days. The penalty for repetitive offenses has been also amended in this amendment of the Regulation 7 . 2 . 5 Second Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012

This amendment was gazetted on 30th August 2015. With this Addendum to the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012, the following important points were noted.

- Procedural changes have been made to the EIA process. One of the most important changes was shifting the tourism related developmental project EIA’s to the Ministry of Tourism. Slight changes to the process like finalization of the Terms of Reference during the scoping meeting and changes in the fees structure for review process has been made to three different categories.

- Article 8 (a) of the amendment of the decision for screening form is as follows 1) Environmental Management Plan 2) Initial Environmental Examination 3) Environmental Impact Assessment 4) Approval to go forward with the screened project 5) Approval to go forward with the project with as per the mitigation measures proposed by EPA.

- The amendment’s article 9(b) says the decision for IEE will be as follows 1) Environmental Impact Assessment Report if the project anticipated to have major environmental impacts 2) Environmental Management Plan 3) Approval to go forward with the project if the project is not anticipated to occur major environmental impacts

- Article 10 of this amendment says that two (2) reviewers are required to review the environmental management plan and the selection of the reviewers are to be carried out as per the article 13(b). 7 . 2 . 6 Third Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012

Amendment 3 (issued on 11th August 2016) covers the point systems for consultants, categories of the consultants and amendment of the penalties to consultants and proponents who fail to follow the regulation. This EIA report was prepared by a Category A registered EIA consultant.

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7 . 2 . 7 Fourth Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012

There was a 4th amendment done on the EIA regulation 2012 and gazetted on 19th January 2017. This amendment explains about the projects that can be preceded without an Environmental Impact Assessment when the proponent requests to the Ministry of Environment and Energy in writing along with commitments or guarantee that the Proponent will carry out the mitigation measures that may impact on the Environment due to such projects. A list of such projects given in the amendment is as follows. 1- Deepening of Existing harbours and channels as same as the foot print 2- Uprooting trees that fall into the existing plots given to citizens for residential purpose 3- Uprooting trees that fall into the roads/path ways to the above plots. (Only councils or who takes such responsibilities can apply). 4- Drilling boreholes to take water. 5- Reclamation carried out as land extension means to the natural existing land. Such lands that are less than 3 years after the reclamation is completed with exception of the projects mentioned article 1 ( c ) of this amendment. 6- Reclamation carried out in a lagoon with an island shape or characteristics. Such lands that are less than 5 years after the reclamation is completed with exception of the projects mentioned article 1 ( c ) of this amendment.

Environmental Impact Assessment shall be carried out and permission shall be obtained in Lands that are mentioned in 5 and 6 as above, when such lands become inhabited.

Environmental Impact Assessment shall be carried out in the following projects even in the lands that are reclaimed as per the number 5 and 6 explained above. 1- Projects that involve Dangerous Chemicals 2- Projects that involve in any Oil Storage 3- Projects that involve Incinerators 4- Projects that involves release of any poisonous elements to the atmosphere 5- Projects that involve fibre glass work.

The amendment also says that this amendment will come into force from the date it is gazetted.

The relevance of this amendment to this EIA is relevant as some of the mature trees that fall on the foot print of the roads that need to be cleared to lay the sewer line is required. The Island Council has indicated that compensation will be given to tree owners. 7 . 2 . 8 Decentralization Act

The Decentralization Act establishes the local councils as highest authority in the locality and who shall have executive powers to be exercised in accordance with this Act. The Act establishes Atoll Councils, Island Councils and City Councils. 7 . 2 . 9 Maldivian Land Act

The Maldivian land Act governs the allocation of Maldivian land for different purposes and uses other issues regarding the issuing of land, issuing of state dwellings for residential purposes, conduct regarding state dwellings or private dwellings constructed for residential purposes and the sale, transfer and lease of Maldivian Land. Article 3 (a) states that the policies concerning Maldivian land shall be decided by the president of the Maldives on the advice of the discussions in the Ministers Cabinet.

In accordance with section 3 of this act, land shall be allocated for the following purposes and uses for residential, commercial, social, environmental protection and institutional uses. The ministries entrusted with land in accordance to section 4 of this Act shall allocate the land, lease or transact any business in regard to the land only in accordance with this Act and any other Acts in force regarding the allocation of land for different purposes and uses.

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7 . 2 . 1 0 General Laws Act – 4/68(Public property)

The general Laws Act 4/68, Paragraph 7 stipulates that public property such as trees, coconut palms, farm land, households and such owned by public or private individuals, if required to be obtained by the Government, the property can be obtained by the Ministry of Justice or the High Court of the Maldives. The above shall be done only after the individual is fairly compensated for the property or by financial compensation proposed by the property holder. If the public property to be attained is a land plot or a household, the property holder shall be given adequate time for clearance of the area. If a private property belonging to one individual creates nuisance to another, the matter shall be resolved by the Atoll Council for issues arising in the islands.

This project does not require removal of any personal properties nor trees. 7 . 2 . 1 1 National Energy Policy

The National Energy Policy looks at existing issues, constraints and emerging issues. The policy addresses issues of energy supply, consumption, environment, renewable energy, energy efficiency and sustainability. Sustainable supply and consumption is the main focus of the policy. According to the policy document, only 3% of energy is from biomass and solar energy while the rest is from refined petroleum products with diesel fuel accounting to 83% of the total energy consumption in the Maldives. Therefore, there is a great deal of work that needs to be done if carbon neutrality were to be achieved by 2020. 7 . 2 . 1 2 Carbon Neutral by 2020

In March 2009, President Nasheed announced the target to make Maldives carbon neutral by 2020. Hence, in the implementation of the project, careful attention needs to be given to ensure energy efficiency and reduce transport related fuel consumption. 7 . 2 . 1 3 Third National Environment Action Plan (NEAP III)

The aim of NEAP III is to protect and preserve the environment of the Maldives and to sustainably manage its resources for the collective benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations. The following principles outlined in the NEAP III to in environment protection and environmental management are;  Environmental protection is the responsibility of every individual  Achieve results - The actions, activities, regulations, supervision, reporting, incentives, information and advice for environmental management shall be directed and well co- ordinated to achieve the results the citizens want.  Promote and practise sustainable development  Ensure local democracy  Inter-sectoral co-ordination and co-operation  Informed decision making  Precaution first  Continuous learning and improvement  Right to information and participation  Environmental protection complements development  NEAP III contains environmental policies and guidelines that should be adhered to in the implementation of the proposed project activities.  The sewerage facility development will also be in accordance with the main strategies of the NEAP III. The proponent is committed to the EIA and the proposed monitoring programme. The monitoring programme proposed in this report outlines the environmental management strategy and plan. This EIA has also been prepared in consultation with the key stakeholders, especially the island council, island community of K.Huraa and relevant stakeholders. Therefore, these measures address the key strategies outlined in the NEAP III 7 . 2 . 1 4 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

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The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025 (NBSAP 2016-2025) seeks to ensure that threats to biodiversity are addressed, biodiversity is conserved, sustainably used and benefits arising from them are shared equitably. It also encompasses ways of addressing gaps, challenges and constraints highlighted in earlier sections. It is a living document that will have the capacity to adapt to changes in national conditions, capacities and to the changes in the international arena. In implementing the proposed project activities due care would be given to ensure that the national biodiversity strategies are adhered to.

The proponent has committed on conservation and protection of the environment while undertaking this proposed project. 7 . 2 . 1 5 Waste Management Policy 2015 (Saafu Raajje)

The aim of the waste management policy is to formulate and implement guidelines and means for solid waste management in order to maintain a healthy environment. Accordingly, the key elements of the policy include:  Ensure safe disposal of solid waste and encourage recycling and reduction of waste generated;  Develop guidelines on waste management and disposal and advocate to enforce such guidelines through inter-sectoral collaboration;  Ensure safe disposal of chemical, hazardous and industrial waste.

The proponents of this project must be aware of the policy and all solid and hazardous waste produced in this project should be disposed according to the Environmental Management Plan for the project, which reflects the principles of the Waste Management Policy. 7 . 2 . 1 6 S t r a t e g i c National Action Plan

The strategic National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaption (SNAP) (2010-2020) recognizes the islands of the Maldives by nature are low lying exposing the communities to the threat of beach erosion, sea level rise and salt water intrusion to the ground water lens and other impacts from climate change as natural hazards faced by the Maldives. The key goals of the SNAP include building resilient communities through empowerment and incorporating disaster risk reduction into government’s decentralization policy have been stated. 7 . 2 . 1 7 Regulation for the management of protected areas and natural reserves (2018/R - 78)

This regulation was developed by the Ministry of Environment and Energy and published on 5th August 2018 for the Article 22 (Protection of the Environment) under Chapter 2 (Fundamental Rights and Freedoms) which states that the State has a fundamental duty to protect and preserve the natural environment, biodiversity, resources and beauty of the country for the benefit of present and future generations, and that the State shall undertake and promote desirable economic and social goals through ecologically balanced sustainable development and shall take measures necessary to foster conservation, prevent pollution, the extinction of any species and ecological degradation from any such goals.

This regulations states the implementing agency by the Ministry, identification of natural reserves and areas to be protected, the categories of the areas, registration of the areas, endorsements of the party responsible for the registered area, management plans and how the place should be managed, monitored, and fines for violating the regulations.

Under the regulation, protected and natural reserves will be classified into 7 Categories. They are: 1. Level 1 – Internationally Recognized Areas 2. Level 2 – Strict Nature Reserve 3. Level 3 – Wilderness Areas 4. Level 4 – National Park

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5. Level 5 – Natural Monument 6. Level 6 – Habitat/Species Management Areas 7. Level 7 – Protected Areas with Sustainable Youth

The mangrove forest and lake in K.Huraa are within an “Environmentally Protected Zone”. The mangrove areas will not be harmed during any phase of the work and will be avoided. 7 . 2 . 1 8 Waste management Regulations

The Ministry of Environment has developed national waste management regulation. The key elements of the regulations include: ensure safe disposal of solid waste and encourage recycling and reduction in waste generated, develop guidelines on waste management and disposal and advocate enforcing these guidelines through inter-sectorial collaboration and ensure safe disposal of chemical, industrial and hazardous waste.

Waste management for the proposed project during the construction and operation phase will be in line with this regulation. The waste generated from the project site would be taken to the Thilafushi for disposal. 7 . 2 . 1 9 Guidelines for Domestic Wastewater Disposal

The guideline is developed and implemented by the Environment Protection Agency. The guideline is to improve public health through improved sanitation and cleaner and safer environment by regulating the disposal of domestic wastewater.

The proposed project has been proposed based on the requirements of this guidelines and EIA has been undertaken within the parameters defined by this regulations. All domestic waste will be disposed as per the guidelines provided by EPA. Hence, the treated wastewater will be as per the following guidelines.

Table 1: Treated wastewater quality standards to be achieved MEEW guidelines for maximum Parameter allowable concentrations for discharge into deep sea Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 40 mg/l

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 50 mg/l Suspended Solids 150 mg/L pH 5 -9.5 Oil & Grease (After effective 5 mg/L fat/Grease trap) 7 . 2 . 2 0 Regulation on sand and aggregate mining for building construction

This regulation was published on addresses sand mining from uninhabited islands that have been leased; sand mining from the coastal zone of other uninhabited islands; and aggregate mining from uninhabited islands that have been leased and from the coastal zone of other uninhabited islands for the purpose of building construction.

Neither sand nor aggregate will be mined for this project for the purpose of building construction. 7 . 2 . 2 1 Regulation for cutting down , uprooting and export of trees

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The Regulation on cutting down, uprooting, digging out and export of trees and palms from one island to another was recently issued by the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water. Clause 5 (a) of the regulations states that Prior to the commencement of any project(s) that would require the indiscriminate removal and export of trees/palms from one island to another for the purpose of agriculture, development/development, construction or any other purpose, it is mandatory under the Regulation to prepare an EIA Report stating clearly the details of the Project(s) with all necessary information and submit the same through the relevant Ministry to Ministry of Environment and Energy and the project(s) can only commence upon the grant of written approval from the MEE.

Article 8 (a) requires permission be obtained from Ministry of Environment and Energy, if more than 10 coconut palms that are of a height of 15 ft (from base of the palm to the tip of the palm frond) are cut, uprooted or relocated to another island. The regulation also ensures the replacement of the vegetation that is lost by imposing the planting of two palms for every palm tree that is cut or uprooted (Article 2 (d)). Logging on inhabited islands must be done under supervision of the islands chief or an official appointed by the island chief (Article 8 (c).

According to Article 3 (a) no trees can be cut or uprooted within the 15m zone inside from the vegetation line of an island. If there is any mangrove areas in the island, no trees and be uprooted, dig out or cut within the 15m buffer zone around the mangrove area (Article 3 (b)). Uprooting and cutting of the trees would be carried out as outlined in the regulations. Two trees would be planted for each tree removed.

This regulation has no implication to the proposed project. 7 . 2 . 2 2 First amendment to the regulation for cutting down, uprooting and export of trees

Amendment 1 was issued on 30th January 2014 and revised the articles 8 and 11.

Article 3 defines the types of trees that are prohibited from cutting, uprooting or removing. This amendment now consists of the following types of trees: (a) (1) Any tree that is within 15m from the vegetation line (2) Trees within a 15m buffer zone from any mangrove and wetland area.

(3) Trees that are within the Environmentally Protected Area declared by the government

(4) Trees that are protected by the government for conservation

(5) Trees with a special or unique feature

(b) (1) For any tree or palm cut down or uprooted for a government development project, permission will be given if 6 trees or 6 palms trees are proposed to be planted in compensation. (2) Permission mentioned in (b) (1) shall be granted if a monitoring plan is included in the project plan

Previous Article 11 is now changed to be Article and 12 as a new Article is added.

The new Article 11 states that Environmental Protection Agency is the regulatory implementing agency.

This regulation has no implication to the proposed project. 7 . 2 . 2 3 Dredging and Reclamation regulation (201 3 / R - 1 5 )

This regulation was developed by the Ministry of Environment and Energy and published on 5th August 2018 for the Article 22 (Protection of the Environment) under Chapter 2 (Fundamental Rights and Freedoms) which states that the State has a fundamental duty to protect and preserve the natural environment, biodiversity, resources and beauty of the country for the benefit of present and future generations, and that the State shall undertake and promote desirable economic and social goals through

Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 29 For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives ecologically balanced sustainable development and shall take measures necessary to foster conservation, prevent pollution, the extinction of any species and ecological degradation from any such goals. Following are the relevant clauses of this regulation.

Clause 6, a, and c outlines the situation or cases to which dredging and permit can be given.

Clause 7 discusses the types of situations in which dredging and reclamation can be undertaken.

Clause 10 outlines the exemptions and exceptional cases where enforcing authority can issue decisions or waive the conditions.

Clause 11 outlines the criteria’s to be utilized during dredging and reclamation.

Clause 13 outlines the details conditions to be met in a borrow area. This includes, minimum buffer zone between the reef line, shore lines and also buffer zones around reef.

Clause 14 outlines the dredge spoil disposal methods and its use.

Clause 15 outlines the maximum area for dredging.

Under clause 10, this project can be exempted and the regulatory authority has the legal obligation to issue the approval for this.

In short the regulation covers situations or cases where dredging permits can be given and types and situations where dredging and reclamation can be undertaken. Criteria for dredging and reclamation, minimum buffer zone, between reef line, shoreline, disposal methods, dredge spoil and maximum area for dredging and reclamation are covered in this regulation.

Furthermore, the following points are highlighted.

The 21 clauses in the regulation on Dredging and reclamation was gazetted on 2nd April 2013 and this regulation explains in details about the situations of dredging and reclamation. The relevant clauses of this regulation for this project are outlined below.

Clause 6 (a). Permission for Dredging and reclamation shall be given as per the following methods.

When dredging or reclamation is required, it should be carried out as per the Clause 7 and 8 of the Dredging and Reclamation Regulation. For this the need of dredging or reclamation, land use plan and the details of essential requirement should be submitted to the Implementation Agency. Along with these details, a geo referenced scale map (1:10000) should be submitted and permission should be obtained from the Implementation Agency.

Clause 6 (b) says that, when permit explained in Clause 6(a) is obtained, An “Environmental Impact Assessment” Report should be carried out and submitted to the Implementation Agency.

Clause 6 ( c ) says when the said (Clause 6 (b) ) Environmental Impact Assessment Report is reviewed by the Implementation Agency and the decision taken by the Implementation Agency should be informed to the proponent.

Clause 7 (b) says If the island is leased for Industrial, Agricultural or Tourism related activities or commercial purpose, then the dredging can be carried out to full fill the permit given by the Government Agency. But this dredging can be carried out only if the permitted activity is not possible to proceed due to the accessibility to the island.

Clause 8 (b) If the island is leased for Industrial, Agricultural or Tourism related activities or commercial purpose, then the reclamation can be carried out to full fill the permitted activity by the Government. But

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Clause 10 of this regulation explains about the exemption situations with the exception of the activities explained in clause 6.

Clause 10 (2) says If the island is leased for Industrial, Agricultural or Tourism related activities or commercial purpose, then the dredging and reclamation can be carried out as per the initial concept.

Clause 13 explains the various areas banned for dredging and reclamation under this regulation.

Clause 13 (d) has given reference to clause 13 (c ) number (4) and says sand mining or reclamation that are 200 meters closer to the areas explained in clause 13 ( c ) number 4 are banned. This area is Environmentally Sensitive Areas identified under the Environment Protection and Preservation Act (4/93). 7.2.23.1 First Amendment to the Dredging and Reclamation Regulation.

This amendment to the Regulation came into force on 9th February 2014 and has brought changes to the clause 13 (d) of the Dredging Regulation. The amendment says that the developmental projects planned to carry out under cabinet decision or run under government developmental projects can be preceded even after it falls under clause 13 (d) number 4 along with the conditions given in the first amendment. The proponent shall apply to the Implementation Agency for such activities like sand mining; dredging and reclamation and shall be carried out only after obtaining the permission from the Implementation Agency.

The conditions given in the amendment are as follows. (a) Carry out a study on the existence of living flora, fauna and threatened species

(b) Submit a plan and obtain permission for such plans on how to transfer, shift and farm the threatened species

(c) Develop a natural area not smaller than the existing area with the existing characteristics or develop an area with such characteristics that are instructed by the Implementation Agency as per the policy, regulation, standards and set arrangements to protect, manage, and monitor such areas.

(d) Carry out study to monitor the impact on aquifer and to take mitigation measures to prevent from likely impacts and these activities should be monitored by the implementation Agency.

(e) Carry out study on possible flooding and implement a suitable drainage system as mitigation measures to

Therefore this project can be preceded as per the regulations and its amendments and mitigation and monitoring are explained in relevant sections. 7 . 2 . 2 4 Built Environment Regulation

Built Environment Regulation was formulated under the Maldivian Land Act of 2002. This regulation defines the land allocation and planning regulations for inhabited islands, uninhabited islands and islands for other uses such as industrial and agricultural. This regulation was developed to maximize the use of land considering the size of the population and the development required for the island.

Article 2 states the planning categories for land development project based on the level of development, importance of the project and type of island (inhabited, uninhabited or industrial). The categories are A, B, C, D, and E. Categories A, B, and C islands are inhabited islands are category A being the urban centers of the region, Category D consists of islands that are populated under special circumstances and Category E consists of uninhabited island developed for economic benefits, such as tourism, agriculture, fisheries and other industrial uses.

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Article 7 of the regulation states that the Land Use Plan should be prepared for the forecasted population for the next 20 years. Changes to housing and population and density for the next 20 years should be considered.

Article 12 states the components for environmental protection that has to be considered in the Land Use Plan. These include, protected areas and environmentally sensitive areas, tree buffers, vegetated areas, freshwater lens, and disposal of waste and sewage.

The regulation also explains the zoning of areas (housing, tourism, industrial, etc.), land allocation and its sizes, institutions and public services, environmental protection, construction, consideration for the disabled, and economic development activities.

A Land Use Plan has not been formulated for the Island of K.Huraa. 7 . 2 . 2 5 Environmental Liabilities Regulation (2011/R - 9)

Under the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (No. 4/93), the Ministry of Environment and Energy formulated the Environmental Damage Liabilities Regulation in February 2011, which encompasses the basis to avoid environmental deterioration, extinction of biological resources, environmental degradation and avoid wastage of natural resources. The main purpose of this regulation is to stop unlawful activities on environment and adequately implement a fining procedure for violations as well as implement a compensation mechanism on environmental damages. Its Schedules form the basis for levying fines on various environmental components and activities.

Under the Article 14 of the regulation, any party, from whom the implementing agency requires information relating to an investigation or for other purposes of this regulation, should provide such information.

This regulation describes the factors to consider when determining the fine to be charged on a party causing damage to the environment and formulas to measure the magnitude of the damages caused to the environment. 7.3 International Conventions 7 . 3 . 1 Convention on Biological Diversity The objective of the convention is “the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appropriate access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding”. Maldives signed the convention in June 1992 and ratified it on 28th October 1992.

The proposed development activities outlined in this project does not fall on any area recognized for its ecological value but occurs in an island with sensitive areas. However, it is unlikely there will be a significant loss of biodiversity. The loss is not going to be significant at atoll or national level. Yet, it is recommended that the developer ensures that mitigation measures are followed while executing works on land and in the marine environment to protect the marine biodiversity.

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8 Project Description 8.1 Introduction to the project

Huraa is an important island located in the central region of the country. Its location close to many resorts have created a magnetic affect creating and stimulating many economic activities including guest houses, fisheries, staff accommodation service industries. The island has also been blessed with piped drinking water and an island wide sewerage system that has brought considerable health and social benefits to the islanders. Hence, the island has been an attractive place for development in addition to being an important hub in the region. The land use of Huraa has been hampered or limited due to the presence of a protected wetland which attracts many tourists visiting the resorts and guesthouses in the nearby islands.

Presently, the island is fully saturated and the need for land expansion has never been greater. Despite being located on a large reef, one of the factors that is hindering the development is the lack of land. In the past 6 years or so, there has been a huge impact of the growth of guest house business in the islands and Huraa is among the fastest growing islands in north Male’ atoll. The explosion of guest house business has created more pressure to create new land as associated services and facilities are in dire need of development. This is not considering the multiple housing applications that has been made to the Island council which has been pending for many years.

Expansion of the island through reclamation has been a priority for the islanders and it has been integrated into the land use plans and numerous other development plans developed over the years.

This project proposes to reclaim 23 hectares of land in the shallow lagoon on the eastern side of the island. This land will eventually become available for housing and other commercial and industrial activities. The reclamation will be done using a Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD) by importing sand to the island using sand which is dredged from a borrow site using the hopper dredger. This technology would be a cost effective and a more environmentally acceptable method to undertake reclamation in Huraa. This method would therefore have less environmental impact than the convention reclamation method used in Maldives. 8.2 Project Proponent

This project is proposed by the government of Maldives with Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure as the Implementing Agency. Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure is the government ministry responsible for the development and regulation of the construction sector of the country. It is also the agency which oversees the development of public infrastructure of the country. All reclamation and other projects such as ports and harbour development projects also fall under the responsibility of Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure. Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure has implemented several dredging and reclamation projects throughout the Maldives and have also developed standards and criteria’s for developing harbours. 8.3 Institutional arrangements for managing t h e p r o j e c t

Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure has awarded the contract to MTCC. 8.4 Project Location and Study Area

Huraa is located on the eastern rim of North Malé Atoll. It is in close proximity to Malé, the capital of Maldives. Huraa can be reached by speedboat in about 30 minutes from Male’. Other

Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 33 For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives than Huraa, Himmafushi, Thuusdhoo and Dhiffushi are the only populated islands in North Malé Atoll. Huraa shares its reef system with three other islands, all of which are resorts. On its immediate north-east is Cub Med Kanifushi, Kuda Huraa (Four Seasons) on the south-west and further south-west is Chaayaa Dhonveli. Kuda Huraa and Huraa are separated by a narrow channel approximately 60 metres wide.

The following figures illustrate the location of Huraa in North Male’ Atoll and the shape and size of the island.

Figure 1: Location of Huraa island in North Male’ Atoll

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The following table outlines some key statistics for Huraa island.

Table 1: Some key figures for Huraa island Name of the island Huraa GPS Coordinates 73°36'3.42"E, 4°20'0.16"N Area of islands/Hectares 23.6 and 3.4 hectares of reclaimed area Distance to atoll capital/Km 6.8 Distance to Male'/Km 19 Is it on its own reef No is it sharing reef with other islands Yes if sharing how many islands 3 Nearest distance to reef edge/Km 0.28 Longest distance to reef edge/Km 0.57 Nearest inhabited island Himmafushi Nearest Airport Velanaa International Airport Nearest Resort Four Seasons Kuda Huraa 8.5 Need and Justification to undertake the project

Huraa is presently one of the fastest growing islands in the Maldives. With the rapid expansion of the guest house business in to the islands, Huraa has seen a rapid growth of the tourism sector. Being a vital hub of the North male’ Atoll which is very close to many resorts, the island is presently saturated and housing needs are among the socially most challenged issue. Many residents have applied for new house plots, but are unable to meet the needs as the island does not have space for new housing developments. In addition, due to the presence of a protected wetland, large percentage of the island is unusable. Land is therefore in dire need for social and industrial use. Reclamation is a therefore a real need for Huraa as the island is saturated and there are no additional land for housing plots nor industrial activities.

The present population of the island is approximately 2692 (figure obtained from the 2014 Census) and there are 248 households. This is 10 people on average per house. The island needs an additional 400 houses as existing houses are overcrowded and too many families having to live in the same house is creating social and health issues. The population density of the island at present is 92.

As the island is fully saturated, in order to provide housing and other social needs of the present population, reclamation is urgently needed to lift the social status and prosper development. Without land, industrial growth will not take place and the housing crisis will further exacerbate. In addition, the growth of the guest houses and local tourism can only be accelerated with the provision of additional land area.

Most of the reclaimed land would be usable for domestic and commercial purposes. This great need for housing development in Huraa can only be achieved through creating additional land. Reclamation is therefore very much a serious requirement for the people as lack of space is causing many problems. At present, people willing to undertake industrial activities such as boat repair, boat building, commercial scale fish processing, drying and similar works alike cannot be undertaken in the island due to inadequate space.

Reclamation of 23 hectares of land will therefore increase the economic potential of the island in addition to the various social benefits gained by more space for housing. It is therefore one of the most urgently needed requirement for Huraa island.

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8.6 Project duration and b o u n d a r y

The proposed reclamation and coastal protection project involves the reclamation of 23 hectares of shallow lagoon on the eastern side of Huraa. As part of the project, coastal protection would be provided to the most critical area of the new land that would be reclaimed, not extending 75% of the total perimeter. It is planned that the reclamation would start sometimes in September, 2018 and the coastal protection work following the reclamation. The reclamation is expected to be completed within 2 months. A tentative work plan is attached as an annex.

The following figure illustrates the proposed reclamation concept for Huraa Island.

Figure 2: Proposed Reclamation concept for Huraa 8.7 Brief overview of the project components

The following table outlines a brief overview of the project components.

Project components Details

Dredging The reclamation is proposed to be undertaken by using a TSHD. Hence, as part of the reclamation project, a deep sea sand search survey is also ongoing to identify possible dredge areas. Deep sea sand search survey will be covered in a separate report and is to be submitted to EPA for approval. It is proposed to borrow sand from within the north Male’ Atoll. Refer to the diagrammes attached as an annex. The dredger will go through cycles of consecutive operations:  Dredging in the Atoll lagoon in south Male’ Atoll.

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 Sailing full to the disposal, Huraa island.  Placement of dredge material at the disposal site by pumping directly to the land reclamation area on the east side of the island.  Sailing empty to resume the cycle.

The dredging operation will continue 24 hours a day and 7 days a week as weather permits. Dredge operators will maintain a log of the dredge path, volumes dredged and others.

The TSHD owned by MTCC will be used for this project.

Reclamation of 23 Reclamation will be undertaken by filling the proposed Hectares of land to 1.4 reclamation area with dredged materials obtained from the m above mean sea borrow area. level

Coastal protection Revetments as coastal protection will be constructed along the newly created shoreline not exceeding 80% of the perimeter of the newly reclaimed land.

Table 2: Summary of the project component

RECLAMATION AREA, VOLUME AND CALCULATION OF SEDIMENT REQUIREMENT, Coastal protection details

Area to be reclaimed (on the east of the island) in Hectares 20 Area to be reclaimed (on the west of the island) in Hectares 3 Total area to be reclaimed 23 hectares 23 Average fill height of eastern reclamation (m) +1.4 Average fill height of the western reclamation (m) +1.2 Total volume of sediment required for reclamation (cbm) 610,000.00 Revetment total length (including extensions) 1532.86 meters Solid waste 10kg/person/day

Table 3: Key project statistics 8 . 7 . 1 Borrow Materials for reclamation

It is estimated that 610,000 cubic metres of borrow materials would be needed to reclaim 23 hectares of land. Huraa Island and its reef does have enough material to undertake this project. To speed up the reclamation project, it has been proposed to undertake the reclamation using a TSHD. The contractor has provided locations where sand could be borrowed from North Malé Atoll (Refer to the annex) It is recommended that no dredging shall be carried by the hopper dredger within 500 m around any reef. 8 . 7 . 2 Dredging methods to borrow reclamation materials

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The materials will be borrowed using a trailing suction hopper dredger (TSHD). This TSHD has a standard twin-screw trailing suction hopper dredgers with a hopper capacity of 3.700m³. The material loosened by the drag head, together with some transport water, is sucked into the suction pipe by means of a centrifugal pump, and subsequently placed.

8.7.2.1 Transportation of fill material to reclamation site

The TSHD will transport the sediments from the borrow area to the Huraa reclamation site. The following diagrame illustrates the sand bunds, pipeline, discharge locations, over flow gats for sediments and machinery flow routes.

Figure 3: Reclamation plan and details

8.7.2.2 Creation of bund wall around fill area

The proposed filling area for reclamation will be marked by disposing sand around the boundary of the area to be filled, thus creating a bund wall. Filling will then be taken by disposing dredged sand to this area and compacting. Creating the perimeter bund wall is important to control sedimentation and prevention of silts from dispersing in to the lagoon and ultimately in to the reef. 8 . 7 . 3 Coastal Protection of the Reclaimed Land

After reclamation, coastal protection will be undertaken in order to prevent erosion of the shoreline and to prevent land loss in the short to long term. Revetment will be constructed around 80% of the perimeter of the reclaimed land. Revetments would be made of rock boulders. Details of the coastal protection would be developed by the contractor. These details would be provided when it is developed by the contractor. The following diagramme illustrate a proposed concept for coastal protection indicating the critical areas as well as areas where the beach will be created.

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Figure 4: Proposed reclamation and revetment concept and length. 8 . 7 . 4 Proposed area for the reclamation

The proposed area for the reclamation lies on the east of the existing island. Refer to the above figure. 8 . 7 . 5 Layout of the reclamation area and drainage patterns

The final expected layout of the reclamation area is illustrated in the following figure. The final reclamation height of the newly reclaimed land will be 1.4 meters from Mean Sea Level. The diagramme also indicates the drainage patterns that will be in place to avoid flooding the existing island. As the newly reclaimed land will be slightly higher than the existing island, a trench like groove of approximately 2 to 3 meters wide will be made at the interface between the existing island and the newly reclaimed land. This method will create a separation zone between the island and the newly reclaimed land that will ensure that storm water does not flood the existing island. This method has been proved to work in islands like Kulhudhufushi in Haa Dhaal Atoll where a similar trench is made. Similarly, in Thimarafushi island, this method is proving to function as well. At present, the average height of the island is approximately 1.28 metres from MSL. The following figure outline the layout of the reclamation and planned temporary drainage options.

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Figure 5: Proposed reclamation and drainage concept plan. 8 . 7 . 6 Concept plan for the project

Refer to the attached concept plan in the annex as well as figures in this section. 8 . 7 . 7 Location and size of sand borrow areas

Dredging has been proposed to be undertaken from the inner atoll lagoon of North Male’ Atoll. Refer to annex for details of sand search survey. A separate report will be submitted to EPA once the report is completed. 8 . 7 . 8 Details of the sand bunding proposed

The minimum width of the sand bund should be not less than 2.5 meters at the base. The most important factor in the sand bund is the height as the sand bund should be higher than the water level during the highest tide. An ideal height would be at least 1 meter high from the mean sea level as otherwise the bund will be overtopped during high tide. Therefore, a complete tide chart for at least a month should be obtained as reference for the contractor to work. The goal of the sand bund is to prevent sediment plume from escaping and hence, the contractor should ensure that this does not happen. The map below illustrates a schematic of how sand bunds will be made.

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Figure 6: Proposed layout scheme for creating sand bunds

As the sand bunding works is the very first activity, there are limitations on how much sediment control measures can be placed. It is impossible to totally avoid sedimentation as the first step itself creates sedimentation during the event of sand bund creation. Nevertheless the contractor can time the working hours to coincide with the low tide hours as this is the only practical means to control sedimentation. Another mitigation measure would be to utilize an experienced contractor, especially the excavator operator must be experienced enough to undertake this work in the shortest time to minimize the duration of the impact. Last, but not least is the placement of the sand bund and how and where to start. The areas close to the reef should be completed first to limit the duration of sedimentation.

8 . 7 . 9 Quantity, quality and characteristics of fill material

The sediment will be sourced from the inner lagoon of north Male’ Atoll. A total of 610,000 cubic meters of sediment will be obtained from the borrow site using the dredger. Refer to the attached concept plan. The sediment quality will be similar to the existing sediment at the sea bed of the lagoon. A detailed sand report is presently being prepared and will be submitted to EPA. Projects in Male’ Atoll like Gulheefalhu east of Thilafushi has been reclaimed from sand dredged from the inner lagoon. Hence, the sediment will be sand, with calcium carbonate as the main component.

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8 . 7 . 1 0 Method and equipment’s used for dredging, including description and operational control

The project will be implemented through a carefully managed plan. Reclamation will be initiated as soon as the EIA is approved and the contractor is selected. Dredging will be undertaken using dredger. The dredger will be mobilized to the borrow site. The filling area will be adequately bunded before filling. Hence, the filling areas will highly prevent sediment spilling in to the lagoon and the reef during the filling process. 1.1.1 Justification for selecting the methods and equipment’s

A TSHD dredger is selected for the following reasons: - They are less environmentally damaging, meaning that the sand is borrowed in pre- surveyed sand pockets in the deep Atoll lagoon. These pockets of sand constitute fine sand and no coral. Like a vacumm cleaner, sand is sucked in to the dredger and transported to the filling site. This process does not physically damage coral reefs and is considered to be a very attractive option. Unlike a cutter suction dredger, it physically destroys an area of the lagoon and changes the geography of the entire reef. - Unlike a conventional cutter-suction dredger, a TSHD execute a given project in a very short time. This factor thus becomes very attractive as it reduces the overall cost resulting from project delays. The reclamation land is available for further development at a fraction of the time it would normally take a conventional cutter suction dredger to work.

8 . 7 . 1 1 Duration of dredging activity

The total duration of project is attached as an annex. Refer to the construction schedule. 8 . 7 . 1 2 Labour requirements and labour availability

This project will be contracted to a MTCC who has undertaken a number of similar reclamation projects in Maldives. Hence, the contractor will be responsible for obtaining the required labour for this project.

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8 . 7 . 1 3 Housing of temporary labour

Housing of labour will also be the responsibility of the contractor and they will be based in Huraa island during the course of the project. Temporary project site is outlined below.

Figure 7: Temporary site (highlighted in pink) 8 . 7 . 1 4 Emergency plan in case of spills (diesel, grease, oil)

Spillages can be an issue in this project if adequate measures are not taken. Hence, oil, grease and other fuel storage will be held on land in a temporary site that has an adequate flooring. Refuelling of excavators, loaders and trucks will be required during the filling and coastal protection works. 1.1.2 Measures to control sedimentation

Refer to the impacts and mitigation section for more details.

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8.8 Project Inputs and Outputs 8 . 8 . 1 Project Inputs

The types of resources that will go into the project and from where and how these will be obtained are given in the following table.

Table 4: Matrix of major inputs during construction period

INPUT RESOURCE(S) SOURCE/TYPE HOW TO OBTAIN RESOURCES

Construction workers (25+) Maldivians +foreign Contractor labours

Water supply (construction Desalinated water / mineral Available from Huraa period). water / rainwater

Electricity/Energy Mobile Diesel generators Contractor (construction period) and from the existing power grid.

Construction machinery Excavators, barges, Contractor general construction tools, wheel loaders, dump trucks and loader.

Telecommunications Mobile Phones, and radio Contractor two-way communications.

Food (during construction From Huraa island. Contractor period)

Fuel, Diesel, Petrol, Lubricants Contractor to obtain from Huraa island or source it from Male’.

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8 . 8 . 2 Project Outputs

The type of outputs (products and waste streams) and what is expected to happen to them are given in the following table. PRODUCTS AND ANTICIPATED METHOD OF WASTE MATERIALS QUANTITIES DISPOSAL wastewater 250/l/person/day Waste water generated by the labour force of the contractor Waste oil and grease Approximately 100 litres Stockpiled in the island (hazardous waste) per month and later will be disposed at Thilafushi after they are transported during demobilization. Noise Localized to the project Unavoidable during the site including the construction stage but will surrounding areas. be minimized. Air pollution Limited quantities of dust, Mainly arising as a result oxides of Nitrogen and of emission from the sulphur from use of construction work such as machinery in the from the dredgers, construction zone. excavators and machinery. Only localised. Dredged spoil or sediment A total of 610,000 cbm To be dredged using a or sand from the borrow area. TSHD Reclaimed land 23 Hectares To be filled at the proposed reclamation area. Revetment 1532.86 meters For shore protection after reclamation at most critical locations Solid waste 10kg/person/day Waste wat.er generated by the labour force of the contractor

Table 5: Matrix of major outputs of environmental significance during construction stage 8 . 8 . 3 Reclamation or filling methods

Reclamation or filling will be undertaken by disposing sediment into the area to be filled. The disposed sediment will be spread evenly at the end of filling using excavators, loaders, trucks and bulldozers. The reclamation works will be undertaken in a similar manner to that described below. - Reclamation will be done in sections. - Mark the perimeter of the area to be filled. - Erect a temporary seawall of adequate height using sand bunds around the area to be filled to minimize sediment flow onto the reef. This will be done initially from the very first materials obtained from dredging or using sand from the lagoon itself. - Fill the area and create a similar bund around the second bunded area.

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- Continue filling to fill the enclosed area. - Undertake levelling and compacting.

8.8.3.1 Compaction and levelling

Compaction will be undertaken as the reclamation goes off by disposing water in to the fill area. As water percolates thorough the filled area, settlement will automatically take place and the area will be compacted. Levelling will be done once the proposed area has been reclaimed.

Before reclamation, the contractor needs to establish a reference network on which the reclamation levels could be measured. The network should be established by the contractor in accordance with the guidelines issued by Maldives Land Surveying Authority. Levelling of the reclaimed land will be undertaken to 1.4 m above mean sea level.

8.8.3.2 Management of general solid waste

All domestic wastes from the construction activities, that is from the reclamation works will enter the present waste management cycle in Huraa, that is domestic garbage. All other such as hazardous wastes like waste oil, grease, construction waste will be stockpiled and transferred to Thilafushi after the project.

8.8.3.3 Expected Environmental Conditions during the Project Implementation Period

The project activities will take place in south-west monsoon, and hence environmental conditions are expected to be mostly unfavourable during the construction period. Reclamation works will be undertaken on the east side which will be mostly calm in SW monsoon and hence, the impact on weather would be less significant. However, on the eastern side, the conditions will be rough during bad weather. Calm conditions on the eastern sides will therefore create more favourable conditions during reclamation which will mitigate the reef damage to some extent. Nevertheless, the filling would have a greater influence as winds will not always be calm during the reclamation works. Therefore, the strategy would be to complete the reclamation works with proper bunding and within the shortest possible duration and possibly before the onset of the north-east monsoon. The eastern side reef will have a greater possibility of sedimentation as the winds from west will influence sediment transportation east.

Along the two tips of the island, most notably, the southern side, high currents will disperse sediments east to westerly direction during the construction period.

8.8.3.4 Risks Associated with the Project

There are few risk factors associated with this project that could possibly have both financial and environmental implications. The most significant risk associated is damage and destruction of the lagoon and the reef caused by direct destruction of the habitats as well as indirect effects.

The scheduling of the project would affect the lives of many people around the area, specially the movement of the dredger. Hence proper information needs to be provided to the public as they need to be aware of the movement of the dredger from the borrow site to the reclamation site at Huraa. Huraa region is a highly active tourism zone including guest transfers, ferry movement, excursion and diving and more. Many dive sites are present in this region and boat movements including safari boats and other dive boats operate in the region. The movement of

Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 46 For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives the dredger will therefore have a major impact on these logistical operations of the nearby resorts, safari boats and public transportation.

Proper care need to be taken to control and mitigate the sedimentation and siltation caused by the reclamation. Sedimentation will be an issue but will be minimized by limiting the filling work hours as well as undertaking work during low tide hours. Sedimentation will be an issue for the coral reefs around the borrow areas as some sedimentation will occur despite sand being borrowed from deep. Nevertheless, it is not expected to spread to the nearby reefs. Evidence from similar dredging undertaken on the western side of Hulhule Island indicates that although there is lot of sedimentation of the area, it does not pose a serious dispersion hazard to the nearby coral reefs beyond 5 meters as the sediment fines do not settle down easily, but rather are more carried away. However, spreading of fine sediment around the vicinity of the dredging area will impact the reefs through reduction of visibility and its associated impacts. Sedimentation will also greatly impact nearby reefs.

There is also the risk of project delays caused by bad weather. The project period falls in the south west monsoon. This risk can be minimized if the works are scheduled as such that weather is taken as important aspect in the project planning.

The most important risk associated with this project is the possible damage to the marine environment as a result of dredging and reclamation. The filling area or the lagoon has sea grass which will totally be destroyed and there will be direct and indirect impacts from sedimentation of the coral reef, mostly on the eastern side. 8.9 Construction Schedule and methodology

A tentative schedule is attached as an annex.

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9 Methodology

This section outlines the methodologies used in this environmental assessment. The following table outlines a matrix of methodologies used in this project. Details of these methodologies and their descriptions are attached as an annex.

Methodology type Area / environmental aspect Used in this project (yes/no) General methodologies of data Generally covering the Yes collection broader Environment Mapping and location Coastal, terrestrial and Yes identification marine environment. Marine Environmental survey Marine environment Yes 20 m Line Intercept transect Marine environment Yes (LIT), Reef Check 50 m photo quadrate analysis Marine environment No

Qualitative assessment of the reef Marine environment Yes Permanent photo quadrate Marine environment No Ref fish visual census Marine environment Yes Marine Water Quality Marine environment Yes Coastal Environment Coastal Environment Yes Shoreline and vegetation line Coastal Environment No mapping Coastal structures mapping Coastal Environment No

Erosion and accretion areas Coastal Environment No mapping Beach profiles Coastal Environment No

Drogues and current Coastal Environment Yes Terrestrial Environment Terrestrial environment Terrestrial floral survey Terrestrial environment No Terrestrial faunal survey Terrestrial environment No Groundwater assessment Terrestrial environment Yes Bathymetry Marine / Coastal Yes Environment Aerial Photos Generally covering the Yes broader Environment Long term weather data Generally covering the Yes broader Environment

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10 Existing Environment of Maldives 10.1 Existing general environment of Maldives

The general environmental conditions of Maldives are well documented in many EIA reports and reference is made on the following EIA reports.  EIA for the development of sewerage system in Nilandhoo, Faafu Atoll (Water Solutions Pvt Ltd, 2006).

 EIA for the development of a resort in Kalhufahalafushi island in Thaa Atoll (Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, 2006).

 EIA for the development of a resort in Vagaru island in Haa Alifu Atoll (Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd; 2006).

 EIA For the Proposed Sewage Outfall and Minor Coastal Modifications in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll (Sand Cays, 2017) 10.2 Existing Marine Environment

The marine environmental survey at Huraa island was focused on four (4) sites as indicated in the following diagramme.

Figure 8: Marine Survey Locations

Site selection for the marine survey was based on the location where the reclamation areas are proposed and control sites for monitoring purposes.

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1 0 . 2 . 1 Methodology of marine surveys

Several methods are available to estimate the percent benthic cover on coral reefs. Some of the common methods are, rapid visual assessment, line-point intercept, and photo-quadrat surveys. For this particular survey, a photo quadrate method was used. Photo quadrate surveys involve taking photos at a fixed distance from the substrate generally at a random or regular interval along a transect line.

The photo quadrate surveys are undertaken as follows. A transect line of 20 metres at each site, surveyor then places a half a metre quadrate made from PVC along the transect line and takes a photo directly vertically. The second photo is then taken along in the same manner after approximately 1 m away from the first photo. In this manner, photos are taken along the transect line and in total, 10 photos on each transect line is taken. 1 0 . 2 . 2 Data Processing methodology

Analysis of the photos were done using a computer program called, CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel extensions). This is an internationally recognized software used all over the word to assess the benthic composition of the reefs. In this programme, photographs are analyzed using a pre-defined benthic categories. Depending on the type of survey, these categories can be user defined at any given level. Users can have very complex levels ranging from individual coral families or have broader assessments categories. As the objective of this survey was to assess the impact of dredging and reclamation, it made sense to use a broader categories. Hence, benthic categories adopted by the Reef Check protocol was utilized. A text file containing these categories were created and imported to CPCe. The Reef Check protocol allows categorizing life forms followed under the Reef Check protocol, which emphasizes on benthic composition categorizing such as hard corals, sand, rock and others. The emphasis is not on recording corals to their species levels, but rather the general coral and other life forms such as hard and soft corals. This method is more accurate as the percentage of healthy coral cover and other life forms can be more accurately recorded even by a non-experienced surveyor.

The following are definition of benthic categories used in this survey.  HC: All living coral including bleached coral; includes fire, blue and organ pipe corals  SC: Soft corals and include zoanthids but not anemones (OT)  DC: Coral that has died within the past year; appears fresh and white or with corallite structures still recognizable  ALG: All macro-algae except coralline, calcareous and turf (record the substrate beneath for these); Halimeda is recorded as OT; turf is shorter than 3cm.  SP: All erect and encrusting sponges (but no tunicates).  RC: Any hard substrate; includes dead coral more than 1 yr old and may be covered by turf or encrusting coralline algae, barnacles, etc.  RB: Reef rocks between 0.5 and 15cm in diameter  SD: Sediment less than 0.5cm in diameter; in water, falls quickly to the bottom when dropped.  SI: Sediment that remains in suspension if disturbed; recorded if color of the underlying surface is obscured by silt.  OT: Any other sessile organism including sea anemones, tunicates, gorgonians or non- living substrate.  SG: All types of sea grass observed categorized in the field SG.

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Each of the 10 photos from transect are imported, cropped and prepared for analysis. The CPCe program then generates a matrix of random points overlaid on the image for each point to be visually identified. Users can then input the defined categories for each photo and once all the photos are analysed, the results are displayed on a table. 1 0 . 2 . 3 C o r a l r e e f

Four sites were surveyed to assess the marine environment as baseline for reef benthic community.

10.2.3.1 Benthic composition at site 1 and Site 2 (M1)

Site 1 was selected from the reclamation area on the east side of the island. Site 2 was selected from the reclamation area north-west side of the island. Both sides of the island is mostly filled with sea grass. However some areas are deepened for recreational purposes. Fishes observed to be common were Damselfishes.

Figure 9: Sea grass areas around Huraa Island

During the reclamation an area of 87620 square meter of sea grass will be lost from south east side of the island, and half of 94592 square meter will be lost and others will be effected. Moreover, 71277 square meter of sea grass will be effected from north and north-east side of the island.

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Figure 10: Photos taken from site 1 (M1) and Site 2 (M2), (06 August 2018)

10.2.3.2 Benthic composition at site 3 (M3)

Site 3 is selected adjacent to the reclamation area. The site was chosen as the activities in the reclamation area would have negative impacts on the benthic and fish community at the site. The reef area could possibly be subject to sedimentation due to sand pumping into the reclamation area. Benthic substrate of this area is dominated by rubble (72 %). Fishes observed to be abundant were Wrasses and Damselfishes. The following graph outlines the status of site 3.

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Figure 11: Percentage benthic composition at site 3 (M3) (06 August 2018)

Figure 12: Photos taken from site 3 (M3) (06 August 2018)

10.2.3.3 Benthic composition at site 4 (M4)

Site 4 is selected from western side of the island. This site is selected as a control site. Benthic substrate of this area is dominated by rubble (63.50%). However among surveyed locations live

Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 53 For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives corals were only observed in this site (11.50%). Live corals observed at the site includes Massive corals and Pocillopora. Fishes observed to be abundant were Wrasses. The following graph outlines the status of site 4.

Figure 13: Percentage benthic composition at site 4 (M4) (06 August 2018)

Figure 14: Photos taken from site 4 (M4) (06 August 2018)

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10.2.3.4 Benthic Composition at site 5 (M5)

Site 5 is selected from the lagoon between Huraa Island and Kudahuraa resort. Benthic substrate of this area is dominated by rubble. Live corals were not observed at the site. During the survey it is known that the current flow is quite high in this area. Furthermore, it is found that current flows from east to west side. Furthermore because of high current only wrasses and damselfish were observed. The following graph outlines the status of site 5.

Figure 15: Percentage benthic composition at site 5 (M5) (06 August 2018)

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Figure 16: Photos taken from site 5 (M5) (06 August 2018)

10.2.3.5 Status of fish abundance

The amount and type of fish present at a given site can be a good indicator of the marine environment. For example, increased grazers are generally a sign of increased nutrients in the area, thus decreased coral cover and increased algal cover. The following table outlines the fish count survey at all the sites.

Figure 17: Fish abundance based on the fish survey at survey sites (06 August 2018) Family/Subfamily Site M1 Site M2 Site M3 Site M4 Site M5 Anthias (Anthiadinae) - - - - - Surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) - - C C - Wrasses (Labridae) R C A A R Parrotfishes (Scaridae) - - - - - Triggerfishes (Balistidae) - - R R - Boxfishes (Ostraciidae) - - - - - Damselfishes (Pomacentridae) R R A C R Groupers (Serranidae) - - - - - Moorish idol (Zanclidae) - - - - - Butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) - - - - - Goatfishes (Mullidae) - - R R - Hawkfishes(Cirrhitidae) - - - - - Threadfin and Whiptail breams (Scolopsis) - - - - - Octopus (Octopodidae) - - - - -

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Fusiliers (Caesionidae) - - - - - Rabbitfishes (Siganidae) - - - - - Gobies (Gobiidae) - - - - - Pipefishes and seahorses (Syngnathinae) - - - - - Pufferfishes (Tetraodontidae) - - R R - Emperors or scavengers (Lethrinidae) - - - - - Jacks and Trevalleys (Carangidae) - - - - - Angelfishes (Pomacanthidae) - - - - - Lizardfishes (Synodontidae) - - R - - Squirrelfishes, soldierfishes (Holocentridae) - - - - - Grunts and Sweetlips (Haemulidae) - - - - - Eels and Morays (Anguilliformes) - - - - - Rudder Fish (Kyphosidae) - - - - - Napoleon Wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) - - - - - Snappers (Lutjanidae) - - - - -

A= Abundant (Meaning that during the 15-minute time swim survey, species counts were recorded more than 50, hence it is difficult to count their numbers). C=Common (Meaning that during the 15-minute time swim survey, they were spotted occasionally and throughout the survey, but their numbers were less than 50). R=Rare (Meaning that during the survey, only few of these species were observed, often 1 or 2.

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10.3 Marine water quality and bathymetry

The primary objective of the marine water quality sampling was to determine the baseline conditions of the marine water in the project site. Qualitative and quantitative assessments were made on seawater from two location. The following table illustrates the result of the marine water quality test.

Table 6: Results of the marine water quality tests undertaken in Huraa Island

Water Quality Site SW1 Site SW2 Optimal range Ref

Physical Clear with Clear with - - appearance particles. particles.

Temperature C 23.7 23.7 18 - 32 Degree Celsius GBRMPA 2009

Salinity (%) 34.39 34.30 3.2% - 4.2% GBRMPA 2010

pH 8.21 8.22 8 to 8.3. Levels below 7.4 will cause stress

Turbidity 0.337 0.320 3 to 5 NTU. > 5 NTU Cooper et al 2008 (NTU) causes stress

Nitrogen <0.02 (LoQ <0.02 (LoQ - - Ammonia 0.02 mg/L) 0.02 mg/L)

Sulphate 2700 2650 - - (mg/L)

Phosphate <0.05 (LoQ 0.06 - - (mg/L) 0.05 mg/L)

Biological 1 1 - - Oxygen Demand (BOD) (mg/L)

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10.4 E x i s t i n g C o a s t a l Environment

The coastal environment of Huraa consists of the beaches, shores, coastal vegetation, shallow lagoons and coastal protection structures. The beach environment consists of a combination of sandy beaches, coastal protection and mixture of rubble mound beaches. 1 0 . 4 . 1 Features of the Coastal Environment

The coastal environment of the island and in general the project area can be described as having the following components:

They are: 1. The natural shallow lagoon around the island. 2. The western side is highly modified with a combination of harbour structures and rocky shores. 3. A coastline characterized by white sandy beach along the north, some parts of north-east and coastal protection constructed shores on the south and south west sides. 4. Eroding beaches on the southern side as well as north-west. 5. Coastal vegetation around the island.

The condition of the coastal environment of the island is discussed below.

10.4.1.1 Lagoon on the eastern side

The project takes place on the eastern side of the island. The eastern lagoon where the reclamation is proposed is mostly covered with sea grass beds. The sea grass beds on the eastern side helps to control the sediment movement as well as protect the shores from strong waves. As most areas of the eastern lagoon have sea grass, the proposed reclamation project will directly destroy the sea grass environments. In addition to the seagrass, the seabed contains coarse sand and also unconsolidated coral rubbles, and beach rocks in some areas. Refer to the marine environmental survey results to assess the baseline conditions of the proposed reclamation area.

One of the most significant impacts would be the direct destruction of sea grass beds on the eastern side lagoon.

10.4.1.2 Environmental condition of the dredged Material Disposal Areas

The dredged material disposal site or the proposed reclamation area of Huraa is on the eastern and western side of the island. The seabed of these areas consists of mainly coarse sand, beach rocks and rubble along with the sea grass beds. No significant benthic life was encountered during the visual observation. The proposed site do not possess any significant environment except the sea grass beds as most of the shallow lagoon and the beach area is covered with sea grass and coral rubbles. No significantly important benthic life was encountered during the visual observation. Since sea grass beds are of no ecological value to the Maldivian society, they are not preferred in many islands despite the environmental benefits they provide.

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10.4.1.3 Beaches

The most dynamic beaches on the island are found on the northern tip. This area is not planned to be reclaimed. These beaches have been stabilized using groynes. However, due to the dynamic nature of the tip with high currents on the north channel, there is lot of sediment movement in this area. As a result, the north-west side of the island’s beach is beach that varies on both east and west side of the northern tip of the island in both monsoons.

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10.5 Existing Socio - Economic Environment 1 0 . 5 . 1 Overview of Kaafu Atoll

Kaafu Atoll, more commonly known as Male’ Atholl is made up of four natural atolls, Kaashidhoo, Gaafaru, North and south Male’ Atolls. Male’ is located in North Male’ Atoll and is the capital of Maldives. The islands, Vilingili, Hulhule’ and Hulhumale’ adjacent to the capital Male’ city are considered a part of Male’ and do not fall under the Kaafu atoll administration. Velana International Airport, previously known as Ibrahim Nasir International Airport is located in Hulhule’ Island.

North Male’ Atoll is approximately 68 km in length and 42 km in width which is including Gaafaru. South Male’ Atoll is approximately 36 km in length and 20 km in width. Kaashidhoo Atoll is approximately 3.17 km in length and 4 km in width. Approximately 12 percent of the total island in Male’ Atoll are inhabited and 54 percent of the total island are uninhabited and 35 percent of the total island are resorts.

South Male’ Atoll has the second highest number of resorts. There are two marine protected sites, namely Emboodhoo Kandu and Guraidhoo Kandu, which are famous dive sites. There are only three inhabited islands in this atoll. Maafushi Island presently has the highest number of guest houses among the inhabited islands.

The capital of Kaafu Atoll Thulusdhoo, which is located located 22 km north of Male’. The biggest island in Male’ Atoll is Kaashidhoo Island which is about 273.8 ha, and Male’ is about 192 ha. Male’ city has more facilities compared to rest of the Island of Male’ Atoll as well as the whole Maldives, including health and education services. 1 0 . 5 . 2 P o p u l a t i o n

The population of Kaafu atoll is 12,232 residents as of the 2014 census, which is excluding Male’ city. According to census 2014 Male’ population 153,904 including foreigners. The population of the atoll is concentrated in north male atoll than south male atoll as the number of island inhabited is more in north male Atoll The following table outlines the statistics for Kaafu Atoll which compares population figures from 2006 to 2014 and percentage of change. Table 7: Atoll population of 2006 & 2014 and percentage change Atoll 2006 2014 Percent Change Male’ Atoll 10,149 12,232 20.5

The following table outlines the population of Kaafu atoll as per the 2014 census. Table 8: Population statistics for Kaafu Atoll (2014) Administrative Islands (including foreigners) Population Kaashidhoo 1,865 Gaafaru 1,066 Dhiffushi 1,053 Thulusdhoo 1,408 Huraa 1,300 Himmafushi 1,725 Gulhi 912 Maafushi 3,025 Guraidhoo 1,738 1 0 . 5 . 3 Huraa Island

The project takes place in the Island of Huraa in Kaafu atoll (North Male’ Atoll) located at 4°20'02.87"N and 73°36'03.78"E which has an area of approximately 30 hectares (ha) with a population of 1,300 residents. The island of operates about 18 guest house and actively involved in tourism. One of the main attraction of the island is the 4ha Environment Protection Zone of the mangrove lake and forest. This Mangrove was declared a protected are on the 14th of June 2006 and is the one of the most well-known mangroves in the Maldives. The mangrove vegetation is found in a bay, which is subjected to daily flushing. Ten species of plants are found in this mangrove including four true mangrove species and six mangrove associate species. Several species of birds including some protected species, fish, crab, and shrimps have been recorded from this mangrove.

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10.5.3.1 Employment

A large proportion of the employed population of Huraa are involved in working in the hotels and restaurants sector. This is followed by this is followed by manufacturing and construction and wholesale and retail trade. Being close to Male’ and numerous resorts, the island is regularly visited by tourists. This is reflected by the number of people working in the hotels and restaurants. At present, there are about 18 guest houses on the island.

10.5.3.2 Education

At present, there is one public school teaching upto GCE Ordinary level and one community-run pre-school on the island. Currently there are 211 students enrolled in the public school. Many families have moved to the nearby capital to provide better education for their children.

10.5.3.3 Electricity

Round-the-clock electricity is available in the island by three diesel generators owned by the community.

10.5.3.4 Health

Huraa Island is serviced by a Health Center. This is the lowest of health infrastructure provided in the islands. They provide basic services such as clean environment for delivery and are staffed with a Family Health Worker who can provide simple curative and preventive services at the island level. For more complicated ailments, they are expected to visit Male’ hospitals and clinics which provide better services.

10.5.3.5 Water and sanitation

Sewerage and water facilities for Huraa Island are provided by the Island council. Traditionally ground water from wells was used on all islands as the primary source of water. The ground water is now contaminated due to over extraction as a results of increasing population. Some islanders still use ground water for washing and cleaning purposes.

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11 Environmental Impacts 11.1 Assessing and identification of Impact

Environmental Impact identification has been undertaken by considering the proposed activities and examining the level of impact the proposed development will have on the environment. Each activity was then examined in detail to identify the construction methods, technology and other factors that would determine the potential impact of the various activities. The following methods were used to identify the impacts of this project.  Impact Identification Matrix (refer to the matrix)

 Expert judgment. This method relied on experience gained from similar projects in Maldives. 11.2 Impact identification matrix

This matrix was designed to help provide an assessment and screening of the potential environmental impacts of this project. The matrix considered 17 potential environmental factors. Indicators are listed for each factor and these are used as a weighing scale. The project components are then assessed against each factor, scoring them on a scale of 1 to 10. This tool was thus utilized to help provide an assessment and screening of the potential environmental impacts of this project. The matrix will identify the impact types. Once the impact types are determined, the matrix is then used to assess the impact significance together with the network diagramme and expert judgment.

This matrix contains:  An impact assessment matrix which lists all of the 17 environmental factors and allows, for each one, to provide a score (1-10) and any additional comments. Each factor considers several sub categories (not indicated in the following matrix), depending on the project type and a total score is derived by averaging the individual scores.

 A summary of scores for each factors and the impact type, negative, positive or neutral.

All types of projects that are listed in the EIA Regulation of 2012 can be assessed using this tool. The following table outlines the impact assessment matrix and the scores for the 17 categories derived for this project.

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Impacts Total score Negative (1-3) Neutral Positive (4 -7) (8 -10) Air pollution 4.00 x Waste - x Water pollution 1.00 x Noise/Vibration 5.00 x Amenity 5.00 x Ground water 5.00 x conservation Energy 5.00 x Energy efficiency 5.00 x Access to quality green 6.00 x space Flooding 3.00 x Transport 8.25 x Biodiversity 1.25 x Local environmental 9.00 x quality Resource depletion 5.40 x Health gain 9.50 x Employment 8.00 x Socio-economic 9.00 x implications

Scale Score 1-3, Negative Environmental Impact Scale Score 4-7; Neutral Environmental Impact Scale Score 8-10; Positive Environmental Impact Table 8: Impact assessment matrix for the project 11.3 Magnitude of impacts

Environmental impacts of the proposed work have been examined through the above mentioned two processes and the results are outlined in the following pages. By using the impact assessment matrix as a tool, the magnitude of the impacts can be assessed as outlined in the following table. Scores based on the impact assessment matrix < Negative Impacts > < Neutral Impacts > < Positive Impacts >* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Magnitude Major 2, Minor 4 &5 Minor, 6 & 7 Good Very Excellent of adverse adverse Negligible good impacts. 3, Moderate adverse Table 9: Impact magnitudes and their corresponding scores.

This EIA identifies and quantifies the significance of impacts on the environment from the proposed project. Impacts on the environment were identified and described according to their location/attribute, extent (magnitude) and characteristics (such as short-term or long term, direct or indirect, reversible or irreversible) and assessed in terms of their significance according to the following categories:

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 Negligible – the impact is too small to be of any significance;

 Minor– the impact is minor;

 Minor adverse – the impact is undesirable but accepted;

 Moderate adverse – the impact give rise to some concern but is likely to be tolerable in short-term (e.g. construction phase) or will require a value judgment as to its acceptability;

 Major adverse – the impact is large scale giving rise to great concern; it should be considered unacceptable and requires significant change or halting of the project.

 Positive – the impact is likely to bring a positive change in the sense that it is aimed at further minimizing the impacts as a result of the proposed actions. 11.4 Uncertainties in Impact Prediction

Environmental impact prediction involves a certain degree of uncertainty as the natural and anthropogenic impacts can vary from place to place due to even slight differences in ecological, geomorphologic or social conditions in a particular place. There is also limited data and information regarding the particular site under consideration, which makes it difficult to predict impacts.

However, the level of uncertainty, in the case of this project at Huraa is expected to be low as reclamation has been undertaken in many islands of Maldives. Therefore, the damage to coral reef is easy to quantify based on past experience in other islands.

However, despite this, in the marine environment, there is a higher degree of uncertainty as the marine environment is more sensitive in extreme cases such as severe weather conditions. The areas where filling will be undertaken is the east side lagoon with very less or zero percentages of live corals. The proposed filling area is a sea grass bed. Hence, in terms of coral damage, the eastern side will not have an adverse impact, but filling will completely destroy and alter the lagoon bottom as well as cause indirect impacts through sedimentation. Therefore, sedimentation will affect the coral reef on the east side of the lagoon.

Dredging and reclamation activities are developments that had been undertaken in other parts of the Maldives and their impacts are well known and have been well documented. Therefore, there is very little uncertainty involved in this project.

The following matrix outlines the impacts and mitigation measures and their significance.

The following tables outlines the impacts and mitigation measures proposed as well as the matrix of impacts and their characterization. Reference to the matrix was derived from (Hoepner, 1999).

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11.5 O u t l i n e o f m a j o r environmental i m p a c t s 1 1 . 5 . 1 Changes in drainage pattern and flooding

Reclamation of land will increase the risk of storm water flooding to the adjacent land / lagoon. Drainage of coastal areas depends on the distance of the point to be drained from the sea and the elevation difference between them. This determines the hydraulic gradient of the water flowing in the drains. Reclamation extends the distance and therefore reduces the hydraulic gradient. This can result in reduction of flood discharge through the drains and can cause flooding. This will be exacerbated if the reclaimed land is filled higher than the existing island and when the new land is connected to the existing island.

When reclaiming large areas adjacent to existing land, the potential of flooding increases due to the large surface area. As a result, the drainage pattern and volumes will increase significantly. If the additional land is higher than the existing land and if there are no flood mitigation measures, then the risk is even greater. Therefore, flood mitigation measures must be in place.

11.5.1.1 Mitigation measures

In order to avoid the risk of flooding, a number of methods can be used. These are outlined below.  A temporary drain to be constructed at the interface between the existing island and the proposed reclamation area to drain off the water in to the lagoon. This method has been proved to be successful when new reclaimed areas are filled higher than the existing island.  Leveling the new reclaimed land towards the seaward side. This will ensure that water flows away from the existing islands and towards the sea, allowing discharge of water in the lagoon.  Construction of engineered storm water drainage system should be considered as a proper long term solution to flood control and mitigation. 1 1 . 5 . 2 Changes in tidal currents

Coastal reclamation changes the form and shape of the existing coast line. Such changes will affect coastal processes by interfering with the natural flow of littoral drifts and tidal currents. The seaward protrusion of the reclamation area will result in a groyne like effect on the coastline when reclamation is done only on a certain area. Sediments that are usually carried by the littoral currents will be deposited on the up drift side of the reclamation area. On the down drift side, the coastline will erode as the littoral currents start to pick up sediments again. In Huraa, the entire east side will be extended, resulting in the redirection of a large volume of water towards the inner atoll lagoon from both north and south sides of the island. Thus, this will change the tidal current patterns which is affected by changes in the area and shape of the shoreline.

This is especially the case in lagoons and island environments in Maldives. Reclamation of lagoons reduces the volume of water exchanged due to tidal effects and can cause closure of outlets that are maintained by this tidal flux. Changes in tidal currents in narrow passages will effect navigation, water quality, and erosion and sediment patterns in adjacent areas. Hence, the project will increase the flow velocity of water along the south and north tip of the island.

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11.5.2.1 Mitigation measures

There is limited options to avoid the impact of changes in the current pattern. Hence, adequate coastal protection measures must be undertaken to avoid erosion in the reclaimed land as well as adjacent areas. It has been proposed to construct revetments along the newly reclaimed land, especially on the south and north sides. 1 1 . 5 . 3 Secondary erosion

Due to the change in current patterns, the islands on the south and north of Huraa will experience greater degree of erosion. Erosion will be more prominent on the eastern sides of these islands and their tips closest to Huraa Island. As a result, the beaches on these areas is likely to be affected and experience greater degree of erosion.

The coastline along the narrow passages will also experience greater impacts and thus, coastal protection in these areas need to be maintained and managed in a more holistic manner.

11.5.3.1 Mitigation measures

There is limited options to avoid this secondary option. Nevertheless, there are some potential protection measures that can be undertaken to combat this and they are as follows.  Deepening the channel between the islands and Huraa. This will reduce the water velocity and thus reduce the velocity of currents.  Provide coastal protection to the beaches. The type and method to be determined only after monitoring the changes.

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11.6 Environmental and social Impacts and t h e i r mitigation measures Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation measures Cost of Mitigation Construction stage Energy generation Energy for construction (filling and coastal protection Energy generation will be controlled and works). monitored. Contractors will be required to use Use of energy for construction activities has an indirect the power from the island grid to avoid negative impact on the environment through separate generator sets, which will increase consumption of fuel. emission of green-house gases as much as possible and in practical situations where it can be used. Impact of the During the construction stage, the large number of Fishing from the house reef of the project site temporary workforce workforce and their behavior could have significant will be banned during the construction stage. impact on the environment. The contractor and all construction staff will been informed of this. Due to the fragile It is not expected that any damage would be caused by nature of the coral reef, walking on corals workers fishing or walking on the lagoon, as the while swimming and working in the lagoon environment does not encourage such behavior. environment will also banned. This preventative measure will also be informed to Improper and indiscriminately dumping solid waste to all staff. In Huraa island, live corals are in the reclamation area, especially the marine environment deep areas away from the fill area, and hence can impact the marine environment, such as throwing damage to corals in this way is very ulikely. garbage, plastics etc. Appropriate signs will be placed to keep the site clean. Fines and discharges for not obeying the environment protection rules. Workers will be briefed about proper disposal of litter and avoid damaging the surrounding environment.

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Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation measures Cost of Mitigation Noise and air Noise impacts will be localized. Noise is not expected to be a concern due to No cost pollution the intermittent nature of noise sources such as dredger (during filling process), excavators and other construction heavy vehicles. However construction workers, who are prone to high noise levels such as machinery operators, will be provided with proper personal protection equipment’s (PPE) such as ear muffs. Reclamation of the Sedimentation The following mitigations measures are Cost to be lagoon Reclamation of the lagoon will permanently alter the proposed included in the seabed and disperse sediment plumes to the coral reef 1. Filling shall be undertaken by creating a contract areas. This is an inevitable result of reclamation sand bund around the reclamation area to document. activities. Corals can tolerate sedimentation to a certain reduce sedimentation impact. These can be Contractor to extent. However, coral growth and recruitment will be sand bags or sand and will only be removed follow the affected in the moderate term. Prolonged exposure will once the works are completed. This activity mitigation eventually lead to death of the corals. The impacts of will be undertaken during calm weather at low measures, excessive sedimentation on corals include; tides. including bund • Direct physical impacts like smothering of corals and 2. Proper timing of reclamation works, most wall and silt other benthic organisms, importantly the filling to be carried during curtain. • Reduced light penetration reducing the productivity low tide. and growth, calcification and reproduction rates of 3.Limiting the fill area to exactly what is corals. proposed. • Formation of false bottoms characterized by shifting of sediments. • Eutrophication due to increased fine sediments leading to algal blooms. • Formation of anoxic (black) bottoms under the fine sediments. Reclamation of the Changes to the hydrodynamic regime. When areas of the There are not many options that can be Cost of coastal lagoon lagoon, whether connected to an existing island or undertaken to reverse this as reclamation and protection

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Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation measures Cost of Mitigation detached are reclaimed, there will be a huge impact on its effects on hydrodynamic regime. However measures (25% near-shore current and wave patterns, as well as bottom the following mitigation measures will help revetment) is hydrodynamics. This can lead to. and will be undertaken. proposed in this • Erosion and loss of vegetation at the low energy areas Undertake coastal protection of fill area using project and hence during either monsoons. revetments to absorb the wave energy as well mitigation cost is • Sedimentation and turbidity resulting in poor water as reduce erosion. included. This quality which negatively impacts vitality of marine Revetments are proposed only on 75% of the mitigation cost is organisms. reclaimed area. Hence, the entire reclaimed reflected as the • Alteration of bottom substrate topography. land will not be protected. cost for coastal • Degradation of sea water quality due to turbidity. Revetment will prevent erosion and reduce the protection. • Continual re-suspension of dredged sediments leading percentage of suspended fines in the water to sedimentation and formation of dredge silts. column. • Degradation of sea water quality due to alteration to littoral sediment transport regime causing turbidity. • Alteration of current patterns on the leeward side leading to changes to existing island. Reclamation of the Habitat loss 1. Only fill the required area in order to limit No cost. lagoon Filling of the reclamation area will lead to direct loss of the direct impact foot print. Mitigation habitat for corals and marine organisms in the fill area. 2. When sand bunds are created, the bund measures are The habitat will be modified permanently. should be created inside the reclamation area procedural in as it will be destroyed anyway. nature. Habitats such as sea grass and live corals in the fill area 3. Designate one location to load and unload will be totally destroyed. In Huraa island, the sea grass goods, materials and machinery rather than beds will be completely destroyed. using a large area. 4. Undertaking coastal protection works in the Direct habitat loss to corals is very small as the most critical areas to avoid sediment loss from percentage of live corals in the fill area is low, but the erosion that will impact a large area. loss to seagrass will be immense.

Indirect impacts to live corals along the eastern side will be moderate to high due to sedimentation.

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Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation measures Cost of Mitigation Reclamation and Deterioration of marine environment and water quality 1. Providing bund wall before filling takes associated works. Transportation of equipment, heavy machinery, people place. and fill material for the site and materials all require 2. Undertake work in low tide hours. transportation processes which increases the following 3. Avoid work during bad weather. risks; 4. Educate the workers and create awareness • Accidental spillage of construction materials. about good waste management and • Accidental oil and other chemical spills, including oil responsible behavior with regard to leaks from vehicles etc. environmental care. • Accidental grounding of large vessels on the reef and lagoon.In addition, Pollution of the lagoon and reef system can be caused by waterborne and windblown debris escaping from the construction as well as accidental oil/chemical spills.

Waste and residue arising from the project activities can also affect the marine environment. These can include hazardous waste such as used filters, empty luboil cans and oil filters as well as various solid waste arising from humans and construction activities. No major solid waste is expected to be generated from the reclamation work. Re-suspension of fine sediments and dispersal of sediments induced by erosion can lead to turbidity and deterioration of water quality in the immediate vicinity of the project site. Reclamation of the Material Handling 1. Fuel will be handled with care at all times lagoon Materials such as fuel for dredger, excavators, barges 2. No waste fuel will be disposed into the and trucks have the potential to damage to the marine marine environment. environment. Since fuelling is required for the 3. Designate a separate area for fueling. machinery, spillage would be a possibility. Therefore, 4. Fuel handling area will be kept free from appropriate care has to be taken in handling fuel. Fueling spills and every effort must be made to minimize spills.

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Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation measures Cost of Mitigation will be required during fill process for excavators, 5. Fuel handling area to have a hard loaders and other machinery. impervious floor surface. 6. All fuel storage and fueling to be undertaken in the same location. 7. Designate a separate person to manage fueling and refueling as well as maintain the fueling area to ensure that unnecessary spillages do not take place. Reclamation of the Storm water drainage and coastal flooding The reclamation area will be filled slightly Contractor to lagoon Reclamation of land will increase the risk of storm water higher than the existing island of Huraa. level the island to flooding to adjacent land / lagoon. 2 meters from A temporary drain to be constructed at the mean sea level. interface between the existing island and the proposed reclamation area to drain off the water in to the lagoon. This method has been proved to be successful when new reclaimed areas are filled higher than the existing island.

Permanent hard engineered draining system should be in place as a permanent flood control measure. Waste management Impact of solid waste This can be detrimental to the Work force will be provided with RO or rain marine and the terrestrial environment if they are not water for drinking thereby reducing the need managed properly. Solid waste generated during the for mineral water and hence reducing the construction stage will include organic, inorganic and impact of plastic bottles and their hazardous materials and all of which require adequate management and disposal. Furthermore, disposal. workforce will be based in Huraa island and therefore waste generation at construction site will be minimal. All garbage or domestic wastes generated on site will be transported to Huraa waste disposal site.

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Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation measures Cost of Mitigation Site mobilization Majority of the impacts will be felt through mobilization 1. If additional machinery is to be mobilized, No cost, but the works mobilize only the required materials. contractor will be Land clearing will not be required and there will not be 2. Only required workforce and machinery to required to any need for the construction of large-scale temporary be mobilized on the island. follow proper structures. However, temporary fuel storage and other 3. Designate one location to store fuel, protocols. facilities for site workers will be constructed. machinery and other construction related Dredging is proposed from the deep sea and so a large materials that is approved by the Island chunk of mobilization works within the island will not Council. be necessary in the island. Changes in tidal Reclamation of lagoons reduces the volume of water 1. Provision of coastal protection measures. US$ 3000 to currents exchanged due to tidal effects and can cause closure of 2. Deepening of the channel. 4000 per annum outlets that are maintained by this tidal flux. Changes in 3. Regular environmental monitoring for tidal currents in narrow passages will effect navigation, coastal erosion. water quality, and erosion and sediment patterns in adjacent areas. Flooding due to Reclamation of land will increase the risk of storm water 1. Provision of temporary and permanent changes in drainage flooding to the adjacent land / lagoon due to the changes drainage. patterns height. Thus, flooding is a potential hazard. 2. Construction of hard engineering drainage to divert flood water away from existing island. 3.Leveling the reclamained land so that water is directed to the lagoon, away from the island.

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Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation measures Cost of Mitigation Erosion of the Erosion of the coastline along the narrow pass as well as 1. Deepening the channel. Approximately coastline, and the two the eastern side of Four Seasons Kuda Huraa and Club 2. Provision of coastal protection along the US$ 10000 per resorts on the north Med Kanifinolhu resulting from the increased tidal coastline and the beaches in these islands. annum for and south of Huraa. current along the narrow pass between these islands and 3. Environmental monitoring of erosion in monitoring Huraa. these islands. works.

Operational stage Disruption of the Due to the dredging activities, there will be destruction 1. Contractor and Council to work closely No cost and transport activities of the regular ferries and movement of people and boats with Four Seasons Kuda Huraa involves between Kuda Hura between Huraa and Four Seasons Kuda Hura. management to ensure that the boat operational and Huraa Island movements are not disrupted and affected. changes and 2. Ensure that the pipeline is laid away from method the channel on the south as much as adoptions. possible.

Socio-economic More housing units will be open for the residence in impacts. Malé especially at an affordable rate because the Greater opportunity project’s primary objective is to find a solution for the for Huraa residents. congestion issue in Malé. The reclamation project will simulate the development of Huraa thereby attracting those residents living in Male’ to migrate. In addition, people from other islands will also consider moving and definitely this will be a huge positive drive for them as well.

Increase tourism Demand for Guest house and City Hotels are increasing development in the at a faster speed around Malé region and along with island. restaurants, souvenir shops, dive centres, safari boats and yachts are increasing. As a result, Huraa is a potential

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Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation measures Cost of Mitigation centre where the guest house market could further flourish. The proposed reclamation project would facilitate the allocation of additional land for tourism related development at the island.

Already the island has 169 guest rooms and more are under development. More space will definitely increase the island’s bed capacity.

More employment Guest Houses and city hotels have created employment opportunities for opportunities for women. Increasing guest houses and women related business in tourism has created employment opportunities for women. This a positive impact to the society. Women can stay with the family, raise kids and at the same time contribute to the economic development and earn income at the same time.

Development of the This project will create job opportunities directly and construction industry indirectly starting from the planning stage, construction stage. The reclamation project will create a huge demand for the construction industry as new houses, buildings and other infrastructure development projects commences. This will create an environment where the demand for construction is high resulting in participation of youths in the development of the island economy.

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Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation measures Cost of Mitigation Opportunities for Reclamation will add additional land area to Huraa and foreign investments this will attract foreign investments such as shops, modern road networks, International and local construction companies, Mega Infrastructure projects, high speed ferries between Malé and Huraa and more investments in different sectors. Creates employment opportunities directly or indirectly and contributes a bigger percentage to the economy if the implementation goes in a well planned process

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11.7 Characterization of Impacts on the Environment and their mitigation measures

The following table outlines the matrix of specific impacts and their characterizations. Table 10: Matrix of specific impacts and their characterization

Impact indicator

Impact Impact type (NEG or POS) + Significant (H/M/L)* Direct Indirect Maginitude (N/M/MA/MoA/MaA) Short term # Long term Unavoidable Reversible Irreversible Cumulative Required Mitigation

Environmental impacts during construction phase Loss of flora (only from the proposed new roads) Neg M x MoA x x x x x Transportation and Storage of Construction Materials Neg L x N x x x x Management of Construction Debris / green waste Neg L x N x x x x Ground Water pollution Neg L x M x x x Injuries and accidents Neg L x M x x x x Poor quality work Neg M x M x x x x Increase income to the contractors POS H x x x x x

Environmental impacts during operational phase

Location of pump stations Neg H x N ------Noise Neg L x N x x x Energy Consumption Neg H x M x x x x Air Quality Neg L x N x x x x Groundwater (Bacteriological) POS H x MA x x Groundwater (Salinity) Neg L x N x x Broader environment Neg L x M x x x x Marine Resource Neg L X M X X X X

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Impact indicator

Impact Impact type (NEG or POS) + Significant (H/M/L)* Direct Indirect Maginitude (N/M/MA/MoA/MaA) Short term # Long term Unavoidable Reversible Irreversible Cumulative Required Mitigation Solid waste / green waste Neg H x N x x x Risk of flooding Neg M x x MoA x x x x x Changes in current patterns Neg M x x MoA x x x x x Secondary erosion Neg M x x MoA x x x x x Economic impacts Improve environment quality of the island (sanitation) POS H x x x x x x Indirect financial savings POS H x x x x x x Increase the value of the island and community POS H x x x x x x Propagation and development of complimentary businesses POS H x x x x x x + POS = positive impacts, NEG= negative impacts * H=high, M=Moderate, L=Low # N=Negligible, M=Minor, MA=Minor Adverse; MoA= Moderate adverse; MaA=Major Adverse

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12 Stakeholder Consultations 12.1 Consultation with MHI, Huraa Island Council and EPA

As part of the EIA consultation process, Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure, Huraa Island Council and EPA was consulted. Meeting was held at Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure Office on 28th August 2018 at 1pm. Following are the summary of discussion points. During the meeting, the plan was to reclaim 25 hectares.  EPA was informed about the reclamation layout, particularly the western side of the wetland.  EPA’s main concerning issue was to protect the drainage connection of the open sea and the wetland. If these openings are left intact, then EPA does not have any issues.  EPA stressed the importance of protecting this opening through the provision of coastal protection which would avoid the channel from filling. This is an important aspect of the project in order to protect the wetland.  Huraa Council indicated that rocks from the existing revetments and groynes could be removed before filling and used as revetments for the reclamation area as coastal protection. Hence, the rock boulders which is present in the south-east corner of the Island can be used to protect the land reclaimed on north-west side.  EIA consultant noted that north-west side is proposed in a way to give the island a natural shape.  EPA noted that they approve the concept, however the channel towards the mouth of the mangrove should not be closed.  EPA noted that MHI should consult with MTCC to find the best options for reclaiming north-west side of the island.  EPA also noted that before reclaiming, revetment should be built so that sediment and sand will not fill the mangrove area. 12.2 Consultation with MHI and Huraa Island Council

As part of the EIA consultation process, Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure and Huraa Island Council was consulted together to resolve any differences and clarifications. The meeting was held at Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure Office on 28th August 2018 at 10am. Following are the summary of discussion points. During the meeting, the plan was to reclaim 25 hectares.  The Island council noted that revetment should be constructed on reclaimed land between Bodu Huraa and Kuda Huraa.  Island council also noted that an EIA has been prepared to dredge the excess sand from the mangrove, however project has not started yet.  MHI noted that reclamation of the north-west side, west of mangrove area will be finalized after consultation with EPA  EIA consultants noted that the shape of the reclaimed area will be more natural if reclamation boundary begins from the north tip of the island. However, due to the restrictions of the existing hotel, this cannot be implemented in this manner.  However, the island council noted that they have an agreement between Pearl Sand Guesthouse and it is their responsibility to safeguard the property and do not wish to violate that agreement.  The council highlighted that they would like to make beaches on north and south side of the reclaimed land on the eastern side. These beaches will be designated for locals and guest houses.

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 The island council indicated that the reclaimed land should not be less than 25 hectares, and within the boundary of Bodu Huraa 25 hectares can be reclaimed without any difficulty,  MHI highlighted that 80% of the reclaimed land will be protected by rock boulders,  According to Island council the land of Huraa is converged towards mangrove so flooding is not an issue and have never experienced flooding in the past. All the flood water is directed towards the wetland and the island has never experienced flooding due to this unique geography.  The island Council indicated that about 100 coconut trees will be relocated from land where new house plots have been given.  It was found that a sewage outfall is constructed on the eastern side of the island. The Island Council is concerned and would like to make sure that no harm to the outfall will occur during reclamation period.  Island Council also noted that they will change the STP and waste management area after reclamation to a more appropriate area close to the coastal area. 12.3 Consultation with Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure (MHI)

As part of the EIA consultation process, Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure was consulted. Meeting was held at Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure Office on 27th August 2018 at 10am. Following are the summary of discussion points. During the meeting, the project was planned to reclaim 25 hectares. However, consultations were made with MHI throughout the project.  It was found that there is some disagreement between Huraa Island Council and MHI regarding the total area of reclamation proposed as well as the shape and extent of the reclamation boundary.  This City hotel is now operational and extending the reclamation to include this beach means violating the agreement between the Island Council and the lease holder of the land. Therefore, the Island council does not want to reclaim the northern tip as this would violate the agreement. This city hotel /guest also employees many locals and provides employment for many others including the youth. Any destruction of this beach and the boundary will bring the operation of this property to a halt and have dire financial consequences.  Nevertheless, MHI informed that that, it is the only way to reclaim 25 ha of land area in Huraa, or else reclamation should be split in to two sections, one on the east and one on the west side.  MHI noted that one of the alternative is to extend the reclaim area towards the east side. However it is a risky option due to the proximity to reef edge and surf zone. During storms and bad weather, flooding and wave overtopping is a highly probable risk and for this reason, reclaiming too close to the reef crest and wave breaking zone is not advisable.  MHI highlighted that they would prefer to keep a 200m distance between reef edge and the reclaimed boundary. However, this will not be possible if 25 hectares is to be reclaimed.  MHI noted that they tried to have further consultations with MEE upon the change made to the project scope but MEE officials were not available for a meeting during that time. Meeting minutes from the consultation meeting between MHI and major stakeholder are included in the annex for reference, and to clarify any inconsistencies during the course of the consultation meetings held by the consultants and MHI regarding the scope of the project.

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12.4 Consultation with National Disaster Management Center ( N D M C ) a n d M H I

As part of the EIA consultation process, National Disaster Management Center and MHI was consulted. Meeting was held at NDMC on 14th August 2018 at 10am. Following are the summary of discussion points. During the meeting, the plan was to reclaim 25 hectares.  According to NMDC, K.Hura has a disaster management plan prepared during 2015.  The Community has not raised any concerns to NDMC about flooding or surging.  NDMC noted that multiple islands that underwent reclamation experiences flooding more often than before the reclamation as the reclaimed land is elevated and water flows towards the original island during rainy season. Th.Thimafushi was noted to be an example for this.  A better drainage system needs to be developed in between the natural island and the reclaimed area. A trench to contain the flood water from reclaimed area was suggested to reduce the risks.  Upon sharing the proposed flood mitigation measure, NDC advised to have further consultation with MEE and focus on native plant for a vegetation buffer.  NDMC noted that the existing mangrove is a natural flood mitigation system and the reclamation project should be done in such a way that the mangrove wetland is not damaged. This should include proper mitigation to prevent sedimentation of this area.

12.5 Consultation with the Island Council and Public

As part of the EIA consultation process, Huraa Island council and the public was consulted during the field visit. Meeting was held at Huraa Island Council Office on 07th August 2018 at 1pm. Following are the summary of discussion points. During the scoping meeting, it was planned to reclaim 25 heactares and not 23.  The council noted that initially MHI officially informed of 10 hectares to be reclaimed, later it was changed to 25 hectares during scoping meeting.  Island Council also highlighted that they got an unofficial statement about reclamation of 30 Ha in January 2018.  The Island Council is satisfied with 25 hectares, and wants to make sure that the area will not be reduced during reclamation period.  During the scoping meeting, it was finalized that revetment would be constructed on 75 percent of the total perimeter.  The Island Council would like to construct the revetments on both the south and north side after reclamation, as these two sides experience strong currents.  It was found that a sewage outfall is constructed on the eastern side of the island. The Island Council is concerned and would like to make sure that no harm to the outfall will occur during reclamation period.  Island Council also noted that they will change the STP and waste management area after reclamation as after the project, it will be in the middle of the island.  The council members are concerned about the implementation date of the project and when the reclamation period will start and how long it will take.

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 The Island Council also is not informed about the potential borrow locations and from where the dredging is planned. This was clarified to the Island Council members.  Island Council Members noted that much of the land area has been lost from the eastern side of the island due to erosion.  Island Council would like to start the reclamation from south side of the island, and informed that the SPA island of the Four Seasons Kuda Huraa has been increasing their land area in the name of beach nourishment. The beach of this island also coincides within the boundary of Huraa Island.

12.6 Consultation with the Island Tourism Sector

As part of the EIA consultation process, people involved in the Island Tourism Sector was consulted during the field visit. Following are the summary of discussion points. During the meeting, the plan was to reclaim 25 hectares.  Members have noted that they have not officially been informed of the project.  They have noted that it is a good project for the community as well as island tourism sector.  They also noted that they have previously discussed the council members about the lack of land to build new guest houses in the Island.  It was highlighted that the existing beaches on the eastern side are created on reclaimed areas and large areas of the lagoon have been cleared of sea grass to make swimming spots for guest.  They have no objection against reclamation, if there is space to create new beaches.  In general, there was concern about the duration of the project and members interviewed were keen to know the total duration of the project.

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12.7 Stakeholder meeting with Ministry of Tourism, Club Med Kanifinolhu and Four season Kuda Huraa

As part of the EIA consultation process, Ministry of Tourism, Club Med Kani and Four season Kuda Huraa was consulted. Meeting was held at Ministry of Tourism Office on 29th August 2018 at 10:30 am. Following are the summary of discussion points. During the scoping meeting, it was planned to reclaim 25 hectares.

 Both Club Med and Kuda Hura resort representatives showed that they have strong concerns regarding the project. They were keen to find out the mitigation measures that can be done reduce the impact to the resorts.  Tourism ministry is concerned that Ministry of housing and infrastructure did not attend to the stakeholder meeting. They noted that housing ministry should attend as they are the proponent and reclamation projects like this should not be taken lightly, as large investments are affected by the project.  Representatives from resorts noted that they have not been informed of the scope of the project and it is changing frequently. This is making things very difficult for the resorts.  They also noted that initially it was 10 hectares, changing to 25 hectares is going to affect the whole ecosystem, especially the erosion of Kuda Hura and Club Med Kanifinolhu.  They are also concerned that the current in the channel between Kuda Huraa and Bodu Huraa will significantly increase, which will lead to beach erosion.  Consultants noted that the best way is to monitoring the beaches during and after reclamation and take coastal protection measures, to control erosion.  They are also concerned that no government or private body have concerned their views regarding such a huge project, which will affect the whole area.  They also highlighted that the channel between Kuda Huraa and Bodu Huraa is used as a mooring area for small boats. Due to reclamation, the channel might get shallower and affect the whole resort’s operation as well as reduce the clarity of the water.  The resorts also requested whether it is possible to place some kind of wall or textile of some kind to stop the sediments, as the reclamation area is quite shallow it would be easier to stop the sediments.  Resort representatives highlighted that meetings were held with MHI about a year ago. However, back then, it was 10 hectares. MHI also indicated they would attend all their concerns.  They also noted that they have other environmental problems like coral bleaching. Sediments from the reclamation project will worsen all their environmental problems. Once the ecosystem is gone it cannot be revived.  They also noted that the project is being rushed, it should be taking phase by phase.  Tourism ministry requested whether the reclamation method is final or is it going to be finalized after the EIA.  The EIA consultants noted that even with silt screens, sedimentation will be a problem to these resorts, as they are very close to project area.  Resort representatives are also concerned about the noise that will arise during reclamation, and if the project is finalized why they are meeting to discuss about this issue.  Tourism Ministry noted that Huraa island needs development, however such a project should be done phase by phase and should be monitored very closely.  They also noted that mitigation measures needs to be input before starting the reclamation period.

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 They also highlighted that monitoring should be very strict when it comes to this, even if it is 10 or 25 hectares.  Tourism ministry also noted that these two resorts have likely sold the beds for the next six (6) months and these should be factors to consider before starting this project.  Resort representatives noted that which ministry will review the EIA, whether it is Tourism or EPA and what would happen if the EIA was rejected, and whether the EIA report will be available for them.  They also asked whether EPA has done any other study regarding this project.  Tourism Ministry noted that the contractor need to be met with resorts, and working during high tide should not be done to minimize the impact. 12.8 List of personnel consulted from Huraa Island Table 11: List of personnel consulted Name Title Organization / Address Contact Simla Maahiru - Huraa Health Centre - Fathmath Zaahiru Administrative Huraa Health Centre - officer Ahmed Asif Budget officer Huraa Island Council - Ismail Abdhul Haadhee Director Huraa Island Council - Fathmath Anoosha A. Project officer Huraa Island Council - Fayaz Ibrahim Council vice- Huraa Island Council - president Mohamed Najeef Councilor Huraa Island Council - Thasleema A. Kareem Support staff Huraa Island Council - Aisha Qasim Support staff Huraa Island Council - Abdhulla Haleel S. F. Officer Huraa Island Council - Shumaiyya Naseem Admin Officer Huraa Island Council - Moosa Rilwan A.S. Officer Huraa Island Council - Mariyam Quraisha Support Staff Huraa Island Council - Ihusaan A. Officer Huraa School - Abdhulla Shameedh Owner The Sun Rise Huraa Guest 7777080 house Fahzaan Mushthafa Diving instructor / Beach Heaven Guest 7448622 Water sport house Norbert Finger General Manager Pearl Sand of Maldives 7978883 Guest house

12.9 Consultation with the public

Selected members of the public were consulted during the data collection process to obtain their views and feedback on the proposed system. Following are the summary of major outcomes from these discussions. During the meeting, the plan was to reclaim 25 hectares.

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- Most of the people are not aware of the project, they have highlighted that the council has been giving basic information about the project without much detail as the council is also not aware of the project. - People are in general very concerned about the land shortage in the island. The presence of a protected wetland has made it difficult or limited the land use of the island. - In general, people are positive about reclamation, but most people do not believe that such a project can be implemented as reclamation has been discussed for many years by the government and up to today, no project has been implemented.

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EIA Regulation requires at least two alternatives to be suggested for such projects and therefore two alternatives have been suggested in addition to the no project alternative. These alternatives are discussed below: 13.1 No Project Option The no project option considers the following.  No additional reclamation will be done in Huraa island.

 No additional land will therefore be available for housing and industrial activities.

 Less cost to the proponent.

 No further damage to the coral reef of the island and to the lagoon.

13.2 Alternative analysis matrix

For this project, an alternative analysis was carried out on the basis of various biophysical and socioeconomic parameters including:  Technical feasibility,  Economic viability and  Environmental acceptability of the project and  Social benefits

Based on the above four factors, an alternative analysis matrix was developed with scores given for each factor from 1 to 5. This analysis provides information about the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative considered with regard to its technical, economic and environmental factors. The purpose of this matrix is to obtain a favourable implementation of alternatives proposed by considering alternatives in terms of site selection, design and operational methods, the project scale and timing of project. The total for all factors gives an overall score for a given alternative. The highest total score provides the most desirable and preferred alternatives and vice versa.

The following table outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the no project option.

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Table 12: Advantages and disadvantages of the no project option

Strategy Advantages Disadvantages

No reclamation Environmental damage related the project can be avoided. The island residents will have a very limited space for housing, undertaken. The current state of the environment will remain as it is as no with the present status. No reclamation will prevent housing modification and damage to the environment means no allocation in the island. impacts. Housing issues will get worse and over-crowding of houses will There will not be any project or capital costs burden the continue to get worse. Sub-division of houses will increase, thus proponent, meaning that financially, there will be a short increasing the overcrowding issue. term benefit. Lack of an appropriate land for industrial activities will hamper If no reclamation is undertaken, there will not be any development and limit the potential of local industries and will sedimentation of the reef. Thus, no direct and indirect effects affect development of the island and people. on the coral reef through sedimentation resulting from the dredging and reclamation activities. Local tourism expansion will be hampered as limited land allocation will limit tourism development, namely guest houses. The coral reef around the island is already stressed due to the It will also increase the land value, making it more difficult for various projects that had been undertaken. This includes, ordinary people to invest in local tourism activities. harbour development, beach nourishment and resort development activities within close proximity to the islands. Hence, the already stressed coral reef will get time to grow and recover.

Due to the various activities around the island, large areas of the lagoon have already been impacts and are stressed. Thu, already destroyed areas of the lagoon will get time to recover.

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Strategy Advantages Disadvantages

The sea grass beds will remain intact and likely to spread their geographical area. This will increase their special distribution and potential to protect the eastern side from strong waves will be reduced over time.

No reclamation means that there will not be the risk of increased flow velocity / currents along the tips of the island. Thus, the risk of erosion on the adjacent island is not elevated.

No reclamation means, there will not be an increased risk of erosion in the two resorts, north and south of Huraa. This would be a huge advantage for the resorts.

The following table discusses the various alternatives proposed for this project and their technical, economic, environmental and social factors considered.

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Table 13: Alternative analysis matrix for the project Alternatives Environmentally SN Technical feasibility Economic viability Social benefits proposed acceptable A1 Rock boulders as Highly desirable and technically Expensive and difficult to Imported rock boulders Increase in cost is a revetments for feasible. Very long lasting and source. pose no damage to coral negative factor for the coastal protection. durable with zero maintenance if reefs nor the natural society as the high cost properly placed. Their strength environment of Maldives. will absorb more comes from weight which makes finance that can be them suitable for different sourced to other areas environments as the size is of the project. Hence, adjustable. Their placement is it is not an attractive also easily executable with option when finance is excavators which are available in limited but certainly plenty in Maldives. desirable in all other aspects. A2 Alternative borrow There are no locations within the Borrowing sand from the There is more Unacceptable to the sites from the island’s island’s own reef system that island’s own reef system is environmental damage, community. reef system (refer to contains pockets of sand. Hence, cheaper in comparison to most and sometimes the maps attached in this is not technically feasible. obtaining sand from a permanent and the project remote location using a irreversible damage to the description section). hopper dredger. However, coral reefs. in this project, this is not a practical option.

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Alternatives Environmentally SN Technical feasibility Economic viability Social benefits proposed acceptable A3 Alternative fill areas. The lagoon is large. There are Multiple fill areas as Environmentally the Not relevant. some technical limitations on opposed to a single Filling closer the fill is to coral filling other areas of the lagoon area will increase the cost. reefs, the more damage it but can be achieved. Refer to the will have. Hence, these diagrammes in this section for two are directly more details on this. proportional to each other. A4 Use of cutter suction Not feasible as there is no possible No relevant. Environmentally this Not relevant to the dredger borrow sites in the lagoon. method is very destructive project. and causes irreversible damage to the reef. A5 Beach Nourishment Not feasible as there are no Not feasible there is Further beach Not relevant of the Northern tip to possible borrow sites in the already a significant nourishment would cause achieve a more lagoon, and each nourishments amount of beach in this sedimentation and natural shape to the require a certain grade of material. area and during the period damage to coral reefs. island, after of beach nourishment the consultations with entire area would not be MHI, Huraa council usable. and tourism zone management

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The following image outlines a potential alternative for reclamation.

Figure 18: Alternative 1

The above figure illustrates an alternative location for reclamation in Huraa. Approximately eight (8) hectares of land can be reclaimed from the south-west side of the island, thus reducing the total reclamation area from the east side. However, the Island Council does not want to reclaim this side for now due to recent infrastructure developed on the south-west side of the island.

An alternative coastal protection plan has already been considered for protection of the beaches on the eastern side that will not be protected by a revetment. This alternative is attached as an annex. 13.3 Preferred Alternative

The preferred alternative for this project is to reduce the total area reclaimed on the eastern side and to keep at least 200 meters form the reef edge from the reclamation border 1 3 . 3 . 1 Mitigation Measures for the Preferred Alternative

The following mitigation measures are proposed for the preferred alternative. 1. Ensure that proper bunds are in place when marking the fill boundary. 2. Provision of coastal protection before the actual filling takes place that is to carry out this activity after the sand bund wall is constructed.

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Proper sediment control methods need to be undertaken using practical methods such as timing the dredging activity to coincide with the low tide as well as controlling sediment flow using sand bunds.

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14 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 14.1 Introduction

Environmental monitoring is essential to ensure that potential impacts are minimized and to mitigate unanticipated impacts. Monitoring will be carried out as part of the environmental impact assessment and monitoring requirements addressed in this EIA report. The following table summarizes the aspects of monitoring. 14.2 Cost of Monitoring

The proponent has committed fully for the monitoring programme outlined in this report. The total cost of undertaking the regular monitoring is estimated in the following table. Cost of monitoring includes all data collection and reporting to the client as well as the relevant government agencies. 14.3 Duration of Monitoring

Monitoring will include marine, coastal and social aspects only. The proposed scheduled for monitoring has been prepared for 12 months during the construction period as well as for two (2) years in the operational period. Hence, this schedule will be applicable for monitoring during the two years of the operational stage after the project. Monitoring will be undertaken by subcontracting the work to an independent consultant or a consulting firm. 14.4 Methods of Monitoring

Environmental monitoring will be undertaken using standard methods described in the Methodology section. Monitoring is recommended for marine, coastal and social aspects. 14.5 M o n i t o r i ng Responsibility

Monitoring responsibility will be with the client and financial provisions will be made in the project to undertake the monitoring. 14.6 Monitoring Report

A detailed monitoring report should be compiled after the completion of the civil works. During the construction period, summary monitoring reports must be provided every two months and final report should be provided at the end of the construction stage and should adhere to EIA Regulations, 2012. During the operational stage, regular monitoring reports should be provided once every three months. This report will be submitted to the relevant government agencies for compliance. The report will include details of the site, data collection and analysis, quality control measures, sampling frequency and monitoring analysis and details of methodologies and protocols followed.

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Figure 19: Schedule for environmental monitoring during the construction period as well as per annum during operation period. Monitoring Attribute Indicator Methodology Monitoring Frequency Cost during Cost Per annum (construction (operational phase) phase). Construction Operational stage stage Marine environment Marine water quality at Physical Onsite or Lab analysis Every two Twice annually $600.00 $200.00 survey sites M4 and appearance, months during M5. turbidity and period. Suspended Solids Live Coral cover at Percentage Qualitative & - Annually $5,500.00 survey sites live cover Quantitative M4 and M5. Diversity and Number / Qualitative & - Annually $2,500.00 abundance of fish percentage of Quantitative communities at sites selected fish M4 and M5. Siltation Sediment Qualitative & Every other Four times No cost. $2,000.00 deposited on Quantitative day during annually Contractor to reef substrate work. undertake this. Coastal Environment Flow velocity Nearshore Drogue on the southern Every three Every three $600.00 $400.00 currents side and north side of the months months island. Sand transport Shore line Using DGPS No need Once after - $550.00 mapping completion Sand transport Erosion Physical inspection and No need Annually - $550.00 shoreline mapping.

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Monitoring Attribute Indicator Methodology Monitoring Frequency Cost during Cost Per annum (construction (operational phase) phase). Construction Operational stage stage

Erosion in Kuda Huraa Erosion Using aerial photos and Monthly Every three $600.00 $400.00 island and Club Med DGPS survey months Kanifinolhu Social Environment

Public consultation Feedback on Interviews/Questionnaire - Six monthly $200.00 with Kuda Huraa erosion of the management northern side of Kuda Huraa Public consultation Feedback Interviews/Questionnaire - Annually $200.00

Stake holder Feedback Interviews/questionnaire - Annually $200.00 consultation Proponent consultation Feedback Interviews/questionnaire - Annually $200.00

Number of new houses Number of Council records Annually $200.00 developed or allocated houses in the reclaimed area Number of industrial Number of Council records Annually $200.00 establishments plots established in the newly reclaimed land

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Monitoring Attribute Indicator Methodology Monitoring Frequency Cost during Cost Per annum (construction (operational phase) phase). Construction Operational stage stage Number of new guest houses developed in the newly reclaimed land Average population Heads per Council records Annually $200.00 density per heactare house

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15 Conclusion

This EIA report has identified the main impacts of the proposed reclamation works. It has been assessed that the project will have a lot of negative impacts on marine environment and several positive social impacts. Environmental impacts appear to be major.

Land reclamation has been carried out for many years in Maldives and is expected to be on the upward trend throughout the country. The success of such projects depends on sound engineering practices and adequate attention to potential environmental impacts. Engineering considerations for the planning and design of coastal reclamation projects include proper layout planning, coastal protection against erosion and the reclamation height among others. Mostly reclamation projects have impacts arising from both dredging and reclamation works. In this project, there will only be a reclamation component as sand is proposed to be sourced from outside the island system. Nevertheless, the significance of the impacts are quite high, in terms of damage and destruction to the marine environment, mostly on the eastern side. The reclamation will impact the nearby islands, most importantly Four Seasons at Kuda Huraa which is separated by a narrow channel approximately 60 metres apart and Club Med at Kanifinolhu located on the north of Huraa island. Hence, it has been recommended that these two resorts be made aware of the project and the environmental consequences in order for them to be better prepared to manage the potential issues likely to arise.

The main factors to justify this project is lack of space in the island of Huraa. Huraa Island is presently one of the fastest growing islands in the country due to the rapid expansion of the guest house business in the islands. It is also an island strategically located within close proximity to multiple resorts in north Male’ Atoll. As such, the residents of the island have limited capacity to expand their economic activity, let alone the need to fulfil the housing requirements. Many of the island’s development activities are tied with availability of land. Once the reclamation is finished, an additional 23 heactares of land increase will stimulate the development of the island and open new opportunities in many areas such as better housing, industrial activities and social development among others. The increase in land area is expected to be developed in to a combination of housing and industrial and recreational uses, majority of which will be developed for housing.

Most people of Huraa are not fully aware of the project, but yet they are positive as the land shortages in the island is exacerbated due to the presence of a protected wetland. Many of the guest house operators are also positive about the project, despite knowing that the guest house business will be affected. Guest house operators highlighted the fact that during the reclamation, the eastern side of the island would be restricted and beaches allocated for guests would be unusable. Nevertheless, they are positive about the project and did not show resentment.

The project will cause negative environmental and socio-economic impacts on the two resorts, most importantly to Four Seasons Kuda Huraa. Hence, proper communication must be in place to manage the guest complains from the project and ensure that the management of the resort and the Huraa community are well aware of the consequences of the project and that no conflicts arise. Good communication is essential to achieve this as well as to manage conflicts when it arises.

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From a socio-economic and developmental point of view, although it appears justified to carry out the proposed reclamation for the benefit of the island community of Huraa, there are also a number of concerning issues with respect to this project.

Both Four Seasons Kuda Huraa and Clulb Med Kanifinolhu resorts and the Ministry of Tourism are very concerned about the project as being in close proximity to the project site, they have not been adequately informed about the project. The resorts are also concerned that no government or private body have concerned their views regarding such a huge project, which will affect the whole area. Representatives from the two resorts mentioned that they do not know what is happening, and the scope of the project is changing every day. This is making things very difficult for the resorts. Initially, the resorts were informed that only 10 hectares would be reclaimed and thus changing to 23 hectares is going to affect the whole ecosystem, especially the erosion of Kuda Hura and Club Med Kanifinolhu would be aggravated. The resorts are also concerned that the current in the channel between Kuda Huraa and Bodu Huraa will significantly increase, which will lead to beach erosion. MOT noted that Huraa island needs development, however such a project should be done phase by phase and should be monitored very closely.

Based on the various stakeholder consultations with concerned agencies, the assessment reveals lack of communication and coordination between the government agencies, most importantly lack of communication and project information has been shared with Ministry of Tourism. The assessment also reveals that strategic consultations with the concerned stakeholders have not been adequately made before finalizing this project. As environmental consultants, we are of the opinion that although this is an important project for the community, the relevant stakeholders to be consulted in a more robust manner rather than rushing to initiate with the project implementation.

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16 Recommendations

Following are some of the recommendations based on this EIA assessment. These recommendations cover both environmental and the social aspects. Recommendation:

 The detail designing of the revetment and other coastal protection structures should be designed by the contractor. The contractor shall submit the detail designs of the revetments and other coastal structures to EPA which should be approved by Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure before commencement of the project. The contractor shall be designing the coastal protection structures based on the design specification provided by Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure. The design specification would be based on the recommendation of the EIA.

 Controlling sediments during dredging; The contractor needs to control the sediment plume around the dredger during the dredging work. The sediment plume shall not impact inhabited islands, resorts and diving sites during the dredging activity. The dredging plume shall not be visible more than 2 km radius of the dredger. The turbidity inside 1 km radius of the dredger shall not exceed 100% of the background turbidity level. Monitoring station need to be established by the contractor to monitor the turbidity level around the dredger and report to EPA as outlined in the EIA report.

 Controlling sedimentation during reclamation: The contractor needs to control the sedimentation as such that it has the least impacts on the coral reef areas around the island. The initial step is to create sand bund walls and filling in section. The excess water should be released periodically from these areas.

 Environmental monitoring is essential to ensure that potential impacts are minimized and to mitigate unanticipated impacts. It is recommended that environmental monitoring to be carried by the contractor during the dredging and reclamation phase to monitor the impact of sedimentation at the dredging location and reclamation site. The monitoring programme need to be implemented by the contractor during the implementation of the coastal protection works. It is recommended that this activity would be carried out as per the proponent’s committed for this development.

 Aerial photos and satellite photos could be used to monitor the progress of reclamation project in Huraa island. Hence it is recommended to obtain satellite photos on a weekly basis to monitor the progress of the reclamation at the project site.

 It is recommended that Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure to undertake the environmental supervision during the implementation of the project as to ensure the project is implemented as outlined in the EIA report. The Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure or its consultant needs to provide necessary technical advice and guidance to the design of the project and undertake supervision and environmental monitoring during the implementation of the project.

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 The contractor shall establish a geodetic control network at Huraa before any work is carried out at the island. The primary need to establish a geodetic control network is to provide accurate and reliable 3D reference coordinates (Easting, Northing and Height) for the project, and also to determine relationship with the global mathematical reference frame for GPS or WGS84 coordinates. A single coordinate system shall be selected for the project and used for all aspects of the project, including for boundary demarcation, as- built surveys, topographic survey, hydrographic surveys, engineering surveys and etc. As reclamation progresses, the control network shall be expanded in to the newly reclaimed land with high precision (it is recommended to maintain a minimum precision 5 mm +1 ppm horizontally and 10 mm+1 ppm vertically) and maintaining high redundancy. The establishment of the control network and undertake any survey work shall be carried by registered surveyors at Maldives Land and Survey Authority.

 The sewer outfall which is located on eastern side of island need to be protected as such it is not damaged during the reclamation phase of the project. Island Council is committed to protect the sewer outfall which is laid on eastern side of the island. The client should also inform the contractor of the location of the sewer outfall.

 During the filling works, the pathway of the sewer outfall needs to be marked in order to make sure that it can be identified after reclamation. After the reclamation is over, the land use planning of the island must ensure that this pathway falls on to a street as otherwise, any future repair and maintenance would be very difficult.

 Before the reclamation, the Island Council must ensure that the existing sewer outfall has not been damaged at any point along its length to ensure that sewage disposal after the filling work is completed remains smooth. If any repairs to the sewer outfall has been done, then it should be double checked and verified to make sure that no sewer leaks to the lagoon.

 The Council must work together with the guest house operators to inform all guests in the island and those visiting about the project and make arrangements for them to use alternative recreational facilities while the project work is ongoing. This will reduce complains by guests as well as help to maintain a steady flow of tourists to the island.

 During the project work, snorkeling in the house reef of Huraa, especially on the west side should be avoided as a safety precaution. During the filling works, sedimentation will be very high in the vicinity of the island and around the reef. Poor visibility in the coral reef areas is a safety factor that must be taken seriously by everyone as it can lead to avoidable accidents.

 No construction activities should be undertaken within a 50 metre boundary from the protected area. This includes, storage of materials, pipe lines, stockpiling of materials etc.

 The pipeline for the fill area should not be laid through the protected area. It should be directed as much as possible away from the residential areas. A recommended layout is provide in the report.

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 It is highly recommended to construction the revetment before filling takes place in order to reduce the amount of sand loss as well as control water turbidity.

 The contractor should inform the resorts, Four Seasons at Kuda Huraa and Club Med at Kanifinolhu island and also other resorts in North Male’ Atoll, about the movement and scheduling of the dredger in order to ensure that resorts in the vicinity are informed well ahead. This will help them to schedule their diving, snorkeling and excursions away from the dredgers work zone, especially during the dredging and transitional period. Resorts on the eastern rim of north Male’ atoll close to Huraa will be the most critical especially when the dredger is working such as during dredging and while transiting to discharge. It is therefore crucial to inform these resorts, dive operators as well as safari operators through Ministry of Tourism with adequate lead time.

 Flood mitigation measures should be implemented as follows: o Temporary flood mitigation: As the new fill area will be higher than the existing island, a temporary flood control measure in the form of a ditch along the boundary of the existing island. This will direct flood water from the new fill area away from the existing island until a permanent measure is taken. o Permanent flood mitigation measures: An engineered flood mitigation measure is required to be constructed as permanent solution for flood mitigation.

 The contractor, the resort management and the island council to liaise more closely and to communicate each other regarding dredger movement and pumping sequence to ensure that the resorts can take precautionary measures and inform their guests to avoid certain water based activities with adequate time.

 The contractor should inform the resorts nearby about the dredger movement and provide a construction schedule.

 During the dredging stage, turbidity in the borrow area will increase significantly and the sediment plumes will spread to a greater area which covers multiple dive sites in the region. These dive sites are frequently used by the resorts and safari operators and thus, their safety is of utmost important. Hence, As the dredging is planned in north Male’ Atoll in close proximity to these dive sites with lot of diving activities, the contractor shall make a public announcement on the news media regarding the movement of dredger, dredging activities in order to ensure that all diving activities and operators are made aware of the work schedule.

 The contractor shall fence the boundary of the wetland during the pumping process as the proposed pipeline passes through the existing road. Any sediment leaks from pipe breakdowns must be contained within the road and avoid sediment flow in to the wet land.

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17 People who have assisted in the preperation of this report

EIA People who registration Signature assisted in number Page Chapter data (only for number collection and those report writing registered consultants)

Introduction 20 Abdul Aleem

Project 33 Abdul Aleem Description

Abdul Aleem

Hasan Shah EIA P02/2007

Project Setting 22 Ahmed EIA P07/07 (Legislative Jameel section)

Existing 49 Abdul Aleem Environment

Abdulla Fazeel

Hasan Shah EIA P02/2007

Impact and 63 Abdul Aleem Mitigation

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EIA People who registration Signature assisted in number Page Chapter data (only for number collection and those report writing registered consultants)

Ahmed EIA P07/07 Jameel

Stakeholder 81 Abdul Aleem Consultations

Nashfa Nashid

Mohamed EIA Umaru T02/2017

Monitoring 95 Abdul Aleem

Recommendations 101 Abdul Aleem and conclusion

Hassan Shah EIA P02/2007

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18 Acknowledgements

Various people have assisted the consulting team in preparing this report, name and their designations are listed below. CV’s of the field assistants are attached as an annex. Water Solutions would like to thank their support and assistance provided in completion of this report. 1- Abdul Aleem, BSc, MPH – Mapping and GIS 2- Ahmed Jameel, B. Eng (Environmental), MSc – Environmental (EIA- P07/07) 3- Hamdhulla Shakeeb, - Surveyor. 4- Mohamed Umaru, Junior Environmental Consultant 5- Huraa Island Council 6- Water Solutions staff

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19 Reference Books and Sources

Blue Peace,. (2017, August 23). Conservation and Management of Maldivian Mangrove Habitats – Baseline Study. Retrieved from Conserving Mangroves through the Development of an Informative Website and Community Advocacy: http://www.bluepeacemaldives.org/mangroves/

Department of National Planning. (2009). Statistical Year Book. Male: DNP.

EPA. (2015). DESIGN CRITERIA AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONVENTIONAL GRAVITY SEWERAGE SYTEMS. Male', Republic of Maldives: Environmental Protection Agency.

Falkland, T. (2000). Report on Groundwater Investigations, . Male': Ministry of Atolls Administration.

Hoepner, T. (1999). A Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Seawater Desalination Plants. Desalination, vol.124, pp. 1-12.

Jameel, A. (2007). Developing a Disaster Profile for Maldives, A thesis for the Masters Degree. Chirstchurch, New Zealand: University of Cantebury.

Kargeorgos, P., Latos, M., Kotsifaki, C., & Lazaridis, M. (2010). Treatment of unpleasant odors in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Water Science and Technology, , 2635-2644.

Ministry of Planning and National Development. (2006). Analytical Report of Population and Housing Census. Male': Ministry of Planning and National Development.

Sand Cays. (2017). EIA For the Proposed Sewage Outfall and Minor Coastal Modifications in Huraa Island, North Male' Atoll. Male: Sand Cays.

UNEP, M. o. (n.d.). State of the Environment Report . Maldives: UNEP2002.

Water Solutions Pvt Ltd. (2006). EIA for the development of Sewerage system in Nilandhoo Faafu Atoll. Male': Water Solutions Pvt Ltd.

Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd. (2006). EIA for the development of a resort in Kalhufahalafushi in Thaa Atoll. Male': Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd.

Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd. (2012). EIA of Harbour development and rehabilitation in Maavah island, Laamu Toll. Male': Water Solutions.

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20 Annex: Terms of reference

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No: 203- E IAR ES / 1.38 I 2078 17 4

Terms of Reference for the Environmental Impact Assessment for the Reclamation Project, at Huraa, Kaafu Atoll

The following is the Terms of Reference (ToR) following the scoping meeting held on 6th August 2018, for undertaking the EIA of the proposed Reclamation Project at Huraa, Kaaf Atoll. The proponent of the project is Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure. The EIA consultants of this project are Mr. Ahmed Jameel & Mr. Hassan Shah.

While every attempt has been made to ensure that this ToR addresses all of the major issues associated with development proposal, they are not necessarily exhaustive. They should not be interpreted as excluding from consideration matters deemed to be significant but not incorporated in them, or matters currently unforeseen, that emerge as important or significant from environmental studies, or otherwise, during the course of preparation of the EIA report.

1. Introduction to the nroiect - Describe the purpose ofthe project and, ifapplicable, the background information of the projectlactivity and the tasks already completed. Objectives of the development activities should be specific and if possible quantified. Define the arrangements required for the environmental assessment including how work carried out under this contract is linked to other activities that are carried out or that is being carried out within the project boundary. Identi! the donors and the institutional arrangements relevant to this project.

2. Studv area - Submit a minimumA3 size scaled plan with indications of all the proposed infrastructures. Specifu the agreed boundaries of the study area for the environmental impact assessment highlighting the proposed development location and size. The study area should include adjacent or remote areas, such as relevant developments and nearby environmentally sensitive sites (e.g. coral reef, sea grass, mangroves, marine protected areas, special birds site, sensitive species nursery and feeding grounds). Relevant developments in the areas must also be addressed including residential areas, all economic ventures and cultural sites

3. Scope of work - Identifo and number tasks of the project including site preparation, construction and decommissioning phases

4. Task 1. Description of the proposed project - Provide a full description and justification of the relevant parts of the reclamation works, using maps at appropriate scales where necessary. The following should be provided (all inputs and outputs related to the proposed activities shall be justified): The main activities of the reclamation and coastal works are: o Dredging material from burrow area and pumping it into the reclamation area; o Finishing reclamation area to required levels, including any hazard vulnerability measures such as elevated zone surrounding the island, 4 o Environmental monitoring during construction activities; 4 Environmental Protection Atency P-e4 -*'ZtJ 'er2rrtra 6reen Building, 3d Floor, HandhuvareeHingun -t-r ,rrt-- t21!-J ,t-1 t'-:ri ,aJ Male', Rep. of Maldives, 20fg2 20392,;:i.i. ,;i rel: [+960] 333 s949 [+960] 333 5951 Email:[email protected],:.t. Fax: [+960] 333 5953 1of 5 Website: www.epa.gov.mv : i.r:; /,lt'r,

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o Measures to protect environmental values during construction and once the new land has been established . Project management (include scheduling and duration of the project and life span of facilities; communication of construction details, progress, target dates, construction/operation/closure of labour camps, access to site, safety, equipment and material storage, fuel management and emergency plan in case of spills) Reclamation o Location and size of sand burrow areas (s) on a map; o Justification for the selection of this location; o Quantity, quality and characteristics of fill material; o Indication of guarantees for sufhcient availability of fill material; o Method and equipment used for reclamation, o Justification for selecting the methods and equipment; o Duration of reclamation activity; o Labour requirements and (local) labour availability; o Housing of temporary labour, and o Emergency plan in case of spills (diesel, grease, oil)

The section should identifo temporary construction site, including details of any vegetation clearances. Detailed project inputs and outputs and schedule need to be provided. Reference to other similar EIAs undertaken in the project area shall be given. This section should identif any utility outfalls that will be affected by the project and how it will be managed.

Task 2. Description of the existing environment - Assemble, evaluates and presents the environmental baseline studiesidata regarding the study area and timing of the project (e.g. monsoon season). Identifo baseline data gaps and identifu studies and the level of detail to be carried out by consultant. Consideration of likel), use as a baseline. As such all baseline data must be presented in such a way that they will be usefully applied to future lnonitoring. The report should outline detailed methodology of data collection utilized.

The baseline data will be collected before construction. All survey locations shall be referenced with Geographic Positioning System (GPS) including water sampling points, reef transects, vegetation transects and manta tows sites for posterior data comparison. Information should be divided into the categories shown below:

Climate o Temperature, rainfall, wind, waves, evaporation rates (including extreme conditions) o Risk of storm surges; Geology and geomorpholory o Offshore/coastal geology and geomorphology (use maps); o Bathymetry @ottom morphology) (use maps) of all dredging and reclamation locations including alternative sites; o (Seasonal) patterns ofcoastal erosion and accretion, o Shoreline, vegetation line and beach profiles around the island, o Topoetraphic profiles of the island, and o Characteristics of seabed sediments to assess direct habitat destruction and turbidity impacts during construction;

Environmental Protection Atency /r2, -PyErJ ,e,2/rtil ,-: Green Building, 3'd Floor, HandhuvareeHintun ,t-- -r;-, ,iz:ti ,73,:i_;- t0392 ';i Male', Rep. of Maldives, 20392 ';:i-)/ Email: secretariat@ePa,8ov.mv Tel: [+9601 333 5949 [+960] 333 5951 Website: www.ePa 8ov.mv zof 5 Fax: [+950] 333 5953 lUtu,

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o Tidal ranges and tidal currents; o Wave climate and wave induced currents; o Wind induced (seasonal) currents; o Sea water quality measuring these parameters: temperature, pH, salinity, turbidity, phosphate, nitrate, ammonia, sulphate, BOD. (from the around the island including the protected area) Ecologf o ldenti& marine protected areas (MPAs) and sensitive sites such as breeding or nursery grounds for protected or endangered species (e.g. coral reefs, spawning fish sites, nurseries for crustaceans or specific sites for marine mammals, sharks and turtles). Include description of commercial species, species with potential to become nuisances or vector. o Benthic and fish community monitoring around the island; o Landscape integrity, and Socio-economic environment o Demography: total population, sex ratio, density, growth and pressure on land and marine resources; o Income situation and distribution o Economic activities of both men and women (e.g. fisheries, home gardening, fish processing, employment in industry, government); o Seasonal changes in activities; o Land use planning, natural resource use and zoning ofactivities at sea; o Accessibility and (public) transpoft to other island; o Services quality and accessibility (water supply, waste/water disposal, energy supply, social services like health and education); o Community needs; o Sites with historical or cultural interest or sacred places (mosques, graveyard).

Task 4. Legislative and regulatory considerations - Identifo the pertinent legislation, regulations and standards, and environmental policies that are relevant and applicable to the proposed project, and identifo the appropriate authority jurisdictions that will specifically apply to the project. The relevant sections of the regulations, legislations and policies need to be highlighted, with respect to the proposed project. o Reclamation approval from the Housing and Environment Ministry;

Task 5. Potential impacts of the proposed project- The EIA report should identifo all the impacts (direct, indirect and cumulative) and evaluate the magnitude and significance. This shall include:

Impacts on the natur4l environment o Changes in flow velocities/directions, resulting in changes in erosion/sedimentation patterns, which may im pact shore zone confi guration/coastal morphology; o Loss of marine bottom habitat, both in the borrow area as well as due to enlargement of the islands, resulting in (temporary) loss of bottom life, which may impact fish stocks and species diversity and density of crabs, shellfish etc.; . Impacts of noise, vibration and disturbance; o Impacts on ground water table and quality as a result of reclamation areas (leaching of salts in the deposited sediments and change in ground water quantity); o Estimated time required to reach water quality of acceptable levels and soil conditions suitable for home gardening; o Impacts on unique or threatened habitats or species (coral reefs, sea turtles etc.), and o Impacts on landscape integrity/scenery.

x Environmental Protection Atency P-l. rPveuJ tcrzrttr. Green Building, 3'd Floor, HandhuvareeHingun tr,!-J tt-ar- -t-, ,r/-, ,t-a ,rt Male', Rep. of Maldives, 20392 20392,;:i.ja ,;i

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a Impacts on the protected area.

Impacts on the socio-economic environment o Impacts of the works in fishing activities (disturbance); o Impacts on employment and income, potential for local people to have (temporary) iob opportunities (and what kind) in the execution of the works; o Impacts of the reclamation works (diminished) access to groundwater and risks of covering up hazardous materials, and o Level ofprotection against hazards like sea level rise, storm surges, etc. o Size and allocation of plots, including possibility of gardening; o Social services like health and education; o Employment and economic opportunities and diversification; o Increased demands on nafural resources and services (domestic water supply, waste water disposal, treatment systems, solid waste disposal systems, energy supply, etc.); . Impact equity (economic activities, employment, income); o Social destabilization of the island community, o Impacts on utility outfalls.

Task 6. Alternatives to proposed project - Describe alternatives including the "no action option " should be presented. Determine the best practical environmental options. Alternatives examined for the proposed project that would achieve the same objective including the "no action alternative". This should include but not limited to alternative borrow sites, alternative equipmenVmachinery for dredging, alternative disposal sites and alternative coastal protection measures. The report should highlight how the dredging and reclamation location was determined.

Task 7. Mitigation and management of negative impacts - Identifu possible measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts to acceptable levels. These will include both environmental and socio- economic mitigation measures with particular attention paid to sedimentation control and future changes in coastal processes. Mitigation measures to avoid or compensate habitat destruction caused by dredging will have to be considered, e.g. temporal sediment control structures, coastal protection structures to reduce erosion, measures to prevent impacts of flooding from storm surges and special measures to minimize impacts on nearby sensitive areas. Measures for both construction and operation phase shall be identified. Cost the mitigation measures, equipment and resources required to implement those measures. The confirmation of commitment of the developer to implement the proposed mitigation measures shall also be included. An Environmental management plan for the proposed project, identifoing responsible persons, their duties and commitments shall also be given. ln cases where impacts are unavoidable arrangements to compensate for the environmental effect shall be given.

Task 8. Development of monitoring plan - Identiff the critical issues requiring monitoring to ensure compliance to mitigation measures and present impact management and monitoring plan for coastal modification, beach morphology, sediment movement around the island. Ecological monitoring will be submitted to the EPA to evaluate the damages during construction, after project completion and every three months thereafter, up to one year and then on a yearly basis for five years after. Detail of the monitoring program including the physical and biological parameters for monitoring, cost commitment from responsible person to conduct monitoring in the form of a commitment letter, detailed reporting scheduling, costs and methods of undertaking the monitoring program must be provided. o Water quality, especially turbidity;

Environmental Protection Atency tPYe'J -'Ea 'e'2/"t' Green Building, 3'd Floor, HandhuvareeHingun

Male', Rep. of Maldives, 20392 20392,;:i-;/ ,;i

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o Sedimentation rates on nearby coral reefs, benthic system, Protected Area and seagrass beds; o Condition of the sensitive ecosystems and marine resources; . Re-colonization of the benthic organisms in the borrow areas; o Erosion and accretion; o Environmentally sound site clearance; o Environmentally sound removal of dredging and other equipment including construction materials,

Task 9. Stakeholder consultation - Identifo appropriate mechanisms for providing information on the development proposal and its progress to all stakeholders, government authorities such as National Disaster Management Centre, Environmental Protection Agency, Kaafu Atoll council, Huraa Council, Four Seasons Kuda Huraa, Club Med Kani resort, guest house operators of the island and general public of Huraa. The EIA report should include a list of people/groups consulted, their contact details and summary of the major outcomes.

Presentation - The environmental impact assessment report, to be presented in digital format, will be concise and focus on significant environmental issues. It will contain the findings, conclusions and recommended actions supported by summaries of the data collected and citations f or any references used in interpreting those data. The environmental assessment report will be organized according to, but not necessarily limited by, the outline given in the EIA Regulations 2012 and relevant amendments.

Timeframe for submittins the EIA report - The developer must submit the completed EIA report within 6 months from the date of this Term of Reference.

06th August 2018

Environmental Protection Agency ,P,erJ ,er2lrtra --at Green Building, 3'd Floor, HandhuvareeHingun t2l trrtt- ,!-/ ,r2-- !-) ,r-1 ,r! Male', Rep. of Maldives, 20392 20j92 ,i:i--i, ,;i

Tel: [+960] 333 5949 [+9601 333 5951 Email; secretariat@epa gov.mv , .j.:i': Fax: [+960] 333 5953 5 of 5 Website; www epa.Bov.mv , ,-:-ti For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

21 Annex: Bathymetry

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0 Legend Quay_wall groyne Reclamation_area_option_5 µ Midtide_20180806 N N " " 0 ' 0 ' 0 0 2 2 ° ° 4 4

479000 479000 0

0 62.5 125 250 0 0 5 4 3 73°36'0"E Meters For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

22 Annex: Approval of concept design from Ministry of Housing and Environment

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For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

23 Annex: Survey report for identification of suitable sand borrow areas

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SURVEY REPORT Identification of suitable sand borrow areas K.Huraa reclamation project

Surveyed by MTCC SURVEY TEAM

27 - 08 – 2018 CONTENTS 1 PROJECT ...... 4 2 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ...... 5 3 SURVEY EQUIPMENTS ...... 5 4 ABBREVIATIONS USED ...... 5 5 INTRODUCTION ...... 6 6 SURVEY METHODOLOGY ...... 7 6.1 Deep sea Survey ...... 7 6.1.1 Preliminary preparations ...... 7 6.1.2 Multi beam and sub bottom profiling survey ...... 7 6.1.3 Deep sea diving ...... 8 6.1.4 Proposed sand borrow Area-1 (1st Priority) ...... 9 6.1.5 Proposed sand borrow Area- 2 (2nd priority) ...... 15 6.1.6 Proposed sand borrow Area-3 (3rd priority) ...... 18 7 LIMITATIONS ...... 21 8 CONCLUSION ...... 21 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 21 10 APPENDIX ...... 22 10.1 Survey Maps ...... 22 10.1.1 Overview ...... 22 10.1.2 Area 1 ...... 22 10.1.3 Area 2 ...... 22 10.1.4 Area 3 ...... 22

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location map ...... 6 Figure 2: Surveyed area with proposed borrow sites ...... 8 Figure 3: Proposed sand borrow location 1 (1st priority) ...... 10 Figure 4: SPB track for location 1A (across the area) ...... 10 Figure 5: SBP track for location 1B (across the area) ...... 11 Figure 6: SBP track for location 1C (across the area) ...... 11 Figure 7: SBP track for location 1D (across the area) ...... 12 Figure 8: Benthic cover in proposed borrow Area 1 (Firdous, 2018) ...... 13 Figure 9: Seabed characteristics at proposed borrow Area 1 (Nagtgaal, 2016) ...... 14 Figure 10: Borrow location 2 (2nd priority) ...... 15 Figure 11: SBP track for location 2B (across the area) ...... 16 Figure 12: SBP track for location 2C (across the area) ...... 16 Figure 13: Benthic cover in borrow area 2 (Firdous, 2018) ...... 16 Figure 14: Sea bed characteristics of Area 2 (Nagtgaal, 2016) ...... 17 Figure 15: Proposed sand borrow location 3 (3rd priority) ...... 18 Figure 16: SBP track for location 3A (across the area) ...... 19 Figure 17: SBP track for location 3B (across area)...... 19 Figure 18: SBP track for location 3C (across the area) ...... 20

LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Survey results ...... 5 Table 2: Coordinates of sand borrow locations...... 9

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1 PROJECT

Project Name: K.Huraa Land Reclamation Project Client: Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure Consultant: - Project Location: Huraa, North Male’ Atoll (E73° 36' 09.18", N4° 19' 59.87") Surveyed date: 20th to 31th July 2018

Surveyed by: MTCC SURVEY TEAM Survey, Design and Development Section Maldives Transport and Contracting Company Plc Boduthakurufaanu Magu, Male’, 20057 Republic of Maldives Phone: (+960) 332 6822, Fax: (+960) 333 2835 E-mail: [email protected]

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2 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY • This report outlines a survey undertaken for K.Huraa reclamation, proposed by Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure. A deep-sea survey for sand search was undertaken by the contractor-MTCC, between 20 to 31 July 2018; • An area of about 1788ha within Male’ Atoll, has been surveyed to locate suitable sand borrow locations.

Table 1: Survey results

SURVEY RESULTS

AREA/Ha VOLUME/cbm HEIGHT/m @MSL Reclamation Volume by Client 10.0 - - Surveyed reclamation volume by MTCC 10.0 230,000.0 +1.4 (main reclamation) Sand Borrow Location 1 (1st priority) 687.23 1,374,463.5 - Sand Borrow Location 2 (2nd priority) 620.7 1,241,498.5 - Sand Borrow Location 3 (2nd priority) 480.3 480,315.7 -

3 SURVEY EQUIPMENTS • Norbit iWBMS multi beam echo sounder 01 unit • Innomar SES-2000 sub bottom profiler 01unit • Survey boat

4 ABBREVIATIONS USED • CBM Cubic Meter (Volume) • TSHD Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger • M Meter (length) • MTCC Maldives Transport and Contracting Company Plc • MB Multi beam echo sounder • MSL Mean Sea Level • NM Nautical Mile • SBP Sub bottom profiler • SQM Square meter (area) • NM Nautical Mile

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5 INTRODUCTION Hura is an inhabited island located in north Male’ atoll. A land reclamation project has been proposed for Huraa island by the government of Maldives through Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure. The existing island does not have additional land that could be allocated for residential, commercial and industrial use. A 10-hector area is proposed for reclamation to meet the residential and commercial demand.

MTCC, being the contractor of the reclamation project, decided to use a TSHD for dredging component of the project. Hence, a seismic survey is required for locating suitable dredge material for the Dredger and to complete the regulatory approvals such as EIA reports by the client.

This is a report compiled to explain the procedures followed, methodologies used, and the observations made during the 11 days sand search survey undertaken in Male’ Atoll. The survey was undertaken by the contractor-MTCC. This report is towards the fulfilment of the information mentioned in section 2,3 and 4 of Annex-B of the agreement ‘Surveying works of K.Huraa reclamation area’ signed between MTCC and MHI on June 24, 2018.

Figure 1: Location map

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6 SURVEY METHODOLOGY All survey data, unless mentioned otherwise, are based on WGS84 ellipsoid and UTM zone43N projection. Depth Data is referred to local MSL.

6.1 Deep sea Survey 6.1.1 Preliminary preparations There are few conditions that must be met by the selected sand borrow sites for the project. Since the dredger to be used for the project belongs to the model IHC Easydredge 3700 whose maximum reachable depth is 50m, no area deeper than 50m can be selected as a dredge site. Additionally, for the reclamation cost and performance to be at normal, the selected sand borrow sites must be within 15 NMs of the reclamation area. Furthermore, there are regulatory requirements such as no dredging can be done within 500m of any island reef.

Keeping the conditions in mind, a literature review was undertaken on the following materials to identify possible borrow sites for survey.

• Online depth charts of Male’ Atoll • Geological note for K.Himmafushi reclamation sand search by Van Oord in 2016. • EIA for deep sea dredging to reclaim and develop 3 resort islands in north Male’ atoll lagoon in 2016.

6.1.2 Multi beam and sub bottom profiling survey An Offshore D50 model boat was used as the survey vessel. Both MB and SBP were deployed from the survey vessel by using purposely built brackets and poles. Mapping and profiling by MB and SPB were done by sailing the boat along the previously identified potential sand borrow areas. An area of about 1788Ha was mapped by the MB survey. However, SB profiling was carried out at certain selected track lines after the MB survey. Sea bottom pictures were taken randomly within the surveyed area to have a better understanding of the sea bottom material. They were taken by lowering an underwater camera to sea bed by means of a rope having a weight at the lower end. Majority of the surveyed area falls to the depth of 30-50m. During the survey, we observed previous trailed tracks of a dredger from the surveyed area.

Data collection and processing of MB data was undertaken by using HYPACK hydrographic software whereas SES WIN 2.2 and ISE 2.9.5 were used for data collection and processing of SBP data respectively. Output maps were generated in Civil3D 2019 and QGIS.

Around 60% of the surveyed area is estimated to provide suitable dredge material. However, 3 specific locations were marked to keep an environmental control and to make regulatory process easier.

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6.1.3 Deep sea diving Deep sea diving will be undertaken at various locations of the proposed sand borrow areas to physically assess the sea bottom material. However, due to time constraints, at the time of report, we were unable to present the results and samples from diving.

Figure 2: Surveyed area with proposed borrow sites

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Table 2: Coordinates of proposed sand borrow locations

COORDINATES OF LOCATIONS SAND BORROW LOCATIONS

Latitude Longitude Easting Northing Location 1 N4° 13' 21.05" E73° 29' 49.43" 333192.6468 466884.3120 N4° 13' 02.03" E73° 30' 09.65" 333815.1208 466298.7533 N4° 14' 59.56" E73° 31' 34.92" 336451.4808 469903.5987 N4° 15' 06.34" E73° 31' 03.22" 335474.3251 470113.6929 N4° 16' 52.10" E73° 31' 14.23" 335820.0148 473361.5156 N4° 16' 49.19" E73° 31' 43.62" 336726.1017 473270.5607 Location 2 N4° 12' 49.09" E73° 26' 36.77" 327249.7481 465914.2193 N4° 12' 04.17" E73° 26' 25.33" 326893.9894 464535.2947 N4° 11' 28.87" E73° 28' 42.23" 331113.7687 463442.6018 N4° 12' 13.79" E73° 28' 53.68" 331469.5274 464821.5264 Location 3 N4° 33' 57.02" E73° 34' 38.68" 342184.3232 504829.0485 N4° 33' 56.90" E73° 35' 26.32" 343652.8368 504822.5510 N4° 32' 53.78" E73° 36' 16.09" 345182.8076 502880.8242 N4° 32' 18.45" E73° 35' 48.60" 344333.3932 501797.3309 N4° 32' 57.06" E73° 35' 01.52" 342884.7610 502985.9247

6.1.4 Proposed sand borrow Area-1 (1st Priority) Out of the 3 locations marked within the surveyed area, location 1 is the preferred borrow site based on our survey. The area is 687.23Ha in size with depth mainly ranging between 35-50m. It is located on south of Huraa, around 8 NM away, between Bandos and Kurumbaa resort.

According to the sea bottom pictures and videos taken together with the evidence of previous surveys, about 75% of this area’s sea bottom consists of coarse sand. Pebble sized coral pieces were also seldom spotted in the area. Therefore, based on the pictures, the first identifiable layer by SBP is assumed to be fine sand. Additionally, the initial layer shown by SBP is extends to a about 1m thickness which further provide evidence for the presence of sand.

It is estimated that location 1 can yield about 1,374,463.5cbm of sand. It is believed that location 1 alone will provide the required fill material for the project.

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Figure 3: Proposed sand borrow location 1 (1st priority)

Figure 4: SPB track for location 1A (across the area)

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Figure 5: SBP track for location 1B (across the area)

Figure 6: SBP track for location 1C (across the area)

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Figure 7: SBP track for location 1D (across the area)

Southern part of this area was also surveyed by Van Oord in 2016 for Maldives three islands reclamation project. Later in 2018, MTCC undertook another survey for Thilafushi waste management area reclamation.

According to the geotechnical survey of Van Oord, the amount of available sand in the area is less due to previous dredging and the presence of hard rocky surface. Based on the survey it was estimated that dredging until 1m from sea bed can be carried out here without hitting any hard material. But as the area is small, it is questionable that enough sand for the whole reclamation can be taken from the area. Sea bottom current at the time of dive was noticed to be at the range of minor to moderate towards south west. During MTCC’s survey in 2018, underwater diving was undertaken at locations 1D and 1E for sampling which proved the presence of coarse sand in the area. In these 2 previous surveys, northern part of the area was not included.

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Figure 8: Benthic cover in proposed borrow Area 1 (Firdous, 2018)

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Figure 9: Seabed characteristics at proposed borrow Area 1 (Nagtgaal, 2016)

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6.1.5 Proposed sand borrow Area- 2 (2nd priority) Location 2 is around 20km south of Huraa, directly north of Thilafushi and Gulheefalhu. The area is 620.7Ha in size with depth raging between 38-50m. Dredging from this area has taken place number of times for various reclamation projects within Male’ region. Additionally, this area is used by number of cargo ships for anchoring. More than 95% of locations 2’s benthic cover consists of fine sand. Minor amount of silt is noticed to be present in the area. According to the geotechnical survey of Van Oord, extensive dredging has taken place at this location due to which reason large part of the area has been depleted. The report also stated that a thick layer of very fine sediment is present in the area. Dredging was undertaken from this area for the reclamation of Thilafushi waste management project in July 2018. Based on Thilafushi waste management reclamation, the first identifiable layer by SBP is very fine sand exting to about 0.8m in thickness with some silt and an estimated volume of 1,241,498.5cbm dredge material is expected to be available.

Figure 10: Borrow location 2 (2nd priority)

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Figure 11: SBP track for location 2B (across the area)

Figure 12: SBP track for location 2C (across the area)

Figure 13: Benthic cover in borrow area 2 (Firdous, 2018)

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Figure 14: Sea bed characteristics of Area 2 (Nagtgaal, 2016)

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6.1.6 Proposed sand borrow Area-3 (3rd priority) This area is located on direct north of Huraa, about 25km away. About 50% of the area is deeper than 50m which is the maximum reachable depth of the proposed TSHD to be used in this project. About 30% of the sea bottom cover is rocky with pebble and granule sized rocks. However, 40% of the area is expected to provide 480,316cbm of coarse material suitable for reclamation. This area was previously surveyed for Rahfalhu lagoon reclamation. However, no dredging has been carried out from this area. Furthermore, Sudden depth changes and coral changes are noticed. Hence, this is not a favourable dredge location.

Figure 15: Proposed sand borrow location 3 (3rd priority)

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Figure 16: SBP track for location 3A (across the area)

Figure 17: SBP track for location 3B (across area)

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Figure 18: SBP track for location 3C (across the area)

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7 LIMITATIONS There are number of limitations on the deep sea survey undertaken. Most of the limitations were due to time constraints and resource limitations.

• No coring of seabed was undertaken in the selected sand borrow sites to physically assure the material evinced from the survey. However, for area 1 and 2, coring assessment by Van Oord is available. • No seabed sample collection was done at the time of this report. However, it will be undertaken with a fortnight’s time from locations identified in the drawings. • Rough waves were experienced in the deep-sea area during the survey period. Hence, the data was subject to more noise correction.

8 CONCLUSION The survey was undertaken to identify suitable sand borrow areas for the proposed land reclamation project in K.Huraa. The project was proposed by Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure. Potential sand borrow areas are limited within the Male’ Atoll de to the number of previous large-scale reclamation projects that has taken place. All the surveyed area falls within previously surveyed areas for reclamation and repeated dredging has been undertaken in two of the referred locations.

However, our survey suggest that enough reclamation material of suitable quality can be dredged from the proposed sand borrow areas. In addition to our survey, previous dredging from Area-1 and 2 further suggests presence of sand in those areas.

9 BIBLIOGRAPHY Firdous, H. (2018). First EIA Addendum to the Reclamation of 15ha of land at Thilafushi for the development of the regional waste management facility for zone 3, Kaafu Atoll, Maldives. MTCC.

Nagtgaal, R. (2016). Maldives Three Island Reclamation: Himmafushi Sand Search. Van Oord.

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10 APPENDIX 10.1 Survey Maps 10.1.1 Overview 10.1.2 Area 1 10.1.3 Area 2 10.1.4 Area 3

PDF file of survey maps are separately provided as the files are large.

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For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

24 Annex: CV’s of unregistered consultants who assisted in this project

Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 119 For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

BLANK PAGE

Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 120 Abdul Aleem (Amooo) – Curriculum Vitae

Personal and contact Full name: Abdul Aleem details Common Name: Amooo Date of birth: 2nd November 1973 Nationality: Maldivian Sex: Male’

Permanent address M.Dhonumaruge Dhekunubai, Jahaamuguri Goalhi, Male', Republic of Maldives Present address G.Boduga Villa 2nd Floor, Majeedhee Magu, Male', Republic of Maldives

Tel: + 960 3341643 Mobile: + 960 7793502 Web: www.water-solutions.biz Email (Office): [email protected] Email (Personal): [email protected]

Experience

Specialized in Environmental Health, Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Health Impact assessment, Water quality assessment and monitoring (ground and drinking water). Good practical and working experience on terrestrial surveying, qualitative and quantitative fresh water quality surveys, groundwater quality assessment for monitoring purpose (small islands), bathymetric surveys of reefs and lagoons, coastal and marine survey (beach profile measurement using levels and current measurement using dye test), noise assessment and air pollutant measurement. Competent in mapping islands using differential GPS and developing GIS base maps.

Good theoretical and practical knowledge of MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power Point, Macromedia Director MX, Macromedia Deamweaver MX, Macromedia Flash MX, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, Quick Time Pro, Corel Draw. Basic knowledge of MS Access. Good working knowledge and experience in designing and maintenance of static websites and basic knowledge on Dynamic websites. Good knowledge and experience in designing and authoring multimedia CD’s for personal computers using macromedia Director. Good theoretical and practical knowledge on GIS and capable of developing small to medium size GIS projects.

Good practical knowledge on coastal management, coastal surveying, especially use of shorelines as an indicator of coastal erosion, identifying methods of erosion control and beach management and rectification issues.

Fluent in coral reef surveys and a certified Reef check surveyour.

PADI Open Water Instructor and Specialty Instructor (PADI No: 261728) with experience in teaching and diving in a number of atolls in the Maldives.

LANGUAGE & DEGREE OF PROFICIENCY:

Speaking Writing Reading English Excellent Excellent Excellent Dhivehi Mother tongue Mother tongue Mother tongue

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 1

Education

Master of Public Health (MPH) - 2003 to 2004 University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Subjects undertaken: Foundations of Public Health; Social Health Research methods, Statistics for Health Sciences; Child Health, Computer Applications in Epidemiology; Research methods for health professionals; Principles of Health informatics; Alcohol, tobacco and other drug studies; Mental health development-theories and principles; Health and Society; Masters dissertation: A qualitative study on “Impact of Stroke on caregivers”.

Bachelor of Environmental Health - Feb 1999 to Nov 1999 University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Australia

Subjects undertaken: Environmental Health in Practice, Environmental Planning, Food Safety, Noise Assessment and Control, Environmental and Health Education, Environmental Health in Practice (Healthy City Environments), Air Quality Assessment and Management

Diploma in Environmental Health - Feb 1996 - Nov 1998 Fiji School of Medicine, Suva, Fiji

Subjects undertaken: Environmental Health Practicum 1-Primary Health Care, Public Health Administration, Public Health Law, Introduction to Building, Introduction to Population Studies, Environmental Health Practicum 2- Community Health, Epidemiology and Health, Food Handling and Hygiene, Physiology and Toxicology, Chemistry Concepts and Compounds, Environmental Health Practicum 3-Water Quality Studies, Waste Management, Non Formal Education, Introduction to Management, Environmental Health Practicum 4-Terrestrial and Human Ecology, Building 2, Construction Technology, Building Technology, Adult Learning, Environmental Health Practicum 5 – Environmental Impact Assessment, Occupational Health, Town and Country Planning, Organizational Management, Organizational Behaviour, Final Year project (Water Quality Study of Nabukalau Creek, Suva, Fiji Islands).

General Certificate of Education Examination (June 1990 - June 1992) Advanced Level Certificate, University of London, School Examinations Board

General Certificate of Education Examination (Jan 1987 - Dec 1989) Ordinary Level Certificate, University of London, School Examinations Board

Other Professional Courses and training

PADI Open Water Scuba Instructor (Instructor Number 261728) and NITROX Specialty Instructor PADI International

Teledyne PDS Software Multibeam Acquisition & Processing (2015) Training course on the use of Multibeam Echosounder for underwater surveying held in Male’, Maldives in November 2015.

Reef check surveying protocols (2014) Training course on the use of Reef Check protocol for undertaking coral reef surveys held in Male’, Maldives in 2014. Training organized by Marine Research Centre.

International Training Programme in GIS for Policy Making, Planning and management of Spatially Distributed resources (2005) 19.12.2005 to 30.12.2005, International Center for Geo-informatics Applications and Training, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka

Certificate course in Web Designing and Multimedia (2001) 19.12.2000 to 20.2.2001, Access Computers, Republic of Maldives

Basic French (1996) Three month course in basic French, Alliance Francaise, Suva, Fiji Islands

Photography Basic Course (1993) Six months course, Youth Centre, Republic of Maldives

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 2

Photography Advance Course (1994) Six months course, Youth Centre, Republic of Maldives

Photography Technical Course - Advertising Photography (1995) 6 months course, Youth Centre, Republic of Maldives

Technical papers and research undertaken

Mapping the incidence of Dengue using GIS in Male from 1998 to 2005 Available Dengue incidents reported from Male’, was transformed in to a GIS to assess the disease occurrence patterns in Maldives during the study period and identify any patterns in its occurrence January 2006, Project undertaken for WEB Foundations (webfound.org). The project was completed entirely on my own

Drafting of the 1st National Drinking Water Quality guidelines for Maldives Drafting the guidelines with the assistance and supervision from Dr. Machiel Stynberg, South Africa.

Safety of Rainwater harvesting in Maldives Data analysis and reporting of a pilot survey conducted for the 12th International Rainwater Catchment Systems Conference, New Delhi 2005.

Occupational Health Injury Situation Analysis (December 2002) Joint study on assessing occupational injuries and its situation in Maldives. Study done for Ministry of Health with Ahmed Zahid.

Environmental Health Review (November 2001) A review of Environmental Health status in Maldives done for Ministry of Health

Health and Safety Aspects (October 2001) Joint study on the Feasibility of a Poultry Farm in Maldives. Feasibility study done for a private firm.

Environmental Impact Statement (December 2000) Undertaken for the RO plant at ADK Hospital, Male’, Maldives.

Healthy Islands Plan of Action for Maldives: (2000) Prepared for Environmental Health Unit of Ministry of Health, Maldives

Critique on Hawkesbury Healthy City Project (1999) One year research project undertaken at WHO Collaborating Center for environmental Health, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Sydney, Australia

Healthy River: Water Quality Study of Nabukalau Creek, Suva, Fiji Islands; 1998 Third year research project undertaken at Department of Environmental Health, Fiji School of Medicine, Suva, Fiji

Environmental and other technical reports

Name: EIA for the design and project management of the construction of bridges, channels, harbours and shore protection works at Hulhumale’ phase 2 Completed Date: 30 January 2018 Proponent: Housing Development Corporation Responsibilities: Undertaken the EIA as one of the lead consultants. Technical expertise provide includes marine survey studies / assessment and impact assessment for the dredging components. Additional members: Hassan Shah (EIA P02/2007)

Name: EIA for the construction of sewerage system in Utheemu Island in Haa Alif Atoll. Completed Date: 05 November 2017 Proponent: Ministry of Environment and Energy Responsibilities: Undertaken the EIA as one of the lead consultants during data collection, site visits, analysis, leading junior trainees and report writing. Input as technical person for the assessment of groundwater studies and estimation of aquifer size. Additional members: Ibrahim Faiz (T06/15), Mohamed Umaru

Name: EIA for the Resort Development of Thilamaafushi island in Lhaviyani Atoll. Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 3

Completed Date: 15 November 2017 Proponent: Selo Holdings Pvt. Ltd Responsibilities: Undertaken the EIA as one of the lead consultants during data collection, site visits, analysis, leading junior trainees and report writing. Additional members: Ibrahim Faiz (T06/15), Mohamed Umaru

Name: EIA for the construction of sewerage system in Baarah Island in Haa Alif Atoll. Completed Date: 1 October 2017 Proponent: Ministry of Environment and Energy Responsibilities: Undertaken the EIA as one of the lead consultants during data collection, site visits, analysis, leading junior trainees and report writing. Input as technical person for the assessment of groundwater studies and estimation of aquifer size. Additional members: Ibrahim Faiz (T06/15), Mohamed Umaru

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of Dhandhoo island into a resort in Baa Atoll Date April 2017 Client Paradee Resorts, Thailand / Dhandhoo Holdings Pvt.Ltd Location Dhandhoo Island, Baa Atoll Project Component Development of the island to a new resort. Contact Mr. Pong, Thailand based project Manager, Email:[email protected] Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in the project. During the EIA preparation, I also involvements trained two new staff members on data gathering at site including terrestrial, marine and coastal data.

Name of the EIA EIA addendum for Coastal Protection works. Date February 2017 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Hoarafushi Island, Haa Alifu Atoll Project Component Exploring options for the change in borrow areas from where sand will be obtained for backfilling. Contact / client Ministry of Housing and Environment. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for the project. My role includes visiting the island involvements and collecting on site data at the same time leading the team of junior consultants to undertake the EIA data collection. During the project, stakeholders were met and social issues related to the project were identified and the process as used as a means to come up with a suitable and acceptable solutions.

Name of the EIA EIA for the creation of an artificial reef in Hondaafushi by sinking a cargo vessel. Date January 2017 Client AAA Resorts Location Hondaafushi Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Preparation of EIA report Contact Number Mr. Ahmed / Civil Engineer, AAA Resorts, 7907320 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the construction of a new entrance channel Date December 2016 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure Location Bilehdhoo Island, Faafu Atoll Project Component Construction of a new entrance channel Contact Number Nafha Aujaz / Ministry of Housing

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 4

Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. The Project involvements involves development of a new entrance channel in Bilehdhoo as the existing channel has several design flaws resulting in difficulty and functionality. The report was prepared by collecting on site data including stakeholder consultations and other data including marine, coastal and harbour details. The project was particularly a challenging project as the harbour was only recently developed and having to implement another new project had its draw backs.

Name of the EIA EIA addendum repot for the creation of a channel in Muthaaufushi Island. Date November 2016 Client Well Land Investment Private Limited Location Muthaafushi island, Baa Atoll Project Component Development of a new entrance channel. Contact Number Mr. Arif, 7782136 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the setup of sewerage system in Mulah. Date November 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Mulah Island, Meemu Atoll. Project Component Development of a new sewerage system. Contact Number Ministry of Environment and Energy Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included ground water and calculation of groundwater quantity in the island.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of Fasmendhoo island in to a resort. Date October 2016 Client Emil resorts / Mr. Fransesco Location Fasmendhoo Island, Raa Atoll Project Component Development of the island in to a resort. Contact Number 7508694 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, terrestrial and social environment

Name of the EIA EIA for the Dhihdhoo Coastal Protection. Date September 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Dhihdhoo Island, Haa Alifu Atoll Project Component Construction of coastal protection Contact Number 301-8300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, and social aspects of the project. Name of the EIA EIA for the Gahdhoo Coastal Protection. Date September 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Gahdhoo Island, Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Construction of coastal protection Contact Number 301-8300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, and social aspects of the project.

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 5

Name of the EIA EIA for the Coastal Protection in Fainu Island. Date July 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Fainu Island, Raa Atoll Project Component Construction of coastal protection Contact Number 301-8300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, and social aspects of the project.

Name of the EIA EIA for the Coastal Protection in Guraidhoo Date June 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Guraidhoo Island, Thaa Atoll Project Component Construction of coastal protection Contact Number 301-8300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, and social aspects of the project.

Name of the EIA EIA for the resort concept change in Vomulli Island. Date June 2016 Client Residency Resorts Maldives Location Vommuli Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Changes to the original project concept. Contact Number 9946464 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing for the proposed involvements concept change in the development concept.

Name of the EIA EIA for the coastal protection of Dusit Thani. Date May 2016 Client Dusit Thani Maldives Location Muhdhoo Island, Baa Atoll Project Component Implementation of a coastal protection plan for the eastern side of the island. Contact Number 7954716 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in formulating the coastal protection plan, data involvements collection and report writing for the proposed project.

Name of the EIA EIA for the proposed additional changes brought to Helengeli resort redevelopment. Date April 2016 Client EON Resort Location Helengeli island, North Male Project Component Changes to the original project concept. Contact Number Mr. Krishna / Project Manager, 9983160 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing for the proposed involvements concept change in the development concept.

Name of the Report Coastal management and assessment report Date February 2015 Client Dusit Thani, Maldives

Location Muhdhoo island, Dusit Thani Project Component Coastal management / feasibility Contact Person Mr. Aruna Bandaranayaka Nature of my Lead Consultant for the environmental monitoring and management. involvements Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 6

Name of the Report EIA for the shore protection works in Maafushi Island Date December 2015 Client Ministry of Environment

Location Maafushi island, South Male’ Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Contact Person Ms. Aishath Huma Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Gaafaru Island Date December 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Gaafaru island, North Male’ Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Gahdhoo Island Date September 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Gahdhoo island, Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Nilandhoo Island Date September 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Nilandhoo island, Faafu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Kendhoo Island Date August 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Kendhoo island, Baa Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Kelaa Island Date August 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Kelaa island, Haa Alifu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Technical report for the development of a coral reef in Mai Falhu in north Male’ Atoll Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 7

Date July 2014 Client WATG Singapore Location North Male’ Atoll Project Component Development of islands in a coral reef Contact name Mr.Krishna Chalise Nature of my Lead Consultant for planning and executing the bathymetric surveys and involvements preparation of technical report for the client including the development of islands, reclamation and its feasibility components.

Name of the Report EIA for the refurbishment of Viceroy at Vagaru Date May 2015 Client EON Resorts Location Vagaru, Shaviyani Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the reclamation of Maafushi island Date May 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Maafushi Island, South Male’ Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report EIA addendum report for the redevelopment of Helengeli resort with a modified harbour design Date March 2014 Client Atmosphere OBLU Location Helengeli Island, North Male’ Atoll. Project Component Redevelopment of resort Contact name Saleel Panigrahi Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including development of modified concepts involvements for the harbour

Name of the Report EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Milandhoo island Date March 2015 Client MWSC Location Milandhoo Island, Shaviyani Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Kelaa island Date February 2015 Client MWSC Location Kelaa Island, Haa Alifu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Addendum to the ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed redevelopment of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date December 2014 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 8

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Coastal Environmental Report for Thanburudhoo Island Date December 2014 Client Telos Investments

Location K.Thanburudhoo Island Project Component Coastal Protection / feasibility Contact Person Mr. Gunner Lee Miller Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the development of resort in Innahera Cluster of Islands, Date November 2014 Client SIMDI

Location Innareha Cluster of islands, Gaafu Dhaalu Project Component Environmental consultancy Contact Person Mr. Yoosuf / SIMDI Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report Preliminary Coastal Environmental Report for Thanburudhoo Island Date November 2014 Client Telos Investments

Location K.Thanburudhoo Island Project Component Coastal Protection / feasibility Contact Person Mr. Gunner Lee Miller Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction and jetty in Baarah Date November 2014 Client Ministry of Housing Location Baarah Island, Haa Alifu Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction and sewerage system in Alifushi Island Date October 2014 Client MWSC Location Alifushi Island, Raa Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the Report Progress report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date October 2014 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Development of an Artificial Reef Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the report EIA for the redevelopment of Helengeli resort Date September 2014 Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 9

Client Atmosphere OBLU Location Helengeli Island, North Male’ Atoll. Project Component Redevelopment of resort Contact name Saleel Panigrahi Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the report Inspection and assessment of Vandhoo Harbour Date August 2014 Client Kocks Consult Gmb, Germany Location Vandhoo, Raa Atoll Project Component Assessment Contact name Mr. Kasdarli Sid-Alir Chakir Nature of my Lead Consultant for the assessment of the harbour. involvements

Name of the Report Implementation and launching report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date July 2014 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Development of an Artificial Reef Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the report EIA for the construction and harbour in Magoodhoo Date July 2014 Client Ministry of Housing Location Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for the marine environment assessments. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction of sewerage system in Meedhoo island Date July 2014 Client MWSC Location Meedhoo island, Raa Atoll Project Component Assessment of marine and ground water components. Contact name Mr. Mohamed Rasheed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the assessment of the marine and ground water involvements environments including data collection.

Name of the Report Initial assessment report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date June 2014 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Development of an Artificial Reef Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work / feasibility assessment and report writing.

Name of the Report Technical report for the development of a coral reef in Faafu Atoll Date May 2014 Client EON Resort / Boston Consulting Group Location Faafu Atoll Project Component Development of islands Contact name Mr.Krishna Chalise

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 10

Nature of my Lead Consultant for planning and executing the bathymetric surveys and involvements preparation of technical report for the client.

Name of the Report ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the redevelopment of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date February 2014 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Coastal Environmental Report for Meradhoo Island (Jumeirah Dhevanafushi) Date March 2014 Client CDL Hospitality Group / Singapore

Location Meradhoo Island, Gaafu Alifu Atoll Project Component Coastal Protection / feasibility Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the development of a resort in Thanburudhoo Island Date February 2014 Client Telos Investments

Location K.Thanburudhoo Island, North Male’ Atoll Project Component EIA report Contact Person Mr. Gunner Lee Miller Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report Coastal management and assessment report for Park Hyatt Hadaha Date February 2014 Client Park Hyatt

Location Hadaha Island, Gaafu Alifu Atoll Project Component Coastal Assessment / Coastal management Contact Person Mr. Assad Ali Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Coral reef monitoring report Date Jan 2014 Client Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Coral Reef monitoring Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including coral reef survey assessments and involvements report writing.

Name of the Report EIA for the resort development at Kandholhudhoo island Date Jan 2014 Client Universal Resorts Location Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component EIA Contact name Mr.Ibrahim Ali Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine environment assessment. involvements Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 11

Name of the Report EIA addendum report for unloading rock boulders in Dharavandhoo island Date Jan 2014 Client Coastline Hotels and Resorts Location Baa Atoll Project Component EIA Contact name Mr. Hussain Fulhu Nature of my Lead Consultant for the environment assessment and report writing. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction and setup of an STP Date October 2013 Client Adaaran Location Hudhuranfushi, North Male’ Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the construction and harbour at Gulhi Island Date August 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Gulhi Island, South Male’ Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA Feasibility report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date September 2013 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Development of a Artificial Reef Contact Number Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of a resort in Dhoores Island. Date August 2013 Client Vermillion Location Dhoores Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Development of a resort on an uninhabited island. Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of roads in Hanimaadhoo Date July 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Hanimaadhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine and socio-economic surveys. involvements Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Eydhafushi island Date July 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Eydhafushi Island Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine surveys and preparation of the report. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the setup of an RO plant in Guraidhoo Date June 2013 Client MWSC Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 12

Location Guraidhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine, ground water and socio-economic surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of road in Kudahuvadhoo Date June 2013 Client Road Corporation Location Kudahuvadhoo Island Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine, surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the project concept change at Maavelaavaru Island Date June 2013 Client Athama Investments Location Maavelavaru Island, Noonu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine, surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Guraidhoo island Date June 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Guraidhoo Island, Thaa Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Meedhoo island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Meedhoo Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Kudahuvadhoo island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Kudahuvadhoo Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Marine environment surveys Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Thulusdhoo island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Thulusdhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll Project Component Marine environment surveys Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Maafushi island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Maafushi Island, South Male’ Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 13

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Bodugiri in North Male’ Atoll. Date April 2013 Client STO Location North Male’ Atoll Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the harbour rehabilitation in Kurendhoo island. Date March 2013 Client Ministry of environment Location Lhaviyani Atoll. Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Utheemu Date February 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Utheemu island, Haa Alif Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Hulhumale 2nd phase

Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Hulhumale Island Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Vashafaru island Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Vashafaru island, Haa Alif Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the rehabilitation of harbour in Kumundhoo Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Kumundhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the rehabilitation of harbour in Vaikaradhoo island Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Vaikaradhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Kunahandhoo island Date January 2013 Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 14

Client Ministry of Housing Location Kunahandhoo Island, Laamu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the rehabilitation of harbour in Maavah island Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Maavah Island, Laamu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Dhanbidhoo Island, Laamu Atoll Date December 2012 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Dhanbidhoo Island, Laamu Atoll Project Component Development of a harbour Contact Number Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for undertaking marine survey assessment, aerial involvements photography and coastal assessment and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Naifaru Island, Lhaviyani Atoll Date December 2012 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Naifaru Island, Lhaviyani Atoll Project Component Development of a harbour Contact Number Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for undertaking marine survey assessment, aerial involvements photography and coastal assessment and report writing.

Name of the EIA Addendum to the ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date September 2012 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Dhunikolhu Resort, Baa Atoll Date August 2012 Client Sunland Hotels

Location Baa Atoll Dhunikolhu Island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Nature of my Lead Environment consultant for the marine surveys and assessment. involvements

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Boduhithi Resort, Baa Atoll Date August 2012 Client Sunland Hotels

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 15

Location Boduhithi Island, North Male’ Atoll Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Nature of my Lead Environment consultant for the marine surveys and assessment. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the repair and rehabilitation of the sea water intake pipe line of STELCO. Date June 2012 Client STELCO

Location Male’ Project Component Marine surveys Contact Number Nature of my Lead Environment consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of over water villas at Hudhuranfushi resort Date May 2012 Client Adaaran Resorts Location K.Hudhuranfushi (Lhohifushi) Project Component Development of new water villas Contact Number Mr. Vijay Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA of resort Development at Vommuli island Date April 2012 Client Maldives resort pvt ltd Location Dhaalu Atoll Vommuli island Project Component Development of the entire island to a resort Contact Number Mr. Shaaheen. 7777650 Nature of my EIA consultant advising the architects on developing the concept, involvements identifying appropriate locations for water villas and jetty construction and also guiding them in designing and locating the structures on the island so that minimal disruption to the coastal environment will occur.

Name of the EIA EIA of beach replenishment and coastal modification, Date April 2012 Client Villa Hotels Location Royal island, Baa Atoll Project Component Beach replenishment in some areas and extraction of sand from some areas with high accretion Contact Person Mr.Thihaan, Manager, Royal Island resort Nature of my Involved in the mapping of eroding areas and also undertaking the marine involvements environment surveys.

Name of the EIA EIA of Kudahithi Redevelopment Date April 2012 Client Coco Palm Resorts Location Kudahithi island, North Kaafu Atoll Project Component Rehabilitation of the beach including nourishment Contact Person Mr. Adam, Coco palm Resorts Nature of my Involved in the coastal assessment and undertaking marine surveys involvements including identifying areas for sand borrowing and developing methodologies for nourishment of sand.

Name of the EIA EIA of Dhonakulhi Redevelopment Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 16

Date March 2012 Client Island Hideaway Location Dhonakulhi island, Haa Alif Atoll Project Component Redevelopment of the resort Contact Person Mr. Hafeez, 7773233 Nature of my Lead EIA consultant for the project including undertaking marine and involvements coastal surveys.

Name of the EIA EIA of development of a sewerage system Date February 2012 Client Shin Nipppon Location Meemu Atoll Kolhufushi island Project Component Development of a new sewerage network Contact Person Mr. Saman Adhihetty. [email protected] Nature of my EIA consultant for the project including assessment of groundwater involvements resources and quantification of freshwater availability. Also assist the team in identifying best locations for outfall as well as treatment tanks. Also designed and analysed the willingness to pay survey in the island.

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Thimarafushi second phase Date December 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Thimarafushi island, Thaa Atoll Project Component Reclamation of the island lagoon, second phase Contact Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my Lead EIA consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA For the proposed upgrading and development of the Regional Port, Kulhudhufushi, Haa Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives Date November 2011 Client Kulhudhufushi Port Limited Location Kulhudhufushi island, Haa Dhaal Atoll Project Component Upgrading of Kulhudhufushi Port Contact Kulhudhufushi Port Limited Nature of my Lead EIA consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA For the proposed development of a mooring area Date November 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Mathikomandoo, Shaviyani Atoll Project Component Development of a mooring area Contact Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my EIA consultant, undertaking marine and island surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development and upgrading of harbour Date November 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Mulah, Meemu Atoll Project Component Redevelopment of Mulah harbour Contact Person Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my Assistant EIA consultant including undertaking bathymetry surveys and involvements marine assessments.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of road Date August 2011 Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 17

Client Southern utilities Location Hithadhoo island, Addu Atoll Project Component Development of a new roads for SAARC summit Contact Person Mr. Zareer, Southern Utilities Nature of my Assessment of vegetation clearing and undertaking vegetation surveys, involvements undertaking marine surveys in areas of the lagoon where sediment was borrowed to level the roads. Also extensive mapping was undertaken in the project site to determine the boundary and extent.

Name of the EIA EIA for the For the proposed development of a Marina at Hulhumale lagoon, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

Date July 2011 Client Housing Development Cooperation (HDC) Location Hulhumale, North Male’ Atoll Project Component Development of a marina Contact HDC Nature of my Lead EIA consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA addendnum for For the Proposed Airport Development in Dharavandhoo, Baa Atoll

Date June 2011 Client Coastline Hotels and Resorts Location Dharavandhoo island, Baa Atoll Project Component Change in reclamation concept Contact Person Mr. Gahthan Haleem Nature of my Lead consultant for the project including mapping and undertaking marine involvements assessments for the report.

Name of the EIA EIA of Harbor Rehabilitation in Biledhoo, Faafu Atoll, Date May 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location F. Biledhoo Project Component Rehabilitation of the Harbour at F. Biledhoo Contact Number Shaana Farooq, Project Coordinator at Ministry of Housing and Environment, Director, 3004300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant, Environment consultant for the coastal component of involvements the project

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed concept change in Vagaru, Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives

Date March 2011 Client Vagaru holdings Pvt.Ltd Location Sh. Vagaru Project Component Resort development at Sh. Vagaru Contact Number Dilip Kumar, Finance Controller- Projects, 333 9992 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the environmental involvements infrastructure component of the EIA

Name of the EIA INITAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION For the proposed convention centre at Hithadhoo Date January 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Hithadhoo, Addu City Project Component Development of the convention centre at Hithadhoo for the SAARC Summit

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 18

Contact Number Shaana Farooq, Project Coordinator at Ministry of Housing and Environment, Director, 3004300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the environmental involvements infrastructure component of the EIA

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date January 2011 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the Coastal involvements Component

Name of the EIA SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT for the Expansion and Modernization of Malé International Airport

Date November 2010 Client GMR Malé International Airport Private Limited Location Malé International Airport, Hulhule Project Component Expansion and Modernization of Malé International Airport Contact Number P. Sripathy, Managing Director +918040432000 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant, Environment consultant for the coastal component of involvements the project

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed Upgrade and Redevelopment in Thudufushi Resort, South Ari Atoll, Maldives Date June 2010 Client Voyages Maldives Location ADh. Thudhufushi Project Component Resort development Contact Number Mohamed Shafeegu, Director, 7784933 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant, Environment consultant for the coastal component of involvements the project

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT For the Proposed 1000 houses in Hulhumale, Maldives Date May 2010 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Hulhumale, Project Component Housing Contact Number Ahmed Saleem, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the redevelopment of Moofushi resort Date June 2009 Client Constance Hotels and Resorts, Mauritius Location Moofushi island resort, Alif Dhaal Atoll Project Component Redevelopment of Moofushi resort Contact Number Constance Hotels and Resorts

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 19

Nature of my EIA consultant for the project including helping clients develop the project involvements concept including guiding the architects in locating of new structures, jetties.

Name of the EIA EIA for the proposed water bottling plant at Hulhumalé Industrial Area Date May 2009 Client Handy Industries Pvt Ltd Location Hulhumalé Project Component Water bottling plant at Hulhumalé Industrial Area Contact Number Hassan Saeed, Project Manger, Director, 7774888 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the environmental involvements infrastructure component of the EIA

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed Upgrade and Redevelopment in Athuruga resort, South Ari Atoll, Maldives

Date May 2009 Client Voyages Maldives Location Athuruga Island Resort Project Component Upgrade and Redevelopment in Athuruga resort Contact Number Mohamed Shafeegu, Director, 7784933 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the coastal component involvements of the poject

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the the Development of a Boat Yard and Slipway at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll, Maldives Date April 2009 Client Veyla Travels and Tours Pvt. Ltd Location Kaashidhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll Project Component Development of a boat yard Contact Veyla Travels and Tours Pvt. Ltd Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the coastal component involvements of the project

Name of the EIA INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION for the proposed construction of a jetty joining Thulusdhoo and Thulusdhoo - Huraagandu, Kaafu Atoll, Maldives

Date February 2009 Client Thulusdhoo Island council Location Thulusdhoo Project Component Construction of a jetty Contact Number Mohamed, 645553 Nature of my EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA For the proposed modification for the original development concept in Hadahaa island, Gaafu Alif Atoll, Maldives

Date May 2009 Client Driftwood Maldives Location Hadaha, Gaa Alif Atoll Project Component Concept change for the originally developed concept. Contact Driftwood Maldives Nature of my Lead EIA consultant for the project. involvements

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 20

Social and Environmental Impact Assessment for the setup of a drinking water supply network in Thinadhoo, Gaafu Dhaal atoll, Maldives; September 2008 Lead EIA consultant for data collection and report writing.

Environmental Impact assessment for the redevelopment of Bolifushi resort, South Male’ Atoll; August 2008 EIA consultant for data collection and Marine environmental surveys and preparation of marine survey findings.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the Proposed Refurbishment of Adaaran Club Rannaalhi, South Male’ Atoll, Maldives; April 2008. Lead EIA consultant for data collection and report writing

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT for the Restoration of Beach at Royal Island Resort and Spa, March 2008 Lead EIA consultant for data collection and report writing

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the Proposed Redevelopment of Vaadhoo Island resort, South Male’ Atoll, Maldives, March 2008 Lead EIA Consultant for the project.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Hirilandhoo Island, Thaa Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Mathiveri Island, Alif Alif Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Kendhoo Island, Baa Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Makunudhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Ungoofaaru Island, Raa Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Manadhoo Island, Noonu Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the redevelopment of Lily Beach Resort, Alifu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives (June 2007) Lead EIA Consultant for data collection including bathymetric surveys and report writing.

Projects, programmes, research or activities participated in or contributed to

Workshop on Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance (April 29 –1st May, 2007, Khulhudhufushi, Haa Dhaal atoll) Managing and leading the workshop. Presentation on water quality monitoring and surveillance, including ground water and rainwater. Teaching community members on how to assess water quality and undertake surveys and do monitoring work.

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 21

Bathymetric Survey of Emboodhoo Finolhu Island (Taj Exotica Resort), South Male’ Atoll, Maldives (April 2007) Detailed bathymetric survey of the island’s northern lagoon using sonar equipment and differential GPS.

Bathymetric Survey of Olhuveli Island, Laamu Atoll, Maldives (30-31 March 2007) Detailed bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon using sonar equipment and differential GPS. Survey also include identifying and mapping coral patches, specific shallow and deep areas and other ecosystems such as sand banks within the lagoon system.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Noonu atoll Kudafaree, Maldives (March 2007) Preparation of the IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Meemu Dhiggaru, Maldives (March 2007) Preparation of the IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Gaafu Dhaal Dhaandhoo, Maldives (March 2007) Data collection for the IEA including noise and particulate matter levels during peak and off peak hours. Preparation of the IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Laamu Dambidhoo, Maldives (March 2007) Preparation of an IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Groundwater assessment of Noonu Atoll Manadhoo, Maldives (Jan 2007) Data collection including assessing groundwater quality and setting baseline parameters for the preparation of an EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in the island.

Groundwater assessment of Raa atoll Ungoofaaru, Maldives (Jan 2007) Data collection including assessing groundwater quality and setting baseline parameters for the preparation of an EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in the island.

EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Daalu atoll Meedhoo, Maldives (Jan 2007) Data collection including assessing groundwater quality and setting baseline parameters. Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Laamu atoll Dambidhoo, Maldives (Dec 2006) Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Naridhoo island, Haa Alif atoll, Maldives (Dec 2006) Assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA.

Shoreline survey of Cocoa Palm island Resort, Maldives (Oct 2006) Mapping the island’s shore line, vegetation line, high tide line, reef line and the extent of erosion. Setting up baseline GIS maps to assess the extent of coastal damage.

Survey of Royal Island Resort and Spa, Baa atoll, Maldives (Oct 2006) Mapping the island’s shore line and setting up baseline GIS maps to assess the extent of coastal damage.

Addendum to EIA for the resort development in Noonu Maavelaavaru, Maldives (Sep 2006) Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Vaavu Felidhoo, Maldives (Sep 2006) Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the redevelopment of villivaru resort in Male’ Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2006) Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Mapping the island including, broad bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon and reef extent .

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Medhafushi island, Noonu Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2006) Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 22

Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon using differential GPS and echosounder.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Gaakoshibi island, Maldives (Sep 2006) Assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Vagaru island, Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives (Aug 2006) Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Mapping the island and setting up baseline GIS maps for monitoring purposes. Broad bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon.

Bathymetric survey of Giraavaru Island resort, Male’ atoll, Maldives (June 2006) Broad bathymetric survey of the islands lagoon system using GPS and ecosounder. Mapping the limits of the reef line.

Mapping and bathymetric survey of Halaveli Island resort, Alif atoll, Maldives (May 2006) Mapping the island including shore and vegetation line and generating maps including the islands existing coastal infrastructure and entrance channel. Broad bathymetric survey of the islands lagoon system using GPS and ecosounder.

Workshop on Drinking Water quality monitoring and surveillance (May 14 - 16, 2006, Meemu atoll) Presentation on water quality monitoring and surveillance, including ground water and rainwater. Teaching community members on how to assess water quality and undertake surveys and do monitoring work. Managing and leading the workshop

Workshop on Drinking Water quality monitoring and surveillance (Jan, 2006, Raa atoll) Presentation on water quality monitoring and surveillance, including ground water and rainwater. Teaching community members on how to assess water quality and undertake surveys and do monitoring work. Managing and leading the workshop

Mapping newly renovated Olhuveli Island resort and spa, South Male’ atoll, Maldives (April 2006) Mapping the island including shore and vegetation line and generating maps including newly reclaimed land mass.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Seenu Villingilli, Maldives (March 2006) Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Mapping the island and setting up baseline GIS maps for monitoring purposes.

Mapping and baseline groundwater survey of Kurendhoo Island in Lhaviyani atoll, Maldives (April 2006) Mapping the entire island including shore and vegetation line and setting up GIS base maps for water quality for a sewerage system design.

Erosion study for Royal Island Resort and Spa, Maldives (February 2006) Baseline data collection and assessment of the coastal aspects of the study. Mapping the island’s shore line and setting up baseline GIS maps for monitoring erosion.

EIA for the establishment of Kaafu Maafushi island’s sewerage system, Maldives (November 2005) Baseline data collection and assessment of the groundwater and terrestrial environment.

EIA for the establishment of Kaafu Guraidhoo’s sewerage system, Maldives (November 2005) Baseline data collection and assessment of the groundwater and terrestrial environment .

EIA of Viligilimathidahura reclamation and development, Maldives (October 2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna and socio- economic impacts.

EIA of the Fourth Power Project for STELCO (August 2005) Assessment and reporting of the health impacts of the project.

EIA of Boduhithi Resort redevelopment, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

EIA of Kudahithi Resort redevelopment, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

EIA of Maavelavaru Resort redevelopment, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 23

EIA of Kalhufahalafushi Resort Development, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial and water quality aspects.

EIA of Alidhoo Resort Development, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

EIA of Horizon Fisheries Complex, Laamu Atoll, Maldives(2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the marine and beach water quality, land contamination and coastal aspects.

EIA of Lonudhoohutaa Resort Development, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

Rapid Assessment of groundwater and rainwater in selected islands of Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaal atoll, Maldives (March 2005) Rapid assessment and reporting of the groundwater and rainwater conditions to assess the impact of tsunami in seven islands.

Rapid Assessment of groundwater and rainwater status in selected islands of Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaal atoll, Maldives (March 2005) Rapid assessment and reporting of the groundwater conditions to assess the impact of tsunami in two islands.

Rapid Assessment of groundwater in selected islands of Laamu atoll, Maldives (Jan 2005) Rapid assessment and reporting of the groundwater conditions to assess the impact of tsunami in seven islands

Presentation on Waste management and recycling opportunities in the Maldives (27-29 October 2002). Local Consultant for CDE Pvt Ltd. International Workshop on Environmental Management and Sustainable Tourism 27-29 October, Paradise Island, Maldives. Presentation on Waste management and recycling opportunities in the Maldives given at the workshop held jointly by Villa Hotels and International Finance Cooperation. The aim of the workshop was to adopt Environmental Management Systems at Villa Hotels.

Publicity campaign for the First Regional Development Project, Maldives (March 29 - 30, 2002). Local Consultant for Business and Financial Services (BFS) Pvt Ltd. Presentation on water resource management, especially on protecting ground water and application of various methods to protect groundwater pollution, Waste management with special emphasis on the first regional development project in the Maldives and environmental protection, especially wetlands and their relationship to groundwater.

Workshop on Drinking Water safety and sanitation (Jan 14 - 18, 2002) Presentation on water resource management, especially on protecting ground water and application of various methods to protect groundwater pollution. Workshop held to provide information to the community and school children at A.dh Dhangethi island, Dhaal Ribudoo Island, Meemu Muli and Vaavu Keyodhoo Island, Maldives

Workshop on Water and Sanitation (Jan 5 - 7, 2002) Presentation on Environmental protection given at the Workshop held to provide information to leaders of islands, teachers, health workers in Ari Atoll, Maldives A.dh Mahibadhoo, Maldives

Comparative Study on Indoor Air pollution (Nov 28-Dec 2, 2001) Assessment of the status of Indoor air pollution in Addu Atoll, Maldives to compare data with Male’, conducted by Ministry of Health, Maldives

Joint ground water research of Maamigili island, Maldives (October 20, 2001) Ground water quality assessment survey of the island of Maamigilli island in Ari Atoll, Maldives conducted by MWSA, Maldives.

Joint ground water research of Fuvah Mulaku Island, Maldives (November 2000) Ground water quality assessment survey of the Island of Fuvah Mulah, Maldives Conducted as part of the V & A assessment study by Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment.

Joint ground water research survey of Bodu Rehaa island, Maldives (November 2000) Ground water quality assessment survey of the Island of Bodu Rehaa, Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. Conducted as part of the V & A assessment study Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment.

Joint ground water research survey of Hithaadhoo Island, Maldives (November 2000)

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 24

Ground water quality assessment survey of the Island of Hithaadhoo Island in Baa Atoll, Maldives. Conducted as part of the V & A assessment research. Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment.

Employment

Director (June 2005 to present) Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, An Environmental Consultancy firm

Research Student (July 2007 to 2009) Lanka Hydraulics Institute undertaking part time research in Maldives as part of a PhD research programme.

Senior Environmental Analyst (18 September 2005 – 22 July 2007) Maldives Water and sanitation Authority, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (4 Jan 2005 – 18 September 2005) Maldives Water and sanitation Authority, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (Sep 2001 – 24 Feb 2003) Maldives Water and sanitation Authority, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (Aug 2000 – Sep 2001) Health Education Unit, Ministry of Health, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (Dec 1999 – Aug 2000) Environmental Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Republic of Maldives

General Secretary (December 1999 – August 2001) Tennis Association of Maldives, Male’, Republic of Maldives

Secretary (Jan 1993 - Feb 1996) Planning and Coordination Section, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Maldives

Secretary (1992- December 1995) Soft Tennis Association of Maldives, Male, Maldives

Public Health Officer (May 1993 - Dec 1993) Food Safety and Epidemic Control Section, Department of Public Health, Republic of Maldives

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 25

Achievements

NZAID Scholarship, 2003 Awarded a New Zealand Government Scholarship (NZAID) to undertake a Masters programme in Public Health at University of Auckland (2003-2004).

Third place in the photography division (April 2005) Exhibition organized by WHO and Ministry of Health on the occasion of World Health Day

Third Place in the Photography Division (October 2001) First Youth Exhibition, Male’, Maldives Organized by the Youth Center, Ministry of Youth and Sports, Male’, Maldives

Kodak KPAN Black and White Photographer of the year (Jan 1996) Organized by KODAK, 1995, Republic of Maldives

2nd place, in the Advance and Technical Photography Exhibition (October 1995) Ministry of Youth, Women’s Affairs and Sports, Male’, Maldives

3rd place, in the Advance and October 1995 Technical Photography Exhibition, Ministry of Youth, Women’s Affairs and Sports

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 26

Participation in seminars, conferences, workshops, short courses and training

Biennial conference and Exhibition of Water Institute of South Africa (WISA) 21-25 May 2006, Durban, South Africa

12th International Rainwater Catchment Systems Conference 15-18 November 2005, New Delhi, India. Presented a Paper of issues of rainwater harvesting in Maldives.

ISO 14000 Advance Training on Environmental Management Systems Auditing 13-18 June 2005, New Delhi, India

Asia Pacific Regional Consultation on water and poverty 22 – 26 September 2002, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Seminar on Forward Thinking Policies of Groundwater Management; Energy, Water Resources and Economic Approaches 2 – 6 September 2002; New Delhi, India

International Training course on “Environmental Sanitation – Solutions and Management” 2 – 12 July 2002, Trivandrum, India

Workshop on Concept and Application of IUCN categories to Protected Areas Nasandhura Palace Hotel, Male’, Maldives, (Nov 7-8, 2001)

Workshop on Facilitation skills 14-18 October 2001, UNICEF/MWSA, Male’, Maldives

Congress of the Asian Soft Tennis Federation, Saga City, Japan, October 2000

Training Workshop on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Male’, Maldives, August 2000

Training Workshop on Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment Bandos Island Resort, April 2000

First Sports Medicine Workshop Ministry of Youth, Women’s Affairs and Sports, 11 March 1995, Male’, Maldives

Workshop on Techniques of Script – Writing for Educational Radio Programmes UNICEF and Department of Public Health, 10th –14 July 1993, Male’, Maldives

Workshop on Production of Health Educational Materials on Family Planning & AIDS Department of Public Health, 29th April 1993, Male’, Maldives

International Coaches Programme, International Tennis Federation, 16th December 1990, Male’, Maldives

Computer and IT Experience

2006 Designing and maintenance of “Budget Maldives” web site.

www.budgetmaldives.com

2005 Designing and maintenance of “Water Solutions” web site.

www.water-solutions.biz

2003 Designing and maintenance of “Photography of Amu” web site.

www.amooo.com Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 27

2003 Designing and development of the Website for Ranveli Resort and Spa in the Maldives. Website for Shaviyani Atoll www.ranveli.com.mv

2003 Designing and maintenance of the first Website for an atoll in the Maldives. Website for Shaviyani Atoll www.shaviyani.gov.mv

2002 Development of an incident database for Department of Civil Aviation, Maldives Jointly developed with Ahmed Zahid.

2002 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Maldives Surfing Association www.maldivesurf.org.mv

2002 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Hulhumale Development Unit (currently restricted) www.hdu.gov.mv

2002 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Web Foundation. www.web.org.mv

2000-2001 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Tennis Association of Maldives

2000-2001 Designing and programming of the first interactive CD-ROM on Male’, Republic of Maldives (samples available upon request)

2003 Designing and programming of the first interactive CD-ROM on Surfing in Male’, Maldives (samples available upon request)

Other professional work and experience

Organizational skills

2000 Experience in organizing and managing 3 national level tennis tournaments in the year 2000 in Maldives.

Photography

2001 Photography assignment for UNICEF Maldives to photograph the available fruits and vegetables in the Addo atoll region of Maldives.

Most of the photography work for the year 2000 diary published by Libaas Pvt Ltd.on Maldivian handicrafts

Most of the photography work for the year 2001 diary published by Libaas Pvt Ltd, Maldives on Historical mosques

Various government photography project experiences

Various other private photography project experiences.

Script writing

2002 Writing video documentary script on Cervical Cancer for a 15 minute educational video Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 28

Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Oral Cancer for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on TB for a 15 minute educational video Client: Chest Clinic Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Kidney Failure for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Sexually Transmitted Diseases for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Mental Health for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Pap Smear for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Hand Foot and Mouth Disease for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Food Safety for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Environmental Health for a 15 minute educational video Client: Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

Video and Film making

2001 One hour film on the first body boarding championship “National Varunulaa Challenge” held in Male’, August 2001. Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 29

Miscellaneous

November 2000 Manager Maldives Soft Tennis Team participating in the 4th Asian Soft Tennis Championship (Maldives won the 3rd place in the team consolation event) 1-5 November 2000 Saga City, Japan

May 2000 Manager Maldives Tennis Team participating in the Sri Lankan National Junior Hard Court Tennis Championship Colombo, Sri Lanka

January 2000 Manager Maldives Junior Tennis Team participating in the ITF under 18 Junior Ranking Tournament Colombo, Sri Lanka

October 1995 Manager Maldives Soft Tennis Team participating in the 10th World Soft Tennis Championship (Maldives was the champion in the team consolation event) Gifu City, Japan

October 1992 Player / Manager The 2nd Asian Soft Tennis Championship Oct 21-24 Jakarta, Indonesia

Referees

Mr.Brent Powis Director WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Sydney, Australia

Tel: 02 4570 1660 Fax: 02 4570 1660 Email: [email protected]

Mr. Navi Litidamu Lecturer and Department Head Department of Environmental Health Fiji School of Medicine Suva, Fiji

Mr. Ahmed Zahid Consultant, Environment Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd Male’ Maldives

Signed: ______Date: ______Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 30

Curriculum Vitae of Environmental Consultant

1. POSITION : Junior Environmental Consultant

2. NAME : Abdulla Fazeel

3. CONTACT DETAILS H. Gurus Muithoshi Goalhi Male’ Maldives Mobile:+(960) 9669483

4. DATE OF BIRTH : 25th January 1995

5. NATIONALITY : Maldivian

6. EDUCATION : Bachelor of Marine Science

James Cook University, Australia 2017 General Certificate of Education (GCE) Advanced Level Edexcel Examinations, HSC Examinations 2013 General Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary Level University of Cambridge International Examinations, SSC Examinations 2010

8. OTHER TRAINING

7. LANGUAGE & DEGREE OF Speaking Writing Reading PROFICIENCY : English Excellent Excellent Excellent Dhivehi Mother tongue Mother tongue Mother tongue

8. MEMBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES : -

9. COUNTRIES OF WORK EXPERIENCE : Maldives

10. EMPLOYMENT RECORD :

FROM: July 2013 To: November 2013 EMPLOYER Elections Commission POSITION HELD AND Administrative Office DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES Voter Registration

FROM: January 2014 To: November 2014 EMPLOYER Marine Research Center POSITION HELD AND Assistant Research Officer DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES Grouper and Aquarium fish Proforma entry Assist with lab and Maniyafushi field station work

FROM: 18th February 2018 To: Present EMPLOYER Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd. POSITION HELD AND Junior Environmental Consultant DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES Undertake field surveys required for environmental studies, development and monitoring. Preparing EIA and environmental monitoring reports.

Page (1)

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

-

CERTIFICATION:

I, THE UNDERSIGNED, confirm that:

(i) To the best of my knowledge, this CV correctly describes myself, my qualifications, and my experience (ii) I have given my full consent to be included in this Proposal (iii) I am available for the assignment as indicated/scheduled in this Proposal.

Abdulla Fazeel

Page (2) Curriculum Vitae of Environmental Consultant

1. POSITION : Junior Environmental Consultant

2. NAME : Nashfa Nashidh

3. CONTACT DETAILS M.Dhonalhamaage Shaheedh Ali Hingun Male’ Maldives Mobile:+(960) 9533094

4. DATE OF BIRTH : 20th March 1994

5. NATIONALITY : Maldivian

6. EDUCATION : Bachelor of Science with Honours in Environment Science

University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia, 2017 General Certificate of Education (GCE) Advanced Level Edexcel Examinations, HSC Examinations 2013 General Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary Level University of Cambridge International Examinations, SSC Examinations 2010

8. OTHER TRAINING

7. LANGUAGE & DEGREE OF Speaking Writing Reading PROFICIENCY : English Excellent Excellent Excellent Dhivehi Mother tongue Mother tongue Mother tongue

8. MEMBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES : -

9. COUNTRIES OF WORK EXPERIENCE : Maldives

10. EMPLOYMENT RECORD :

FROM: May 2014 To: August 2014 EMPLOYER Ibrahim Nasir International Airport POSITION HELD AND Load control officer DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES Weight balance and trimming of aircrafts

FROM: July 2013 To: September 2013 EMPLOYER Elections Commissions POSITION HELD AND Officer DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES Data Entry

FROM: 10th September 2017 To: Present EMPLOYER Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd. POSITION HELD AND Environmental Consultant DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES Undertake field surveys required for environmental studies, development and monitoring. Preparing EIA and environmental monitoring reports.

Page (1)

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Landhoo Island, Noonu Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 3 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Utheemu Island, Haa Alif Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 4 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Omadhoo Island, Alifu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 3 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Hangnaameedhoo Island, Alifu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 3 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Maavah Island, Laamu Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 10 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Collecting field data for the report and contributing to report writing

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Feeali Island, FaafuAtoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 10 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Collecting field data for the report and contributing to report writing

Project Name : Environmental monitoring report, Lhaviyani kanifushi Client : Atmosphere Kanifushi resort Period : 2017 Time Spent: 5 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Kaashidhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 4 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Utheemu Island, Haa Alif Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 4 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Page (2)

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Rasmaadhoo Island, Raa Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 4 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Project Name : For the construction and setup of a sewerage system in Maakurathu Island, Raa Atoll, Maldives Client : Ministry of Environment and Energy Period : 2017 Time Spent: 5 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

Project Name : Addendum 1 to the Environmental Impact Assessment Client : Bon Free Pvt. Ltd. Period : 2018 Time Spent: 7 days Position Held : Junior Environment Consultant Duties : Contributing to report writing

CERTIFICATION:

I, THE UNDERSIGNED, confirm that:

(i) To the best of my knowledge, this CV correctly describes myself, my qualifications, and my experience (ii) I have given my full consent to be included in this Proposal (iii) I am available for the assignment as indicated/scheduled in this Proposal.

Nashfa Nashidh

Page (3)

For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

25 Annex: Methodologies used

Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 121 For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

BLANK PAGE

Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 122 1 . 1 Introduction

The annex describes detail methodologies used to collect data on the existing environment for EIA studies in the Maldives. For EIA studies in the Maldives, various methodologies are used and the type and methods vary for different projects. Almost all projects will utilize some general data collection methodologies in combination of various other methods. The following section outlines the data collection methodologies that are used in Maldives and their description.

1 . 2 General Methodologies of Data Collection

In this method, the condition of the existing environment is analyzed using appropriate scientific methods. The environmental components of the study area are focused for terrestrial, marine and coastal environment depending on the specific projects. In general, for any project that requires the study of the marine environment, the marine environment of the island is studied including the coral reef and the lagoon. Focus is given on specific areas of the island’s reef which is expected to have the greatest impact as a result of the proposed project. Coastal environmental data collection involves mapping the shoreline, taking beach profiles from selected locations, identifying and mapping costal defense structures and assessing the coastal environment for erosion or accretion. Terrestrial data collection usually includes creating a terrestrial map of the island or a specific area.

1 . 3 Mapping and Location Identification

The island, lagoon, reef or specific areas of islands or a project site is mapped, including shore line, vegetation line, reef lines, existing mature trees, coastal defense structures or other significant topographic features. Mapping is undertaken using hand held differential GPS and available aerial photos. The location of data collection sites are marked using handheld GPS. These data collection points includes marine water sampling locations, marine survey locations, existing groynes and sea walls, mature trees, breakwaters, protected or archaeological sites, erosion prone areas, sand spits, beach rocks etc.

1 . 4 Marine Environment Surveys

Marine environmental surveys were conducted to collect data on key environmental components (i.e. the coral reef system and the lagoon), that will be impacted due to the project. Four methods are primarily used to collect data, namely:  Line Intercept transects (LIT’s)  Detail photo quadrate analysis,  Fish census and  Visual observations.

Purpose of the survey is to define and establish marine environmental baseline conditions for impact evaluation during and after a project. Surveys are based on standard marine environmental surveys so that they can be repeatedly carried out to monitor and record changes and assess possible impacts on the marine environment from the proposed work activities. Surveys include quantitative and qualitative methods. In addition, photos are taken along the reef survey sites and the length of the lagoon.

1 . 5 Line Intercept Transects (LIT)

Line Intercept Transect (LIT) surveys are carried out to assess the benthic types and species at the survey sites. This method uses life form categories to assess the benthic sessile community of reefs and it is possible to incorporate taxonomic data as well. LIT surveys can be used to evaluate the community structure of corals in terms of species composition and

Annex: Methodology - Page 2 diversity patterns in different zones on a reef. LIT method also provides a rapid estimate of percent cover of corals, algal cover, and cases of other prominent organisms as well as bare substratum.

Quantitative percent cover of the reef community can be obtained using this method and it can be repeated over time to obtain changes over a period of time. Disadvantages of this method include difficulty in standardizing the life form categories and the limitation of the data collected, to information on percent cover and relative abundance (English et al. 1997). LIT surveys produce valuable data even though they are time consuming and require considerable effort and skills to record notes underwater (Segal & Castro 2001). A line transect of 20m length is normally used, but transect lengths can vary depending on the surveyor.

1 . 6 Photo quadrate analysis

Photo transect coral reef survey method is used to quantify the data of coral reef benthic communities i.e. live corals and their types, other benthos, dead corals and other reef substrate. This method is used to support the LIT surveys or as an alternative to line transect. A series of photographs are taken along the transect line (usually 20 m each) using an underwater camera. These photographs are combined to form a photo-composite. Photo- composite of the mapped area of the reef are then analyzed using computer software. It provided a detail record of individual corals, sandy or rubble area and other benthos to a mapped area. The photographs not only allowed speedy collection of data in the field, but also provided a permanent record of the transect line, which is useful for long-term monitoring of growth, mortality and recruitment.

Figure 1: Typical photo quadrate analysis

1 . 7 Qualitative assessment

Qualitative assessment of the reef or lagoon is based on visual observation by snorkeling and then comparing the result with underwater photos and aerial photographs.

Annex: Methodology - Page 3 1 . 8 P e r m a n e n t Photo Quadrats

This method involves taking still photographs of a fixed quadrat that are analyzed in the lab. It is useful to determine temporal change in shallow macrobenthos communities. Permanent photo-quadrats can also complement LITs and are suitable for small-scale questions and to follow the fate of individual colonies. Detailed temporal change can be determined for individual corals for biological condition, growth, mortality and recruitment. Data can be used to estimate percent cover, species diversity, relative abundance, density and size. Percentage cover of target organisms can be determined in the lab by either point sample methods by placing a grid cover the quadrat or by digitizing the image (digitizing is more expensive, time-consuming, requires special software and expertise). The precision depends on the apparatus used and the ability to take photo from exactly the same spot as well as observer differences for analysis.

On each designated Impact Sites squares of 50x50cm side length are placed randomly along the coral patches in about 1,5m depth. Still photos are taken and analyzed using the software CPCe 3.4 (Kohler and Gill 2006) with an equally spaced grid overlaid in 10 columns and 10 rows (100 points) per 50x50cm quadrat. Substrate categories are recorded and described. Statistical analysis is then undertaken using PAST software (PAlaeontological Statistics ver. 1.90, Øyvind Hammer).

All quadrats at the survey sites are permanently marked with square plastic markers for further monitoring studies. In addition, when possible, sub-surface buoys are installed at each Site close to the quadrats.

1 . 9 Reef fish Visual Census

Under water counts of reef fishes or underwater visual census (UVC) method is used to assess the fish population at an Impact Site and a Control Site. Visual counts appear to give reasonably reliable results provided that they are applied to fish that are non-cryptic and either diurnally active or at least evident by day. In this method, the surveyor swims along the transect paths above the reef, counting fish that were observed within 1,5m either side of the transect and above up to the water column. The same transects line as for the Visual Quadrat survey is normally utilized to carry out the fish census. Fish are counted along the 20 m transect path (that is in a belt of 1.5 m on either side and up to the water surface). To count the fish, the surveyor swims slowly along, counting fishes that are seen within the defined band transect, 20m long by 3m wide (i.e. one with a total area of 60m²). All fish encountered are recorded at least up to family level, some up to genus and species level, noted on the underwater slate immediately after they are seen. Counting any fish more than once is avoided by training and experience. Speed at which the path swum is controlled so as to standardize the efficiency of search. If the surveyor swims too fast it is easy to miss fish, especially of smaller species, that may be temporarily obscured by corals or rock or be taking shelter. Experience shows that the slower the surveyor swims, more fish that is recorded up to a point. However, the highest number recorded by moving along very slowly may actually be an over estimate of fish density. Hence it is necessary to standardize swimming speed to a slow but not too slow pace. The standard speed of swimming practiced is at a mean rate of 8m a minute. For results, only the most abundant fish families are taken into account, each representing one of the following functional groups: herbivores (Acanthuridae, Scaridae), omnivores (selected Labridae), corallivores (Chaetodontodae) as well as habitat specialists (Pomacentridae).

1 . 1 0 Marine Water Quality

One of the main environmental components that is affected by implementing a number of projects in Maldives is the marine water quality. Water quality is assessed during the field trip by collecting samples and testing them at National Health Laboratory. Water quality is

Annex: Methodology - Page 4 assessed from multiple locations depending on the project. The locations, frequency and parameters to be monitored are given in the EIA report.

1 . 1 1 Coastal environment

1 . 1 2 Shoreline and vegetation line mapping

The island’s shore line and vegetation lines are mapped during low, high and mid tides using a handheld GPS assisted by aerial photos. The data is then entered in to a GIS database and maps are generated.

1 . 1 2 . 1 Coastal structures mapping

Similar to the island’s shore line and vegetation lines, all the coastal infrastructures such as groynes, sea walls, revetments, offshore and near shore breakwaters are mapped using a handheld GPS assisted by aerial photos. The data is then entered in to a GIS database and maps are generated.

1 . 1 2 . 2 Erosion and Accretion areas mapping

Areas where severe erosion and accretion occurring are mapped using a handheld GPS. The data is then entered in to a GIS database and maps are generated and compared with previous available maps and satellite photos.

1 . 1 2 . 3 Beach Profiles

Dumpy levels were also used to survey around selected locations around the island and beach profiles were generated from these data. The location along the which the beach profiles were taken was marked using a GPS for future monitoring. When selecting locations, a permanent structure or object such as a building corner, larger mature tree or any other similar benchmark were identified for future reference. The final beach profiles are corrected to MSL and graphs developed.

1 . 1 2 . 4 Drogues and currents

Nearshore currents in the lagoon or reef were measured by deploying a handheld GPS in a watertight casing with a fin attached at the bottom. The GPS is deployed for a period of minimum 15 minutes during which time its displacement from the original position are recorded as a line. After 15 minutes, it is removed and deployed at another location. Once the data is collected, currents in a particular area is calculated by measuring the distance it has travelled by 15 minutes.

1 . 1 3 Terrestrial environment

1 . 1 3 . 1 Terrestrial floral survey

The baseline terrestrial environment of the project location is studied in detail by counting trees existing in the area, and gathering information available from island office or from other available sources. The survey concentrates on identifying vegetation types, their abundance and occurrence in a given area. The methods used to assess the tree types and abundance are using line transects. A measuring tape is used to set up the transect line which is selected randomly from within the project boundary. The surveyor measures and records the type of trees and their average heights. Average heights are estimated and so there is a greater degree of error in estimating the tree heights. The results are then tabulated to calculate the

Annex: Methodology - Page 5 percentage of different trees. In addition, records from island office / resort or other sources are also used to cross check the figures.

1 . 1 3 . 2 Terrestrial faunal survey

In depth faunal survey is not assessed but the types of fauna encountered during the floral transect is identified and recorded. Focus in given on specific fauna such as turtles, fruit bats, sea birds and other sensitive birds. Birds and their habitation patterns are also observed and recorded during the survey.

1 . 1 3 . 3 Ground Water Assessment

Groundwater quality is assessed by collecting samples from given locations selected randomly or from available points within the island using YSI 6820 multi parameter handheld water quality meter. In addition, water quality is also tested at the National Health Laboratory.

1 . 1 4 Coastal Environment

Data collected on coastal environment includes beach profiles, existing coastal structures (sea walls, breakwaters, groyns etc.), beach composition, beach width, shore line and vegetation line. All beach profile locations are marked on GPS maps and their geographical coordinates are marked on a map. Beach profiles are taken as baseline data to make comparisons during monitoring programme so that any changes resulting from the coastal or any other component of a project can be assessed accurately. Beach profiles are measured using auto levels, GPS and a staff.

1 . 1 5 B a t h y m e t r y

Bathymetric survey are undertaken in the lagoon or reef using Echosounder attached to a boat. The levels are then corrected for mean sea level and represented in a map. Bathymetric maps provide accurate estimates of depths in a particular lagoon or a reef.

1 . 1 6 Aerial photos

Aerials photos provide useful information such as assisting the analysis of marine environment, identifying wave patterns and changes to shoreline and also vulnerable areas of the island for all kinds of projects. Aerial photos are purchased from DigitalGlobe.

1 . 1 7 Available long term weather data

Long term available weather data is obtained from the nearest weather station to a project in Maldives, which is based in Male’ International Airport (Male’ atoll), Hanimaadhoo (Haa Dhaal Atoll), Kaadehdhoo (Gaaf Dhaal atoll and Gan island in Seenu atoll. These data sets are used to develop a regional model in ArcGIS to assess the vulnerable areas of the island or any other project during both monsoons, thus helping the EIA team to assess the vulnerable areas of the island for erosion and various other weather related issues.

Annex: Methodology - Page 6

For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

26 Annex: Construction schedule

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Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 124 LAND RECLAMATION AND SHORE PROTECTION AT K.HURA

ID Task Task Name Duration Qtr 4, 2018 Qtr 1, 2019 Qtr 2, 2019 Mode September 2018 October 2018 November 2018 December 2018 January 2019 February 2019 March 2019 April 2019 May 2019 June 2019 30 4 9 14 19 24 29 4 9 14 19 24 29 3 8 13 18 23 28 3 8 13 18 23 28 2 7 12 17 22 27 1 6 11 16 21 26 3 8 13 18 23 28 2 7 12 17 22 27 2 7 12 17 22 27 1 6 11 16 21 1 LAND RECLAMATION AND SHORE PROTECTION OF 275 days K.HURA

2 Preliminaries 40 days 3 EIA Approval 10 days 4 Mobilization of Equipment and STAFF 15 days

5 Site Setup 10 days 6 Surveying and Setting Out 20 days 7 In surveying 15 days 8 Setting Out surveying 5 days 9 Reclamation 80 days 10 Construction of Bund wall 35 days 11 Recalamtion works 65 days 12 Revetment Construction 175 days 13 Procure Materials 20 days 14 Material Delivery 40 days 15 Unloading & Shifting to site 15 days 16 Placing of Boulders 125 days 17 Out Surveying 125 days 18 Reclamation area 5 days 19 Revetment 5 days 20 Final Inspection 5 days 21 Demobilization and Removal of Temp Works 30 days 22 Removal of Temp works 10 days 23 Demobilization of Equipments and STAFF20 days

Task Project Summary Manual Task Start-only Deadline Project: Hura work schedule Split Inactive Task Duration-only Finish-only Progress Date: Wed 9/5/18 Milestone Inactive Milestone Manual Summary Rollup External Tasks Manual Progress

Summary Inactive Summary Manual Summary External Milestone

Page 1 For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

27 Annex: Alternative Coastal protection measures

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Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 126 _,..,

1. CHANGES TO RECLAMATION AREA AND lAY OUT

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3. INCLUDED 152m NEARSHORE BREAKWATER

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28 Annex: Meeting minutes from MHI

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Prepared by Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, Sep 2018 Page 128 Date 11th January 2018 Time 10:00 – 11:15 Meeting held with Ministry of Environment and Energy Location MEE, 3rd floor, EPA meeting room Attendees 1. Abdulla Ziyad, MEE 2. Ahmed Afrah Ismail, Engineer, EPA ([email protected], 9690600) 3. Ahmed Shan, Senior Surveyor, EPA, ( [email protected], 7905899) 4. Muhusina, Assistant Director, MEE, ([email protected], 7707931) 5. Hashim Nabeel, Assistant Oceanographic Observer, EPA ([email protected], 7687188) 6. Mariyam Dheena, Project Officer, MEE ([email protected], 7407919) 7. Huma, Environment Analyst, MEE ([email protected], 7945545) 8. Fathimath Shaana Farooq, Director General, MHI ([email protected], 7913342) 9. Nafha Aujaz, Environment Analyst, MHI, ([email protected], 7721554) 10. Hussain Samooh, Data Entry Officer, MHI ([email protected], 9197393) 11. Aishath Azla, Data Entry Officer, MHI ([email protected], 7785572) Purpose Stakeholder consultation of K. Huraa reclamation project Minutes  MHI briefed the participants on the proposed scope of the reclamation project.  MEE agreed that the proposed reclamation area is the best location that could be used.  MEE cautioned us to not reclaim close to the mangrove border and to avoid sea grass bed as it is essential for the mangrove.  They also stressed that even construction materials and vehicles also must not enter these areas during the construction period.  MHI requested MEE to provide a map with zones that should be avoided during the project activities.  MEE requested to include these restrictions and certain aspects (eg: stockpiling locations) in the Contract to prevent any environmental damage to the protected areas.  They requested to include MEE departments in all the stages of the project  MEE suggested making the beach bigger. E.g. Hulhumale’; Geobags and geotextiles can be used to provide a larger area for the beach since tourism is growing in the area.  They asked us to include shore protection in such a way it would help the formation of the beaches. For example, a huge slope will enable formation of a natural beach.

Date 15th January 2018 Time 10:35 – 11:50 Meeting held with K. Huraa Council Location MLSA meeting room Attendees 1. Easa Ahmed, Council President (7779644) 2. Fayaaz Ibrahim, Council Vice President (7993018) 3. Mohamed Nazeef, Council Member (7979595) 4. Ahmed Asif, Budget Officer (7794300) 5. Nafha Aujaz, Environment Analyst, MHI, ([email protected], 7721554) 6. Anoosha Hashim, Assistant Project Officer ([email protected]) 7. Hussain Samooh, Data Entry Officer, MHI ([email protected], 9197393) 8. Aishath Azla, Data Entry Officer, MHI ([email protected], 7785572) Purpose Stakeholder consultation of K. Huraa reclamation project Minutes  Contrary to what NDMC said, Huraa Island Council said that they have no flooding problems and only minor storm surges.  Said storm surges happen seasonally, around 20ft near school area but approximately 5ft in rest of the island.  They brought to our attention that our current proposed reclamation area includes Pearl Sands guesthouse territory, which is the biggest investment and revenue generating guest house in Huraa at the moment. They requested us to modify the proposed area without going into the territory as otherwise it would mean loss of a large number of local employments etc.  They have ongoing plans with EPA to carry out dredging for the mangrove and also add a jetty, border and restaurant to the area.  They prefer outwards extension of the current proposed reclamation area (starting from the groynes near bikini beach). Not the mangrove area, as other options are available.  The Council stressed that they want 30 hectares of reclamation as they were promised 40 hectares by the President.  They suggested including areas undergoing extreme erosion within the scope.  South-west side of the island needs shore protection due to erosion. It was suggested to backfill the area and extend the revetment around the previously reclaimed area.  In response to questioning about the sewage outfall we observed in our inspection trip, leaking into the tourist swimming area: o The current location is temporary o It is an ongoing project (in collaboration with EPA) to extend the pipe farther out into the sea (500m) o The hygiene/pollution issue will be eliminated after completion of the project  The previously dredged area observed near Youth Camp is from around 20 years ago and is currently not used specifically and hence there would be no issue in reclaiming the area  Previously backfilled area eroded within 3 years and hence the council have nourished the area using a sand pump 2 weeks ago.  The council informed the algal growth observed in some areas is only seasonal and takes place in the mangrove too.  The Council suggested we cut a channel to the mangrove and reclaim the grass bed. It is in their plans to relocate the current beaching area (next to the harbour) after the reclamation of the grass bed.  Council informed that there are only 90 slots available for the sale of land for residential use while around 200-250 applications are expected.  It was stressed by the council that beach nourishment works undertaken by Four Seasons in their spa island “in Huraa boundary” is causing the filling of K. Huraa harbor.  Council has written a letter to MOT after being told by EPA that the issue was within the regulatory jurisdiction of MOT. However, they have not yet received a response regarding the issue.

Date 11th January 2018 Time 10:00 – 11:15 Meeting held with Ministry of Environment and Energy Location MEE, 3rd floor, EPA meeting room Attendees 1. Abdulla Ziyad, MEE 2. Ahmed Afrah Ismail, Engineer, EPA ([email protected], 9690600) 3. Ahmed Shan, Senior Surveyor, EPA, ( [email protected], 7905899) 4. Muhusina, Assistant Director, MEE, ([email protected], 7707931) 5. Hashim Nabeel, Assistant Oceanographic Observer, EPA ([email protected], 7687188) 6. Mariyam Dheena, Project Officer, MEE ([email protected], 7407919) 7. Huma, Environment Analyst, MEE ([email protected], 7945545) 8. Fathimath Shaana Farooq, Director General, MHI ([email protected], 7913342) 9. Nafha Aujaz, Environment Analyst, MHI, ([email protected], 7721554) 10. Hussain Samooh, Data Entry Officer, MHI ([email protected], 9197393) 11. Aishath Azla, Data Entry Officer, MHI ([email protected], 7785572) Purpose Stakeholder consultation of K. Huraa reclamation project Minutes  MHI briefed the participants on the proposed scope of the reclamation project.  MEE agreed that the proposed reclamation area is the best location that could be used.  MEE cautioned us to not reclaim close to the mangrove border and to avoid sea grass bed as it is essential for the mangrove.  They also stressed that even construction materials and vehicles also must not enter these areas during the construction period.  MHI requested MEE to provide a map with zones that should be avoided during the project activities.  MEE requested to include these restrictions and certain aspects (eg: stockpiling locations) in the Contract to prevent any environmental damage to the protected areas.  They requested to include MEE departments in all the stages of the project  MEE suggested making the beach bigger. E.g. Hulhumale’; Geobags and geotextiles can be used to provide a larger area for the beach since tourism is growing in the area.  They asked us to include shore protection in such a way it would help the formation of the beaches. For example, a huge slope will enable formation of a natural beach.

Date 17th January 2018 Time 09:30 – 10:30 Meeting held with Ministry of Tourism Location MITDC meeting room, 5th floor, Velaanaage Attendees 1. Mohamed Sinan, Environment Officer, MoT ([email protected], 9685119) 2. Abdulla Iyaz, Planning Officer, MoT ([email protected], 7999709) 3. Fathimath Shaana Farooq, Director General, MHI ([email protected], 7913342) 4. Nafha Aujaz, Environment Analyst, MHI, ([email protected], 7721554) 5. Anoosha Hashim, Assistant Project Officer ([email protected]) 6. Aishath Azla, Data Entry Officer, MHI ([email protected], 7785572) Purpose Stakeholder consultation of K. Huraa and GDh. Faresmaathoda reclamation project Minutes  MHI began the meeting with a briefing of the two reclamation projects.  Iyaz said that guesthouse plots received only land plots and not any part of the sea, unlike resorts and hence the boundary of the guesthouses is their land plot.  Resorts get a boundary of 500m, unless stated otherwise in the agreement.  K. Huraa: o MOT stressed that issues of noise, disruption and sedimentation will arise from the resorts near Huraa, and to take ensure a lot of measures are taken to mitigate sedimentation. o In reply to the sand dredging issue raised by the Island Council (in our previous meeting with them), MOT stated that Four Seasons has been undergoing a lot of refurbishments and developments since 2015 and is approximately 68% completed now. o Furthermore, Four Seasons Spa island is artificial (created about 20 years ago) but has been growing naturally since then. o Both ClubMed Kani and Four Seasons have registered as biosphere reserves and hence it should strictly be ensured that no damages are caused to their house reef. o MOT was concerned with the possibility of erosion issues that the resorts might have to face due to the project.  GDh. Faresmaathoda: o No upcoming or existing resorts in the atoll. o MOT adviced to check the proximity of shipwreck near Faresmaathoda and ensure the area is avoided, as shipwrecks are not only diving spots but are also considered as heritage locations.  MOT is to provide MHI with marked boundary demarcations of the two resorts near Huraa and also share the guest house regulations.  It was agreed to arrange another meeting including the representatives of the resorts.

Date 24th January 2018 Time 10:30 – 11:30 Meeting held with Ministry of Tourism Location MOT meeting room, 5th floor, Velaanaage Attendees 1. Ahmed Salih, Permanent Secretary, MoT ([email protected], 3022200) 2. Ali Shinan, Director, MoT ([email protected], 7900032) 3. Ibrahim Fikree, Director, MoT ([email protected], 9997816) 4. Abdulla Iyaz, Planning Officer, MoT ([email protected], 7999709) 5. Amir Musthafa, Engineer, MHI ([email protected],) 6. Nafha Aujaz, Environment Analyst, MHI, ([email protected], 7721554) 7. Anoosha Hashim, Assistant Project Officer ([email protected]) 8. Aishath Azla, Data Entry Officer, MHI ([email protected], 7785572) 9. Randy Shimabuku, General Manager, Four seasons Kudahuraa ([email protected] 10. Kevin Sudampriya, Finance Bussiness Manager, Four Seasons Kudahuraa ([email protected], 9800776) 11. Aminath Raya Ali, Suood & Anwar ([email protected], 7975655) 12. Abdul Samad Ibrahim, Genereal Affairs Manager, Club Med Kanifinolhu ([email protected], 7771284) Purpose Consultation meeting with MoT and resort representatives regarding K.Huraa reclamation project Minutes  The PS of MOT informed the meeting is arranged on request by MHI regarding the K.Huraa Reclamation  MHI briefed the project informing that the project is at a very initial stage and 10Ha of land is planned to be reclaimed. Also, noted that no consultants are hired but the tentative timeline is starting the project by July or August. However, MHI stressed that since it is at a very initial stage they cannot provide an exact schedule for the project.  MHI also noted that deep dredging would be used for sand dredging and MTCC might be the contractor but it has not been decided an international contractor might also be involved.  Four Seasons stressed that they have several concerns regarding the project. The resort itself is 6Ha and they believe that reclaiming an area of 10Ha would have many negative impacts on their resorts  They highlighted that their main concern is erosion and impact on marine environment. Apart from this, they also highlighted coral bleaching, noise and aesthetic beauty will be affected. In addition to this they emphasized that the many developments are ongoing at the coastline of the island such as the hotel development.  With the current proposed area the four seasons resort representatives stressed that their view to the lagoon and the oceanside area would be eventually lost due to the reclamation and houses would occupy the area making it aesthetically less attractive  MHI informed that those issues could be addressed at this point through zoning planning as it is a required to have a 20m green belt around the island. At the zoning plan stage considerations could be given how to make the area visually attractive.  Four seasons wondered if there are regulations to allow reclamation at such short radius. They questioned whether it is possible to have reclamation so close to the resort.  MHI informed that the island is already saturated and the primary need of this reclamation is to provide land for the community and the benefit of both the island communities and resorts should be taken into consideration.  Four seasons stressed that it is unfair for them that the community lease islands for development purposes and if the land is reclaimed the community would lease land for development purpose which will have a negative influence on them. Also they mentioned that if the reclamation is only for residential purpose they do not have much concerns.  MHI noted that the island community is independent to utilize their land in a responsible manner within their mandates and in compliance with national laws and regulations.  The resort representatives also inquired the duration of the reclamation period to which MHI informed it largely depends on the methodology. If the contractor is to be MTCC then it might take about 3 weeks for deep dredging and if international contractor is selected it might take less time but the amount of time they spend on the site might be more. Also MHI noted that the shore protection would be ongoing simultaneously and noise at this period would be higher.  The resort representatives from the Four Seasons informed that they do not want the dredger to have access from the resort channel as it is a busy channel.  MHI noted that the resort channel is too shallow for the dredger and most likely the dredger would be staying deep ocean and pipes would be laid on the temporary sand bunds  The resort representatives noted that it is important to keep the dive points safe and showed the five dive points and agreed to share a marked map of those points.  They also highlighted that a rare type of turtle nests in the Huraa Island.  MOT enquired if reclamation could take place in a protected and MHI highlighted that consultations have been undertaken with MEE and reclamation does not fall within the boundary of the protected area  Kuda Huraa resort representatives questioned what would be the next step to which MHI replied that the consultant hiring process is ongoing .  Also MHI noted that the zoning of the reclaimed area would be done with inputs from the council  Resort representatives requested not to have high raised building s and tourism zones in the reclaimed area as this would have much negative effect on them. They also informed that their working hours are from 10:00am to 7:00pm and wishes that considerations could be given to the timings.  The Club Med resort informed their working hours are from 9:00am to 6:00pm.  MHI informed that considerations could be given on how to adjust with the addressed issues. The meeting was concluded informing that monitoring would be done including water tests.

Consultation regarding K.Huraa Reclamation

Date: 03rd September 2018

Place: Ministry of Tourism

Main conclusions

 Resorts stressed that this project would cause much negative impact to their operations and they were extremely concerned that while the project is now about to commence, they were just informed of the sudden change in the reclamation scope of the project.  The resorts requested to share the following information with them at the earliest o Bund start date o Dredging start date o Final stamped layout o Inform from which side work will start  While the currently proposed reclamation is also a large scale project and would cause much impact to the resorts, it was requested by the resorts to go with 23 Ha without further increasing the scope to 25 or 30 Ha.  It was requested by Kuda Hura to not start the reclamation line as a continuation from the channel line but to rather move it more towards the island. However, since this would result in reduction of the reclamation area and also as the current reclamation shape is more favorable, it is not possible to accommodate this request.  Project related information shall be coordinated with the resorts in collaboration with MOT. d.llA,).

,6-4F MINISTRY OF TOURISM REPUBTIC OF MALDIVES MEETING: K. Huraa Reclamation Project DATE: 03rd September 2018 TIME: " . (JO W NAME ORGANIZATION

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29 Annex: Attendance sheets from consultation held by the consultants

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For Land reclamation in Huraa Island, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

30 Annex: EIA submission to Atoll Council

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