ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AGRICULTURAL CENTER AT MENDHOO, LAAMU

June 2018 Proposed by: Hassan Adil

Prepared by: Hassan Shah (EIA P02/2007) Mohamed Umar (EIA T07/2017) Abdul Aleem, (Environmental Consultant) For Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo,

Contents 1 DECLARATION OF THE CONSULTANTS ...... X 2 PROPONENT COMMITMENT AND DECLARATION ...... XI 3 INTRODUCTION ...... 12 3.1 STRUCTURE OF THE EIA ...... 12 3.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE EIA ...... 12 3.3 EIA IMPLEMENTATION ...... 12 3.4 TERMS OF REFERENCE ...... 12 3.5 DESK STUDY REVIEW ...... 12 4 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 13 4.1 LAWS AND REGULATIONS ...... 13 4.1.1 Environmental Protection and Preservation Act ...... 13 4.1.2 Protected Areas and Sensitive Areas ...... 13 4.1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 ...... 13 4.2 WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS ...... 13 4.3 REGULATION CUTTING DOWN, UPROOTING, DIGGING OUT AND EXPORT OF TREES ...... 14 4.4 GUIDELINES FOR DOMESTIC WASTEWATER DISPOSAL ...... 14 4.4.1 Post EIA Monitoring, Auditing and Evaluation ...... 14 4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS ...... 15 4.5.1 Decision Statement (EDS) ...... 15 4.6 RESPONSIBLE INSTITUTIONS ...... 15 4.6.1 Environmental Protection Agency ...... 15 4.6.2 Ministry of Environment and Energy...... 15 4.7 RELEVANT POLICIES ...... 15 4.7.1 Third National Environment Action Plan ...... 15 4.7.2 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan ...... 15 4.8 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ...... 16 4.8.1 Convention on Biological Diversity ...... 16 5 PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 17 5.1 PROJECT PROPONENT ...... 17 5.2 PROJECT LOCATION AND STUDY AREA ...... 17 5.3 NEED AND JUSTIFICATION ...... 17 5.4 PROJECT DETAILS ...... 18 5.5 PRODUCTION OF BANANAS ...... 19 5.5.1 Soil ...... 19 5.5.2 Irrigation ...... 19 5.5.3 Fertilization ...... 19

II Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

5.5.4 Land preparation ...... 19 5.5.5 Propagation ...... 20 5.5.6 Fruit Harvest ...... 20 5.5.7 Weeding & Cultivation ...... 20 5.5.8 De-suckering ...... 20 5.6 HYDROPONIC CULTURE OF TOMATOES ...... 20 5.6.1 Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) ...... 20 5.6.2 Drip Irrigation system ...... 20 5.6.3 Basic Care ...... 20 5.7 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ...... 21 5.8 EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ...... 21 5.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURES ...... 21 5.9.1 Power plant and diesel tanks ...... 21 5.9.2 Water Resources ...... 21 5.9.3 Feed water intake ...... 22 5.9.4 Jetty and Access Channel ...... 22 5.9.5 Staff Infrastructure and Management ...... 23 5.9.6 Septic Tank System ...... 23 5.9.7 Vegetation Clearing ...... 23 5.9.8 Environmental Protection Buffer area around mangroves ...... 24 5.10 PROJECT SCHEDULE ...... 24 5.11 PROJECT INPUTS AND OUTPUTS ...... 25 5.11.1 Project Inputs ...... 25 5.11.2 Project Outputs ...... 25 5.11.3 Risks associated with the project ...... 26 6 METHODOLOGY ...... 27 6.1 GENERAL METHODOLOGIES OF DATA COLLECTION ...... 27 6.2 MAPPING AND LOCATION IDENTIFICATION ...... 27 6.3 MARINE SURVEY ...... 27 6.4 BATHYMETRIC SURVEY ...... 28 6.5 GROUND WATER QUALITY ...... 28 6.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ...... 29 6.7 DATA ANALYSIS ...... 29 6.8 REPORT FORMAT ...... 29 7 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 30 7.1 GEOGRAPHIC SETTING ...... 30 7.2 GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ...... 30 7.3 METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ...... 31

III Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

7.3.1 Climate ...... 31 7.3.2 Tide levels ...... 32 7.4 EXISTING MARINE ENVIRONMENT...... 32 7.4.1 Methodology of marine surveys ...... 32 7.4.2 Data Processing Methodology ...... 32 7.5 CORAL REEF ...... 33 7.5.1 Status of coral reef at site M1 ...... 33 7.6 STATUS OF FISH ABUNDANCE ...... 38 7.7 MARINE WATER QUALITY AND BATHYMETRY ...... 39 7.8 EXISTING TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 40 7.8.1 Floral Landscape ...... 41 7.8.2 Results of the Vegetation Survey ...... 42 7.8.3 Groundwater Quality ...... 44 8 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 47 8.1 NO DEVELOPMENT OPTION ...... 47 8.2 DESIGN ALTERNATIVES ...... 48 8.2.1 Alternative Energy Source ...... 48 8.2.2 Spatial use of the island for the agricultural activity ...... 48 8.2.3 Use land to cultivate crops ...... 48 8.2.4 Alternative locations for the water intake ...... 48 8.2.5 Alternative Sewerage System ...... 48 9 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT ...... 49 9.1 SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE ...... 49 9.2 SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AGRICULTURE PROJECT ...... 51 9.2.1 Positive Impact of project ...... 51 9.2.2 Negative Impact or Concerns regarding the project ...... 51 9.3 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ...... 51 9.3.1 Environment Protection Agency ...... 51 9.3.2 Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture ...... 52 9.3.3 Developer and Project Team ...... 52 9.3.4 Laamu Atoll Council ...... 52 9.4 LIST OF PEOPLE CONSULTED ...... 53 10 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ...... 54 10.1 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION ...... 54 10.2 ASSESSING IMPACTS ...... 54 10.3 MAGNITUDE OF IMPACTS ...... 55 10.4 UNCERTAINTIES IN IMPACT PREDICTION ...... 55 10.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 55

IV Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

11 RECOMMENDATION ...... 60 11.1 UNDERTAKING A DETAIL LEVEL SURVEY...... 60 11.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 60 11.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION ...... 60 12 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ...... 61 12.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 61 12.2 MONITORING PROGRAMME ...... 61 12.3 MONITORING TIMETABLE ...... 61 12.4 MONITORING REPORT ...... 64 12.5 COST OF MONITORING ...... 64 13 CONCLUSION ...... 65 14 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... 67 15 REFERENCES ...... 68 16 ANNEX A: TERMS OF REFERENCE ...... 69 17 ANNEX C: PROJECT DRAWING DETAILS ...... 70 18 ANNEX D: BATHYMETRIC CHART ...... 71 19 CV OF OTHER CONSULTANTS ...... 72 20 ANNEX H: DOCUMENTS FROM MINISTRY OF FISHERIES AND AGRICULTURE 73 21 ANNEX I: LETTER FROM THE LAAMU ATOLL COUNCIL ...... 76

V Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

List of Figures and Tables Figure 1: Treated wastewater quality standards to be achieved...... 14 Figure 2: Project location. Photo, Google Earth...... 17 Figure 3: Feed Water Intake from the ground ...... 22 Figure 4: Marine water sampled locations of the Island ...... 28 Figure 5: groundwater sampled locations ...... 29 Figure 6: Existing environment of the Island ...... 30 Figure 7: Monthly Average Rainfall and Sunshine ...... 32 Figure 8: Percentage benthic composition at site M1 ...... 34 Figure 9: Photos from site M1 ...... 34 Figure 10: Percentage benthic composition at site M2 ...... 35 Figure 11: Photos from site M2 ...... 36 Figure 12: Percentage benthic composition at site M3 ...... 37 Figure 13: Photos from site M3 ...... 38 Figure 14: Marine survey locations ...... 40 Figure 15: Vegetation Survey Transect locations...... 41 Figure 16: Frequency of plant species observed in transect T1...... 42 Figure 17: Frequency of plant species observed in transect T2...... 42 Figure 18: Frequency and average height of plant species found in transect C ...... 43 Figure 19: Location of coconut trees found in the island ...... 43 Figure 20: Location of mangrove on the island ...... 44 Figure 21: Groundwater sampling locations in Mendhoo Island, Laamu Atoll ...... 45 Figure 22: Monthly average rainfall 2010-2016 (Source: Maldives Meteorological Service) ...... 46 Figure 23: Monthly rainfall data of S. station for 2016 (Source: Maldives Meteorological Service) ...... 47

Table 1: tentative work plan ...... 24 Table 2: Geographical Coordinates of the Meteorological Centres in Maldives ...... 31 Table 3: Fish abundance based on the fish survey at survey sites ...... 38 Table 4: Results of the groundwater quality in in Mendhoo Island, Laamu Atoll ...... 45 Table 5: Sex ratio of population by locality (source: Bureau of Statistics, 2016) ...... 49 Table 6: Population of the islands in Laamu Atoll ...... 50 Table 7: Summary of socio economic environment of the atoll ...... 50 Table 8: Impact assessment matrix for the project ...... 54 Table 9: Matrix of environmental impacts and mitigation measures ...... 56 Table 10: Summary of the impacts and their characterization ...... 59 Table 11: Monitoring framework ...... 62

VI Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

ާސާލުޚ ާދާސ

ެގުތަކްއަސަމ ޭހެބިއާމަކިރެވުޑނަދ ާވިއަފިއަލާވަލުކެއ ްށަމުއިދްނެގ ްށަޔިރުކ ިއަގޫދްނެމ .ލ ީކަޓޯޕިރިމ

ްނަޝުއިލޮސ ރަޓޯވ ްށައ ްށައ ްލިދާޢ ްނަސަޙ ްނުތޮގެގުމުލެބ ޯތްއެމަކެނާރުކ ްއެރަސައ ާހިކ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ެގުށަރެއ ްނުބަބަސ ްޓރޯޕިރިމ .ެވެކެޓރޯޕިރ ާރުކ ްނާޔަބ ުރަވްނިމ ާރޯފ ުރަސައ ްށަޓްށެވާމިތ ާވިއަފިވެރުކުރާޔްއްއަތ ްނުޑެޓިމިލ ްޓެވިއަރްޕ )39/4 ރަބްނަނ ުނޫނާގ( ުނޫނާގ ޭހެބިއާމުރުކ ްތަޔާމިހ ްށޮކިރެތާކްއަރ ިށެވާމިތ ެގޭޖްއާރ ިހެވިދ ީނާވިއަފިވެރުކުރާޔްއަތ ުރަވްނިމ ާރޯފ ުރަސައ ްށަޓްށެވާމިތ ާވިއަފިއަލާވަލުކެއ ްނުޓްނަމްނަރަޔަވްނެއ ްޑްނެއ ގްނިސުއަހ ްފޮއ ީރްޓްސިނިމ ްނުށަދ ްޓްނަމްނަރަޔަވްނެއ ިއަގީލައ ެގުކަތުލޫސުއ ާވިއަފިވެރުކްނާޔަބ ިއަގ 2102 ުދިއާވަގ ޭހެބ ިއާމުދެހ ްޓރޯޕިރ ާރުކ ްނާޔަބ .ެވެށަތޮގްއެއ ިއާސްސްނަރަފިރ ްފޮއ ްސްމރާޓ ާވިއަފިވެރުކޫދ ްށަތަކްއަސަމިމ ްނީޓިރޯތޮއ ްނަޝްކެޓޮރްޕ

ްށަޔްއުކ ްށަތަދްއުމުގިދ ްށައ ްލިދާޢ ްނަސަޙ ްށުމަރުކ ީޤްއަރަތ ްނަކިރެވުޑނަދ ިއަގޫދްނެމ .ލ ުޑނަގިއަމ ެގުމުއިދްނެގ ްށަޔިރުކ ުއޫރްޝަމިމ .ެވެންނިއރަޗްލަކިރްގެއ ްޑްނެއ ްޒީރަޝިފ ްފޮއ ީރްޓްސިނިމ ީނަވިއަފްށޮކޫދ މަޤްސަދަކީ ރާއްޖެ އަށް ވަކިން ޚާއްސަކޮށް ލ. އަތޮޅުގައި ދަނޑުވެރިކަމުގެ ސިނާޢަތް ތަރައްޤީކޮށް، އިޤްތިސާދީ .ެވެމުރުކުރުތިއ ްނަކްނީޤަޔ ެގާނާކ ްށޮކާޅުފާގްނިބ

ިއާކަތްތާރާމިޢ ާވްނުނޭބ ްށަމުއިދްނެގ ްށަޔިރުކ ްނަކިރެވުޑނަދ ިއަގޫދްނެމ.ލ ްނުށަދ ެގުޢޫރްޝަމިމ ވަސީލަތްތައް ބިނާކުރުމާއި ދަނޑުވެރިކަން ކުރުން ހިމެނެއެވެ. އިމާރާތްކުރެވޭ ތަންތަނުގެ ތެރޭގައި ޖެޓީއަކާއި، އިދާރީ އިމާރާތްތަކާއި މުވައްޒަފުންގެ އިމާރާތްތަކާއި، ފެނާއި ކަރަންޓްގެ ނިޒާމާއި ސެޕްޓިކް ޓޭންކްސް ބޭނުންކޮށްގެން ގާއިމުކުރެވޭ ނަރުދަމާގެ ނިޒާމާއި އިރިގޭޝަން ނިޒާމާއި، ހައިޑްރޯފޯނިކް ގްރީން ހައުސް ތަކެއް ހެދުން ހިމެނެއެވެ. މިރަށުގައި ހެއްދުމަށް 24 ުތަދްއުމ ެގުމުރުކ ީޤްއަރަތ ުއޫރްޝަމިމ .ެވެއެނެމިހ ްއަތްތަވާބ ެގާވޭމ ިއާއީރާކުރަތ ިއަގޭރެތ ެގުކަތްތަވާބ ާވިއަފިހެޖަމަހ .ެވެއެވެރުކާފަލ ްށަމަކ ެނާދްނެގިމެދ ްށަހަމ

ެގުދާކ ިއާއ ިއާނާކްސަގ ޭވެރުކްނުނޭބ ިއަގުތަކްއަސަމ ެގުމަކިރެވުޑނަދ ޭވެދްނެގ ްށަޔިރުކ ިއަގޫދްނެމ ިދައ .ެވެއެނޭވެރުކ ްތަކްއަސަމ ްށަމުދްއެފުއ ިއަގުށަރ ިތެކަތިމ ިއަކަޓްށަމުދެހްއަސިޗްއެއ ިހެޓްއަރ ިއާޓްއެވާމިތ ީކަކަތްތަވާބ ްނުތޮގެއ .ެވެއެނޭވެރުކ ްތަކްއަސަމ ްށަމުދެހ ްށަކެޗްއެއ ޭވެރުކްނުނޭބ ިއަގްއެތޮގިވެނެޓްއެހެމެދ ްނެފ ާވްނުނޭބ ްށަމަކިރެވުޑނަދ ްށަޔިރުކ ިއަގޫދްނެމ .ެވެއެނެމިހ ްނުދެހ ްށަނެފުރީމ ްނެފުނޮލ ިއާނެފޭރާވ ްށަމުދޯހ ްނެފ ޭވެރުކްނުނޭބ ްށަމަކިރެވުޑނަދ ގެންދެވޭ ދަނޑުވެރިކަމުގެ މަސައްކަތަކީ ރިސާރޗް އޮރިއަންޓަޑް މަސައްކަތެއްކަމުން، ދަނޑުވެރިކަމާއިބެހޭ ރިސާރޗް ކުރިޔަށް ްއަތޮގޭވެޅުއ ްށޮކަހޭސަފްތިހ ްއަތްތާރަފ ާރުކ ްތަކްއަސަމ ިއަގުށަރ ިއާށާމުބިތްއޭބ ްނިރެވުންނަފ ާރުކްޗރާސިރ ްށަމުއިދްނެގ .ެވެއެނޭވެރުކުމިއާގ ިއަގުށަރ ްނަޝޭޑޮމަކެއ

ިއާކަތުދިއަވަޤ ިއާކަތުނޫނާޤ ެގޭޖްއާރިހެވިދ ީނާދްނެގ ްށަޔިރުކ ްއެކަތްތާކަރަހ ާހިރުހ ެގުއޫރްޝަމިމ އެއްގޮތުގެ މަތީންނެވެ. މިގޮތުން ތިމާވެށި ޙިމާޔަތްކުރުމާއިބެހޭ ޤާނޫނާއި، 2102 އަމަލުކުރަމުން އަންނަ ތިމާވެއްޓަށް .ެވެއެނެމިހ ުދިއާވަޤ ޭހެބ ިއާމުލާވަލުކެއ ްޓރޯޕިރ ާރުކްނާޔަބ ުރަވްނިމ ާރޯފުރަސައ

VII Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

ުތާމޫލުޢަމ ްނުހީމ ްއެއަބ ެގުޅޮތައ .ެވެކެށަރ ަންނޮއ ިއަގުތޮގ ެގްއެށަރުޅަފ ިއަގުޅޮތައ ުމާލ ީކައ ޫދްނެމ ްށަމުރުކ ިއަގުށަރިމ .ެވެކެށަރ ާވިއަފިވެރުކްނުނޭބ ްށަމުރުކ ްނަކިރެވުޑނަދ ްނިރުކެގީމ ުޅޮމްނިބ ީކައޫދްނެމ ިއަގުތޮގްނިދ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުއޫރްޝަމ ިމ ްނުކަތާސާރިދ ުނުދެހ ިދައ ްނުކަތްއަތްނަކ ިލެބ ްށޮކްތަޔާޢިރ ްށަޓްކެޖޮރްޕ ާވިއަފިޅެހަށުހ ްށަމުރުކ ީޤްއަރަތ ިއަގުށަރ ީނެވެލެބ ްށަމަކެނާރުކުރަސައ ްށަޑޮބ ެމްނެއ ްނުތޮގިމ .ެވެއަފިވެނަގެނެދ ީނަވ ުރަސައ ެނާރުކ ބޭނުންވާ ތަންތަން ކޮށާއިރު ރަށުގެ ގަސްގަހާ ގެއްސަށެވެ. ރަށުގައި ދަނޑުވެރިކަން ފެށުމުގެ ގޮތުން، ބިމުގައި ކުރެވޭ ްށަމުރުކ ިއަގުށަރ .ެވެންނެގްށޮކުފާސ ްނިބ ިއާންނުކަތްނިބްސުހ ެގުށަރ ީނަވިއަފިހެޖަމަހ ްށަމުދެހ ްއަތުޑނަދ ްށަމަކިރެވުޑނަދ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުކަތްތަލީސަވ ޭވެރުކުމިއާގ ިއާކަތްތާރާމިއ ާވްނުނޭބ ްށަމަކިމ ަތަވުނ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުމަކިރެވުޑނަދ ާވިއަފިހެޖަމަހ ިއަގުދޫމ ިއާށަލުއަހާމ ެގުދޫމ ުރިއާޅައ ީޓެޖ ްނުރުތިއ ެގީމ .ެވެއެނެފުނ ްށަކަމަކ ެނާރުކ ުރަސައ ޭވެދޭނ ްށަމިބަކަޗ ާވިއަގުށަރ ހިމެނޭ ދިރޭތަކެއްޗަށް އަސަރުކުރާނެއެވެ. މިގޮތުން މަސްމަހާމެހި، ގައި އަދި މުރަކަ އަދި މިނޫންވެސް ދިރޭތަކެއްޗަށް .ެވެއެވިއަފިވެރުކާފަލ ްށަމަކެނާރުކުރަސައ ެގީހެގާހަގްސަގ ެގުށަރ ުހަފްށަމުލެބ ްށައާސާރިދ ުނުވެރުކ ްށަމުތަގެނެދ ުރަވްނިމާރޯފުރަސައ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ެގުށަރ .ެވެއެހެޖ ްނަޅައ ްއެކަތުޅަވަޔިފ ޭވެދެއ ްށަމުރުކަޑުކުރަސައ ެނާފްށޮކ ްނުޓްކެޖޮރްޕިމ ްށަޓްއެވ ެގުދޫމ ިއާށަލުއަހާމ ގަސްގަހާގެހީގެ މާހައުލަށް ލިބޭ ގެއްލުން ކުޑަކުރުމަށް، ތަރައްގީކުރުމަށް ބޭނުންވާ ސަރަހައްދު ވީހާވެސް ކުޑަކޮށް ކޮށާ ޭރިދ ާވިއަގުދޫމ ުރިއާޅައ ްނަލާފ ިދައ .ެވެކެމަކ ުމްނިހުމ ްށަރަވ ީކަމުޓްއެހެބ ާޑނަކުނ ްއަތްސަގ ިތެޑޮބ ިއާމުރުކުފާސ ުހަފްށަމުލެބ ްށަޗްއަމ ެގާސާރިދ ުނުވެރުކިމ .ެވެއެނާވްނޭދްނަކްސިއ ްށަމުރުކްތަކްއަސަމ ްށަކަތޮގަޑުކ ުރަސައާރުކ ްށަޗްއެކަތ .ެވެއަފިނެމިހ ިއަގުޓޯޕިރ ީނާވްއަތްތޮގެނޭވެރުކަޑުކ ްނުލްއެގ ްސެވާހީވ ުރިއާދްނުމަރުކ ްތަކްއަސަމ ްސެވ ީކައ ޫދްނެމ ިދައ .ެވެކެމަކ ެނާރުކުރަސައޭވެދޭނ ެގޭއ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ްސެވީކައޫރްޝަމ ެމްނޮކ ަދަފިމ ްއެކަތްތަކްއަސަމ ިތެޑޮބ ްށަމުރުކަޑުކ ުރަސައ ާރުކ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ްނުބަބަސ ެގްޓްކްޖޮރްޕ ިމ ްނުމަކްއެށަރ ޭނެމިހ ިޅުކ ްސެވްއެކަތާދިއަފްށަތެއ ީދާޞިތްޤިއ ިދައ ީއާމިތްޖިއ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުކަތުއޫރްޝަމ ަދަފިމ ްނިއަދަފެއ ަމަހ .ެވެއެނޭހެޖްނަރުކ .ެވެއެނާވިއަފިވެރުކަގަހާފ ިއަގުޓޯޕިރ ްނަކެނާރުކ

ޭވެދޭނ ްށަކަރަވްނިމ ްސެވެމްނޮކ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ެގުށަރ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުއޫރްޝަމިމ ްނުމުލެބިލެބ ްށޮކާސާރިދިމ ިތެޑޮބ ަދަފާވުނިއަފިވެނެގ ްށަކަށަރ ްނެހެއ ެގޭޖްއާރ ްނުބަބަސ ެގްޓްކްޖޮރްޕ ިމ ިދައ .ެވެއެވެރުކާފަލ ްށަމަކ ެނާރުކުރަސައ ްށައިރުކ ުރިއާލަބ ްނުތޮގީދާޞިތްޤިއ ިދައ ިއާމިތްޖިއ ީކަޓްކެޖޮރްޕ ިމ .ެވެއެވެރުކުނ ްއެއ ަފަލ ްށަމަކެނާދެވުތައ ްއެކަތުލަދަބ .ެވެނޫނ ްއެޓްކެޖޮރްޕ ޫގަދނުއާމ ްނުތޮގ ެގީށެވާމިތ ިދައ ްލަކިންކެޓ ިދައ ުމްނިހުމ ްނުއިދްނެގ

VIII Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

Non Technical Summary This report discusses the findings of a social and environmental impact study undertaken by Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd. at the request of Mr. Haasan Adil. This EIA report covers agriculture development project at Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll. Mendhoo is located on the southern side of Laamu Atoll. This island is leased to Mr. Hassan Adil by the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture. Hassan Adil is the proponent of this project. Hassan Adil has acquired substantial knowledge and information about commercial agriculture and his partners had travelled to many countries and visited different agriculture projects to gain more experience and information on different agriculture businesses which could be development in islands of Maldives. The project is proposed in Laamu Mendhoo. The vision is to establish agriculture in Mendhoo which ensure commercial and environmental sustainability. The main aim of this agricultural project is to lessen the import of agricultural products to meet the local demand. Work is planned for sustainable agro-farming ensuring the use of environment friendly technology. Under this project, fertilizers will be made using the waste on the island itself and different types of fruits and vegetables will be grown. Agriculture on the island will be done in three main ways. It will be done directly on land, in greenhouses and using hydroponic technology. Water for the crops will be of two sources: harvesting rainwater and desalination using seawater. The Drip Irrigation System will be used for water conservation and will be the main system for watering the plants. The project will develop the necessary infrastructure in the area of power, water, sewage and wastewater to make the proposed agriculture project sustainable. The project also involves developing accommodation and living areas for the researchers and famers on the island. The EIA was undertaken to assess the environmental and social impacts of this project. Based on the assessment, it has been identified that the major impacts of the project will be felt on the terrestrial environment. Mendhoo is a large island that has Environmental Sensitive Areas and mangrove ecosystem is found on the island. The development on the island would be carried out by leaving a buffer from the mangroves areas and in fact there is no plan for development on this side of the island. This would significantly reduce the impacts on the mangroves found the island due to the proposed agriculture development on the island. During the operational stage, environmental concerns are much less and are associated with energy, water, and waste and wastewater management. The mitigation measures are provided in the report with alternatives. It is vital to conduct the activities, during both construction and operational stage, in line with mitigation measures emphasized in the report. Socio-economic impacts of the proposed project will be creation of job opportunities in the atoll and development of the agricultural industry in the country. This project will create enormous economic opportunities especially during operational stage through creation of both short-term and permanent jobs and business opportunities especially for the locals at Kunahandhoo and which are very close to this island. This project will introduce and promote the development of agriculture production systems on commercial scale enabling Maldives to provide additional avenue for employment and income generation. Towards the end of the report, a monitoring programme has been suggested which covers components of terrestrial, coastal and marine environment. It is important to follow this monitoring programme not only to comply with the regulation but also to ensure that the impacts are measures in realistic terms.

IX Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

1 Declaration of the consultants This EIA has been prepared according to the EIA Regulations 2012, issued by the Ministry of Housing and Environment. I certify that the statements in this EIA study are true, complete and correct, to our best of knowledge and ability.

Name: Hassan Shah (EIA P02/2007) Signature:

X Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

2 Proponent Commitment and Declaration

XI

Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

3 Introduction This Environmental Impact Assessment report (EIA) has been prepared to fulfil the requirements of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act, law no. 4/93 for the development of agriculture in Mendhoo Island of Laamu atoll. The project proponent is Mr Hassan Adil from Asraaruge of S. , Maldives. 3.1 Structure of the EIA The report has been structured to meet the requirements of the EIA regulations 2012 issued by the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water. Hence, the report will provide an executive summary at the beginning. Sections that will follow include the project description in detail, existing environmental conditions, justifications given by the proponent for undertaking the proposed project components and alternatives. Alternatives to proposed components or activities and environmental considerations would be suggested. A mitigation plan and monitoring programme before, during and after the works will also be suggested. 3.2 Aims and Objectives of the EIA The objective of the report is to:  Assist in mitigating impacts caused due to the agriculture development.  Promote informed and environmentally sound decision making.  To demonstrate the commitment by the proponent on the importance of environmental protection and preservation.  To fulfill the obligations of the proponent to undertake an EIA under Clause 5 of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act of the Maldives.  Undertake the project work with minimum damage to the environment. 3.3 EIA Implementation This EIA has been prepared by a local environmental consulting firm, Water Solutions. Water Solutions have been chosen by the proponent as the environmental consultants for this project. The team members were:  Ahmed Jameel, Environmental Engineer (EIA Registration No: EIA P07/2007)  Hassan Shah – Environment Consultant (EIA Registration No EIA P02/2007)  Mohamed Umar- Junior Environmental consultant (EIA T07/2017)  Abdul Aleem- GIS Expert 3.4 Terms of Reference The terms of reference for this EIA have been attached as an annex. This EIA has been prepared based on these terms of reference. 3.5 Desk Study Review A literature review was conducted to acquire background information on the site and its environment as well as to identify possible environmental impacts of similar developments in island settings. In this context, the EIA Regulations 2012, best practices from similar development activities, studies undertaken in similar settings around Maldives and previous documents/historical publications was considered. The literature review comprised of, but is not limited to, the following:  - EIA for agricultural development in Sh. Ekashdoo Island - EIA for agricultural development in N. Island - Master plan concept submitted by the proponent to Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture. - Relevant regulations, including fisheries and agriculture regulations, Dewatering

12

Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

-Regulation and various amendments brought to the regulation on cutting down and uprooting trees.

4 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework The project conforms to the requirements of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act of the Maldives, Law no. 4/93. The EIA has been undertaken in accordance with the EIA Regulation 2012 of the Maldives by a registered consultant. Furthermore, it adheres to the principles underlined in the regulations, action plans, programmes and policies of Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, Ministry of Environment and Energy and Environmental Protection Agency. These are discussed in detail in the following sections. 4.1 Laws and Regulations 4 . 1 . 1 Environmental Protection and Preservation Act Article 5 (a) of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (Law No. 4/93) addresses the submission of an EIA (Majilis, 1993). It states that an EIA shall be submitted to Ministry of Environment before implementing any developing project that may have a potential impact on the environment. This project complies with this Act. 4 . 1 . 2 Protected Areas and Sensitive Areas Under Article 4 of the Environment Protection and Preservation Act, the Ministry of Environment is vested with the responsibility of identifying and registering protected areas and natural reserves and drawing up of rules and regulations for their protection and preservation. As part of the Environmental Regulation, EPA has established list of ‘sensitive sites’ in the Maldives. Although not formalized as a regulation, the sensitive list is mentioned in the recent Regulation on Dredging and Reclamation (Regulation number 2014/R-13, see Section 5.7, page34). The sensitive sites, according to EPA are sites in the Maldives (islands, reefs, mangroves, inter-tidal areas) where developments ought to be restricted, regulated or controlled. Some view those sites mentioned in the sensitive list have no meaning because there is no evidence to show any ‘sensitive features’ of the areas. Mendhoo is not a protected island but has been included in an environmentally sensitive area list maintained by EPA. Mendhoo has an environmental sensitive area with a patch of mangroves found on the island. According to EPA regulations, any developmental activities should be carried out, outside a 15m buffer zone from the mangrove/wetland area. Hence the guidance has been well followed during the planning stage of the project. 4 . 1 . 3 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 The Ministry of Environment has issued EIA regulation on May 2012, which guides the process of undertaking the Environmental Impact Assessment in the Maldives – This guideline also provides a comprehensive outline of the EIA process, including the roles and responsibilities of the consultants and the proponents. This regulation outlines every step of the IEE/EIA process beginning from application to undertake an EIA, details on the contents, minimum requirements for consultants undertaking the EIA, format of the EIA/IEE report and many more. The guidance provided in this Regulation was followed in the preparation of this EIA report. The EIA has also been prepared by registered consultants. 4.2 Waste management Regulations The Ministry of Environment has developed national waste management regulations. The key elements of the regulations include: ensure safe disposal of solid waste and encourage recycling and reduction in waste generated, develop guidelines on waste management and disposal and advocate enforcing these guidelines through inter-sectoral collaboration and ensure safe disposal of chemical, industrial and hazardous waste.

13 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

Waste management for the proposed project during the construction and operation phase will be in line with this regulation. The waste generated from the project site would be stocked and then taken to the regional waste management facility or Thilafushi for processing and disposal. 4.3 Regulation cutting down, uprooting, digging out and export of t r e e s The Regulation on cutting down, uprooting, digging out and export of trees and palms from one island to another was recently issued by the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water. Clause 5 (a) of the regulations states that Prior to the commencement of any project(s) that would require the indiscriminate removal and export of trees/palms from one island to another for the purpose of agriculture, development/development, construction or any other purpose, it is mandatory under the Regulation to prepare an EIA Report stating clearly the details of the Project(s) with all necessary information and submit the same through the relevant Ministry to Ministry of Environment Energy and Water, and the project(s) can only commence upon the grant of written approval from the MEE. Article 8 (a) requires permission be obtained from Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water, if more than 10 coconut palms that are of a height of 15 ft (from base of the palm to the tip of the palm frond) are cut, uprooted or relocated to another island. The regulation also ensures the replacement of the vegetation that is lost by imposing the planting of two palms for every palm tree that is cut or uprooted (Article 2 (d)). Logging on inhabited islands must be done under supervision of the islands chief or an official appointed by the island chief (Article 8 (c). According to Article 3 (a) no trees can be cut or uprooted within the 15m zone inside from the vegetation line of an island. If there is any mangrove areas in the island, no trees and be uprooted, dig out or cut within the 15m buffer zone around the mangrove area (Article 3 (b)). Uprooting and cutting of the trees would be carried out as outlined in the regulations. Two trees would be planted for each tree removed. Amendments brought to?? 4.4 Guidelines for Domestic Wastewater Disposal The guideline is developed and implemented by the Environment Protection Agency. The guideline is to improve public health through improved sanitation and cleaner and safer environment by regulating the disposal of domestic wastewater. The proposed project has been proposed based on the requirements of this guidelines and EIA has been undertaken within the parameters defined by this regulations. All domestic waste will be disposed as per the guidelines provided by EPA. Hence, the treated wastewater will be as per the following guidelines.

MEEW guidelines for maximum allowable concentrations for Parameter discharge into deep sea Biochemical Oxygen Demand 40 mg/l (BOD5) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 50 mg/l Suspended Solids 150 mg/L pH 5 -9.5 Oil & Grease (After effective 5 mg/L fat/Grease trap) Figure 1: Treated wastewater quality standards to be achieved. 4 . 4 . 1 Post EIA Monitoring, Auditing and Evaluation The environmental monitoring programme given in EIA report is an important aspect of the EIA process. The monitoring programme outlines the objectives of the monitoring; the specific information

14 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll to be collected; the data collection program, and managing the monitoring programme. Managing the monitoring programme requires assigning institutional responsibility, reporting requirements, enforcement capability, and ensuring that adequate resources are provided in terms of funds, skilled staff, etc. The monitoring programme outlined in this report will comply with the EIA Regulations 2012. 4.5 Environmental Permits 4 . 5 . 1 Decision Statement (EDS) The EIA Decision Statement is issued on successful evaluation of the EIA report by the EPA, Ministry of Environment and Energy. EIA Decision Statement governs the manner in which the EIA project activities must be undertaken. 4.6 Responsible Institutions The main government institutions that have roles and responsibilities relevant to this project are summarised below. 4 . 6 . 1 Environmental Protection Agency The Environment Protection Agency (EPA) of the Ministry of Housing and Environment has responsibility for efficient operation of the EIA process. This encompasses a number of tasks, including screening of projects and provision of general procedural advice to the project proponents throughout the EIA process. The EPA manages the review of the EIA report and is responsible for any approvals or recommendations associated with the EIA. It is also responsible for verifying that environmental protection measures are properly implemented by undertaking environmental audits in collaboration with other government as well as non-government agencies with a role for environmental protection and preservation. 4 . 6 . 2 Ministry of Environment and Energy The Ministry of Housing and Environment is mandated for the effective implementation of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (law 4/93) of the country and has the statutory power over issues related to the environment. It has the central control over the environment protection, management, conservation and environmental emergencies. The Ministry operates mainly at a policy level and the more regulatory and technical assessment activities are mandated to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In this respect EPA has now been mandated to manage all issues relating to Environmental Impact Assessment of individual projects. 4.7 Relevant Policies 4 . 7 . 1 T h i r d National Environment Action Plan The Third National Environment Action Plan is divided into principles, results and goals to achieve the results. Some of the fundamental principles prescribed in NEAP 3, which have been incorporated into this environmental impact assessment exercise include local democracy, informed decision making, continuous learning and improvement, right to information and participation and most importantly the complementing role of environmental protection in socio-economic development. The proposed project is expected to provide a learning experience in terms of effectiveness of the use of EIA as a planning instrument and appropriate monitoring for which specific focus is laid in Objective 24.1 of NEAP 3 (Ministry of Housing, Transport and Environment, 2009). 4 . 7 . 2 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan The goals of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan are conserve biological diversity and sustainably utilize biological resources, build capacity for biodiversity conservation through a strong governance framework, and improved knowledge and understanding, foster community participation, ownership and support for biodiversity conservation (Ministry of Housing and Environment, 2003). In implementing the proposed project activities due care would be given to ensure that the national

15 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll biodiversity strategies are adhered to. The proponent has committed on conservation and protection of the environment while undertaking this proposed project. 4.8 International Conventions 4 . 8 . 1 C o n v e n t i o n on Biological Diversity The Maldives is a party to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. The objective of the convention is “the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appropriate access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding. The proposed development activities outlined in this project does not fall on any area recognised for its ecological value. Therefore it is unlikely there will be a major loss of biodiversity. The loss is not going to be significant at atoll or national level. Yet, it is recommended that the developer ensures that mitigation measures are taken to reduce the impact of terrestrial biodiversity.

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5 Project Descriptions 5.1 P roject Proponent The proponent for this project is Hassan Adil of S.Maradhoo and he will be investing to develop the agriculture\al centre at L. Mendhoo. The island has been awarded to Hassan Adil by Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture. The agreement number between Hassan Adil and Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture is (AGR)/30-E/INDIV//2017/34 dated 5th June 2017. The proponent for this project is familiar with commercial agriculture and is already active in different types of business in the Maldives. 5.2 Project Location and Study Area The proposed agriculture development project would be implemented at Laamu Mendhoo. The project location and boundary are illustrated in Figure 2. Nearest inhabited islands are Hithadhoo and Kunahandhoo which are approximately at 120m and 260m respectively. Nearest airport to the project site is L. Kahdhoaa Airport located at 16 Km northwest from project site.

Figure 2: Project location. Photo, Google Earth. Mendhoo Island was previously used as medium to large scale agricultural island as the island is large and has rich soil suited for agriculture. This island was used by Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture as training island for Agricultural farming and many of the citizens of this atoll has benefitted from the said training and have started their own business.

5.3 Need and Justification In order to increase the productivity of the Maldives economy and to ensure the availability and affordability of food staples for the citizens it is to ensure the access of such paths for food production locally on the islands. All the islands in Maldives should not only be used for tourism but it is

17 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll important to use some of these islands to increase the economic productivity in areas such as agriculture. It has been a challenge to develop a commercially viable agricultural product on an island without compromising the natural environment of an island. The main aim of this agricultural project on the island of L. Mendhoo is to find a profitable crops and to use as much of the land of the island as can be used for growing these products and to lessen the import of these specific products from other countries. The proposed project has been designed protecting the mangrove patch which is located on the northern side of the island. This project is shaped according to the fragile environment of the island and to lessen the impact on to the environment. Work is planned for introduction of sustainable agricultural methods to ensure the use of efficient technology. Fertilizers will be made locally by reusing the green waste generated on the island. Biological pest control methods would be adopted to reduce the impact on the groundwater and sensitive environment of the island. An integrated approach would be adopted for the use of water by harvesting rainwater and supplementing with desalinated water. A huge amount of both bananas and tomatoes are imported each year draining a large reservoir of foreign currency. The project will produce fresh, marketable fruits and will sell in compatible price, which will assist to reduce the import of these fruits to the country. In the long run, the project will focus on introducing tissue culture in various fruit production, and other advance technologies in agriculture to the community, also the project will accommodate a "Market ferry-boat", that will be used to distribute the products fresh from farm/site to the consumers. The main aim of this agricultural project on the island of L.Mendhoo is to find a profitable crops and to use as much of the land of the island. This can be used for growing these products and to lessen the import of these specific products from other countries. The main purposes of this project are: 1. To analyze crops which can be produced in the Maldives among those products that are being imported from other countries spending millions of dollars and to market these produces at an affordable rate. 2. To sustain the soil and land of Mendhoo and protect its sensitive environment for the generations to come. 3. To create employment opportunities for Maldivians. 4. Since the facility at the island would undertake specialized agricultural activity, the development at the island would create opportunities attain higher degrees in this agro- farming field. Apart from introduction and promotion of agriculture on the island, promoting awareness among the youth of the society will also be carried out at the island. To establish Mendhoo as a pleasant working environment, good quality accommodation as executive accommodation for executive staff and researcher will be built as part of the proposed development. This would ensure good international researchers spend time in the facility as to ensure knowledge and technology transfer to the Maldives. 5.4 Project Details The main aim of this agricultural project on the island of Mendhoo is to develop a commercially viable agriculture activity on the island. The projects will establish, commercial production of papaya, water melons, chillies, bananas and tomatoes by operating and managing a fully functioning facilities for a large scale banana crop development & production and hydroponic facility for the production of tomatoes. The works that will be undertaken by this project are shaped according to the fragile environment and to lessen the impact of any damages to the island environment. In accordance to these guidelines, work is planned for sustainable agro-farming ensuring the use of environment friendly technology. Under this project, fertilisers will be made using the waste on the island itself and with the help of imported fertilisers, different types of fruits and vegetables will be grown.

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As part of the social responsibility programme, creating awareness on other advance agriculture techniques among the laamu atoll community would be implemented. 5.5 P r o d u c t i on of Bananas Banana is profitable fruit having a higher demand. The scale and amount of production had increased and yet to meet the demand huge amount are being imported. Bananas are fast-growing herbaceous perennials arising from underground rhizomes. The fleshy stalks or pseudostems formed by upright concentric layers of leaf sheaths constitute the functional trunks. The true stem begins as an underground corm which grows upwards, pushing its way out through the centre of the stalk 10-15 months after planting, eventually producing the terminal inflorescence which will later bear the fruit. Each stalk produces one huge flower cluster and then dies. New stalks then grow from the rhizome. Banana plants are extremely decorative, ranking next to palm trees for the tropical feeling they lend to the landscape. 5 . 5 . 1 S o i l Bananas will grow in most soils, but to thrive, they should be planted in a rich, well-drained soil. The best possible location would be above an abandoned compost heap. They prefer an acid soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. A spacing of minimum 2.0 meter should be maintain between two plants for suitable sunlight and pits of 0.6x0.6x0.6 meters are ideal sizes for planting bananas. 5 . 5 . 2 I r r i g a t i o n The large leaves of bananas use a great deal of water. Regular deep watering is necessity during warm weather. Do not let plants dry out, but do not overwater. Standing water, especially in cool weather, will cause root rot. Plants grow in dry monsoon need periodic deep watering to help leach the soil of salts. Spread a thick layer of mulch on the soil to help conserve moisture and protect the shallow roots. Container grown plants should be closely watched to see that they do not dry out. An occasional deep watering to leach the soil is also helpful. 5 . 5 . 3 Fertilizatio n The rapid growth rate make bananas heavy feeders. During warm weather, apply a balanced fertilizer once a month (8:10:8 NPK fertilizer). A mature plant may require as much as 1-1/2 to 2 pounds of the suitable fertilizer each month. Young plants need a quarter to a third as much. Spread the fertilizer evenly around the plant in a circle extending 1.5 - 2.5 metre from the trunk. Do not allow the fertilizer to come in contact with the trunk. 5 . 5 . 4 Land preparation Plough the land thoroughly. If possible, plough 2-3 times followed by harrowing particularly those areas that have been previously planted to other crops. Rows of banana are laid out at their proper distance and markers (pegs) placed at the pre-determined distance between hills in a row. Dig the holes 50-60 cm in diameter and 60-80 cm deep, depending on the size of the sucker to be planted. Suckers should have many healthy roots without symptoms of nematodes or borer damage such as nodulation and internal lesions. Preparation of plant material: Suckers 1-to 1.2 meter tall which are taken from healthy and vigorous growing clumps are the most practical and recommendable planting materials. Generally, distance of planting can be 2-4 meters. However, 3 m x 3m is the regularly used planting distance, requiring average of 1000 suckers per hectare. If the fruits are to be sold weight, a closer distance of planting will be desirable in order to get a higher yield per unit area. On the other hand, if the fruits are to be sold by counting the fingers, a wider distance of planting is desirable. This will enable the plants to produce bigger bunches. Bananas in general can be planted any time of the year. However, the time of planting is very important, planting should be done at the start of the rainy season to afford the newly planted sucker an adequate amount of moisture. Dig holes 0.5-0.6 m deep. Place one sucker in the hole in vertical

19 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll position and fill it with surface soil. If possible, press down the soil around the base of the sucker to avoid air spaces in the hole 5 . 5 . 5 Propagation Propagation of bananas is done with rhizomes called suckers. Very small suckers are called buttons. Large suckers are the preferred planting material. These are removed from vigorous clumps with a spade when at least three feet tall, during warm months. Suckers should not be taken until a clump has at least three to four large plants to anchor it. When suckers is taken the cut must be into the mother plant enough to obtain some roots. Plant close to the surface. Large leaves are cut off of the suckers leaving only the youngest leaves or no leaves at all. 5 . 5 . 6 Fruit Harvest The fruit can be harvested by cutting the stalk when the bananas are plump but green. For tree-ripened fruit, cut one hand at a time as it ripens. If latter is done, check stalk daily as rodents can eat the insides of every banana, from above, and the stalk will look untouched. Once harvested the stalk should be hung in a cool, shady place. Since ethylene helps initiate and stimulate ripening, and mature fruit gives off this gas in small amounts, ripening can be hastened by covering the bunch with a plastic bag. Plantains are starchy types that are cooked before eating. 5 . 5 . 7 Weeding & Cultivation Banana needs little or no cultivation because of its shallow root system and the greater part of it is within the top six inches of the soil. If possible, cultivation should be done not beyond six inches. To control weeds, it is advisable to either cutlass and leaves them to rot, or apply recommended herbicides. 5 . 5 . 8 De- s u c k e r i n g This is done to remove undesirable or unnecessary suckers succeeding the plant that has already fruited and maintain the correct population density of two suckers per clump/ hill. Retain those suckers that are deeply embedded in the soil. Keep the sucker in a straight line to facilitate movement through the rows. By permitting two suckers to grow from each hill, the population is virtually doubled and the planting distance is thereby reduced by one-half. 5.6 Hydroponic Culture of Tomatoes 5 . 6 . 1 Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) An NFT system pumps the nutrient solution from the reservoir onto a slightly downwards sloping growing area. The solution, now aided by gravity, will slowly trickle down the slope and back into the reservoir in a continuous cycle. The plants are suspended above the solution, their roots hanging down below, barely touching the slow trickle of nutrients. These systems are very much proven systems used for commercially to grow tomatoes. Whilst NFT is effective, there can with the plants higher up the growing area receiving more nutrients than the plants lower down (inevitably). There can also be problems with the roots becoming entangled too. 5 . 6 . 2 Drip Irrigation system It's been witnessed an increasing trend of commercial hydroponics growers favouring this type of system. It works in a similar way to the ebb and flow system, however rather than simply flooding the grow tray, the nutrient solution is pumped along a network of tubes where it is “drip-fed” to individual plants, allowing to fully customize the system to cater to the needs of each plant. The system helps to have much control as possible in the growing process, and so this system suits many tomato growing needs perfectly, as well as having a little more elegance than a simple “flood and drain” system. 5 . 6 . 3 B a s i c C a r e Hydroponically grown tomato plants do best when they receive 16 to 18 hours of light each day and are watered through a drip-irrigation system or a flood-and-drain table. The optimum pH range of the

20 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll nutrient solution for growing tomato plants is 5.8 to 6.3. Lower the pH level by adding phosphoric acid, and raise it by adding potassium hydroxide. Change the nutrient solution weekly. Pollinating your hydroponic tomatoes by hand, preferably with a soft paintbrush, further ensures a maximum yield. 5.7 T e c h n o logy Transfer This project proposed for Mendhoo will be carried out using modern technology used in agriculture. For this, the Automatic Irrigation System to provide water for the crops is the latest technology would help to lessen the burden of labour and designed with regard to fragile environments will also be used. Apart from promoting agro-farming on the island, promoting awareness among the youth of the Maldivian society will also be carried out. For this purpose, students from schools of the neighbouring islands will be invited to the island and work carried out will be shown and information will be provided. Also, agri-farmers will be invited from Laamu Atoll to Mendhoo when required and work on the island will be shown and information will be provided. 5.8 Employment Opportunities Under this project, 61 employment opportunities would be created in two years’ time. Agro-farming is to be carried out on this island using modern technology and stakes are high for employing locals to carry out almost all the work . This company with a team of Maldivian employees has hands-on experience to work with locals and has the capability to carry out the project employing Maldivians. During the first five years of this project, Mendhoo Agri-farming Project will be a project which employees 80-90% of Maldivians. Just like any other field, opportunities to attain higher degrees in this field and to hone the skills and capabilities would be given for the employees. To establish Mendhoo as a pleasant working environment good quality accommodation blocks for staff will be built as well recreation facilities will be arranged. 5.9 Environmental management and infrastructures The project proposed to carry out in Mendhoo is planned for 25 years. Thus, it is obligatory to develop the infrastructure of the island in order to carry out the work in a sustainable way. 5 . 9 . 1 Power plant and diesel tanks The proposed project requires uninterrupted supply of electricity. As such, risk of power failure will be mitigated by using two redundant diesel power generators. The size of these generators is approximately 40kva for the plant and for additional power requirements for staff accommodation and other general services for the island. Suitable sized concrete diesel storage tanks will be store near the power plant. The power plant and diesel tanks will be installed by experienced local contractors. 5 . 9 . 2 Water Resources The primary water source at the island would be rainwater. A secondary source would be desalinated water using reverse osmosis. A desalination plant with a capacity of 50 cubic meters per day is proposed to be installed during the early stage of the project. . The estimated daily water demand for the development in the operation would be 50 m3, inclusive of the requirements for irrigation of the grounds. Two rainwater tanks with capacity of 100 tones will be installed near the accommodation area. An irrigation system will be installed across the island to supply water to the hydroponic houses. Water supply to the irrigation system will be a combination of desalinated water and rainwater where available. As Drip Irrigation Technology will be used to provide water for the plants, the system will provide the amount of water needed directly to the base of the plants. The Irrigation System will use the water collected in the tanks.

21 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

A main pump house and smaller pump stations on a needs-basis will be constructed to manage the combination of water sources and flow. Groundwater will not be frequently used for irrigation. The exact amount of water required for hydroponics system is difficult to determine, since water requirements depend on several factors, and lack of availability of detailed data for similar projects in similar conditions. The water requirement for Mendhoo is estimated at 70 m 3 / day and 55 m 3 /day in the dry and wet season respectively.

5 . 9 . 3 F e e d water intake The intake for the desalination plant will be through a bore hole from the ground which will be far beneath the aquifer of the island. This will carried out by professional firms and the the depth of the bore hole would be approximately between 15 to 30 meters beneath the ground surface. The feed water would be taken at a depth far below the island’s water lens from the ground surface and the brine will be discharged to the lagoon of the island.

Figure 3: Feed Water Intake from the ground 5 . 9 . 4 J e t t y and Access Channel There was a jetty constructed by the previous owners has been severely damaged now and cannot be used properly. This jetty was built on the northern side of the island to give access to supply vessels and to facilitate transportation of products from the farm. The proponent will renovate the same jetty with concrete footings which will be casted on the land and later placed inside the lagoon. The following two pictures show the location and conditions of the existing jetty and its conditions. The access channel which has been made by the previous party has been filled up with the sand and even a dingy sized boats strands while passing this access channel. Previous parties has excavated the channel and left the dredge spoil on a side which makes the access channel fill up during the course of time. It is proposed to leave the dredge spoil on the same place after deepening the channel.

22 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

5 . 9 . 5 Staff Infra structure and Management There are some infra structures like staff accommodation, mosque and huts constructed by the previous owners. These infra structures will be renovated and used as accommodation buildings office buildings, guard rooms, laundry, restaurant, general stores and go downs in the island. Staff involved in the farming operations will live permanently on the island. The researchers and others involved with agro-farming research will visit to island. Under this project, 60 employment opportunities would be created in two years’ time. Agro-farming is to be carried out on this island using modern technology and stakes are high for employing locals to carry out almost all the work . 5 . 9 . 6 Septic Tank System The island already have a sewage system which include septic tanks and an outfall. The sewage outfall is proposed to be used as on the same location which is on the eastern side of the island. The outfall will be extended beyond house reef at a depth of about 5 meters. Waste Management A waste management site would be designed and developed as part of the development. The site will be demarcated and equipped with basic waste management equipment. Specific areas will be designated for waste sorting, especially for temporary green waste storage. A shredder will be placed for green waste which will be composted to be used as fertilizer and mulch. Due to large scale of agriculture carried out on the island, the proponent has planned for composting activities on the island. All the excess waste (non-green) from the island will be transported via registered vessels to the nearest registered waste management facility. The proposed waste management site will not have any incinerator in the near future. All combustibles (construction waste, general/domestic waste, Food and kitchen waste) will be burnt on the island. Waste oil and grease will be stored in sealed containers and transported to the nearest waste management facility. The proponent will be registering any on-site waste management site and any vessels used for transporting waste to Thilafushi as per the Waste Management Regulation 2013. 5 . 9 . 7 Vegetation Clearing Vegetation clearance will be carried out for creating space for carrying out agriculture and building structures. Total clearance will be needed for new building structures on land. Vegetation clearance will be undertaken using local labour and utilizing other tools such as chain saws, axe, spades and excavators. No trees should be cut or uprooted within the 15m buffer zone from the vegetation line of the island and within the 15m buffer zone around the lake (Article 3 (a,b) of regulation cutting down, uprooting, digging out and export of trees).

23 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

Since the island has large area that had been cleared by the previous island care taker, the land required for vegetation clearance is relatively smaller than proposed. It is estimated that significant area of vegetated zone of the land would be cleared as part of the project. The areas which are marked for clearance have mostly coconut palms, screw pines and low bushes. It is estimated that 1199 coconut palms would be removed as part of the project. The rest are mostly low grown bushes. A detail account of the vegetation of the island would be provided in the first monitoring report submitted as part of the post environmental monitoring programme for this project.

5 . 9 . 8 Environmental Protection Buffer area around mangroves

Mendhoo is a large size island that has Sensitive Areas due a patch of mangrove ecosystem found on the island. The development on the island would be carried out by leaving a buffer from the mangroves areas. This would significantly reduce the impacts on the mangroves found the island due to the proposed agriculture development on the island. In fact the developer has no plans to do any activities on that half of the island for this phase.

5 . 1 0 Project Schedule Construction is expected to begin in December 2018 upon receipt of the EIA decision statement. As soon as the EIA is approved and a decision statement is issued, the project activities will initiate, including mobilization and finalizing the contractor. Mobilization of the workforce will begin from then onwards (transporting materials and arranging other logistics). A draft project schedule is outlined below and a detail project schedule is attached as an annex. Timeline (months) Activity 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Approval for construction Setting out, Site Clearance and Roads Procurement of Machinary and Equipment Construction of civil structures Plot Development & Lab Installation of Hydroponic System Completion of construction work Construction of hydroponics system Machnaries, Plants, Pumps & etc Fishing and clearing Inspection Commencement of operation Table 1: tentative work plan

24 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

5 . 1 1 Project Inputs and Outputs 5 . 1 1 . 1 Project Inputs The types of resources that will go into this project and from where and how these will be obtained are given in the following tables. Input resource(s) Source/Type How to obtain resources Construction workers Maldivians and foreigners Companies labour

Water supply (construction Rainwater and desalinated water Rainwater harvesting for period) rainwater and desalinated water from seawater Electricity/Energy Power from 40 KWA generator Purchase own generators (construction period) Construction machinery Concrete mixer and general Local suppliers construction tools Transport (sea) Sea transport by dhoni and speed Contractor to be in charge of boats. Materials to be transported in this cargo vessels/dhoni. Food Mainly imported sources except a Local purchase few locally available. Fuel, Kerosene and LPG Light Diesel, LPG Gas, Petrol, Local suppliers Lubricants Insecticides, pesticides Imported pesticides and fertilizers Import and purchase locally & Fertilizers Table 2: Matrix of major inputs during construction period 5 . 1 1 . 2 Project Outputs The type of outputs (products and waste streams) and what is expected to happen to the outputs are given in the table below. Products and waste Anticipated quantities Method of disposal materials Sewage and wastewater Estimated to be at 70 Septic tanks Grey water/laundry liters/person/day wastewater Vegetation clearance It is estimated that 1200 If an interested party is available, the (green waste) coconut palms would be coconut palms would be relocated to uprooted as part of the another island. If not, it would be project disposed as green waste Construction and 20-40 cubic meters of debris Stockpile and send to nearest waste general waste from / week during construction management center construction activities phase Hazardous waste Approximately 150 liters of Barreled and stored until disposal. diesel and oils per month transported to disposed to a designated waste disposal facility Noise Only localised to the island - environment Air pollution Limited quantities of dust Mainly arising as a result of dust emission from the construction work such as cement mixing, moving machinery and other processes. Only localized Table 3: Matrix of major outputs of environmental significance during construction stage

25 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

5 . 1 1 . 3 Risks associated with the project The risk factors associated with this project that could possibly have financial and environmental implications. Firstly, this project proposed in Mendhooo, Laamu Atoll is an island that possess sensitive environment. Moreover within the island, there is a patch of mangrove which is considered as sensitive environments. Therefore the activities under this project have risks that it can impact the terrestrial environment of the island.

There is also the risk of project delays caused by bad weather. Since the project is scheduled to be completed in 24 months, construction period falls towards the south west monsoon which is the wet season. However, as the weather is unpredictable, bad weather can disrupt the construction, mainly material transport. However, it is unlikely to be a significant risk. Risks associated with poor contractor performance can be avoided or minimized by awarding the contract to only experienced contractors with experience in working in similar situations. Therefore, work delays will be least impacted. The most important risk associated with this project is the damage to the terrestrial environment as a result to the overall construction process. The mobilization of equipment, movement of labour in and out of the island and use of lagoon for various other purposes will definitely be a risk, especially if workers are not briefed properly about the fragile environment. This is mostly associated with abuse by unskilled workers during the construction period. These risks can be minimized by awarding the contract to experienced contractors and for those who can manage the labour force and control these activities and provide environmental protection plans and adhere to them. These issues will be addressed by the project proponent.

26 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

6 Methodology The section covers methodologies used to collect data on the existing environment. The key environmental and socio-economic components of the project that were considered are physical environment, social and coral reef areas as the marine environment. In order to study the existing environment of the island, the following data collection methodologies were used during the field visits undertaken in 30 – 31st May 2018 to the island. Field visits mainly covered water quality, terrestrial flora, fauna, marine environment and lagoon condition of the proposed project sites. In addition, stakeholder consultations were carried out on 30th May 2018 with the atoll council in L. .

6.1 General Methodologies of data collection Conditions of the existing environment were analysed by using appropriate scientific methods. The environmental components of the study area were divided into marine and terrestrial environment. The marine environment of the island covered the house reef, especially eastern and western side of Mendhoo, around the area of the proposed jetty as part of the development. The terrestrial environment covered vegetation of the island.

6.2 Mapping and Location identification The entire island, including reef line, shore line, vegetation line and marine survey locations were mapped. Mapping was undertaken using hand held differential GPS. The location of data collection sites were marked using handheld GPS. These data collection points include water sampling locations, marine survey areas and proposed borrow area.

6.3 Marine Survey To assess the benthic composition of the survey site, an LIT transect of 20 meters were undertaken. The benthic categorization was focused on categorizing life forms followed under the Reef Check protocol, which emphasises on benthic composition categorizing such as hard corals, sand, rock and others. The emphasis is not on recording corals to their species levels, but rather the general coral and other life forms such as hard and soft corals. This method is more accurate as the percentage of healthy coral cover and other life forms can be more accurately recorded even by a non experienced surveyor. Recording corals to their species levels will pose difficulty if the surveyor is not familiar with the different coral types. This method is universally used throughout the world by Reef Check surveyors and hence it has been used. The 20 meter segment was divided in to 2 segments, each 10 m long. This LIT method was also complimented by qualitative methods, such as visual observations and through the use of photos. Fish counts were also undertaken to get a snapshot of the fish population. Details of these methodologies are discussed in the methodology section. The following are definition of benthic categories used in this survey.  HC: All living coral including bleached coral; includes fire, blue and organ pipe corals  SC: Include zoanthids but not anemones (OT)  RKC: Coral that has died within the past year; appears fresh and white or with corallite structures still recognizable  NIA: All macro-algae except coralline, calcareous and turf (record the substrate beneath for these); Halimeda is recorded as OT; turf is shorter than 3cm.  SP: All erect and encrusting sponges (but no tunicates).  RC: Any hard substrate; includes dead coral more than 1 yr old and may be covered by turf or encrusting coralline algae, barnacles, etc.  RB: Reef rocks between 0.5 and 15cm in diameter  SD: Sediment less than 0.5cm in diameter; in water, falls quickly to the bottom when dropped.  SI: Sediment that remains in suspension if disturbed; recorded if color of the underlying surface is obscured by silt.

27 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

 OT: Any other sessile organism including sea anemones, tunicates, gorgonians or non-living substrate. Sea grass has been categorized under OT. General impression and quantitative results of the sites surveyed are described in the marine environment section.

Figure 4: Marine water sampled locations of the Island

6.4 Bathymetric survey A bathymetric survey was undertaken for the purpose of EIA to assess the baseline condition of the proposed jetty area on north eastern side of the island. The bathymetric survey map is attached as annexed as an annex D to this report.

6.5 G r o u n d water quality The ground water samples were taken on clean bottles and the sample locations were marked using a GeoXT GPS, the positions of the locations were identified. The samples were then taken to Maldives Water and Sewerage Company Laboratory for testing and the copy of the original result sheets are attached in the annex of this report.

28 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

Figure 5: groundwater sampled locations

6.6 S o c i o - e c o n o m i c condition and stakeholder consultation A stakeholder consultation was undertaken as part of the Environment Impact Assessment for the agriculture project. The purpose of the consultation is to get stakeholders view on the project and analyse the potential impact of the project might have on the residence of the nearby islands and to the atoll. Consultations were held through meetings at Laamu Fonadhoo and Male’.

6.7 Data Analysis The EIA consultants used their experience and knowledge in their respective fields to analyse the data from the previous studies and field visits in order to determine the potential impacts of the proposed project, the severity of effects arising from these impacts and how any adverse impacts can be best mitigated and positive impacts enhanced. This analysis provides recommendations on actions and mitigation measures and provides the basis for the formulation of the environmental monitoring plan. The process and findings of the study is reported in the EIA report compiled for this project.

6.8 Report Format The report format and structure presented here follows the report formatting guidelines issued by EPA.

29 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

7 Existing Environment

The baseline information of the proposed project and surrounding area were collected through primary data collected during the study period (July 2018) and available secondary data. The environmental baseline data includes general geography, meteorology, demographic status, geology, ecologically protected areas, terrestrial and marine environment, bathymetry, tidal conditions, etc. A detailed description of baseline data compiled through the surveys and monitoring is provided in the following subsections.

7.1 Geographic Setting Maldives has a total of 1,192 islands, distributed over 26 natural that encompass an area of approximately 107,500 km2 of which less than 1.9 percent is land area. The country’s total land area is estimated to approximately 300 km2, with islands varying in size from 0.5 km2 to 5.0 km2. Only 197 of the islands are inhabited. The islands consist of coral, sea grass, seaweed, mangrove and sand dune ecosystems which are of great ecological and socio-economic significance. Located about 270 km south of Malé, Mendhoo Island is considered as a large size inhabited island in Laamu Atoll. Mendhoo is located at geographical coordinates 1°47'14.37"N, 73°22'56.02"E. The island has an area of 66 hectres. The nearest islands are Hithadhoo and Kunahandhoo which are approximately at 120m and 260m away respectively. Nearest airport to the project site is L.Kahdhoo Airport located approximately at 16 km northeast from project site.

7.2 Geological Conditions The Maldive islands occupy the central portion of the 3,000 km-long Laccadive-Chagos submarine ridge, which is a major feature of the Indian Ocean seafloor. They form a double chain of north-south oriented parallel atolls separated by an inner sea. The atolls rest on a submarine plateau that is 275- 700 m deep, 700 km long and up to 130 km wide. Several east-west trending deep channels (~1000m) separate the atoll groups.

Figure 6: Existing environment of the Island

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The islands are low-lying and began forming between 3,000 and 5,500 years ago. They represent the most recent deposition along a submarine plateau that is underlain by approximately 2,100 m of mostly shallow-water carbonates resting on a slowly-subsiding volcanic foundation. Island shorelines consist of sand, gravel, and a variety of engineering structures. The country’s beach systems are highly dynamic and subject to seasonal conditions, especially from monsoons. Although Maldives is located away from the main pathways of tropical cyclones, the presence of gravel beach ridges and cemented conglomerates attest to the fact that storm waves are an important element in the development of the islands. Erosion and accretion are, in fact, ongoing processes to which local communities have adapted in the past. Increases in population and the development of permanent infrastructure in close proximity to shorelines, however, have made erosion a prominent hazard to the country’s social and economic well-being. It is estimated that 80% of the islands are one metre or less above mean sea level. Their low elevation makes them particularly vulnerable to storms and changes in sea level. The prospect of global sea level rise and its potentially catastrophic impact on low-lying islands makes erosion management all the more urgent.

7.3 Meteorological Conditions Meteorology at Maldives is monitored by the Maldives Meteorological Service (MMS) through three stations as detailed in Table 2 below. The stations monitor rainfall, temperature, wind and tide levels at the islands. The secondary data presented in this section has been sourced from recordings of MMS monitoring stations. Table 2: Geographical Coordinates of the Meteorological Centres in Maldives

Location Latitude Longitude Tide gauge National Meteorological Centre, Malé 04.19°N 73.53°E Yes HD. Hanimaadhoo Meteorological Office 06.75°N 73.17°E Yes L, Meteorological Office 01.86°N 72.10°E No Hourly meteorological data was also collected for Hulhule for the period 1990-2009. The data includes parameters such as atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction and precipitation which is provided in the subsequent section 7 . 3 . 1 C l i m a t e Maldives is located at the equator and experiences monsoonal climate. Maldives has two distinct seasons; dry season (northeast monsoon) and wet season (southwest monsoon). In these two seasons the temperature remains more or less the same. . Northeast monsoon extends from January to March. Since Maldives consists of small islands and are surrounded by sea, hot days are often tempered by cooling sea breezes and evening temperatures drops. Throughout the year, temperature remains almost same in the Maldives. However, daily temperature ranges from around 31oC in daytime to 23oC in night-time. The mean daily maximum temperature for Central parts (Hulhule) of the Maldives is 30.5oC and minimum temperature is 25.7oC. On the other hand, mean daily maximum and minimum temperature for South (Gan) is 30.9oC and 24.5oC, respectively. The wet season- southwest monsoon runs from mid-May to November. In this season Maldives experiences torrential rain. Central, Southern and Northern parts of the Maldives receive annual average rainfall of 1924.7mm, 2277.8mm, and 1786.4mm, respectively. The highest rainfall ever recorded in the Maldives with in 24 hour period was on 9th July 2002 at Kaadedhdhoo Meteorological Office and amounts to 219.8mm of rainfall. Maldives being located at the equator, receives plentiful of sunshine throughout the year. On average Southern atolls (Gan) of the Maldives receives 2704.07 hours of sunshine each year. Furthermore, on average central (Hulhule) parts of the country receives

31 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

2784.51 hours of sunshine per year. The relative humidity in Maldives ranges from 73% to 85%.The monthly average sunshine and rainfall is presented in the figure below.

Figure 7: Monthly Average Rainfall and Sunshine 7 . 3 . 2 Tide levels The tidal regime is semi-diurnal with diurnal inequalities (twice daily). That means 2 high tides and 2 low tides per day, with different heights. Typical spring and neap tidal ranges are approximately 1.0 m and 0.3 m, respectively. 7.4 E x i s t i n g Marine Environment The marine environmental survey at Mendhoo Island was focused on 3 sites as illustrated in the following diagram. Site selection for the marine survey was based on areas where the harbour channel would be dredged, and alternative site. Methodology and general composition and quantitative results of the sites surveyed are described below.

7 . 4 . 1 Methodology of marine surveys Several methods are available to estimate the percent benthic cover on coral reefs. Some of the common methods are, rapid visual assessment, line-point intercept, and photo-quadrat surveys. For this particular survey, a photo quadrate method was used. Photo quadrate surveys involve taking photos at a fixed distance from the substrate generally at a random or regular intervals along a transect line. The photo quadrate surveys are undertaken as follows. A transect line of 20 metres at each site, surveyor then places a half a metre quadrate made from PVC along the transect line and takes a photo directly vertically. The second photo is then taken along in the same manner after approximately 1 m away from the first photo. In this manner, photos are taken along the transect line and in total, 10 photos on each transect line is taken. A total of two transects were done in each site. 7 . 4 . 2 Data Processing Methodology Analysis of the photos were done using a computer program called, CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel extensions). This is an internationally recognized software used all over the word to assess the benthic composition of the reefs. In this programme, photographs are analyzed using a pre-defined benthic categories. Depending on the type of survey, these categories can be user defined at any given level. Users can have very complex levels ranging from individual coral families or have broader assessments categories. As the objective of this survey was to assess the impact of dredging and

32 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll reclamation, it made sense to use a broader categories. Hence, benthic categories adopted by the Reef Check protocol was utilized. A text file containing these categories were created and imported to CPCe. The Reef Check protocol allows categorizing life forms followed under the Reef Check protocol, which emphasizes on benthic composition categorizing such as hard corals, sand, rock and others. The emphasis is not on recording corals to their species levels, but rather the general coral and other life forms such as hard and soft corals. This method is more accurate as the percentage of healthy coral cover and other life forms can be more accurately recorded even by a non-experienced surveyor. The following are definition of benthic categories used in this survey.  HC: All living coral including bleached coral; includes fire, blue and organ pipe corals  SC: Include zoanthids but not anemones (OT)  ALG: All algae (Macro/ Fleshy, Halimeda, coralline, turf)  DC: dead standing coral.  SP: All erect and encrusting sponges (but no tunicates).  RC: Any hard substrate; includes dead coral more than 1 year old and may be covered by turf or encrusting coralline algae, barnacles, etc.  RB: Reef rocks between 0.5 and 15cm in diameter  SD: Sediment less than 0.5cm in diameter; in water, falls quickly to the bottom when dropped.  SI: Sediment that remains in suspension if disturbed; recorded if color of the underlying surface is obscured by silt.  OT: Any other sessile organism including sea anemones, tunicates, gorgonians or non-living substrate. Each of the 10 photos from transect are imported, cropped and prepared for analysis. The CPCe program then generates a matrix of random points overlaid on the image for each point to be visually identified. Users can then input the defined categories for each photo and once all the photos are analysed, the results are displayed on a table.

7.5 Cor a l r e e f Three sites were surveyed to assess the marine environment as baseline for reef benthic community. One site and site two is from the northern side from where the maintenance dredging is proposed. 7 . 5 . 1 Status of coral reef at site M1 Site M1 was chosen from the north-west side of the Island. All sites chosen were similar to each other. Benthic substrate is dominated by sea grass. No-living corals were absorbed during the survey. The following figure outlines the percentage benthic composition at site M2.

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Figure 8: Percentage benthic composition at site M1

Figure 9: Photos from site M1

7.5.1.1 Status of coral reef at site M2

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Site M2 was also chosen from the north-west side of the Island. M2 is similar as M1. Benthic substrate is dominated by sea grass. Sea grass percentage is M2 is greater than M1. No-living corals were absorbed during the survey. The following figure outlines the percentage benthic composition at site M2.

Figure 10: Percentage benthic composition at site M2

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Figure 11: Photos from site M2

7.5.1.2 Status of coral reef at site M3 Site M3 was chosen from the north-east side of the Island, between Mendhoo and Hithadhoo M3 is similar as M1 and M2. Benthic substrate is dominated by sea grass. No-living corals were absorbed during the survey. The following figure outlines the percentage benthic composition at site M2.

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Figure 12: Percentage benthic composition at site M3

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Figure 13: Photos from site M3

7.6 Status of fish abundance The amount and type of fish present at a given site can be a good indicator of the marine environment. For example, increased grazers are generally a sign of increased nutrients in the area, thus decreased coral cover and increased algal cover. Similarly, more live corals will attract more fish and some of the fishes are associated with different types and growth forms of corals. For example, Damselfish like Dascyllus sp. or Chromis sp. are common fish found in branching corals and large schools are often seen around healthy branching corals. In abundance, fish communities were by far dominated by the herbivorous Acanthuridae. Details of the fish census survey are outlined below.

Table 3: Fish abundance based on the fish survey at survey sites Family Site M1 Site M2 Site M3 Angelfishes (Pomacanthidae) - - - Anthias - - - Batfish - - - Bigeyes (Priancanthidae) - - - Blennies - - - Butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) - - - Damselfishes (Pomacentridae) - - - Emperors - - - Fusiliers (Caesionidae) - - - Goatfishes - - -

38 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

Gobies - - - Groupers - - - Hawkfishes - - - Jacks - - - Moorish idol (Zanclidae) - - - Parrotfishes (Scaridae) - - - Pipe fish - - - Rudderfishes (Kyphosidae) - - - Snappers (Lutjanidae) - - - Squirrelfishes (Holocentridae) - - - Surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) - - - Sweetlips - - - Triggerfishes (Balistidae) - - - Sea Urchin C R R

A= Abundant (Meaning that during the 15 minute time swim survey, species counts were recorded more than 50, hence it is difficult to count their numbers). C=Common (Meaning that during the 15 minute time swim survey, they were spotted occasionally and throughout the survey, but their numbers were less than 50) R=Rare (Meaning that during the survey, only few of these species were observed, often 1 or 2. Blank cells indicate zero occurrences.

7.7 Marine water quality and bathymetry The primary objective of the marine water quality sampling was to determine the baseline conditions of the marine water in the project site. Qualitative and quantitative assessments were made on seawater location. The bathymetry of the channel and alternative location is attached as an annex. The following table illustrates the result of the marine water quality test.

Water Quality Site SW1

Physical appearance Clear with particles

Temperature 24.9 oC

pH 8.12

Nitrate 5.0

Turbidity 0.528

Salinity 32.41

Total Dissolved Solids 24800

Faecal Coliforms 0

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Figure 14: Marine survey locations

7.8 E x i s t i n g Terrestrial Environment This section of the report will look into the terrestrial zone of the island environment which includes the vegetation line and the area inside the vegetation line. The terrestrial environment of Mendhoo Island was studied using the two methods described below.  High definition low aerial photography to assess the vegetation and the island as a whole from above.  Ground conditions of the island and by undertaking a visual inspection of the areas where vegetation clearance is required. Transects were selected to study the floral composition and tree classification of the island. Transects were positioned in a way that it gives a clear image if the baseline terrestrial condition of the island. Tree species were identified and recorded.  Testing the ground water quality both quantitatively and qualitatively.

40 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

Figure 15: Vegetation Survey Transect locations 7 . 8 . 1 Floral Landscape The landscape of Mendhoo Island is fairly mature and can be considered diverse and it represents floral landscape of many other such uninhabited islands of Maldives. Some of the trees found in the island for example Madhoshi (Adenanthera pavonina L) are not found in most of the Islands. The main types of plants found in Mendhoo are Hibiscus hastatus (Dhigga), Pandanus absonus (Boa Kashikeyo) and Cocos nucifera (Ruh). In addition to this, Cadamba jasminifl ora (Uni gas) plants and Terminalia catappa (Funa) are also found.

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7 . 8 . 2 Results of the Vegetation S u r v e y 7.8.2.1 Transect T1 The line transect survey conducted in this location was found to contain 6 species of plants. They are illustrated in the figure below. The dominant species observed in this location are Cocos nucifera (Ruh) and Hibiscus hastatus (Dhigga).

Figure 16: Frequency of plant species observed in transect T1 7.8.2.2 Transect T2 The line transect survey conducted in the location T2 was found to contain 8 plant species. They are illustrated in figure below. The dominant plant species observed in this location is Pandanus absonus (Boa Kashikeyo) and Hibiscus hastatus (Dhigga).

Figure 17: Frequency of plant species observed in transect T2 7.8.2.3 Transect T3 The line transect survey conducted in the location T2 was found to contain 7 plant species. They are illustrated in figure below. The dominant plant species observed in this location is Cocos nucifera (Ruh) and Hibiscus hastatus (Dhigga).

42 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

Figure 18: Frequency and average height of plant species found in transect C

7.8.2.4 Coconut Trees The Cocos nucifera plants in the islands range from young to mature and are abundant in the island. In total, there are approximately 1199 mature coconut trees which was enumerated. The following image outlines the coconut trees enumerated using high definition low aerial survey.

Figure 19: Location of coconut trees found in the island

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7.8.2.5 Mangroves There is small patch of mangroves on the southern side of the island. According to EPA, this area of the island is considered as an Environmentally Sensitive Area. Therefore 15m zone starting from the mangrove area edge needs to be left as buffer. Image below shows the location of mangrove patch in Mendhoo Island.

Figure 20: Location of mangrove on the island

7.8.2.6 Terrestrial Fauna No attempts were made to do a detailed survey of their habitat. However, visual observations were done during the field visit to the island. Various species of crabs were observed along the beach and on the beach rocks. Though there was no turtle nests found during the field visit to island. Grey Heron and Maldivian Little Heron were observed on the island during the field visit

7 . 8 . 3 Groundwater Quality Groundwater quality was assessed by taking samples from existing groundwater wells. The water quality results for the sampled wells for each are tabulated in the following table. The minimum groundwater salinity recorded on Mendhoo was 0.12 parts per thousand. The following table 5 shows the results of the ground water samples analysed.

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Water Quality Site SW1 Site SW2 Site SW3

Physical appearance Pale yellow with Pale yellow with Pale yellow with particles particles particles

pH 8.24 8.12 7.24

Salinity 0.25 0.12 0.25

Temperature 24.7 24.8 24.8

Nitrate 0.8 0.8 0.9

Nitrogen Ammonia 0.39 0.51 1.70

Sulphate 20 <10 (LoQ 10 mg/L) 27

Phosphate 0.09 0.11 0.27

BOD 2 1 7

Faecal Coliforms 82 TNTC TNTC

Table 4: Results of the groundwater quality in in Mendhoo Island, Laamu Atoll

The following diagram illustrates the ground water sampling locations in Mendhoo Island.

Figure 21: Groundwater sampling locations in Mendhoo Island, Laamu Atoll

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7.8.3.1 Rainfall and Infiltration

Data from Maldives Meteorological Service (MMS) shows that annual average rainfall in Maldives is about 2107mm in 2016. There is a marked variation in rainfall across Maldives with an increasing trend towards south. The annual rainfall in 2016 in north is 1715.6mm and for south is 2402.8mm (MMS, 2017). The southwest monsoon is known as wet monsoon with monthly average rainfall ranging from 125-250mm. The northeast monsoon is known as the dry season with average monthly rainfall of 50-75mm.

Figure 22: Monthly average rainfall 2010-2016 (Source: Maldives Meteorological Service)

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Figure 23: Monthly rainfall data of S. Gan station for 2016 (Source: Maldives Meteorological Service) Groundwater recharge from infiltration of rainwater is one of the primary resources of freshwater available to Mendhoo. Freshness of groundwater will depend on amount of rainfall to the island as the groundwater recharge from rainfall replenishes the thin freshwater lens that sits on top of brackish salt water beneath the island. Infiltration capacity of the rainwater will depend on the porosity of the soil. Previous studies done in Maldives indicate that most of the islands of Maldives have the recharge capacity of 30% of the total rainfall (Falkland, 2000). This will depend on the porosity of the soil and open spaces available in the island for rainwater to infiltrate to ground. Most islands of Maldives might be assumed to be having a good infiltration capacity as the island consists of coral sand and limestone soils. For the recharge of the groundwater, it is very important to direct rainwater to open spaces or wells to allow the rainwater to seep into ground.

8 Analysis of Alternatives This section looks at alternative ways of undertaking the various alternatives of the proposed project. There are two basic options: (1) leave the island as its form without undertaking the development (no project option) or (2) undertake the proposed agriculture development (undertake the project options). If the project were to continue, it would be necessary to take technical and social aspects of the project into consideration and ensure that these concerns are adequately considered before taking decisions. It is therefore important to consider practicable options and ensure that the best available options are chosen. The following section details the development options. 8.1 No Development Option The “No Development Option” implies not proceeding with the agriculture development project on the island. The advantage of this option is that adverse environmental impacts associated with the project are avoided. The disadvantages are: high cost of imported fruits and vegetables to consumers, lack of job opportunities for locals and training opportunities for locals. Hence the socio-economic benefits outweigh the potential negative environmental and social effects. Therefore, the “No Development Option” is not recommended.

47 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

8.2 Design Alternatives 8 . 2 . 1 Alternative Energy Source With the help of scientists in relevant fields the project team can investigate alternate means of generating the required energy for the island from renewable sources. These will include use of solar thermal technology. Solar thermal technology can be utilized for desalination plant so that the water requirements of the island can be met without the need to use energy for desalination. 8 . 2 . 2 Spatial use of the island for the agricultural activity Already agricultural activities has been done by the previous parties on this island. The northern side of the island has got a significant area of wet land and the proponent does not want carry out any activities on this half of the island. It has been proposed to use the south side of the island for the agricultural activity. Some parts of the island has been left to preserve the “sensitive area” of the island. Mangrove found on the island is an environment where mangrove type agriculture could be carried out at the island. 8 . 2 . 3 Use land to cultivate crops The land of the island could be used to cultivate crops as done in most of the island. This would reduce the investment cost for the setting up of greenhouses and hydroponics system. This alternative has not been considered as the condition of the soil is poor as such large amount of soil conditioners and water is needed to carry out the agricultural activity. 8 . 2 . 4 Alternative locations for the water intake Alternative method to obtain the feed water will be to use a borehole at the island. Since the island is ìs large and the excavation required to lay the pipe and securing it in the lagoon will be difficult. 8 . 2 . 5 Alternative Sewerage System It is proposed to install a septic tank sewerage system on the island. However, a networked sewerage system with a supporting Sewerage Treatment Plant can be considered. An STP could reduce the ground water pollution and related health effects associated with it. In particular, the proposed agricultural activities on the island may the use of an STP. The small number of people on the island is unlikely to severely affect the island and operating a septic tank system is possible.

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9 Stakeholder Consultation and Socio Economic Impact 9.1 S ocio Economic Profile The total population of Maldives was 341,256 in 2014 (Census, 2014). In July 2006, the population of the Maldives was 298,968 (Census, 2006). There is 1.56% increase in average annual growth of population from 2006 to 2014. In 2006 the population of the Maldives crossed the 300,000 mark. Total Maldivian population is projected to reach over 400,000 by 2025 (Table 5). Locality 1985 1990 1995 2000 2006 2014 Republic 107.94 105.25 103.69 103.23 102.68 103.13 Male' 129.63 120.70 115.49 108.59 100.56 98.87 Atolls 101.43 100.36 99.93 101.28 103.82 105.93 HA 92.59 92.25 91.25 88.21 87.85 83.39 HDh 87.23 85.79 88.67 88.76 85.91 84.15 Sh 93.18 91.71 91.23 90.67 89.55 83.46 N 90.35 87.24 88.77 85.47 84.57 84.19 R 98.86 98.89 96.05 96.31 93.65 91.09 B 105.49 100.52 102.98 108.28 107.99 93.22 Lh 95.49 112.75 97.64 108.83 106.15 86.39 K 1-/ 128.51 227.72 211.33 227.04 239.74 125.68 2-/ 99.27 - - - - - AA - 136.10 134.09 132.34 136.33 102.85 ADh - 99.96 119.94 129.43 129.06 98.38 V 121.64 134.39 113.21 127.37 121.82 119.78 M 97.73 100.10 99.14 96.67 105.59 95.07 F 89.42 84.60 92.28 101.95 94.37 91.67 Dh 97.24 96.86 98.71 102.28 107.82 95.49 Th 94.21 92.09 96.32 93.98 98.57 97.11 L 98.05 101.44 96.52 101.71 106.12 98.77 GA 99.80 98.45 97.54 99.93 102.65 108.13 GDh 90.44 92.94 94.99 92.92 96.03 102.24 Gn 86.35 91.30 88.08 85.24 87.20 83.06 S 88.66 83.90 84.96 80.70 87.28 90.88 Table 5: Sex ratio of population by locality (source: Bureau of Statistics, 2016) One third of the population lives in the capital, Male, which has an area of less than 2 sq. km. The rest of the population is scattered over approximately 198 Islands. The average population size of these islands is 900. Only 15 islands have over 2,000 inhabitants, while 11 have less than 200. The dispersed population is not only a constraining factor to equitable and balanced social and economic development, but also imposes serious development challenges – particularly in terms of transportation and utilities. The Table 6 below shows the population of the islands in Laamu Atoll. There is a significant increase of an island’s population between two census periods in the Maldives namely 2006 to 2014. Gan has the largest population in Laamu atoll followed by Fonadhoo. The closest inhabited islands to Mendhoo are Hithadhoo and Kunahandhoo and there population are 1011 and 657 respectively and the details are shown in Table 8 as below

49 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

Table 6: Population of the islands in Laamu Atoll Name of Island Population 2014 Dhan'bidhoo 569 FONADHOO 2203 178 Gan 3543 Hithadhoo 1011 944 Kalaidhoo 467 Kunahandhoo 657 650 898 1270 236 Source: Maps of Maldives, 2nd Edition by Water Solutions. Undertaking the agriculture project will help to create additional incentive for the development of the atoll. The island is situated strategically near Hithadhoo and Kunahandhoo and is a potential island to create development to the atoll. Table 7: Summary of socio economic environment of the atoll

Demography Economic Activities Agriculture, guest house jobs, resort jobs and government sectors are the main income generating employment in the atoll. There are reef fishing vessels which sell their catch to nearby resorts. Most of the islands employment is in government sector and tourism sector. Public transport There are regular land and sea transportation inside the atoll. Private boats, cars, vans are available for hire in the atoll. As Mendhoo is a leased island for private agricultural development, public do not have access to the island and there are nor scheduled ferries operated yet. Water Supply There is no desalination plant at the island. Groundwater and rainwater are the main source of water. Waste Management Waste is managed in island by open burning and storing the metal, glass and plastics. Energy Supply There is no 24 hours electricity provided and self-operated generators are used when required. Health No Health Center on the project island. Education No schools on the projected island Road based transport Access roads are made to the administrative buildings and to the agricultural fields by previous activities. There is an operational 2 ton pick-up and a motorbike available on the island.

50 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

9.2 Socio Economic Impact o f Agriculture project 9 . 2 . 1 Positive Impact of p r o j e c t The project would help to improve job opportunity and availability of fruits and vegetables to the residents of Laamu atoll and to the resorts in and out of Laamu atoll. This would be a huge benefit for the Laamu. Atoll community. This project will increase the economic activity at the islands which would create additional employment opportunity to the resident community. In addition to this the training arrangements done for the atoll community was understood in the stake holder meeting with atoll council. 9.2.1.1 Opportunities for Tourism Sector- Guest Houses Demand for Guest house are increasing at a faster speed in Laamu Atoll. Guest houses are being operated in the resident island especially in Gan and Fonadhoo. It is anticipated, more and more guest houses would be built on inhabited islands. The proposed project at Mendhoo would facilitate the development of the guest houses at within the atoll as it would enable to provide a more stable and balance diet to the guests at the island. Mendhoo would definitely be an additional attraction to the guests to explore the agriculture in small islands. 9.2.1.2 Opportunities for Construction Industry The agriculture development project will create job opportunities directly and indirectly starting from the planning stage, construction stage, and indirectly or directly to other businesses such as transportation sector, supply of goods & services, retail and whole businesses, café’s and restaurants, and more businesses for the nearby islands. This will create an environment for the youth participation in the development of the project. 9 . 2 . 2 Negative Impact or Concerns regarding the project 9.2.2.1 EPA’s “Sensitive List” Mendhoo also has patches of mangroves although it is not listed in the EPAs sensitive list at the time of this report writing. The areas of the mangroves are seen on the cover page and Figure 25 of this report and the size of this area is approximately 40000 square meters. EPA has requested to have a buffer around the patch of mangroves as no development area. Since the island is a big enough, and no development on the mangrove side of the island will have a much lesser impact of the mangrove area. . The developer is proposing to carry out the development on the island by leaving a buffer from the mangroves areas which is far more than the allowed buffer zone.. This would significantly reduce the likely impacts on the lake and the mangroves found the island due to the proposed agriculture development on the island. 9.3 Stakeholder Consultation 9 . 3 . 1 Environment Protection Agency EPA was consulted during the scoping meeting for this project. Proponent and consultant for this project were present in the meeting and the detailed list of participants for this meeting is attached in the annex of this report. The meeting was started with introduction of each participants and description of the project by the proponent. Draft TOR prepared by consultant was discussed in this meeting and EPA has highlighted additional information required for the TOR. Main points discussed in the meeting are given below  Re-think of the title of the project and bring changes.  How to manage dredge spoil  Details of Vegetation survey  Obtain leased agreement  Management of drinking water.  Waste management policies

51 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

 Identify wetland conditions  Identify coastal erosion and beach movements  Existing sewer conditions.  Work should be carried out outside buffer zone from any sensitive areas  Details of alternatives and recommendation of the project.

9 . 3 . 2 Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture was consulted as part of the stakeholder consultation for this EIA. This meeting was held at the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture at 10:30 on the 24th of July 2018. Mr. Mohamed Naseem and Mr. Ismail participated in this meeting and the details of the attendance for this meeting is attached in the annex of this report. The following are the main points discussed in the meeting.  The project involves Loan assistance to the proponent from the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture and the ministry wants this project to be executed soon  Some of the developmental activities had already taken by the ministry previously as the ministry was using this island as training island for agricultural activities  As per the ministry the field for different crops between each field must have sufficient separation and planned.  Leased agreement for L.Mendhoo has now been changed to Mr. Hassan Adil who is the proponent of this project.

9 . 3 . 3 Developer and P roject Team Consultations were held with the proponent at various stages of the development process. Water Solutions have been in dialogue with proponent for the past few months. Advice and consultations were provided to the client on various aspects of the project, more specifically on the environmental impact assessment process and the permits required getting the project initiated. Advice was given on the most appropriate locations for outfall, jetty construction, taking in to consideration the importance of offsetting these structures at a reasonable distance from live corals and the reef crest. The proponent does not have any concerns about the mangrove area on the island as he does not has a plan to develop that half of the island. A new EIA will be carried out when such a requirement arises for development. 9 . 3 . 4 Laa m u Atoll Council A stake holder meeting was held with Laamu Atoll Council at their office on the 30th May 2018 with the presence of the proponent and the consultant. Main points discussed in the meeting are as follows  Proponent briefed about the project informing the participants that a varieties of crops will be grown and industrial scale on this island and for this purpose a vegetation clearance will be required and the price of agricultural products will be available at a cheaper price for the residents of Laamu Atoll  Council president informed that information from the proponent has been received that the proponent will assist to the residents in Laamu atoll to provide training for the atoll community on cultivating crops. The Atoll council welcomes for such initiatives and cooperation from council will be provided to the proponent to expedite this project. The council also requested the participants to adhere to related rules and regulations for such activities.  The council members questioned about the harbor and the commencement of the project to which the proponent replied that it will be started as soon as EIA clearance is obtained.

52 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

9.4 List of people consulted Following are the names and designation of the persons consulted. Name Designation Office

Hawwa Namsa Director General EPA Ali Nisham Assistant Environmental Officer EPA Adam Mubeen Assistant Engineer EPA Farhana Fahny Senior Research officer EPA Safa Ahmed Assistant Director EPA Abdul Aleem EIA Consultant Water Solutions Pvt Ltd Hassan Shah EIA Consultant Water Solutions Pvt Ltd Mohamed Umar Environment Consultant Water Solutions Pvt Ltd Hassan Adil Proponent Mohamed Naseem Assistant Director MOFA Ismail Director MOFA Abdulla Shareef President of the council Laamu Atoll Council Moosa Faisal Vice President of the council Laamu Atoll Council Mohamed Jameel Director General Laamu Atoll Council Athifa Zahir Assistant Director Laamu Atoll Council Mohamed Zahid Partner L.Mendhoo

53 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

10 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation 1 0 . 1 I mpact Identification The proposed agricultural development at Mendhoo is expected to have impacts on the existing terrestrial environment of island. These include clearing additional areas of vegetation on the island. The project is also expected to impact the livelihood of the beneficiaries and also impact the existing society of Kunahandhoo and Hithadhoo and other nearby islands in many ways. In preparing this EIA report, various methodologies were used to collect information on the existing environment and also identify the impacts of the project. Impact identification has been focused on the environment. Impacts have also been identified for short and long term as well. It is only though identifying the likely impacts; the mitigation measures can be identified and implemented. It is also one of the objectives of this EIA to identify the impacts and propose mitigation measures. 1 0 . 2 Assessing Impacts Environmental impacts of the proposed project have been examined through a number of processes. These include consultations with the stakeholders, field surveys, observations and assessment, and field experience gained from similar development projects implemented throughout the country. Potential positive and negative impacts on the environment have been considered. In general, the impacts of the project have been assessed for terrestrial, marine and social environment. The impacts of the proposed project on the terrestrial environment of the proposed area have been looked into and are considered to be significant. The most significant impact on the environment due to the project would be to the clearance of the vegetation of the island. All impacts have been categorized into short-term and long-term. Most of the short-term impacts are related to vegetation clearing during constructional phase, while the long-term impacts are associated with risk of impacting the mangrove area and groundwater. Possible negative impacts on the environment have been considered in worst-case scenario to recommend mitigation measures in the best possible ways so that these impacts would be minimized and perhaps eliminated in both constructional and operational phases. The following table outlines the impact assessment matrix and the scores for the 17 categories derived for this project. Table 8: Impact assessment matrix for the project

Impacts Total score Negative Neutral Positive (1-3) (4 -7) (8 -10) Air pollution 2 x Waste 4 x Water pollution 3 x Noise/Vibration 5 x Amenity 5 x Ground water conservation 5 x Energy 5 x Energy efficiency 5 x Access to quality green space 5 x Flooding 5 x Transport 5 x Biodiversity 1 x Local environmental quality 4 x Resource depletion 5 x Health gain 5 x Employment 9 x Socio-economic implications 8

54 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

1 0 . 3 Magnitude of impacts This EIA identifies and quantifies the significance of adverse impacts on the environment from the proposed project. Impacts on the environment were identified and described according to their location/attribute, extent (magnitude) and characteristics (such as short-term or long term, direct or indirect, reversible or irreversible) and assessed in terms of their significance according to the following categories:  Negligible – the impact is too small to be of any significance;  Minor – the impact is very minor and not serious  Minor adverse – the impact is undesirable but accepted;  Moderate adverse – the impact give rise to some concern but is likely to be tolerable in short- term (e.g. construction phase) or will require a value judgment as to its acceptability;  Major adverse – the impact is large scale giving rise to great concern; it should be considered unacceptable and requires significant change or halting of the project 1 0 . 4 Uncertainties in impact prediction Environmental impact prediction involves a certain degree of uncertainty as the natural and anthropogenic impacts can vary from place to place due to even slight differences in ecological, geo- morphological or social conditions in a particular place. There is also limited data and information regarding the particular site under consideration, which makes it difficult to predict impacts. The level of uncertainty, in the case of this project is expected to be significant due to the unavailability of necessary data, lack of clear understanding of the activities that can change the hydrology of the site. Nevertheless, considering that there will be uncertainties and under taking voluntary monitoring of natural processes as described in the monitoring programme given in this report would reduce the impact of the uncertainty in the impact identification process. . 1 0 . 5 Environmental impacts and mitigation measures Environmental impacts assessed of the project based on the criteria’s described above are discussed in detail in Table 99. The matrix provides the impacts during construction stage for terrestrial environment as well as the cost of mitigation for each impact identified.

55 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

Table 9: Matrix of environmental impacts and mitigation measures Environmental Potential Impacts to the environment Mitigation Measures proposed Cost of Mitigation Aspect Environmental impacts during construction phase Site mobilization Impacts will be felt during the mobilization and stockpiling of During early stage of mobilisation, site storage will focus on Cost included in the and temporary materials during the mobilization stage. areas that are already cleared meaning that there will not be any contract document. stores need to clear any trees. Sewage and Improper methods of disposing sewage and waste water will The sewage and wastewater collected and would be discharged Cost included wastewater contaminate the groundwater. through septic tanks impacts Water Rainwater will be used during construction stage. The Rainwater will be harvested and stored in rainwater storage Cost included groundwater of the island would be used for workforce during tanks. Desalination plant would be installed by an experienced the construction stage. Additionally desalinated water would be contractor. used as additional source of water during the operation.

Energy generation Use of energy for construction activities has an indirect negative Temporary generators would be installed during the initial phase Cost included in the impact on the environment through consumption of fuel. of the construction. contract document Construction of Impact on the lagoon bottom and sedimentation of the lagoon. Construct a permanent jetty that will be used during the No cost. the jetty Impact on the sand movement and sediment hydrodynamics. operation stages. Waste Impact of solid waste can be detrimental to the marine and the Measures include converting of green waste and other organic Contractors should management terrestrial environment if they are not managed properly. waste into compost and fertiliser. Burnable waste such as paper, bear the cost for Solid waste generated during the construction stage will include card board boxes etc. would be burnt on the island. transportation of organic, inorganic such as plastics all of which require adequate Work force will be provided with filtered rain water for drinking construction waste to disposal. thereby reducing the need for mineral water and hence reducing nearest waste Construction waste, especially hazardous waste will impact the the impact of plastic bottles and their management and disposal. management centre sensitive environments if they are not properly disposed. General food waste will be used to create compost and organic Hazardous materials in the construction period are identified as fertiliser. items like empty paint buckets, waste oil, chemicals and All construction waste including hazardous materials will be batteries. stockpiled and stored on the island. Construction waste will be In addition to hazardous waste, construction debris will also taken to nearest waste management centre once in four months. have negative impacts if they are not disposed properly. Organics and other non-hazardous materials will be separated. Improper disposal or long term storage of these materials on site will lead to abuse and possible mismanagement of these materials, which may become a nuisance to the environment, especially the sensitive lake environment. Vegetation Vegetation clearance to prepare land for building structures and Felling of large mature trees should be avoided as much as Cost included in the clearing processing facilities will have a significant impact on the islands possible. Protect existing mangrove areas and creating a buffer project

56 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

Environmental Potential Impacts to the environment Mitigation Measures proposed Cost of Mitigation Aspect vegetation in terms of the area of vegetation loss. Since that zone. Only the sites of buildings and footpaths should be cleared large area of the island had been cleared, the area marked for and removal of shrubs should be limited to the minimum extent clearance is low. It is estimated that 95 coconut palms would required. need to be uprooted as part of the project. Due to the small size In accordance with the regulation on cutting and uprooting of of the island, majority of the island vegetation is needed to be trees, 190 coconut palms would be planted. These would be cleared and impact of that will be significant. planted on the periphery of the crop fields. The coconut palms would provide a demarcation of the crop fields that would be developed at the island as part of the project.

Impact of outfall Outfall of the septic tank system and RO will be constructed on The outfall would be placed at 3 -5 m below the water level Mitigation cost construction eastern side of the island. outside the reef on eastern side of the island. The outfall pipe included in the project size will be minimum 100 mm. The outfall will be anchored with concrete blocks. Such protection for outfall pipe is required since it would be subject to wave actions. Noise and air Mendhoo is an isolated uninhabited island. Noise impacts are Noise is not expected to be a concern due to the intermittent No mitigation cost. pollution therefore going to be localized to the Island only. nature of noise sources such as machineries. However The exhaust gases from machineries will be very limited in construction workers, who are prone to high noise levels such as quantity compared to the surrounding environment. The gaseous machinery operators, should be provided with proper personal emissions will be directly released into the atmosphere where protection equipment (PPE) such as ear muffs. there will not be any opportunities for them being trapped and therefore the plume of gas is expected to get diluted. Environmental impacts during Operation phase Creation of The waste stream at the island would have a relatively large Compostable organic waste from the kitchen, landscaped areas Mitigation cost organic fertiliser component of compostable waste. This includes green waste and narrow walk paths will be composted at the waste included in the project. from the agricultural activity, food waste from kitchens. As to management centre. The compost will be used in the nursery, minimise the impact waste, the compostable waste would be general landscaping and for the organic gardens at the retreat. separated and composted at the island. jetty Impact on hydrodynamics and sand transport around the island. The impact of jetties on the beach can be understood after No additional costs Impacts are going to be minor as the jetty will be constructed on carrying a monitoring programme columns and they will be spaced adequately to allow current Spacing the jetty columns adequately so that sediment and flow thereby reducing sediment stagnation and accumulation. current can flow with least disruption. outfall Impact on the marine environment as a result of waste water Monitoring programme should be conducted at the outfall Cost will be included disposal. location. in the project Domestic waste Improper methods of disposing sewage will contaminate the Septic tanks will be constructed as per the guidelines of EPA. Costs will be included water groundwater. in the project budget

57 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

Environmental Potential Impacts to the environment Mitigation Measures proposed Cost of Mitigation Aspect Energy generation Contribution to the increase in greenhouse gases. Energy managed only based on demand. Energy generation Costs will be included would be based on diesel generator sets in the project budget Water production Contribution to the increase in greenhouse gases through the use Only produce water based on demand during the dry period Costs will be included of diesel generators. using RO plants. Compliment other sources such as harvesting in the project budget of rainwater. Collection and Harvesting too much of water will reduce the recharging the The rainwater will be harvested and used as an important Costs will be included storage of groundwater lens and may impact on the natural balance on the supplementary source of water at the island. The roof in the project budget rainwater island. To facilitate the recharging of the groundwater, the catchments of the buildings at the staff area is designed for rainwater storage capacity has been limited. harvesting water. Harvested rainwater will be stored at tanks at the staff area. The tanks will be protected from contamination and precautions will be taken to prevent the breeding of mosquitoes in the tanks. Control of Could become a nuisance and a public health hazards. Regular fogging and prevention measures to combat mosquitoes Costs will be included mosquitos breeding such as regular cleaning and maintenance of roof in the project budget gutters in the staff area. measures for The mangrove forest environment of the island has been Proposed agriculture project at the island has adopted an Costs will be included possible leakage considered as a no development area and 15 m buffer area has integrated approach to reduce the impact of the agriculture in the project budget and pollution of been left from the boundary of the mangrove patch. To reduce activity on the island’s environment. mangrove forest the impact of land based activity on the island’s mangrove, by land based organic fertilizer and biological pest control methods would be activities adopted.

Creation of Impacts are expected to be positive as employment - - employment opportunities generated clearly has the potential to reconcile opportunities economic and environmental concerns and give a practical meaning to sustainable development. Other positive impacts can include the generation of revenues for maintaining natural environments, creating jobs and wealth, development of the agricultural sector and diversifying the economy. Development of The direct employment generated by the project will stimulate - - human resources human resource development and increase the number of skilled workforce in the country. Furthermore, employment opportunity will increase in region.

58 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

Table 10: Summary of the impacts and their characterization

mulative

MaA)

Direct

Indirect

Required

(H/M/L)*

Reversible Mitigation

Long term

Significant

Short term

Cu

Irreversible

Impact type

Unavoidable

Magnitude #

(N/M/MA/MoA/ (NEG or POS) +

Impacts during construction stage Site mobilization Neg L x x M x x x x Temporary storage of fuels and hazardous materials. Neg L x N x x x x Domestic wastewater impacts Neg L x M x x x Water generation Neg L x M x x x x Energy generation Neg L x M x x x x Waste management Neg M x x x x x X Impact of Jetty construction Neg H x MA X X X - - X Impact of outfall construction. Neg H H X MA x x x x Noise and air pollution Neg L x M x x x x Terrestrial impacts during construction stage including vegetation clearing Neg H x MA x x x x Structures on land Neg H x MA x x x x Construction phase impacts on the lagoon. Neg M X M X x x x Operational stage impacts Jetty Neg L X MA x x X x Outfall Neg M X N X X X composting Neg M X N X X X Impact on the groundwater Neg L x M x x X X x Generation of solid waste and wastewater Neg L x M x x X X x Impact from the tanks (mosquito breeding) Neg L x M x x X X x Energy generation Neg L x N x x X X x Socio-economic impacts Water production POS H x x x x x x Socio-economic impacts POS H x x x x x x Creation of employment opportunities POS H x x x x x x Development of human resources POS H x x x x x x + POS = positive impacts, NEG= negative impacts, * H=high, M=Moderate, L=Low, # N=Negligible, M=Minor, MA=Minor Adverse; MoA= Moderate adverse;MaA=Major Adverse

59 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

11 Recommendation Based on the findings of the EIA, the EIA team makes the following recommendation to the current project design that is proposed for the agriculture development at L.Mendhoo 1 1 . 1 Undertaking a detail level s u r v e y The proponent needs to undertake a detail level survey at the island to determine levels of the islands as part of the project. The proponent shall undertake a detail mapping of the island before and after the project. The proponent shall submit the initial survey report before commencing the project and final survey report after project is completed to EPA and MOFA. 1 1 . 2 Environmental Monitoring Environmental monitoring is essential to ensure that potential impacts are minimized and to mitigate unanticipated impacts. It is recommended that environmental monitoring to be carried by the contractor during project phase to monitor the impact of project on the island’s environment. It is recommended that this activity would be carried out as per the proponent’s committed for this development. 1 1 . 3 Environmental Supervision It is recommended that proponents to undertake the environmental supervision during the implementation of the project as to ensure the project is implemented as outlined in the EIA report. The client or its consultant needs to provide necessary technical advice and guidance to the design of the project and undertake supervision and environmental monitoring during the implementation of the project.

Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure 2015 60 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

12 Environmental Management and Monitoring 1 2 . 1 I ntroduction Environmental monitoring is essential to ensure that potential impacts are minimized and to mitigate unanticipated impacts. The parameters that are most relevant for monitoring the impacts that may arise from the proposed agriculture project at Mendhoo are included in the monitoring plan. Monitoring will be carried out as a follow up activity of the environmental impact assessment and mitigation of possible negative impacts from the proposed project. The purpose of the monitoring is to provide information that will aid impact management, and secondarily to achieve a better understanding of cause‐effect relationship and to improve impact prediction and mitigation methods. 1 2 . 2 Monitoring Programme Outlined here are project specific monitoring requirements that the proponent shall include in their annual monitoring programme. This monitoring programme for the proposed project includes at bi- annual monitoring and covers the three stages of the project implementation. Stage 1: Immediately before starting development work Stage 2: During project work Stage 3: 6 months after the completion of the project The monitoring needs of each stage are discussed in detail below: Stage 1 . Shorelines of the existing island . Ground water and marine water quality . Vegetation cover and its extent . Coral reef health . Noise level Stage 2 . Shorelines of the existing island . Ground water and marine water quality . Vegetation cover and its extent . Coral reef health . Noise level Stage 3 . Shorelines of the existing island . Ground water and marine water quality . Vegetation cover and its extent . Waste management . Coral reef health . Noise level 1 2 . 3 Monitoring Timetable The following table shows the frequency at which the different parameters may be monitored at different phases of the agriculture development project implementation.

61 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

Table 11: Monitoring framework

Monitoring Monitoring Indicator Methodology Responsible Monitoring Schedule Attribute Report

Start of the Shorelines of Beach dynamics Low, high and mean Proponent Monitoring project the islands tide line as to Report 1 – at monitor the beach the start of the project Groundwater pH, Salinity, EC, In-situ and Proponent quality nitrates and laboratory phosphates measurement Marine water Marine water In-situ and Proponent quality quality laboratory measurement Vegetation Vegetation line and Aerial photo Proponent cover cover Flora and Establishing a Qualitative Proponent fauna in the baseline of the flora mangrove and fauna in the lake area environment focusing on the type and abundance Noise level Noise level at Noise meter Proponent monitoring locations During the Shorelines of Beach dynamics Low, high and mean Proponent Monitoring implementation the islands tide line as to Report 2 – of the project monitor the beach during the project Groundwater pH, Salinity, EC, In-situ and Proponent implementation quality nitrates and laboratory work phosphates measurement Marine water Marine water In-situ and Proponent quality quality laboratory measurement Vegetation Vegetation line and Aerial photo Proponent cover cover Flora and Establishing a Qualitative Proponent fauna in the baseline of the flora mangrove and fauna in the lake area environment focusing on the type and abundance Noise level Noise level at Noise meter Proponent monitoring locations After Shorelines of Beach dynamics Low, high and mean Proponent Monitoring completion of the islands tide line as to Report 3 – 6 the project monitor the beach months after completion of Groundwater pH, Salinity, EC, In-situ and Proponent the project quality nitrates and laboratory phosphates measurement

Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure 2015 62 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

Monitoring Monitoring Indicator Methodology Responsible Monitoring Schedule Attribute Report

Marine water Marine water In-situ and Proponent quality quality laboratory measurement Vegetation Vegetation line and Aerial photo Proponent cover cover Flora and Establishing a Qualitative Proponent fauna in the baseline of the flora mangrove and fauna in the lake area environment focusing on the type and abundance Waste Quantify of waste Waste survey Proponent management and waste stream Noise level Noise level at Noise meter Proponent monitoring locations

63 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

1 2 . 4 Monitoring Report An environmental monitoring report would be compiled and submitted to the EPA six months after the completion of the project, based on the data collected for the monitoring the parameters included in the monitoring plan given in the EIA. The annual environmental monitoring report will include details of the site, strategy of data collection and analysis, quality control measures, sampling frequency and monitoring analysis and details of methodologies and protocols followed. In addition to this more frequent reporting of environmental monitoring will be communicated among the environmental consultant, proponent, the contractors and supervisors to ensure possible negative impacts are mitigated appropriately during and after the project works. 1 2 . 5 Cost of monitoring It is estimated that during the project implementation phase, the monitoring cost would be US$ 9,500.

Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure 2015 64 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

13 Conclusion This EIA report covers proposed agriculture development project at Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll. Agricultural projects on uninhabited islands are classed as projects which require Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) under the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (law 4/93). This report discusses the findings of a social and environmental impact study undertaken by Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd. at the request of Mr. Hassan Adil. Mr. Hassan Adil is undertaking the agricultural development project at L. Mendhoo. Mendhoo is located on the south western side of Laamu Atoll. This island’s leased agreement is now changed to the name of Mr. Hassan Adil by Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture. The vision is to establish large scale agriculture in Mendhoo which ensure commercial and environmental sustainability. The main aim of this agricultural project is to lessen import of agriculture products to meet the local demand. Agriculture on the island will be done in three main ways. It will be done directly on land, in greenhouses and using hydroponic technology. Water for the crops will be of two sources: harvesting rainwater and desalination using seawater. The Drip Irrigation System will be used for water conservation and will be the main system for watering the plants. The project will develop the necessary infrastructure in the area of power, water, sewage and wastewater to make the proposed agriculture project sustainable. The project also involves developing accommodation and living areas for the researchers and famers on the island. The EIA report has identified the major impacts of the proposed agricultural development project. It has been assessed that this agricultural development project will have impacts on terrestrial, marine and coastal environment both during the construction stage and the operation stage. It has been assessed that the most significant negative impacts from the proposed development will be on the terrestrial environment from the proposed vegetation clearance required for the construction of buildings and other structures. The island is small for a commercial scale agricultural activity. A significant part of the island had been cleared by previous island caretakers. Additionally some area of land will be cleared for the construction of proposed buildings. The island has large number of coconut trees which should be uprooted. These coconut trees should be replanted somewhere else on the island. If possible building structures should be adjusted to avoid uprooting of matured and sensitive trees. A buffer around the patch of mangroves on the north central of the island has been left untouched as conservation area. The mangroves patch on the island should not be disturbed at any level. Under the regulation of cutting down, uprooting, digging out and export of trees, developmental projects should be carried out outside a 15m buffer zone from a sensitive area like mangrove. Taking this into consideration and due to size of the island, area of the vegetation which would be removed would not have significant negative impacts on the islands environment. Impacts on the marine and coastal environment will also have negative impacts in certain areas. Most of these impacts are limited to project boundary only. During the operational stage, on-going use of fertilizers is likely to increase the nutrient content of the soil that may eventually enter surface waters as run off. However, it is difficult to quantify this impact as there will be the mix use of fertilizers, both organic and chemical. Hence, these changes can be assessed only through monitoring. Nevertheless, the use of increased fertilizers is likely to impact the aquifer of the island than the marine environment. Positive impacts of the project arise with the socio economic impacts of the project. This project will create enormous economic opportunities for both construction and operational stage through creation of short-term, permanent jobs and business opportunities especially for the locals. This project will introduce and promote the development of agricultural systems on commercial scale, enabling Maldives to provide an additional avenue for employment creation and income generation. This assessment showed that the negative impacts to the island’s environment system arising from this proposed project will be relatively high compared to other such projects. However in terms of socio-economic environment, this project will be beneficial as it promotes the growth of the agro farming development, its research and knowledge in the country. Once the project begins, the locals employed will gain valuable knowledge and skills through technology and knowledge transfer.

65 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

This project cannot be feasible without establishing the required infrastructure on the island. However, to setup the required infrastructure, vegetation clearing is required which is permissible as per the regulations. The development of any project will have its impacts on any environment. It is impossible to develop an island without impacting the environment.

66 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

14 Acknowledgements Water Solutions acknowledge the support and assistance of the following team members who made this project a successful project.

 Ahmed Jameel, Environmental Engineer (EIA Registration No: EIA P07/2007)

 Mohamed Umar, Junior Consultant (EIA Registration No: EIA T07/2017)

 Abdul Aleem, GIS Expert

 Water Solutions Staff

67 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

15 References CDE, 2015, EIA for the proposed agricultural development project in Dheburidheythereyvaadhoo Island, Ministry of Environment and Construction (2004), State of the Environment 2012, Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water, (2006), By law about the cutting down, uprooting, digging out and export of trees and palms from one island to another. (Unofficial translation, Ministry of Housing and Environment, (2012) Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations Ministry of Planning and National Development (April 2006), Maldives Population and Housing Census 2006, Mohammed Ibrahim Luthufee, G.Soasanee, (1995), Dhivehi RajjegeGeographygeVanavaru, Part 1 and 2, MPND, 2000, First Regional Development Project SDR Atoll Link road EIA, Miller MW and Sluka RD (1999) Patterns of Seagrass and Sediment Nutrient Distribution Suggest Anthropogenic Enrichment in Laamu Atoll, Republic of Maldives. Marine Pollution Bulletin 38, pp 1152-1156 Naseer, A. (2003) The integrated growth response of coral reefs to environmental forcing: morphometric analysis of coral reefs of the Maldives. PhD Thesis,, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada UNDP, 2007, Detail Island Risk Assessment of Maldives Water Solutions, 2015, EIA for the Proposed Agri Farming Development in Ekasdhoo, Water Solutions, 2016, EIA for the Proposed Agri Farming Development in Lhohi, .

68 Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

16 Annex A: Terms of reference

69 iurl

: t .-.-: := :,.,.-.-.. -.- ", ru foW ,"a:-:;;:;:;:,.'.,'fi ;;;trT No: 203-EtAREs/PRtv/2ot 8/369 Terms of Reference for the Environmental Impact Assessment of the Development of an Agricultural Center at Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

The following is the Terms of Reference (ToR) for undertaking th€ EIA of the proposed Development of an Agricultural Center at Laamu Atoll. The proponent of the project is Mr. Hassan Adil ( NID: A0229E6).

While every attempt has been made to ensure that this TOR addresses all of the major issues associated with development proposal, they are not necessarily exhaustive. They should not be interpreted as excluding from consideration matters deemed to be significant but not incorporated in them, or matters currently unforeseen, that emerge as important or significant from environmental studies, or otherwise, during the course of preparation of the EIA report.

l. Introduction to the oroiect - Describe the purpose of the development of the agricultural center. Clearly identifo the rationale and objectives to enable the formulation of altematives. Define the arrangements required for the environmental impact assessment including how work carried out under this contract is linked and sequenced with other projects executed by other consultants, and how coordination between other consultants, contractors and govemment institutions will be canied out. List the donors and the institutions the consultant will be coordinating with and the methodologies used.

2. Studv area - Submit a minimum ,A.3 size scaled plan with indications of all the proposed infiastructures. Specifo the agreed boundaries of the study area for the environmental impact assessment highlighting the proposed development location, size and important elements of the proposed development ofthe agricultural center, relevant developments in the areas must also be addressed. [ncluding all economic ventures and cultural sites.

3. Scooe of work - Identif, and number tasks of the project including site preparation, construction and decommissioning phases.

Task 2. Description of the proposed project - Provide a description and justification of the relevant parts of the project, using maps at appropriate scales where necessary. Describe the type ofcrops cultured. The following should be provided (all inputs and outputs related to the proposed activities shall bejustified): The main activities ofthe project are: o Land clearance/precipitation" . Water supply plan for inigation including inigation infrastructure: . Access to island and site including jetty/harbor construction e Operational plan including transport, pest control, water quality monitoring: . Details ofdredging and disposal ofdredge material (ifany) o Project management: Include communication of construction details. Progress target dates and duration of works. Construction/operation-/closure of labor camps, access to site, safety, equipment and material storage, water supply, waste management from construction operations, power and fuel supply. Land Preparation and storage facility construction o lrrigation infrastructure: o Storage and packaging facilities . Equipment required for operational phase: + Cnvtronm€ nta I P.otection Agenct

Green B!ildint, 3d Floor, HandhuvareeHinEun '2t!4 'D '"-vi ," Male', Rep. of M.ldiv€5,20392 zrtvl '2..-'1 2' ref: l+9601 333 s949 l+9601 333 s991 .titt Enail:[email protected] i:t: Website: , itt'tj Far: l+9601 333 59s3 tt) lof4 ww.ep..gov.mv Pltb?

.-i : Pt-c. -P'ett te22r.2'r2. foW ^U. Eivironmentat ero,.",ion eg.n"y tPA=

Task 3' Description of the existing environment - Assemble, evaluates and presents the environmental baseline studieVdata regarding the study area and timing of the project (e.g. monsoon season). Identifu baseline data gaps and identif studies and the level of detail to be carried out by consultant. Consideration of likelv monitoring requirements should be bome in mind during survev planning. so that data collected is suitable for use as a baseline. As such all baseline data must be presented in such a way that they will be usefully applied to future monitoring.

All data must be collected as per the reouirements of the EPA Data Collection Guideline (published on uttlcpa.gor .ntr'). The reoort should outline detailed methodolog), of data collection utilized.

The baseline data will be collected before construction. All survey locations shall be referenced with Geographic Positioning System (GPS) including water sampling points, reef transects, vegetation transects and manta tows sites for posterior data comparison. Information should be divided into the categories shown below:

General climatic conditions o Rainfall data

Geolory and seomomholog], e Shore line . Vegetation line o ldentifo eroding areas ifany.

Hydrography./hydrodynamics (localized maps) o Tidal ranges and tidal currents; r Wave climate and wave induced currents o Ground water quality and assessment parameters from 3 locations for parameters, temperature, pH, salinity, ammoni4 phosphates, nitrates, sulphates, BOD, total coliforms and faecal coliforms

. Sea water quality measuring these parameters: temperature, pH, salinity, turbidity, total suspended solids, nitrate, total and faecal coliforms.

Ecology o ldenti& marine protected areas (MPAs) and sensitive sites such as breeding or nursery grounds for protected or endangered species (e.g. coral reefs, spawning fish sites, nurseries for crustaceans or specific sites for marine mammals, sharks, mantas and turtles). Include description of commercial species, species with potential to become nuisances or vector. Include map; . Marine habitat status including coral reef health, seagrass beds and benthic and fish community description around the island. Select a control site far from all the outfall location and a test site at representative distances from the outfall discharge site - Since there is a sensitive area on the island identifo the existing condition of the flora and fauna of this area, and ecological environment - ldentiry the boundary ofthe area - Vegetation ofthe whole ofthe island and details ofnumber oftrees to be removed.

Hazard vulnerabilitv: . Vulnerability of area to flooding and storm surge to predict infiltration rates

Environmental Protection Ag€ ncy

6reen Suildint,3d Floor, Handhuvar€eHinSun 't1!-r -rr '"v- -r' Male, Rep. of Maldives, 20392 .r)v.,..,r,1 .r, rel: I+9601 333 5949 [+9601 333 59sl Email:[email protected],ht: Fax: I+9501 333 5953 2of4 Website: www.epa.gov.mv : ;ta-:i Plt'',

.-.,! -,.- 1 1 := ?.' ..----..-' v foW ,l;,::;1,.J;#F[ Socio-economic environment o Accessibilitv for commuting workers from neighbouring islands o Demography: total population, sex ratio, density, growth and pressure on land and marine resources for Laamu Atoll o Land use planning, natural resource use and zoning ofactivities at sea; o Sites with historical or cultural interest or sacred places (mosques, graveyard).

Task 4. Legislative and regulatory considerations - ldentif the pertinent legislation, regulations and standards, and environmental policies that are relevant and applicable to the proposed project, and identifu the appropriate authority jurisdictions that will specifically apply to the project.

Task 5. Potential impacts of the proposed project- The EIA report should identifl all the impacts (direct, indirect and cumulative) and evaluate the magnitude and significance. This shall include:

Terrestrial imnacts from construction . Loss ofvegetation and fauna from land clearance activities, pipe works (deployment and dewatering); o Ground water quality; Imoact from installing the outfall oioe. and sewerage outfall. ifanv . Impacts from marine habitat destruction which may affect fish stocks and species diversity

The methods used to identifo the significance ofthe impacts shall be outlined. Justification must be provided to the selected methodologies. The report should outline the uncertainties in impact prediction and also outline all positive and negative/short and long-term impacts.

Task 6. Alternatives to proposed project - Describe altematives including the "no action oplron " should be presented. Determine the best practical environmental options. Altematives examined for the proposed project that would achieve the same objective including the "no action altemative". This should include alternatives for environmental, social and economic considerations. The report should highlight how the location for the outfall was determined. All altematives must be compared according to commonly accepted standards as much as possible.

Task 7. Mitigation and management of negative impacts - ldentif possible measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts to acceptable levels. Mitigation measures must also be identified for both construction and operation phase. Cost of the mitigation measuresr equipment and resources required to implement those measures should be specified. The confirmation of commitment of the developer to implement the proposed mitigation measures shall also be included. An Environmental management plan for the proposed project, identifying responsible persons, their duties and commitments shall also be given.

Task 8. Development of monitoring plan - Identifu the critical issues requiring monitoring to ensure compliance to mitigation measures and present impact management and monitoring plan for: . Physical parameters such as ground and sea water quality assessments and oceanographic studies. o Biological parameters such as terrestrial monitoring, coral reef and benthic monitoring, fish community census and terrestrial monitoring The monitoring program including the physical and biological parameters for monitoring, cost commitment from responsible person to conduct monitoring in the form ofa commitment letter, detailed reporting scheduling, costs and methods ofundertaking the monitoring program must be provided.

Environm€ntal Prolection Agency 7i:: irttti iittttti: Gr€enBuildin8, 3dFloor, HandhuvareeHingun

Male, Rep. of Maldiv€s, 20392 zDr: ,.-,a,4 ,r, ref: l+9501333 s9a9 l+9601 333 s9s1 ,titt Emailrt€[email protected] j:ja far: l+9601333 s9s3 Lt) 3 of 4 Webste: ww.epa-gov.ftv : Etatj #P .rr foW 'GAt Task 9. Stakeholder consultation - Identifo appropriate mechanisms for providing information on the development proposal and its progress to all the stakeholders, government authorities. The report should state the outcomes ofthese consultations. The following parties should be consulted 1. Laamu Atoll Council 2. Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture and other relevant stakeholders.

Prcsentotion - The environmental impact assessment report, to be presented in digital format, will be concise and focw on signifcant environmental issues. It will contain the fndings, conclwions and recommended actions supported by summaries of the data collected and citations f or any references used in interpreling those data- The environmental assessment report will be organized according to, but nol necessarily linited by, the outline given in the EU Regulations, 2012 and subsequent amendments.

Timeframe for submiltine the EIA reporl - The developer must submit the completed EIA report within 06 mon E from the date of this Term of Reference.

22"d May 2018 ffi "!4

Environmental Protection Atency --z' -P'e4 '.-'."" Green Buildint, 3'd Floor, Handhuvar€eHintu.

Male, Rep. of Maldivet, 20392 tu,z ,c4-'1 ,t,

Tef: l+9601 333 5949 lag6ol 333 s9s1 .titi Emaif:[email protected],mv,i::: Fax: l+9501333 s953 , :-t) 4 of 4 Webrite: wx/w.epa.8ov.mv , E:;-t; Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

17 Annex B: Project drawing details

Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure 2015 70 Banana 5.6 acre

apartment Greenhouse and Solar panel 6.5 acre Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

18 Annex C: Bathymetric chart

71 73°22'30"E 3 73°22'45"E 1 Legend 9 6 9 5 L .. M e n d h o o A g r ii c u ll tt u r a ll C e n tt r e Existing_sewer_outfall_20180531 Vegetation Line 20180531

shoreline_2018_05_31 Bathymetry High : -0.6

Low : -4.77495 N N " " 5 5 4 4 ' ' 7 7 4 4 ° ° 1 1

198431 198431

72°0'0"E 74°0'0"E 73°30'0"E N N " " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° ° 6 6 N N " " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° ° 2 2 N N " " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° ° 3 3 " " N 0 0 ' ' " 0 0 0 ' ° ° 0 0 0 3 °

72°0'0"E 74°0'0"E 1 73°30'0"E

Geodetic Parameters Coordinate Systems :Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone: 43 North Projection :Transverse Mercator (TM) N

N Datum : WGS 1984 " "

0 Longitude of Origin :0.000000000 0 3 3 '

' Central Meridian:75 W 7 7 Scale Factor :0.999600000000000040 4 4 ° ° False Easting :500000.000 1 1 False Northing :0.00000000 Semi-Major Axis (a) (Meters) :6378137.000 Semi-Minor Axis (b) (Meters): 6356752.3142451793

Scale: 0 50 100 Meters

Project: L.Mendhoo Agricultural Centre

Client: Ministry of Environment and Energy

Contractor:

Water Solutions Pvt Ltd Ma.Fas Eri 1st Floor, Ameenee Magu, Male', Maldives Tel: +(960)3341643, Fax: +(960)331643 µ www.water-solutions.biz 5 9 6 9 1 3 73°22'30"E 73°22'45"E EIIA PURPOSES ONLY Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

19 Annex D: CV of other consultants

72 Abdul Aleem (Amooo) – Curriculum Vitae

Personal and contact Full name: Abdul Aleem details Common Name: Amooo Date of birth: 2nd November 1973 Nationality: Maldivian Sex: Male’

Permanent address M.Dhonumaruge Dhekunubai, Jahaamuguri Goalhi, Male', Republic of Maldives Present address G.Boduga Villa 2nd Floor, Majeedhee Magu, Male', Republic of Maldives

Tel: + 960 3341643 Mobile: + 960 7793502 Web: www.water-solutions.biz Email (Office): [email protected] Email (Personal): [email protected]

Experience

Specialized in Environmental Health, Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Health Impact assessment, Water quality assessment and monitoring (ground and drinking water). Good practical and working experience on terrestrial surveying, qualitative and quantitative fresh water quality surveys, groundwater quality assessment for monitoring purpose (small islands), bathymetric surveys of reefs and lagoons, coastal and marine survey (beach profile measurement using levels and current measurement using dye test), noise assessment and air pollutant measurement. Competent in mapping islands using differential GPS and developing GIS base maps.

Good theoretical and practical knowledge of MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power Point, Macromedia Director MX, Macromedia Deamweaver MX, Macromedia Flash MX, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, Quick Time Pro, Corel Draw. Basic knowledge of MS Access. Good working knowledge and experience in designing and maintenance of static websites and basic knowledge on Dynamic websites. Good knowledge and experience in designing and authoring multimedia CD’s for personal computers using macromedia Director. Good theoretical and practical knowledge on GIS and capable of developing small to medium size GIS projects.

Good practical knowledge on coastal management, coastal surveying, especially use of shorelines as an indicator of coastal erosion, identifying methods of erosion control and beach management and rectification issues.

Fluent in coral reef surveys and a certified Reef check surveyour.

PADI Open Water Instructor and Specialty Instructor (PADI No: 261728) with experience in teaching and diving in a number of atolls in the Maldives.

LANGUAGE & DEGREE OF PROFICIENCY:

Speaking Writing Reading English Excellent Excellent Excellent Dhivehi Mother tongue Mother tongue Mother tongue

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 1

Education

Master of Public Health (MPH) - 2003 to 2004 University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Subjects undertaken: Foundations of Public Health; Social Health Research methods, Statistics for Health Sciences; Child Health, Computer Applications in Epidemiology; Research methods for health professionals; Principles of Health informatics; Alcohol, tobacco and other drug studies; Mental health development-theories and principles; Health and Society; Masters dissertation: A qualitative study on “Impact of Stroke on caregivers”.

Bachelor of Environmental Health - Feb 1999 to Nov 1999 University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Australia

Subjects undertaken: Environmental Health in Practice, Environmental Planning, Food Safety, Noise Assessment and Control, Environmental and Health Education, Environmental Health in Practice (Healthy City Environments), Air Quality Assessment and Management

Diploma in Environmental Health - Feb 1996 - Nov 1998 Fiji School of Medicine, Suva, Fiji

Subjects undertaken: Environmental Health Practicum 1-Primary Health Care, Public Health Administration, Public Health Law, Introduction to Building, Introduction to Population Studies, Environmental Health Practicum 2- Community Health, Epidemiology and Health, Food Handling and Hygiene, Physiology and Toxicology, Chemistry Concepts and Compounds, Environmental Health Practicum 3-Water Quality Studies, Waste Management, Non Formal Education, Introduction to Management, Environmental Health Practicum 4-Terrestrial and Human Ecology, Building 2, Construction Technology, Building Technology, Adult Learning, Environmental Health Practicum 5 – Environmental Impact Assessment, Occupational Health, Town and Country Planning, Organizational Management, Organizational Behaviour, Final Year project (Water Quality Study of Nabukalau Creek, Suva, Fiji Islands).

General Certificate of Education Examination (June 1990 - June 1992) Advanced Level Certificate, University of London, School Examinations Board

General Certificate of Education Examination (Jan 1987 - Dec 1989) Ordinary Level Certificate, University of London, School Examinations Board

Other Professional Courses and training

PADI Open Water Scuba Instructor (Instructor Number 261728) and NITROX Specialty Instructor PADI International

Teledyne PDS Software Multibeam Acquisition & Processing (2015) Training course on the use of Multibeam Echosounder for underwater surveying held in Male’, Maldives in November 2015.

Reef check surveying protocols (2014) Training course on the use of Reef Check protocol for undertaking coral reef surveys held in Male’, Maldives in 2014. Training organized by Marine Research Centre.

International Training Programme in GIS for Policy Making, Planning and management of Spatially Distributed resources (2005) 19.12.2005 to 30.12.2005, International Center for Geo-informatics Applications and Training, University of Moratuwa,

Certificate course in Web Designing and Multimedia (2001) 19.12.2000 to 20.2.2001, Access Computers, Republic of Maldives

Basic French (1996) Three month course in basic French, Alliance Francaise, Suva, Fiji Islands

Photography Basic Course (1993) Six months course, Youth Centre, Republic of Maldives

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 2

Photography Advance Course (1994) Six months course, Youth Centre, Republic of Maldives

Photography Technical Course - Advertising Photography (1995) 6 months course, Youth Centre, Republic of Maldives

Technical papers and research undertaken

Mapping the incidence of Dengue using GIS in Male from 1998 to 2005 Available Dengue incidents reported from Male’, was transformed in to a GIS to assess the disease occurrence patterns in Maldives during the study period and identify any patterns in its occurrence January 2006, Project undertaken for WEB Foundations (webfound.org). The project was completed entirely on my own

Drafting of the 1st National Drinking Water Quality guidelines for Maldives Drafting the guidelines with the assistance and supervision from Dr. Machiel Stynberg, South Africa.

Safety of Rainwater harvesting in Maldives Data analysis and reporting of a pilot survey conducted for the 12th International Rainwater Catchment Systems Conference, New Delhi 2005.

Occupational Health Injury Situation Analysis (December 2002) Joint study on assessing occupational injuries and its situation in Maldives. Study done for Ministry of Health with Ahmed Zahid.

Environmental Health Review (November 2001) A review of Environmental Health status in Maldives done for Ministry of Health

Health and Safety Aspects (October 2001) Joint study on the Feasibility of a Poultry Farm in Maldives. Feasibility study done for a private firm.

Environmental Impact Statement (December 2000) Undertaken for the RO plant at ADK Hospital, Male’, Maldives.

Healthy Islands Plan of Action for Maldives: (2000) Prepared for Environmental Health Unit of Ministry of Health, Maldives

Critique on Hawkesbury Healthy City Project (1999) One year research project undertaken at WHO Collaborating Center for environmental Health, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Sydney, Australia

Healthy River: Water Quality Study of Nabukalau Creek, Suva, Fiji Islands; 1998 Third year research project undertaken at Department of Environmental Health, Fiji School of Medicine, Suva, Fiji

Environmental and other technical reports

Name: EIA for the design and project management of the construction of bridges, channels, harbours and shore protection works at Hulhumale’ phase 2 Completed Date: 30 January 2018 Proponent: Housing Development Corporation Responsibilities: Undertaken the EIA as one of the lead consultants. Technical expertise provide includes marine survey studies / assessment and impact assessment for the dredging components. Additional members: Hassan Shah (EIA P02/2007)

Name: EIA for the construction of sewerage system in Island in . Completed Date: 05 November 2017 Proponent: Ministry of Environment and Energy Responsibilities: Undertaken the EIA as one of the lead consultants during data collection, site visits, analysis, leading junior trainees and report writing. Input as technical person for the assessment of groundwater studies and estimation of aquifer size. Additional members: Ibrahim Faiz (T06/15), Mohamed Umaru

Name: EIA for the Resort Development of Thilamaafushi island in . Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 3

Completed Date: 15 November 2017 Proponent: Selo Holdings Pvt. Ltd Responsibilities: Undertaken the EIA as one of the lead consultants during data collection, site visits, analysis, leading junior trainees and report writing. Additional members: Ibrahim Faiz (T06/15), Mohamed Umaru

Name: EIA for the construction of sewerage system in Island in Haa Alif Atoll. Completed Date: 1 October 2017 Proponent: Ministry of Environment and Energy Responsibilities: Undertaken the EIA as one of the lead consultants during data collection, site visits, analysis, leading junior trainees and report writing. Input as technical person for the assessment of groundwater studies and estimation of aquifer size. Additional members: Ibrahim Faiz (T06/15), Mohamed Umaru

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of Dhandhoo island into a resort in Baa Atoll Date April 2017 Client Paradee Resorts, Thailand / Dhandhoo Holdings Pvt.Ltd Location Dhandhoo Island, Baa Atoll Project Component Development of the island to a new resort. Contact Mr. Pong, Thailand based project Manager, Email:[email protected] Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in the project. During the EIA preparation, I also involvements trained two new staff members on data gathering at site including terrestrial, marine and coastal data.

Name of the EIA EIA addendum for Coastal Protection works. Date February 2017 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Hoarafushi Island, Haa Alifu Atoll Project Component Exploring options for the change in borrow areas from where sand will be obtained for backfilling. Contact / client Ministry of Housing and Environment. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for the project. My role includes visiting the island involvements and collecting on site data at the same time leading the team of junior consultants to undertake the EIA data collection. During the project, stakeholders were met and social issues related to the project were identified and the process as used as a means to come up with a suitable and acceptable solutions.

Name of the EIA EIA for the creation of an artificial reef in Hondaafushi by sinking a cargo vessel. Date January 2017 Client AAA Resorts Location Hondaafushi Island, Haa Project Component Preparation of EIA report Contact Number Mr. Ahmed / Civil Engineer, AAA Resorts, 7907320 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the construction of a new entrance channel Date December 2016 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure Location Bilehdhoo Island, Project Component Construction of a new entrance channel Contact Number Nafha Aujaz / Ministry of Housing

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 4

Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. The Project involvements involves development of a new entrance channel in Bilehdhoo as the existing channel has several design flaws resulting in difficulty and functionality. The report was prepared by collecting on site data including stakeholder consultations and other data including marine, coastal and harbour details. The project was particularly a challenging project as the harbour was only recently developed and having to implement another new project had its draw backs.

Name of the EIA EIA addendum repot for the creation of a channel in Muthaaufushi Island. Date November 2016 Client Well Land Investment Private Limited Location Muthaafushi island, Baa Atoll Project Component Development of a new entrance channel. Contact Number Mr. Arif, 7782136 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the setup of sewerage system in . Date November 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Mulah Island, . Project Component Development of a new sewerage system. Contact Number Ministry of Environment and Energy Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included ground water and calculation of groundwater quantity in the island.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of Fasmendhoo island in to a resort. Date October 2016 Client Emil resorts / Mr. Fransesco Location Fasmendhoo Island, Raa Atoll Project Component Development of the island in to a resort. Contact Number 7508694 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, terrestrial and social environment

Name of the EIA EIA for the Dhihdhoo Coastal Protection. Date September 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Dhihdhoo Island, Haa Alifu Atoll Project Component Construction of coastal protection Contact Number 301-8300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, and social aspects of the project. Name of the EIA EIA for the Gahdhoo Coastal Protection. Date September 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Gahdhoo Island, Project Component Construction of coastal protection Contact Number 301-8300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, and social aspects of the project.

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 5

Name of the EIA EIA for the Coastal Protection in Island. Date July 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Fainu Island, Raa Atoll Project Component Construction of coastal protection Contact Number 301-8300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, and social aspects of the project.

Name of the EIA EIA for the Coastal Protection in Date June 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Guraidhoo Island, Thaa Atoll Project Component Construction of coastal protection Contact Number 301-8300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, and social aspects of the project.

Name of the EIA EIA for the resort concept change in Vomulli Island. Date June 2016 Client Residency Resorts Maldives Location Vommuli Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Changes to the original project concept. Contact Number 9946464 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing for the proposed involvements concept change in the development concept.

Name of the EIA EIA for the coastal protection of Dusit Thani. Date May 2016 Client Dusit Thani Maldives Location Muhdhoo Island, Baa Atoll Project Component Implementation of a coastal protection plan for the eastern side of the island. Contact Number 7954716 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in formulating the coastal protection plan, data involvements collection and report writing for the proposed project.

Name of the EIA EIA for the proposed additional changes brought to Helengeli resort redevelopment. Date April 2016 Client EON Resort Location Helengeli island, North Male Project Component Changes to the original project concept. Contact Number Mr. Krishna / Project Manager, 9983160 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing for the proposed involvements concept change in the development concept.

Name of the Report Coastal management and assessment report Date February 2015 Client Dusit Thani, Maldives

Location Muhdhoo island, Dusit Thani Project Component Coastal management / feasibility Contact Person Mr. Aruna Bandaranayaka Nature of my Lead Consultant for the environmental monitoring and management. involvements Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 6

Name of the Report EIA for the shore protection works in Island Date December 2015 Client Ministry of Environment

Location Maafushi island, South Male’ Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Contact Person Ms. Aishath Huma Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Island Date December 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Gaafaru island, North Male’ Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Gahdhoo Island Date September 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Gahdhoo island, Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Island Date September 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Nilandhoo island, Faafu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Island Date August 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Kendhoo island, Baa Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Island Date August 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Kelaa island, Haa Alifu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Technical report for the development of a coral reef in Mai Falhu in north Male’ Atoll Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 7

Date July 2014 Client WATG Singapore Location North Male’ Atoll Project Component Development of islands in a coral reef Contact name Mr.Krishna Chalise Nature of my Lead Consultant for planning and executing the bathymetric surveys and involvements preparation of technical report for the client including the development of islands, reclamation and its feasibility components.

Name of the Report EIA for the refurbishment of Viceroy at Vagaru Date May 2015 Client EON Resorts Location Vagaru, Shaviyani Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the reclamation of Maafushi island Date May 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Maafushi Island, South Male’ Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report EIA addendum report for the redevelopment of Helengeli resort with a modified harbour design Date March 2014 Client Atmosphere OBLU Location Helengeli Island, North Male’ Atoll. Project Component Redevelopment of resort Contact name Saleel Panigrahi Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including development of modified concepts involvements for the harbour

Name of the Report EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Milandhoo island Date March 2015 Client MWSC Location Milandhoo Island, Shaviyani Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Kelaa island Date February 2015 Client MWSC Location Kelaa Island, Haa Alifu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Addendum to the ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed redevelopment of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date December 2014 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 8

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Coastal Environmental Report for Thanburudhoo Island Date December 2014 Client Telos Investments

Location K.Thanburudhoo Island Project Component Coastal Protection / feasibility Contact Person Mr. Gunner Lee Miller Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the development of resort in Innahera Cluster of Islands, Date November 2014 Client SIMDI

Location Innareha Cluster of islands, Gaafu Dhaalu Project Component Environmental consultancy Contact Person Mr. Yoosuf / SIMDI Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report Preliminary Coastal Environmental Report for Thanburudhoo Island Date November 2014 Client Telos Investments

Location K.Thanburudhoo Island Project Component Coastal Protection / feasibility Contact Person Mr. Gunner Lee Miller Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction and jetty in Baarah Date November 2014 Client Ministry of Housing Location Baarah Island, Haa Alifu Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction and sewerage system in Island Date October 2014 Client MWSC Location Alifushi Island, Raa Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the Report Progress report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date October 2014 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, . Project Component Development of an Artificial Reef Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the report EIA for the redevelopment of Helengeli resort Date September 2014 Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 9

Client Atmosphere OBLU Location Helengeli Island, North Male’ Atoll. Project Component Redevelopment of resort Contact name Saleel Panigrahi Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the report Inspection and assessment of Harbour Date August 2014 Client Kocks Consult Gmb, Germany Location Vandhoo, Raa Atoll Project Component Assessment Contact name Mr. Kasdarli Sid-Alir Chakir Nature of my Lead Consultant for the assessment of the harbour. involvements

Name of the Report Implementation and launching report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date July 2014 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Development of an Artificial Reef Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the report EIA for the construction and harbour in Date July 2014 Client Ministry of Housing Location Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for the marine environment assessments. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction of sewerage system in island Date July 2014 Client MWSC Location Meedhoo island, Raa Atoll Project Component Assessment of marine and ground water components. Contact name Mr. Mohamed Rasheed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the assessment of the marine and ground water involvements environments including data collection.

Name of the Report Initial assessment report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date June 2014 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Development of an Artificial Reef Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work / feasibility assessment and report writing.

Name of the Report Technical report for the development of a coral reef in Faafu Atoll Date May 2014 Client EON Resort / Boston Consulting Group Location Faafu Atoll Project Component Development of islands Contact name Mr.Krishna Chalise

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 10

Nature of my Lead Consultant for planning and executing the bathymetric surveys and involvements preparation of technical report for the client.

Name of the Report ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the redevelopment of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date February 2014 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Coastal Environmental Report for Meradhoo Island (Jumeirah Dhevanafushi) Date March 2014 Client CDL Hospitality Group / Singapore

Location Meradhoo Island, Gaafu Alifu Atoll Project Component Coastal Protection / feasibility Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the development of a resort in Thanburudhoo Island Date February 2014 Client Telos Investments

Location K.Thanburudhoo Island, North Male’ Atoll Project Component EIA report Contact Person Mr. Gunner Lee Miller Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report Coastal management and assessment report for Park Hyatt Hadaha Date February 2014 Client Park Hyatt

Location Hadaha Island, Gaafu Alifu Atoll Project Component Coastal Assessment / Coastal management Contact Person Mr. Assad Ali Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Coral reef monitoring report Date Jan 2014 Client Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Coral Reef monitoring Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including coral reef survey assessments and involvements report writing.

Name of the Report EIA for the resort development at Kandholhudhoo island Date Jan 2014 Client Universal Resorts Location Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component EIA Contact name Mr.Ibrahim Ali Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine environment assessment. involvements Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 11

Name of the Report EIA addendum report for unloading rock boulders in island Date Jan 2014 Client Coastline Hotels and Resorts Location Baa Atoll Project Component EIA Contact name Mr. Hussain Fulhu Nature of my Lead Consultant for the environment assessment and report writing. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction and setup of an STP Date October 2013 Client Adaaran Location Hudhuranfushi, North Male’ Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the construction and harbour at Island Date August 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Gulhi Island, South Male’ Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA Feasibility report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date September 2013 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Development of a Artificial Reef Contact Number Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of a resort in Dhoores Island. Date August 2013 Client Vermillion Location Dhoores Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Development of a resort on an uninhabited island. Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of roads in Hanimaadhoo Date July 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Hanimaadhoo Island, Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine and socio-economic surveys. involvements Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of island Date July 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Eydhafushi Island Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine surveys and preparation of the report. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the setup of an RO plant in Guraidhoo Date June 2013 Client MWSC Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 12

Location Guraidhoo Island, Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine, ground water and socio-economic surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of road in Date June 2013 Client Road Corporation Location Kudahuvadhoo Island Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine, surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the project concept change at Maavelaavaru Island Date June 2013 Client Athama Investments Location Maavelavaru Island, Noonu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine, surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Guraidhoo island Date June 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Guraidhoo Island, Thaa Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Meedhoo island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Meedhoo Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Kudahuvadhoo island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Kudahuvadhoo Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Marine environment surveys Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Thulusdhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll Project Component Marine environment surveys Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Maafushi island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Maafushi Island, South Male’ Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 13

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Bodugiri in North Male’ Atoll. Date April 2013 Client STO Location North Male’ Atoll Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the harbour rehabilitation in Kurendhoo island. Date March 2013 Client Ministry of environment Location Lhaviyani Atoll. Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Utheemu Date February 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Utheemu island, Haa Alif Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Hulhumale 2nd phase

Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Hulhumale Island Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Vashafaru island Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Vashafaru island, Haa Alif Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the rehabilitation of harbour in Kumundhoo Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Kumundhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the rehabilitation of harbour in Vaikaradhoo island Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Vaikaradhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Kunahandhoo island Date January 2013 Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 14

Client Ministry of Housing Location Kunahandhoo Island, Laamu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the rehabilitation of harbour in Maavah island Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Maavah Island, Laamu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Island, Laamu Atoll Date December 2012 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Dhanbidhoo Island, Laamu Atoll Project Component Development of a harbour Contact Number Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for undertaking marine survey assessment, aerial involvements photography and coastal assessment and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Island, Lhaviyani Atoll Date December 2012 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Naifaru Island, Lhaviyani Atoll Project Component Development of a harbour Contact Number Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for undertaking marine survey assessment, aerial involvements photography and coastal assessment and report writing.

Name of the EIA Addendum to the ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date September 2012 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Dhunikolhu Resort, Baa Atoll Date August 2012 Client Sunland Hotels

Location Baa Atoll Dhunikolhu Island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Nature of my Lead Environment consultant for the marine surveys and assessment. involvements

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Boduhithi Resort, Baa Atoll Date August 2012 Client Sunland Hotels

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 15

Location Boduhithi Island, North Male’ Atoll Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Nature of my Lead Environment consultant for the marine surveys and assessment. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the repair and rehabilitation of the sea water intake pipe line of STELCO. Date June 2012 Client STELCO

Location Male’ Project Component Marine surveys Contact Number Nature of my Lead Environment consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of over water villas at Hudhuranfushi resort Date May 2012 Client Adaaran Resorts Location K.Hudhuranfushi (Lhohifushi) Project Component Development of new water villas Contact Number Mr. Vijay Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA of resort Development at Vommuli island Date April 2012 Client Maldives resort pvt ltd Location Dhaalu Atoll Vommuli island Project Component Development of the entire island to a resort Contact Number Mr. Shaaheen. 7777650 Nature of my EIA consultant advising the architects on developing the concept, involvements identifying appropriate locations for water villas and jetty construction and also guiding them in designing and locating the structures on the island so that minimal disruption to the coastal environment will occur.

Name of the EIA EIA of beach replenishment and coastal modification, Date April 2012 Client Villa Hotels Location Royal island, Baa Atoll Project Component Beach replenishment in some areas and extraction of sand from some areas with high accretion Contact Person Mr.Thihaan, Manager, Royal Island resort Nature of my Involved in the mapping of eroding areas and also undertaking the marine involvements environment surveys.

Name of the EIA EIA of Kudahithi Redevelopment Date April 2012 Client Coco Palm Resorts Location Kudahithi island, North Kaafu Atoll Project Component Rehabilitation of the beach including nourishment Contact Person Mr. Adam, Coco palm Resorts Nature of my Involved in the coastal assessment and undertaking marine surveys involvements including identifying areas for sand borrowing and developing methodologies for nourishment of sand.

Name of the EIA EIA of Dhonakulhi Redevelopment Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 16

Date March 2012 Client Island Hideaway Location Dhonakulhi island, Haa Alif Atoll Project Component Redevelopment of the resort Contact Person Mr. Hafeez, 7773233 Nature of my Lead EIA consultant for the project including undertaking marine and involvements coastal surveys.

Name of the EIA EIA of development of a sewerage system Date February 2012 Client Shin Nipppon Location Meemu Atoll island Project Component Development of a new sewerage network Contact Person Mr. Saman Adhihetty. [email protected] Nature of my EIA consultant for the project including assessment of groundwater involvements resources and quantification of freshwater availability. Also assist the team in identifying best locations for outfall as well as treatment tanks. Also designed and analysed the willingness to pay survey in the island.

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Thimarafushi second phase Date December 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Thimarafushi island, Thaa Atoll Project Component Reclamation of the island lagoon, second phase Contact Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my Lead EIA consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA For the proposed upgrading and development of the Regional Port, Kulhudhufushi, Haa Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives Date November 2011 Client Kulhudhufushi Port Limited Location Kulhudhufushi island, Haa Dhaal Atoll Project Component Upgrading of Kulhudhufushi Port Contact Kulhudhufushi Port Limited Nature of my Lead EIA consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA For the proposed development of a mooring area Date November 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Mathikomandoo, Shaviyani Atoll Project Component Development of a mooring area Contact Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my EIA consultant, undertaking marine and island surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development and upgrading of harbour Date November 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Mulah, Meemu Atoll Project Component Redevelopment of Mulah harbour Contact Person Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my Assistant EIA consultant including undertaking bathymetry surveys and involvements marine assessments.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of road Date August 2011 Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 17

Client Southern utilities Location Hithadhoo island, Project Component Development of a new roads for SAARC summit Contact Person Mr. Zareer, Southern Utilities Nature of my Assessment of vegetation clearing and undertaking vegetation surveys, involvements undertaking marine surveys in areas of the lagoon where sediment was borrowed to level the roads. Also extensive mapping was undertaken in the project site to determine the boundary and extent.

Name of the EIA EIA for the For the proposed development of a Marina at Hulhumale lagoon, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

Date July 2011 Client Housing Development Cooperation (HDC) Location Hulhumale, North Male’ Atoll Project Component Development of a marina Contact HDC Nature of my Lead EIA consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA addendnum for For the Proposed Airport Development in Dharavandhoo, Baa Atoll

Date June 2011 Client Coastline Hotels and Resorts Location Dharavandhoo island, Baa Atoll Project Component Change in reclamation concept Contact Person Mr. Gahthan Haleem Nature of my Lead consultant for the project including mapping and undertaking marine involvements assessments for the report.

Name of the EIA EIA of Harbor Rehabilitation in Biledhoo, Faafu Atoll, Date May 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location F. Biledhoo Project Component Rehabilitation of the Harbour at F. Biledhoo Contact Number Shaana Farooq, Project Coordinator at Ministry of Housing and Environment, Director, 3004300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant, Environment consultant for the coastal component of involvements the project

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed concept change in Vagaru, Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives

Date March 2011 Client Vagaru holdings Pvt.Ltd Location Sh. Vagaru Project Component Resort development at Sh. Vagaru Contact Number Dilip Kumar, Finance Controller- Projects, 333 9992 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the environmental involvements infrastructure component of the EIA

Name of the EIA INITAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION For the proposed convention centre at Hithadhoo Date January 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Hithadhoo, Project Component Development of the convention centre at Hithadhoo for the SAARC Summit

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 18

Contact Number Shaana Farooq, Project Coordinator at Ministry of Housing and Environment, Director, 3004300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the environmental involvements infrastructure component of the EIA

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date January 2011 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the Coastal involvements Component

Name of the EIA SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT for the Expansion and Modernization of Malé International Airport

Date November 2010 Client GMR Malé International Airport Private Limited Location Malé International Airport, Hulhule Project Component Expansion and Modernization of Malé International Airport Contact Number P. Sripathy, Managing Director +918040432000 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant, Environment consultant for the coastal component of involvements the project

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed Upgrade and Redevelopment in Thudufushi Resort, South Ari Atoll, Maldives Date June 2010 Client Voyages Maldives Location ADh. Thudhufushi Project Component Resort development Contact Number Mohamed Shafeegu, Director, 7784933 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant, Environment consultant for the coastal component of involvements the project

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT For the Proposed 1000 houses in Hulhumale, Maldives Date May 2010 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Hulhumale, Project Component Housing Contact Number Ahmed Saleem, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the redevelopment of Moofushi resort Date June 2009 Client Constance Hotels and Resorts, Mauritius Location Moofushi island resort, Project Component Redevelopment of Moofushi resort Contact Number Constance Hotels and Resorts

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 19

Nature of my EIA consultant for the project including helping clients develop the project involvements concept including guiding the architects in locating of new structures, jetties.

Name of the EIA EIA for the proposed water bottling plant at Hulhumalé Industrial Area Date May 2009 Client Handy Industries Pvt Ltd Location Hulhumalé Project Component Water bottling plant at Hulhumalé Industrial Area Contact Number Hassan Saeed, Project Manger, Director, 7774888 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the environmental involvements infrastructure component of the EIA

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed Upgrade and Redevelopment in Athuruga resort, South Ari Atoll, Maldives

Date May 2009 Client Voyages Maldives Location Athuruga Island Resort Project Component Upgrade and Redevelopment in Athuruga resort Contact Number Mohamed Shafeegu, Director, 7784933 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the coastal component involvements of the poject

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the the Development of a Boat Yard and Slipway at , Kaafu Atoll, Maldives Date April 2009 Client Veyla Travels and Tours Pvt. Ltd Location Kaashidhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll Project Component Development of a boat yard Contact Veyla Travels and Tours Pvt. Ltd Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the coastal component involvements of the project

Name of the EIA INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION for the proposed construction of a jetty joining Thulusdhoo and Thulusdhoo - Huraagandu, Kaafu Atoll, Maldives

Date February 2009 Client Thulusdhoo Island council Location Thulusdhoo Project Component Construction of a jetty Contact Number Mohamed, 645553 Nature of my EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA For the proposed modification for the original development concept in Hadahaa island, , Maldives

Date May 2009 Client Driftwood Maldives Location Hadaha, Gaa Alif Atoll Project Component Concept change for the originally developed concept. Contact Driftwood Maldives Nature of my Lead EIA consultant for the project. involvements

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 20

Social and Environmental Impact Assessment for the setup of a drinking water supply network in , Gaafu Dhaal atoll, Maldives; September 2008 Lead EIA consultant for data collection and report writing.

Environmental Impact assessment for the redevelopment of Bolifushi resort, South Male’ Atoll; August 2008 EIA consultant for data collection and Marine environmental surveys and preparation of marine survey findings.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the Proposed Refurbishment of Adaaran Club Rannaalhi, South Male’ Atoll, Maldives; April 2008. Lead EIA consultant for data collection and report writing

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT for the Restoration of Beach at Royal Island Resort and Spa, March 2008 Lead EIA consultant for data collection and report writing

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the Proposed Redevelopment of Island resort, South Male’ Atoll, Maldives, March 2008 Lead EIA Consultant for the project.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Island, Thaa Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Mathiveri Island, Alif Alif Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Kendhoo Island, Baa Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Makunudhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Island, Raa Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Island, Noonu Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the redevelopment of Lily Beach Resort, Alifu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives (June 2007) Lead EIA Consultant for data collection including bathymetric surveys and report writing.

Projects, programmes, research or activities participated in or contributed to

Workshop on Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance (April 29 –1st May, 2007, Khulhudhufushi, Haa Dhaal atoll) Managing and leading the workshop. Presentation on water quality monitoring and surveillance, including ground water and rainwater. Teaching community members on how to assess water quality and undertake surveys and do monitoring work.

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 21

Bathymetric Survey of Emboodhoo Finolhu Island (Taj Exotica Resort), South Male’ Atoll, Maldives (April 2007) Detailed bathymetric survey of the island’s northern lagoon using sonar equipment and differential GPS.

Bathymetric Survey of Olhuveli Island, Laamu Atoll, Maldives (30-31 March 2007) Detailed bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon using sonar equipment and differential GPS. Survey also include identifying and mapping coral patches, specific shallow and deep areas and other ecosystems such as sand banks within the lagoon system.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Noonu atoll Kudafaree, Maldives (March 2007) Preparation of the IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Meemu , Maldives (March 2007) Preparation of the IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Gaafu Dhaal , Maldives (March 2007) Data collection for the IEA including noise and particulate matter levels during peak and off peak hours. Preparation of the IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Laamu Dambidhoo, Maldives (March 2007) Preparation of an IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Groundwater assessment of Noonu Atoll Manadhoo, Maldives (Jan 2007) Data collection including assessing groundwater quality and setting baseline parameters for the preparation of an EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in the island.

Groundwater assessment of Raa atoll Ungoofaaru, Maldives (Jan 2007) Data collection including assessing groundwater quality and setting baseline parameters for the preparation of an EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in the island.

EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Daalu atoll Meedhoo, Maldives (Jan 2007) Data collection including assessing groundwater quality and setting baseline parameters. Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Laamu atoll Dambidhoo, Maldives (Dec 2006) Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Naridhoo island, Haa Alif atoll, Maldives (Dec 2006) Assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA.

Shoreline survey of Cocoa Palm island Resort, Maldives (Oct 2006) Mapping the island’s shore line, vegetation line, high tide line, reef line and the extent of erosion. Setting up baseline GIS maps to assess the extent of coastal damage.

Survey of Royal Island Resort and Spa, Baa atoll, Maldives (Oct 2006) Mapping the island’s shore line and setting up baseline GIS maps to assess the extent of coastal damage.

Addendum to EIA for the resort development in Noonu Maavelaavaru, Maldives (Sep 2006) Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Vaavu , Maldives (Sep 2006) Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the redevelopment of villivaru resort in Male’ Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2006) Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Mapping the island including, broad bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon and reef extent .

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Medhafushi island, Noonu Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2006) Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 22

Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon using differential GPS and echosounder.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Gaakoshibi island, Maldives (Sep 2006) Assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Vagaru island, Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives (Aug 2006) Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Mapping the island and setting up baseline GIS maps for monitoring purposes. Broad bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon.

Bathymetric survey of Giraavaru Island resort, Male’ atoll, Maldives (June 2006) Broad bathymetric survey of the islands lagoon system using GPS and ecosounder. Mapping the limits of the reef line.

Mapping and bathymetric survey of Halaveli Island resort, Alif atoll, Maldives (May 2006) Mapping the island including shore and vegetation line and generating maps including the islands existing coastal infrastructure and entrance channel. Broad bathymetric survey of the islands lagoon system using GPS and ecosounder.

Workshop on Drinking Water quality monitoring and surveillance (May 14 - 16, 2006, Meemu atoll) Presentation on water quality monitoring and surveillance, including ground water and rainwater. Teaching community members on how to assess water quality and undertake surveys and do monitoring work. Managing and leading the workshop

Workshop on Drinking Water quality monitoring and surveillance (Jan, 2006, Raa atoll) Presentation on water quality monitoring and surveillance, including ground water and rainwater. Teaching community members on how to assess water quality and undertake surveys and do monitoring work. Managing and leading the workshop

Mapping newly renovated Olhuveli Island resort and spa, South Male’ atoll, Maldives (April 2006) Mapping the island including shore and vegetation line and generating maps including newly reclaimed land mass.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Seenu Villingilli, Maldives (March 2006) Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Mapping the island and setting up baseline GIS maps for monitoring purposes.

Mapping and baseline groundwater survey of Kurendhoo Island in Lhaviyani atoll, Maldives (April 2006) Mapping the entire island including shore and vegetation line and setting up GIS base maps for water quality for a sewerage system design.

Erosion study for Royal Island Resort and Spa, Maldives (February 2006) Baseline data collection and assessment of the coastal aspects of the study. Mapping the island’s shore line and setting up baseline GIS maps for monitoring erosion.

EIA for the establishment of Kaafu Maafushi island’s sewerage system, Maldives (November 2005) Baseline data collection and assessment of the groundwater and terrestrial environment.

EIA for the establishment of Kaafu Guraidhoo’s sewerage system, Maldives (November 2005) Baseline data collection and assessment of the groundwater and terrestrial environment .

EIA of Viligilimathidahura reclamation and development, Maldives (October 2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna and socio- economic impacts.

EIA of the Fourth Power Project for STELCO (August 2005) Assessment and reporting of the health impacts of the project.

EIA of Boduhithi Resort redevelopment, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

EIA of Kudahithi Resort redevelopment, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

EIA of Maavelavaru Resort redevelopment, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 23

Abdul Aleem (Amooo) – Curriculum Vitae

Personal and contact Full name: Abdul Aleem details Common Name: Amooo Date of birth: 2nd November 1973 Nationality: Maldivian Sex: Male’

Permanent address M.Dhonumaruge Dhekunubai, Jahaamuguri Goalhi, Male', Republic of Maldives Present address G.Boduga Villa 2nd Floor, Majeedhee Magu, Male', Republic of Maldives

Tel: + 960 3341643 Mobile: + 960 7793502 Web: www.water-solutions.biz Email (Office): [email protected] Email (Personal): [email protected]

Experience

Specialized in Environmental Health, Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Health Impact assessment, Water quality assessment and monitoring (ground and drinking water). Good practical and working experience on terrestrial surveying, qualitative and quantitative fresh water quality surveys, groundwater quality assessment for monitoring purpose (small islands), bathymetric surveys of reefs and lagoons, coastal and marine survey (beach profile measurement using levels and current measurement using dye test), noise assessment and air pollutant measurement. Competent in mapping islands using differential GPS and developing GIS base maps.

Good theoretical and practical knowledge of MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power Point, Macromedia Director MX, Macromedia Deamweaver MX, Macromedia Flash MX, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, Quick Time Pro, Corel Draw. Basic knowledge of MS Access. Good working knowledge and experience in designing and maintenance of static websites and basic knowledge on Dynamic websites. Good knowledge and experience in designing and authoring multimedia CD’s for personal computers using macromedia Director. Good theoretical and practical knowledge on GIS and capable of developing small to medium size GIS projects.

Good practical knowledge on coastal management, coastal surveying, especially use of shorelines as an indicator of coastal erosion, identifying methods of erosion control and beach management and rectification issues.

Fluent in coral reef surveys and a certified Reef check surveyour.

PADI Open Water Instructor and Specialty Instructor (PADI No: 261728) with experience in teaching and diving in a number of atolls in the Maldives.

LANGUAGE & DEGREE OF PROFICIENCY:

Speaking Writing Reading English Excellent Excellent Excellent Dhivehi Mother tongue Mother tongue Mother tongue

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 1

Photography Advance Course (1994) Six months course, Youth Centre, Republic of Maldives

Photography Technical Course - Advertising Photography (1995) 6 months course, Youth Centre, Republic of Maldives

Technical papers and research undertaken

Mapping the incidence of Dengue using GIS in Male from 1998 to 2005 Available Dengue incidents reported from Male’, was transformed in to a GIS to assess the disease occurrence patterns in Maldives during the study period and identify any patterns in its occurrence January 2006, Project undertaken for WEB Foundations (webfound.org). The project was completed entirely on my own

Drafting of the 1st National Drinking Water Quality guidelines for Maldives Drafting the guidelines with the assistance and supervision from Dr. Machiel Stynberg, South Africa.

Safety of Rainwater harvesting in Maldives Data analysis and reporting of a pilot survey conducted for the 12th International Rainwater Catchment Systems Conference, New Delhi 2005.

Occupational Health Injury Situation Analysis (December 2002) Joint study on assessing occupational injuries and its situation in Maldives. Study done for Ministry of Health with Ahmed Zahid.

Environmental Health Review (November 2001) A review of Environmental Health status in Maldives done for Ministry of Health

Health and Safety Aspects (October 2001) Joint study on the Feasibility of a Poultry Farm in Maldives. Feasibility study done for a private firm.

Environmental Impact Statement (December 2000) Undertaken for the RO plant at ADK Hospital, Male’, Maldives.

Healthy Islands Plan of Action for Maldives: (2000) Prepared for Environmental Health Unit of Ministry of Health, Maldives

Critique on Hawkesbury Healthy City Project (1999) One year research project undertaken at WHO Collaborating Center for environmental Health, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Sydney, Australia

Healthy River: Water Quality Study of Nabukalau Creek, Suva, Fiji Islands; 1998 Third year research project undertaken at Department of Environmental Health, Fiji School of Medicine, Suva, Fiji

Environmental and other technical reports

Name: EIA for the design and project management of the construction of bridges, channels, harbours and shore protection works at Hulhumale’ phase 2 Completed Date: 30 January 2018 Proponent: Housing Development Corporation Responsibilities: Undertaken the EIA as one of the lead consultants. Technical expertise provide includes marine survey studies / assessment and impact assessment for the dredging components. Additional members: Hassan Shah (EIA P02/2007)

Name: EIA for the construction of sewerage system in Utheemu Island in Haa Alif Atoll. Completed Date: 05 November 2017 Proponent: Ministry of Environment and Energy Responsibilities: Undertaken the EIA as one of the lead consultants during data collection, site visits, analysis, leading junior trainees and report writing. Input as technical person for the assessment of groundwater studies and estimation of aquifer size. Additional members: Ibrahim Faiz (T06/15), Mohamed Umaru

Name: EIA for the Resort Development of Thilamaafushi island in Lhaviyani Atoll. Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 3

Education

Master of Public Health (MPH) - 2003 to 2004 University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Subjects undertaken: Foundations of Public Health; Social Health Research methods, Statistics for Health Sciences; Child Health, Computer Applications in Epidemiology; Research methods for health professionals; Principles of Health informatics; Alcohol, tobacco and other drug studies; Mental health development-theories and principles; Health and Society; Masters dissertation: A qualitative study on “Impact of Stroke on caregivers”.

Bachelor of Environmental Health - Feb 1999 to Nov 1999 University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Australia

Subjects undertaken: Environmental Health in Practice, Environmental Planning, Food Safety, Noise Assessment and Control, Environmental and Health Education, Environmental Health in Practice (Healthy City Environments), Air Quality Assessment and Management

Diploma in Environmental Health - Feb 1996 - Nov 1998 Fiji School of Medicine, Suva, Fiji

Subjects undertaken: Environmental Health Practicum 1-Primary Health Care, Public Health Administration, Public Health Law, Introduction to Building, Introduction to Population Studies, Environmental Health Practicum 2- Community Health, Epidemiology and Health, Food Handling and Hygiene, Physiology and Toxicology, Chemistry Concepts and Compounds, Environmental Health Practicum 3-Water Quality Studies, Waste Management, Non Formal Education, Introduction to Management, Environmental Health Practicum 4-Terrestrial and Human Ecology, Building 2, Construction Technology, Building Technology, Adult Learning, Environmental Health Practicum 5 – Environmental Impact Assessment, Occupational Health, Town and Country Planning, Organizational Management, Organizational Behaviour, Final Year project (Water Quality Study of Nabukalau Creek, Suva, Fiji Islands).

General Certificate of Education Examination (June 1990 - June 1992) Advanced Level Certificate, University of London, School Examinations Board

General Certificate of Education Examination (Jan 1987 - Dec 1989) Ordinary Level Certificate, University of London, School Examinations Board

Other Professional Courses and training

PADI Open Water Scuba Instructor (Instructor Number 261728) and NITROX Specialty Instructor PADI International

Teledyne PDS Software Multibeam Acquisition & Processing (2015) Training course on the use of Multibeam Echosounder for underwater surveying held in Male’, Maldives in November 2015.

Reef check surveying protocols (2014) Training course on the use of Reef Check protocol for undertaking coral reef surveys held in Male’, Maldives in 2014. Training organized by Marine Research Centre.

International Training Programme in GIS for Policy Making, Planning and management of Spatially Distributed resources (2005) 19.12.2005 to 30.12.2005, International Center for Geo-informatics Applications and Training, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka

Certificate course in Web Designing and Multimedia (2001) 19.12.2000 to 20.2.2001, Access Computers, Republic of Maldives

Basic French (1996) Three month course in basic French, Alliance Francaise, Suva, Fiji Islands

Photography Basic Course (1993) Six months course, Youth Centre, Republic of Maldives

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 2

Completed Date: 15 November 2017 Proponent: Selo Holdings Pvt. Ltd Responsibilities: Undertaken the EIA as one of the lead consultants during data collection, site visits, analysis, leading junior trainees and report writing. Additional members: Ibrahim Faiz (T06/15), Mohamed Umaru

Name: EIA for the construction of sewerage system in Baarah Island in Haa Alif Atoll. Completed Date: 1 October 2017 Proponent: Ministry of Environment and Energy Responsibilities: Undertaken the EIA as one of the lead consultants during data collection, site visits, analysis, leading junior trainees and report writing. Input as technical person for the assessment of groundwater studies and estimation of aquifer size. Additional members: Ibrahim Faiz (T06/15), Mohamed Umaru

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of Dhandhoo island into a resort in Baa Atoll Date April 2017 Client Paradee Resorts, Thailand / Dhandhoo Holdings Pvt.Ltd Location Dhandhoo Island, Baa Atoll Project Component Development of the island to a new resort. Contact Mr. Pong, Thailand based project Manager, Email:[email protected] Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in the project. During the EIA preparation, I also involvements trained two new staff members on data gathering at site including terrestrial, marine and coastal data.

Name of the EIA EIA addendum for Coastal Protection works. Date February 2017 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Hoarafushi Island, Haa Alifu Atoll Project Component Exploring options for the change in borrow areas from where sand will be obtained for backfilling. Contact / client Ministry of Housing and Environment. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for the project. My role includes visiting the island involvements and collecting on site data at the same time leading the team of junior consultants to undertake the EIA data collection. During the project, stakeholders were met and social issues related to the project were identified and the process as used as a means to come up with a suitable and acceptable solutions.

Name of the EIA EIA for the creation of an artificial reef in Hondaafushi by sinking a cargo vessel. Date January 2017 Client AAA Resorts Location Hondaafushi Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Preparation of EIA report Contact Number Mr. Ahmed / Civil Engineer, AAA Resorts, 7907320 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the construction of a new entrance channel Date December 2016 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure Location Bilehdhoo Island, Faafu Atoll Project Component Construction of a new entrance channel Contact Number Nafha Aujaz / Ministry of Housing

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Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. The Project involvements involves development of a new entrance channel in Bilehdhoo as the existing channel has several design flaws resulting in difficulty and functionality. The report was prepared by collecting on site data including stakeholder consultations and other data including marine, coastal and harbour details. The project was particularly a challenging project as the harbour was only recently developed and having to implement another new project had its draw backs.

Name of the EIA EIA addendum repot for the creation of a channel in Muthaaufushi Island. Date November 2016 Client Well Land Investment Private Limited Location Muthaafushi island, Baa Atoll Project Component Development of a new entrance channel. Contact Number Mr. Arif, 7782136 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the setup of sewerage system in Mulah. Date November 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Mulah Island, Meemu Atoll. Project Component Development of a new sewerage system. Contact Number Ministry of Environment and Energy Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included ground water and calculation of groundwater quantity in the island.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of Fasmendhoo island in to a resort. Date October 2016 Client Emil resorts / Mr. Fransesco Location Fasmendhoo Island, Raa Atoll Project Component Development of the island in to a resort. Contact Number 7508694 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, terrestrial and social environment

Name of the EIA EIA for the Dhihdhoo Coastal Protection. Date September 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Dhihdhoo Island, Haa Alifu Atoll Project Component Construction of coastal protection Contact Number 301-8300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, and social aspects of the project. Name of the EIA EIA for the Gahdhoo Coastal Protection. Date September 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Gahdhoo Island, Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Construction of coastal protection Contact Number 301-8300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, and social aspects of the project.

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Name of the EIA EIA for the Coastal Protection in Fainu Island. Date July 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Fainu Island, Raa Atoll Project Component Construction of coastal protection Contact Number 301-8300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, and social aspects of the project.

Name of the EIA EIA for the Coastal Protection in Guraidhoo Date June 2016 Client Ministry of Environment and Energy Location Guraidhoo Island, Thaa Atoll Project Component Construction of coastal protection Contact Number 301-8300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing. Work includes involvements site visits, data collection and report writing. Data collection included marine, coastal, and social aspects of the project.

Name of the EIA EIA for the resort concept change in Vomulli Island. Date June 2016 Client Residency Resorts Maldives Location Vommuli Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Changes to the original project concept. Contact Number 9946464 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing for the proposed involvements concept change in the development concept.

Name of the EIA EIA for the coastal protection of Dusit Thani. Date May 2016 Client Dusit Thani Maldives Location Muhdhoo Island, Baa Atoll Project Component Implementation of a coastal protection plan for the eastern side of the island. Contact Number 7954716 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in formulating the coastal protection plan, data involvements collection and report writing for the proposed project.

Name of the EIA EIA for the proposed additional changes brought to Helengeli resort redevelopment. Date April 2016 Client EON Resort Location Helengeli island, North Male Project Component Changes to the original project concept. Contact Number Mr. Krishna / Project Manager, 9983160 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant in data collection and report writing for the proposed involvements concept change in the development concept.

Name of the Report Coastal management and assessment report Date February 2015 Client Dusit Thani, Maldives

Location Muhdhoo island, Dusit Thani Project Component Coastal management / feasibility Contact Person Mr. Aruna Bandaranayaka Nature of my Lead Consultant for the environmental monitoring and management. involvements Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 6

Name of the Report EIA for the shore protection works in Maafushi Island Date December 2015 Client Ministry of Environment

Location Maafushi island, South Male’ Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Contact Person Ms. Aishath Huma Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Gaafaru Island Date December 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Gaafaru island, North Male’ Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Gahdhoo Island Date September 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Gahdhoo island, Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Nilandhoo Island Date September 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Nilandhoo island, Faafu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Kendhoo Island Date August 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Kendhoo island, Baa Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the harbour rehabilitation and redevelopment in Kelaa Island Date August 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Kelaa island, Haa Alifu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Technical report for the development of a coral reef in Mai Falhu in north Male’ Atoll Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 7

Date July 2014 Client WATG Singapore Location North Male’ Atoll Project Component Development of islands in a coral reef Contact name Mr.Krishna Chalise Nature of my Lead Consultant for planning and executing the bathymetric surveys and involvements preparation of technical report for the client including the development of islands, reclamation and its feasibility components.

Name of the Report EIA for the refurbishment of Viceroy at Vagaru Date May 2015 Client EON Resorts Location Vagaru, Shaviyani Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the reclamation of Maafushi island Date May 2015 Client Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure

Location Maafushi Island, South Male’ Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report EIA addendum report for the redevelopment of Helengeli resort with a modified harbour design Date March 2014 Client Atmosphere OBLU Location Helengeli Island, North Male’ Atoll. Project Component Redevelopment of resort Contact name Saleel Panigrahi Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including development of modified concepts involvements for the harbour

Name of the Report EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Milandhoo island Date March 2015 Client MWSC Location Milandhoo Island, Shaviyani Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Kelaa island Date February 2015 Client MWSC Location Kelaa Island, Haa Alifu Atoll Project Component Environmental consultancy Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Addendum to the ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed redevelopment of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date December 2014 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 8

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Coastal Environmental Report for Thanburudhoo Island Date December 2014 Client Telos Investments

Location K.Thanburudhoo Island Project Component Coastal Protection / feasibility Contact Person Mr. Gunner Lee Miller Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report EIA for the development of resort in Innahera Cluster of Islands, Date November 2014 Client SIMDI

Location Innareha Cluster of islands, Gaafu Dhaalu Project Component Environmental consultancy Contact Person Mr. Yoosuf / SIMDI Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report Preliminary Coastal Environmental Report for Thanburudhoo Island Date November 2014 Client Telos Investments

Location K.Thanburudhoo Island Project Component Coastal Protection / feasibility Contact Person Mr. Gunner Lee Miller Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction and jetty in Baarah Date November 2014 Client Ministry of Housing Location Baarah Island, Haa Alifu Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction and sewerage system in Alifushi Island Date October 2014 Client MWSC Location Alifushi Island, Raa Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the Report Progress report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date October 2014 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Development of an Artificial Reef Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the report EIA for the redevelopment of Helengeli resort Date September 2014 Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 9

Client Atmosphere OBLU Location Helengeli Island, North Male’ Atoll. Project Component Redevelopment of resort Contact name Saleel Panigrahi Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the report Inspection and assessment of Vandhoo Harbour Date August 2014 Client Kocks Consult Gmb, Germany Location Vandhoo, Raa Atoll Project Component Assessment Contact name Mr. Kasdarli Sid-Alir Chakir Nature of my Lead Consultant for the assessment of the harbour. involvements

Name of the Report Implementation and launching report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date July 2014 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Development of an Artificial Reef Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the report EIA for the construction and harbour in Magoodhoo Date July 2014 Client Ministry of Housing Location Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for the marine environment assessments. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction of sewerage system in Meedhoo island Date July 2014 Client MWSC Location Meedhoo island, Raa Atoll Project Component Assessment of marine and ground water components. Contact name Mr. Mohamed Rasheed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the assessment of the marine and ground water involvements environments including data collection.

Name of the Report Initial assessment report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date June 2014 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Development of an Artificial Reef Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work / feasibility assessment and report writing.

Name of the Report Technical report for the development of a coral reef in Faafu Atoll Date May 2014 Client EON Resort / Boston Consulting Group Location Faafu Atoll Project Component Development of islands Contact name Mr.Krishna Chalise

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 10

Nature of my Lead Consultant for planning and executing the bathymetric surveys and involvements preparation of technical report for the client.

Name of the Report ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the redevelopment of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date February 2014 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Coastal Environmental Report for Meradhoo Island (Jumeirah Dhevanafushi) Date March 2014 Client CDL Hospitality Group / Singapore

Location Meradhoo Island, Gaafu Alifu Atoll Project Component Coastal Protection / feasibility Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the development of a resort in Thanburudhoo Island Date February 2014 Client Telos Investments

Location K.Thanburudhoo Island, North Male’ Atoll Project Component EIA report Contact Person Mr. Gunner Lee Miller Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the report Coastal management and assessment report for Park Hyatt Hadaha Date February 2014 Client Park Hyatt

Location Hadaha Island, Gaafu Alifu Atoll Project Component Coastal Assessment / Coastal management Contact Person Mr. Assad Ali Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the Report Coral reef monitoring report Date Jan 2014 Client Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Coral Reef monitoring Contact name Solih Mohamed Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including coral reef survey assessments and involvements report writing.

Name of the Report EIA for the resort development at Kandholhudhoo island Date Jan 2014 Client Universal Resorts Location Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component EIA Contact name Mr.Ibrahim Ali Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine environment assessment. involvements Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 11

Name of the Report EIA addendum report for unloading rock boulders in Dharavandhoo island Date Jan 2014 Client Coastline Hotels and Resorts Location Baa Atoll Project Component EIA Contact name Mr. Hussain Fulhu Nature of my Lead Consultant for the environment assessment and report writing. involvements

Name of the report EIA for the construction and setup of an STP Date October 2013 Client Adaaran Location Hudhuranfushi, North Male’ Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the construction and harbour at Gulhi Island Date August 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Gulhi Island, South Male’ Atoll. Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA Feasibility report for the development and establishment of an artificial reef Date September 2013 Client Valmont, Switzerland and Constance Halaveli Resort Location Constace Halaveli Resort, Alif Alif Atoll. Project Component Development of a Artificial Reef Contact Number Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of a resort in Dhoores Island. Date August 2013 Client Vermillion Location Dhoores Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Development of a resort on an uninhabited island. Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project including survey assessments, consultations, involvements research work and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of roads in Hanimaadhoo Date July 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Hanimaadhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine and socio-economic surveys. involvements Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Eydhafushi island Date July 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Eydhafushi Island Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine surveys and preparation of the report. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the setup of an RO plant in Guraidhoo Date June 2013 Client MWSC Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 12

Location Guraidhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine, ground water and socio-economic surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of road in Kudahuvadhoo Date June 2013 Client Road Corporation Location Kudahuvadhoo Island Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine, surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the project concept change at Maavelaavaru Island Date June 2013 Client Athama Investments Location Maavelavaru Island, Noonu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys Nature of my Lead Consultant for the marine, surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Guraidhoo island Date June 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Guraidhoo Island, Thaa Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Meedhoo island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Meedhoo Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Kudahuvadhoo island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Kudahuvadhoo Island, Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Marine environment surveys Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Thulusdhoo island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Thulusdhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll Project Component Marine environment surveys Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Maafushi island Date May 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Maafushi Island, South Male’ Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 13

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Bodugiri in North Male’ Atoll. Date April 2013 Client STO Location North Male’ Atoll Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the harbour rehabilitation in Kurendhoo island. Date March 2013 Client Ministry of environment Location Lhaviyani Atoll. Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Utheemu Date February 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Utheemu island, Haa Alif Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Hulhumale 2nd phase

Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Hulhumale Island Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Vashafaru island Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Vashafaru island, Haa Alif Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the rehabilitation of harbour in Kumundhoo Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Kumundhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the rehabilitation of harbour in Vaikaradhoo island Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Vaikaradhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll Project Component Project management and coordination Nature of my Lead Consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Kunahandhoo island Date January 2013 Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 14

Client Ministry of Housing Location Kunahandhoo Island, Laamu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the rehabilitation of harbour in Maavah island Date January 2013 Client Ministry of Housing Location Maavah Island, Laamu Atoll Project Component Marine surveys and assessment Nature of my Marine surveys and reporting involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Dhanbidhoo Island, Laamu Atoll Date December 2012 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Dhanbidhoo Island, Laamu Atoll Project Component Development of a harbour Contact Number Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for undertaking marine survey assessment, aerial involvements photography and coastal assessment and report writing.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of harbour in Naifaru Island, Lhaviyani Atoll Date December 2012 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Naifaru Island, Lhaviyani Atoll Project Component Development of a harbour Contact Number Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant for undertaking marine survey assessment, aerial involvements photography and coastal assessment and report writing.

Name of the EIA Addendum to the ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date September 2012 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the project. involvements

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Dhunikolhu Resort, Baa Atoll Date August 2012 Client Sunland Hotels

Location Baa Atoll Dhunikolhu Island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Nature of my Lead Environment consultant for the marine surveys and assessment. involvements

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Boduhithi Resort, Baa Atoll Date August 2012 Client Sunland Hotels

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 15

Location Boduhithi Island, North Male’ Atoll Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Nature of my Lead Environment consultant for the marine surveys and assessment. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the repair and rehabilitation of the sea water intake pipe line of STELCO. Date June 2012 Client STELCO

Location Male’ Project Component Marine surveys Contact Number Nature of my Lead Environment consultant for the project involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of over water villas at Hudhuranfushi resort Date May 2012 Client Adaaran Resorts Location K.Hudhuranfushi (Lhohifushi) Project Component Development of new water villas Contact Number Mr. Vijay Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA of resort Development at Vommuli island Date April 2012 Client Maldives resort pvt ltd Location Dhaalu Atoll Vommuli island Project Component Development of the entire island to a resort Contact Number Mr. Shaaheen. 7777650 Nature of my EIA consultant advising the architects on developing the concept, involvements identifying appropriate locations for water villas and jetty construction and also guiding them in designing and locating the structures on the island so that minimal disruption to the coastal environment will occur.

Name of the EIA EIA of beach replenishment and coastal modification, Date April 2012 Client Villa Hotels Location Royal island, Baa Atoll Project Component Beach replenishment in some areas and extraction of sand from some areas with high accretion Contact Person Mr.Thihaan, Manager, Royal Island resort Nature of my Involved in the mapping of eroding areas and also undertaking the marine involvements environment surveys.

Name of the EIA EIA of Kudahithi Redevelopment Date April 2012 Client Coco Palm Resorts Location Kudahithi island, North Kaafu Atoll Project Component Rehabilitation of the beach including nourishment Contact Person Mr. Adam, Coco palm Resorts Nature of my Involved in the coastal assessment and undertaking marine surveys involvements including identifying areas for sand borrowing and developing methodologies for nourishment of sand.

Name of the EIA EIA of Dhonakulhi Redevelopment Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 16

Date March 2012 Client Island Hideaway Location Dhonakulhi island, Haa Alif Atoll Project Component Redevelopment of the resort Contact Person Mr. Hafeez, 7773233 Nature of my Lead EIA consultant for the project including undertaking marine and involvements coastal surveys.

Name of the EIA EIA of development of a sewerage system Date February 2012 Client Shin Nipppon Location Meemu Atoll Kolhufushi island Project Component Development of a new sewerage network Contact Person Mr. Saman Adhihetty. [email protected] Nature of my EIA consultant for the project including assessment of groundwater involvements resources and quantification of freshwater availability. Also assist the team in identifying best locations for outfall as well as treatment tanks. Also designed and analysed the willingness to pay survey in the island.

Name of the EIA EIA for the reclamation of Thimarafushi second phase Date December 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Thimarafushi island, Thaa Atoll Project Component Reclamation of the island lagoon, second phase Contact Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my Lead EIA consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA For the proposed upgrading and development of the Regional Port, Kulhudhufushi, Haa Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives Date November 2011 Client Kulhudhufushi Port Limited Location Kulhudhufushi island, Haa Dhaal Atoll Project Component Upgrading of Kulhudhufushi Port Contact Kulhudhufushi Port Limited Nature of my Lead EIA consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA For the proposed development of a mooring area Date November 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Mathikomandoo, Shaviyani Atoll Project Component Development of a mooring area Contact Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my EIA consultant, undertaking marine and island surveys. involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the development and upgrading of harbour Date November 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Mulah, Meemu Atoll Project Component Redevelopment of Mulah harbour Contact Person Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my Assistant EIA consultant including undertaking bathymetry surveys and involvements marine assessments.

Name of the EIA EIA for the development of road Date August 2011 Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 17

Client Southern utilities Location Hithadhoo island, Addu Atoll Project Component Development of a new roads for SAARC summit Contact Person Mr. Zareer, Southern Utilities Nature of my Assessment of vegetation clearing and undertaking vegetation surveys, involvements undertaking marine surveys in areas of the lagoon where sediment was borrowed to level the roads. Also extensive mapping was undertaken in the project site to determine the boundary and extent.

Name of the EIA EIA for the For the proposed development of a Marina at Hulhumale lagoon, North Male’ Atoll, Maldives

Date July 2011 Client Housing Development Cooperation (HDC) Location Hulhumale, North Male’ Atoll Project Component Development of a marina Contact HDC Nature of my Lead EIA consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA addendnum for For the Proposed Airport Development in Dharavandhoo, Baa Atoll

Date June 2011 Client Coastline Hotels and Resorts Location Dharavandhoo island, Baa Atoll Project Component Change in reclamation concept Contact Person Mr. Gahthan Haleem Nature of my Lead consultant for the project including mapping and undertaking marine involvements assessments for the report.

Name of the EIA EIA of Harbor Rehabilitation in Biledhoo, Faafu Atoll, Date May 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location F. Biledhoo Project Component Rehabilitation of the Harbour at F. Biledhoo Contact Number Shaana Farooq, Project Coordinator at Ministry of Housing and Environment, Director, 3004300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant, Environment consultant for the coastal component of involvements the project

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed concept change in Vagaru, Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives

Date March 2011 Client Vagaru holdings Pvt.Ltd Location Sh. Vagaru Project Component Resort development at Sh. Vagaru Contact Number Dilip Kumar, Finance Controller- Projects, 333 9992 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the environmental involvements infrastructure component of the EIA

Name of the EIA INITAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION For the proposed convention centre at Hithadhoo Date January 2011 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Hithadhoo, Addu City Project Component Development of the convention centre at Hithadhoo for the SAARC Summit

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 18

Contact Number Shaana Farooq, Project Coordinator at Ministry of Housing and Environment, Director, 3004300 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the environmental involvements infrastructure component of the EIA

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed coastal protection of Summer island (Ziyaaraifushi island), North Male’ Atoll, Maldives Date January 2011 Client Kaimoo Hotels and Travel Services

Location K. Ziyaaraifushi island Project Component Coastal Protection Contact Number Aboobakuru Yoosuf, Operations Manager, 332 2212 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the Coastal involvements Component

Name of the EIA SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT for the Expansion and Modernization of Malé International Airport

Date November 2010 Client GMR Malé International Airport Private Limited Location Malé International Airport, Hulhule Project Component Expansion and Modernization of Malé International Airport Contact Number P. Sripathy, Managing Director +918040432000 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant, Environment consultant for the coastal component of involvements the project

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed Upgrade and Redevelopment in Thudufushi Resort, South Ari Atoll, Maldives Date June 2010 Client Voyages Maldives Location ADh. Thudhufushi Project Component Resort development Contact Number Mohamed Shafeegu, Director, 7784933 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant, Environment consultant for the coastal component of involvements the project

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT For the Proposed 1000 houses in Hulhumale, Maldives Date May 2010 Client Ministry of Housing and Environment Location Hulhumale, Project Component Housing Contact Number Ahmed Saleem, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Environment Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA for the redevelopment of Moofushi resort Date June 2009 Client Constance Hotels and Resorts, Mauritius Location Moofushi island resort, Alif Dhaal Atoll Project Component Redevelopment of Moofushi resort Contact Number Constance Hotels and Resorts

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 19

Nature of my EIA consultant for the project including helping clients develop the project involvements concept including guiding the architects in locating of new structures, jetties.

Name of the EIA EIA for the proposed water bottling plant at Hulhumalé Industrial Area Date May 2009 Client Handy Industries Pvt Ltd Location Hulhumalé Project Component Water bottling plant at Hulhumalé Industrial Area Contact Number Hassan Saeed, Project Manger, Director, 7774888 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the environmental involvements infrastructure component of the EIA

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the proposed Upgrade and Redevelopment in Athuruga resort, South Ari Atoll, Maldives

Date May 2009 Client Voyages Maldives Location Athuruga Island Resort Project Component Upgrade and Redevelopment in Athuruga resort Contact Number Mohamed Shafeegu, Director, 7784933 Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the coastal component involvements of the poject

Name of the EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the the Development of a Boat Yard and Slipway at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll, Maldives Date April 2009 Client Veyla Travels and Tours Pvt. Ltd Location Kaashidhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll Project Component Development of a boat yard Contact Veyla Travels and Tours Pvt. Ltd Nature of my Lead EIA Consultant and Environment consultant for the coastal component involvements of the project

Name of the EIA INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION for the proposed construction of a jetty joining Thulusdhoo and Thulusdhoo - Huraagandu, Kaafu Atoll, Maldives

Date February 2009 Client Thulusdhoo Island council Location Thulusdhoo Project Component Construction of a jetty Contact Number Mohamed, 645553 Nature of my EIA Consultant involvements

Name of the EIA EIA For the proposed modification for the original development concept in Hadahaa island, Gaafu Alif Atoll, Maldives

Date May 2009 Client Driftwood Maldives Location Hadaha, Gaa Alif Atoll Project Component Concept change for the originally developed concept. Contact Driftwood Maldives Nature of my Lead EIA consultant for the project. involvements

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 20

Social and Environmental Impact Assessment for the setup of a drinking water supply network in Thinadhoo, Gaafu Dhaal atoll, Maldives; September 2008 Lead EIA consultant for data collection and report writing.

Environmental Impact assessment for the redevelopment of Bolifushi resort, South Male’ Atoll; August 2008 EIA consultant for data collection and Marine environmental surveys and preparation of marine survey findings.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the Proposed Refurbishment of Adaaran Club Rannaalhi, South Male’ Atoll, Maldives; April 2008. Lead EIA consultant for data collection and report writing

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT for the Restoration of Beach at Royal Island Resort and Spa, March 2008 Lead EIA consultant for data collection and report writing

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the Proposed Redevelopment of Vaadhoo Island resort, South Male’ Atoll, Maldives, March 2008 Lead EIA Consultant for the project.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Hirilandhoo Island, Thaa Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Mathiveri Island, Alif Alif Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Kendhoo Island, Baa Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Makunudhoo Island, Haa Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Ungoofaaru Island, Raa Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the rehabilitation of the harbour in Manadhoo Island, Noonu Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2007) Joint project undertaken with SOGREAH of France. Lead EIA Consultant for data collection of marine and coastal surveys including bathymetric assessment. Assisted project consultant with undertaking socio-economic surveys in the island.

EIA for the redevelopment of Lily Beach Resort, Alifu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives (June 2007) Lead EIA Consultant for data collection including bathymetric surveys and report writing.

Projects, programmes, research or activities participated in or contributed to

Workshop on Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance (April 29 –1st May, 2007, Khulhudhufushi, Haa Dhaal atoll) Managing and leading the workshop. Presentation on water quality monitoring and surveillance, including ground water and rainwater. Teaching community members on how to assess water quality and undertake surveys and do monitoring work.

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 21

Bathymetric Survey of Emboodhoo Finolhu Island (Taj Exotica Resort), South Male’ Atoll, Maldives (April 2007) Detailed bathymetric survey of the island’s northern lagoon using sonar equipment and differential GPS.

Bathymetric Survey of Olhuveli Island, Laamu Atoll, Maldives (30-31 March 2007) Detailed bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon using sonar equipment and differential GPS. Survey also include identifying and mapping coral patches, specific shallow and deep areas and other ecosystems such as sand banks within the lagoon system.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Noonu atoll Kudafaree, Maldives (March 2007) Preparation of the IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Meemu Dhiggaru, Maldives (March 2007) Preparation of the IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Gaafu Dhaal Dhaandhoo, Maldives (March 2007) Data collection for the IEA including noise and particulate matter levels during peak and off peak hours. Preparation of the IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Initial environmental Assessment (IEA) for the proposed electrification project in Laamu Dambidhoo, Maldives (March 2007) Preparation of an IEA for the project that includes assessment of the environmental aspects including noise, air pollution and fuel handling. Final Initial Environmental Assessment Report preparation.

Groundwater assessment of Noonu Atoll Manadhoo, Maldives (Jan 2007) Data collection including assessing groundwater quality and setting baseline parameters for the preparation of an EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in the island.

Groundwater assessment of Raa atoll Ungoofaaru, Maldives (Jan 2007) Data collection including assessing groundwater quality and setting baseline parameters for the preparation of an EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in the island.

EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Daalu atoll Meedhoo, Maldives (Jan 2007) Data collection including assessing groundwater quality and setting baseline parameters. Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Laamu atoll Dambidhoo, Maldives (Dec 2006) Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Naridhoo island, Haa Alif atoll, Maldives (Dec 2006) Assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA.

Shoreline survey of Cocoa Palm island Resort, Maldives (Oct 2006) Mapping the island’s shore line, vegetation line, high tide line, reef line and the extent of erosion. Setting up baseline GIS maps to assess the extent of coastal damage.

Survey of Royal Island Resort and Spa, Baa atoll, Maldives (Oct 2006) Mapping the island’s shore line and setting up baseline GIS maps to assess the extent of coastal damage.

Addendum to EIA for the resort development in Noonu Maavelaavaru, Maldives (Sep 2006) Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the establishment of sewerage system in Vaavu Felidhoo, Maldives (Sep 2006) Preparation of the full EIA report based on field data collected.

EIA for the redevelopment of villivaru resort in Male’ Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2006) Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Mapping the island including, broad bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon and reef extent .

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Medhafushi island, Noonu Atoll, Maldives (Sep 2006) Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 22

Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon using differential GPS and echosounder.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Gaakoshibi island, Maldives (Sep 2006) Assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Vagaru island, Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives (Aug 2006) Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Mapping the island and setting up baseline GIS maps for monitoring purposes. Broad bathymetric survey of the island’s lagoon.

Bathymetric survey of Giraavaru Island resort, Male’ atoll, Maldives (June 2006) Broad bathymetric survey of the islands lagoon system using GPS and ecosounder. Mapping the limits of the reef line.

Mapping and bathymetric survey of Halaveli Island resort, Alif atoll, Maldives (May 2006) Mapping the island including shore and vegetation line and generating maps including the islands existing coastal infrastructure and entrance channel. Broad bathymetric survey of the islands lagoon system using GPS and ecosounder.

Workshop on Drinking Water quality monitoring and surveillance (May 14 - 16, 2006, Meemu atoll) Presentation on water quality monitoring and surveillance, including ground water and rainwater. Teaching community members on how to assess water quality and undertake surveys and do monitoring work. Managing and leading the workshop

Workshop on Drinking Water quality monitoring and surveillance (Jan, 2006, Raa atoll) Presentation on water quality monitoring and surveillance, including ground water and rainwater. Teaching community members on how to assess water quality and undertake surveys and do monitoring work. Managing and leading the workshop

Mapping newly renovated Olhuveli Island resort and spa, South Male’ atoll, Maldives (April 2006) Mapping the island including shore and vegetation line and generating maps including newly reclaimed land mass.

EIA for the establishment of a resort in Seenu Villingilli, Maldives (March 2006) Baseline data collection, assessment and reporting of the groundwater and terrestrial aspects of the EIA. Mapping the island and setting up baseline GIS maps for monitoring purposes.

Mapping and baseline groundwater survey of Kurendhoo Island in Lhaviyani atoll, Maldives (April 2006) Mapping the entire island including shore and vegetation line and setting up GIS base maps for water quality for a sewerage system design.

Erosion study for Royal Island Resort and Spa, Maldives (February 2006) Baseline data collection and assessment of the coastal aspects of the study. Mapping the island’s shore line and setting up baseline GIS maps for monitoring erosion.

EIA for the establishment of Kaafu Maafushi island’s sewerage system, Maldives (November 2005) Baseline data collection and assessment of the groundwater and terrestrial environment.

EIA for the establishment of Kaafu Guraidhoo’s sewerage system, Maldives (November 2005) Baseline data collection and assessment of the groundwater and terrestrial environment .

EIA of Viligilimathidahura reclamation and development, Maldives (October 2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna and socio- economic impacts.

EIA of the Fourth Power Project for STELCO (August 2005) Assessment and reporting of the health impacts of the project.

EIA of Boduhithi Resort redevelopment, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

EIA of Kudahithi Resort redevelopment, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

EIA of Maavelavaru Resort redevelopment, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 23

EIA of Kalhufahalafushi Resort Development, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial and water quality aspects.

EIA of Alidhoo Resort Development, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

EIA of Horizon Fisheries Complex, Laamu Atoll, Maldives(2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the marine and beach water quality, land contamination and coastal aspects.

EIA of Lonudhoohutaa Resort Development, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

Rapid Assessment of groundwater and rainwater in selected islands of Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaal atoll, Maldives (March 2005) Rapid assessment and reporting of the groundwater and rainwater conditions to assess the impact of tsunami in seven islands.

Rapid Assessment of groundwater and rainwater status in selected islands of Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaal atoll, Maldives (March 2005) Rapid assessment and reporting of the groundwater conditions to assess the impact of tsunami in two islands.

Rapid Assessment of groundwater in selected islands of Laamu atoll, Maldives (Jan 2005) Rapid assessment and reporting of the groundwater conditions to assess the impact of tsunami in seven islands

Presentation on Waste management and recycling opportunities in the Maldives (27-29 October 2002). Local Consultant for CDE Pvt Ltd. International Workshop on Environmental Management and Sustainable Tourism 27-29 October, Paradise Island, Maldives. Presentation on Waste management and recycling opportunities in the Maldives given at the workshop held jointly by Villa Hotels and International Finance Cooperation. The aim of the workshop was to adopt Environmental Management Systems at Villa Hotels.

Publicity campaign for the First Regional Development Project, Maldives (March 29 - 30, 2002). Local Consultant for Business and Financial Services (BFS) Pvt Ltd. Presentation on water resource management, especially on protecting ground water and application of various methods to protect groundwater pollution, Waste management with special emphasis on the first regional development project in the Maldives and environmental protection, especially wetlands and their relationship to groundwater.

Workshop on Drinking Water safety and sanitation (Jan 14 - 18, 2002) Presentation on water resource management, especially on protecting ground water and application of various methods to protect groundwater pollution. Workshop held to provide information to the community and school children at A.dh Dhangethi island, Dhaal Ribudoo Island, Meemu Muli and Vaavu Island, Maldives

Workshop on Water and Sanitation (Jan 5 - 7, 2002) Presentation on Environmental protection given at the Workshop held to provide information to leaders of islands, teachers, health workers in Ari Atoll, Maldives A.dh , Maldives

Comparative Study on Indoor Air pollution (Nov 28-Dec 2, 2001) Assessment of the status of Indoor air pollution in Addu Atoll, Maldives to compare data with Male’, conducted by Ministry of Health, Maldives

Joint ground water research of Maamigili island, Maldives (October 20, 2001) Ground water quality assessment survey of the island of Maamigilli island in Ari Atoll, Maldives conducted by MWSA, Maldives.

Joint ground water research of Fuvah Mulaku Island, Maldives (November 2000) Ground water quality assessment survey of the Island of Fuvah Mulah, Maldives Conducted as part of the V & A assessment study by Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment.

Joint ground water research survey of Bodu Rehaa island, Maldives (November 2000) Ground water quality assessment survey of the Island of Bodu Rehaa, Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. Conducted as part of the V & A assessment study Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment.

Joint ground water research survey of Island, Maldives (November 2000)

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 24

Ground water quality assessment survey of the Island of Hithaadhoo Island in Baa Atoll, Maldives. Conducted as part of the V & A assessment research. Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment.

Employment

Director (June 2005 to present) Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, An Environmental Consultancy firm

Research Student (July 2007 to 2009) Lanka Hydraulics Institute undertaking part time research in Maldives as part of a PhD research programme.

Senior Environmental Analyst (18 September 2005 – 22 July 2007) Maldives Water and sanitation Authority, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (4 Jan 2005 – 18 September 2005) Maldives Water and sanitation Authority, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (Sep 2001 – 24 Feb 2003) Maldives Water and sanitation Authority, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (Aug 2000 – Sep 2001) Health Education Unit, Ministry of Health, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (Dec 1999 – Aug 2000) Environmental Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Republic of Maldives

General Secretary (December 1999 – August 2001) Tennis Association of Maldives, Male’, Republic of Maldives

Secretary (Jan 1993 - Feb 1996) Planning and Coordination Section, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Maldives

Secretary (1992- December 1995) Soft Tennis Association of Maldives, Male, Maldives

Public Health Officer (May 1993 - Dec 1993) Food Safety and Epidemic Control Section, Department of Public Health, Republic of Maldives

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 25

Achievements

NZAID Scholarship, 2003 Awarded a New Zealand Government Scholarship (NZAID) to undertake a Masters programme in Public Health at University of Auckland (2003-2004).

Third place in the photography division (April 2005) Exhibition organized by WHO and Ministry of Health on the occasion of World Health Day

Third Place in the Photography Division (October 2001) First Youth Exhibition, Male’, Maldives Organized by the Youth Center, Ministry of Youth and Sports, Male’, Maldives

Kodak KPAN Black and White Photographer of the year (Jan 1996) Organized by KODAK, 1995, Republic of Maldives

2nd place, in the Advance and Technical Photography Exhibition (October 1995) Ministry of Youth, Women’s Affairs and Sports, Male’, Maldives

3rd place, in the Advance and October 1995 Technical Photography Exhibition, Ministry of Youth, Women’s Affairs and Sports

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 26

Participation in seminars, conferences, workshops, short courses and training

Biennial conference and Exhibition of Water Institute of South Africa (WISA) 21-25 May 2006, Durban, South Africa

12th International Rainwater Catchment Systems Conference 15-18 November 2005, New Delhi, India. Presented a Paper of issues of rainwater harvesting in Maldives.

ISO 14000 Advance Training on Environmental Management Systems Auditing 13-18 June 2005, New Delhi, India

Asia Pacific Regional Consultation on water and poverty 22 – 26 September 2002, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Seminar on Forward Thinking Policies of Groundwater Management; Energy, Water Resources and Economic Approaches 2 – 6 September 2002; New Delhi, India

International Training course on “Environmental Sanitation – Solutions and Management” 2 – 12 July 2002, Trivandrum, India

Workshop on Concept and Application of IUCN categories to Protected Areas Nasandhura Palace Hotel, Male’, Maldives, (Nov 7-8, 2001)

Workshop on Facilitation skills 14-18 October 2001, UNICEF/MWSA, Male’, Maldives

Congress of the Asian Soft Tennis Federation, Saga City, Japan, October 2000

Training Workshop on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Male’, Maldives, August 2000

Training Workshop on Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment Bandos Island Resort, April 2000

First Sports Medicine Workshop Ministry of Youth, Women’s Affairs and Sports, 11 March 1995, Male’, Maldives

Workshop on Techniques of Script – Writing for Educational Radio Programmes UNICEF and Department of Public Health, 10th –14 July 1993, Male’, Maldives

Workshop on Production of Health Educational Materials on Family Planning & AIDS Department of Public Health, 29th April 1993, Male’, Maldives

International Coaches Programme, International Tennis Federation, 16th December 1990, Male’, Maldives

Computer and IT Experience

2006 Designing and maintenance of “Budget Maldives” web site.

www.budgetmaldives.com

2005 Designing and maintenance of “Water Solutions” web site.

www.water-solutions.biz

2003 Designing and maintenance of “Photography of Amu” web site.

www.amooo.com Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 27

2003 Designing and development of the Website for Ranveli Resort and Spa in the Maldives. Website for Shaviyani Atoll www.ranveli.com.mv

2003 Designing and maintenance of the first Website for an atoll in the Maldives. Website for Shaviyani Atoll www.shaviyani.gov.mv

2002 Development of an incident database for Department of Civil Aviation, Maldives Jointly developed with Ahmed Zahid.

2002 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Maldives Surfing Association www.maldivesurf.org.mv

2002 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Hulhumale Development Unit (currently restricted) www.hdu.gov.mv

2002 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Web Foundation. www.web.org.mv

2000-2001 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Tennis Association of Maldives

2000-2001 Designing and programming of the first interactive CD-ROM on Male’, Republic of Maldives (samples available upon request)

2003 Designing and programming of the first interactive CD-ROM on Surfing in Male’, Maldives (samples available upon request)

Other professional work and experience

Organizational skills

2000 Experience in organizing and managing 3 national level tennis tournaments in the year 2000 in Maldives.

Photography

2001 Photography assignment for UNICEF Maldives to photograph the available fruits and vegetables in the Addo atoll region of Maldives.

Most of the photography work for the year 2000 diary published by Libaas Pvt Ltd.on Maldivian handicrafts

Most of the photography work for the year 2001 diary published by Libaas Pvt Ltd, Maldives on Historical mosques

Various government photography project experiences

Various other private photography project experiences.

Script writing

2002 Writing video documentary script on Cervical Cancer for a 15 minute educational video Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 28

Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Oral Cancer for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on TB for a 15 minute educational video Client: Chest Clinic Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Kidney Failure for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Sexually Transmitted Diseases for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Mental Health for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Pap Smear for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Hand Foot and Mouth Disease for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Food Safety for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Environmental Health for a 15 minute educational video Client: Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

Video and Film making

2001 One hour film on the first body boarding championship “National Varunulaa Challenge” held in Male’, August 2001. Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 29

Miscellaneous

November 2000 Manager Maldives Soft Tennis Team participating in the 4th Asian Soft Tennis Championship (Maldives won the 3rd place in the team consolation event) 1-5 November 2000 Saga City, Japan

May 2000 Manager Maldives Tennis Team participating in the Sri Lankan National Junior Hard Court Tennis Championship Colombo, Sri Lanka

January 2000 Manager Maldives Junior Tennis Team participating in the ITF under 18 Junior Ranking Tournament Colombo, Sri Lanka

October 1995 Manager Maldives Soft Tennis Team participating in the 10th World Soft Tennis Championship (Maldives was the champion in the team consolation event) Gifu City, Japan

October 1992 Player / Manager The 2nd Asian Soft Tennis Championship Oct 21-24 Jakarta,

Referees

Mr.Brent Powis Director WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Sydney, Australia

Tel: 02 4570 1660 Fax: 02 4570 1660 Email: [email protected]

Mr. Navi Litidamu Lecturer and Department Head Department of Environmental Health Fiji School of Medicine Suva, Fiji

Mr. Ahmed Zahid Consultant, Environment Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd Male’ Maldives

Signed: ______Date: ______Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 30

EIA of Kalhufahalafushi Resort Development, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial and water quality aspects.

EIA of Alidhoo Resort Development, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

EIA of Horizon Fisheries Complex, Laamu Atoll, Maldives(2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the marine and beach water quality, land contamination and coastal aspects.

EIA of Lonudhoohutaa Resort Development, Maldives (2005) Surveying, assessment and reporting of the terrestrial aspects, including groundwater, flora and fauna.

Rapid Assessment of groundwater and rainwater in selected islands of Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaal atoll, Maldives (March 2005) Rapid assessment and reporting of the groundwater and rainwater conditions to assess the impact of tsunami in seven islands.

Rapid Assessment of groundwater and rainwater status in selected islands of Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaal atoll, Maldives (March 2005) Rapid assessment and reporting of the groundwater conditions to assess the impact of tsunami in two islands.

Rapid Assessment of groundwater in selected islands of Laamu atoll, Maldives (Jan 2005) Rapid assessment and reporting of the groundwater conditions to assess the impact of tsunami in seven islands

Presentation on Waste management and recycling opportunities in the Maldives (27-29 October 2002). Local Consultant for CDE Pvt Ltd. International Workshop on Environmental Management and Sustainable Tourism 27-29 October, Paradise Island, Maldives. Presentation on Waste management and recycling opportunities in the Maldives given at the workshop held jointly by Villa Hotels and International Finance Cooperation. The aim of the workshop was to adopt Environmental Management Systems at Villa Hotels.

Publicity campaign for the First Regional Development Project, Maldives (March 29 - 30, 2002). Local Consultant for Business and Financial Services (BFS) Pvt Ltd. Presentation on water resource management, especially on protecting ground water and application of various methods to protect groundwater pollution, Waste management with special emphasis on the first regional development project in the Maldives and environmental protection, especially wetlands and their relationship to groundwater.

Workshop on Drinking Water safety and sanitation (Jan 14 - 18, 2002) Presentation on water resource management, especially on protecting ground water and application of various methods to protect groundwater pollution. Workshop held to provide information to the community and school children at A.dh Dhangethi island, Dhaal Ribudoo Island, Meemu Muli and Vaavu Keyodhoo Island, Maldives

Workshop on Water and Sanitation (Jan 5 - 7, 2002) Presentation on Environmental protection given at the Workshop held to provide information to leaders of islands, teachers, health workers in Ari Atoll, Maldives A.dh Mahibadhoo, Maldives

Comparative Study on Indoor Air pollution (Nov 28-Dec 2, 2001) Assessment of the status of Indoor air pollution in Addu Atoll, Maldives to compare data with Male’, conducted by Ministry of Health, Maldives

Joint ground water research of Maamigili island, Maldives (October 20, 2001) Ground water quality assessment survey of the island of Maamigilli island in Ari Atoll, Maldives conducted by MWSA, Maldives.

Joint ground water research of Fuvah Mulaku Island, Maldives (November 2000) Ground water quality assessment survey of the Island of Fuvah Mulah, Maldives Conducted as part of the V & A assessment study by Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment.

Joint ground water research survey of Bodu Rehaa island, Maldives (November 2000) Ground water quality assessment survey of the Island of Bodu Rehaa, Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. Conducted as part of the V & A assessment study Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment.

Joint ground water research survey of Hithaadhoo Island, Maldives (November 2000)

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 24

Ground water quality assessment survey of the Island of Hithaadhoo Island in Baa Atoll, Maldives. Conducted as part of the V & A assessment research. Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment.

Employment

Director (June 2005 to present) Water Solutions Pvt.Ltd, An Environmental Consultancy firm

Research Student (July 2007 to 2009) Lanka Hydraulics Institute undertaking part time research in Maldives as part of a PhD research programme.

Senior Environmental Analyst (18 September 2005 – 22 July 2007) Maldives Water and sanitation Authority, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (4 Jan 2005 – 18 September 2005) Maldives Water and sanitation Authority, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (Sep 2001 – 24 Feb 2003) Maldives Water and sanitation Authority, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (Aug 2000 – Sep 2001) Health Education Unit, Ministry of Health, Republic of Maldives

Project Officer (Dec 1999 – Aug 2000) Environmental Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Republic of Maldives

General Secretary (December 1999 – August 2001) Tennis Association of Maldives, Male’, Republic of Maldives

Secretary (Jan 1993 - Feb 1996) Planning and Coordination Section, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Maldives

Secretary (1992- December 1995) Soft Tennis Association of Maldives, Male, Maldives

Public Health Officer (May 1993 - Dec 1993) Food Safety and Epidemic Control Section, Department of Public Health, Republic of Maldives

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 25

Achievements

NZAID Scholarship, 2003 Awarded a New Zealand Government Scholarship (NZAID) to undertake a Masters programme in Public Health at University of Auckland (2003-2004).

Third place in the photography division (April 2005) Exhibition organized by WHO and Ministry of Health on the occasion of World Health Day

Third Place in the Photography Division (October 2001) First Youth Exhibition, Male’, Maldives Organized by the Youth Center, Ministry of Youth and Sports, Male’, Maldives

Kodak KPAN Black and White Photographer of the year (Jan 1996) Organized by KODAK, 1995, Republic of Maldives

2nd place, in the Advance and Technical Photography Exhibition (October 1995) Ministry of Youth, Women’s Affairs and Sports, Male’, Maldives

3rd place, in the Advance and October 1995 Technical Photography Exhibition, Ministry of Youth, Women’s Affairs and Sports

Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 26

Participation in seminars, conferences, workshops, short courses and training

Biennial conference and Exhibition of Water Institute of South Africa (WISA) 21-25 May 2006, Durban, South Africa

12th International Rainwater Catchment Systems Conference 15-18 November 2005, New Delhi, India. Presented a Paper of issues of rainwater harvesting in Maldives.

ISO 14000 Advance Training on Environmental Management Systems Auditing 13-18 June 2005, New Delhi, India

Asia Pacific Regional Consultation on water and poverty 22 – 26 September 2002, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Seminar on Forward Thinking Policies of Groundwater Management; Energy, Water Resources and Economic Approaches 2 – 6 September 2002; New Delhi, India

International Training course on “Environmental Sanitation – Solutions and Management” 2 – 12 July 2002, Trivandrum, India

Workshop on Concept and Application of IUCN categories to Protected Areas Nasandhura Palace Hotel, Male’, Maldives, (Nov 7-8, 2001)

Workshop on Facilitation skills 14-18 October 2001, UNICEF/MWSA, Male’, Maldives

Congress of the Asian Soft Tennis Federation, Saga City, Japan, October 2000

Training Workshop on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Male’, Maldives, August 2000

Training Workshop on Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment Bandos Island Resort, April 2000

First Sports Medicine Workshop Ministry of Youth, Women’s Affairs and Sports, 11 March 1995, Male’, Maldives

Workshop on Techniques of Script – Writing for Educational Radio Programmes UNICEF and Department of Public Health, 10th –14 July 1993, Male’, Maldives

Workshop on Production of Health Educational Materials on Family Planning & AIDS Department of Public Health, 29th April 1993, Male’, Maldives

International Coaches Programme, International Tennis Federation, 16th December 1990, Male’, Maldives

Computer and IT Experience

2006 Designing and maintenance of “Budget Maldives” web site.

www.budgetmaldives.com

2005 Designing and maintenance of “Water Solutions” web site.

www.water-solutions.biz

2003 Designing and maintenance of “Photography of Amu” web site.

www.amooo.com Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 27

2003 Designing and development of the Website for Ranveli Resort and Spa in the Maldives. Website for Shaviyani Atoll www.ranveli.com.mv

2003 Designing and maintenance of the first Website for an atoll in the Maldives. Website for Shaviyani Atoll www.shaviyani.gov.mv

2002 Development of an incident database for Department of Civil Aviation, Maldives Jointly developed with Ahmed Zahid.

2002 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Maldives Surfing Association www.maldivesurf.org.mv

2002 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Hulhumale Development Unit (currently restricted) www.hdu.gov.mv

2002 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Web Foundation. www.web.org.mv

2000-2001 Designing and maintenance of the Website of Tennis Association of Maldives

2000-2001 Designing and programming of the first interactive CD-ROM on Male’, Republic of Maldives (samples available upon request)

2003 Designing and programming of the first interactive CD-ROM on Surfing in Male’, Maldives (samples available upon request)

Other professional work and experience

Organizational skills

2000 Experience in organizing and managing 3 national level tennis tournaments in the year 2000 in Maldives.

Photography

2001 Photography assignment for UNICEF Maldives to photograph the available fruits and vegetables in the Addo atoll region of Maldives.

Most of the photography work for the year 2000 diary published by Libaas Pvt Ltd.on Maldivian handicrafts

Most of the photography work for the year 2001 diary published by Libaas Pvt Ltd, Maldives on Historical mosques

Various government photography project experiences

Various other private photography project experiences.

Script writing

2002 Writing video documentary script on Cervical Cancer for a 15 minute educational video Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 28

Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Oral Cancer for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on TB for a 15 minute educational video Client: Chest Clinic Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Kidney Failure for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Sexually Transmitted Diseases for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Mental Health for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Pap Smear for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Hand Foot and Mouth Disease for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Food Safety for a 15 minute educational video Client: Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital/Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

2002 Writing video documentary script on Environmental Health for a 15 minute educational video Client: Ministry of Health Sub contracted by Image Village Male’, Maldives

Video and Film making

2001 One hour film on the first body boarding championship “National Varunulaa Challenge” held in Male’, August 2001. Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 29

Miscellaneous

November 2000 Manager Maldives Soft Tennis Team participating in the 4th Asian Soft Tennis Championship (Maldives won the 3rd place in the team consolation event) 1-5 November 2000 Saga City, Japan

May 2000 Manager Maldives Tennis Team participating in the Sri Lankan National Junior Hard Court Tennis Championship Colombo, Sri Lanka

January 2000 Manager Maldives Junior Tennis Team participating in the ITF under 18 Junior Ranking Tournament Colombo, Sri Lanka

October 1995 Manager Maldives Soft Tennis Team participating in the 10th World Soft Tennis Championship (Maldives was the champion in the team consolation event) Gifu City, Japan

October 1992 Player / Manager The 2nd Asian Soft Tennis Championship Oct 21-24 Jakarta, Indonesia

Referees

Mr.Brent Powis Director WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Sydney, Australia

Tel: 02 4570 1660 Fax: 02 4570 1660 Email: [email protected]

Mr. Navi Litidamu Lecturer and Department Head Department of Environmental Health Fiji School of Medicine Suva, Fiji

Mr. Ahmed Zahid Consultant, Environment Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd Male’ Maldives

Signed: ______Date: ______Resume of Abdul Aleem, Updated on 18 March 2018 30

Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

20 Annex E: Documents from Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture

73

Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

21 Annex F: Attendance of Stake holder meetings

74

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Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

22 Annex G: Water Quality Test Results

75

Environmental Impact Assessment of The Development Of An Agricultural Center At Mendhoo, Laamu Atoll

23 Annex H: Letter from the Laamu Atoll Council

76