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RUSSISKE MYNTER / ruSSIAN COINS Russiske mynter Russian coins 1021-1024 RUSSISKE MYNTER / ruSSIAN COINS RUSSISKE myntER/RUSSIAn coINS PETER I 1689-1725 1021 Rubel 1704. Red Mint Bitkin 797 1+ 30 000 Peter the Great (ruled 1682–1725) and the first decimal coinage The reign of Peter I (the Great) is generally regarded as a watershed in Russian history, noted for a programme of extensive military, civil and social reforms that transformed Russia from an isolated agricultural society into a major European power. Early in his career, Peter toured Europe (sometimes in disguise) and educated himself in Western culture and science, as well as naval and military techniques. On his return to Russia he set about ‘modernizing’ or ‘westernizing’ the country, as well as extending its boundaries through a number of military campaigns. In 1703, during the Great Northern War with Sweden, Peter captured land on the Baltic Sea, where he founded his new capital, St Petersburg. This modern city, built in Western style, was intended to become the centre of new Russia just as Moscow had been the centre of old. The monetary system of Russia also changed dramatically as part of Peter the Great’s extensive reforms. In 1700 the czar decreed a decimal coinage system for Russia – the first in history – with 100 kopeks equal to one rouble. The first (copper) kopek and (silver) rouble coins under the new system appeared in 1704. As well as introducing a decimal coinage, Peter I also banned the use of foreign coins in Russia. Moreover, in order to ensure a standard size and weight for the new Russian coins, the czar ordered that coins should no longer be minted by hand, but should be machine-struck. To this end, a new mint was constructed in Moscow in 1711. In 1719 the mint organization and machinery were transferred to Peter’s new capital in St Petersburg. 1022 1023 1022 Rubel 1705. Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin 177 1+/01 20 000 1023 Rubel 1705. Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin 177 1+ 15 000 1024 Rubel 1707. Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin 184 01 50 000 134 OSLO MYNTHANDEL AUKSJON NR. 64 RUSSISKE MYNTER / ruSSIAN COINS 1025-1033 1025 Rubel 1707. Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin 184 1+ 22 000 1026 1027 1026 Rubel 1712. Red Mint Bitkin 808 1/1+ 10 000 1027 Poltina 1704. Red Mint Bitkin 996 1+ 5 000 1028 1029 1028 Poltina 1705. Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin 559 1/1+ 9 000 1029 Poltina 1707. Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin 571 1+ 6 000 1030 1031 1030 Poltina 1710. Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin 577 1+ 7 000 1031 Poltina 1719. Red Mint Bitkin 1026 1/1+ 3 000 1032 Polupoltinikk 1705. Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin 722 1+ 9 000 1033 Kopek 1705. Moskva Brekke 166 1/1+ 200 OSLO MYNTHANDEL AUKSJON NR. 64 135 1034-1042 RUSSISKE MYNTER / ruSSIAN COINS 1034 1038 1039 1034 Kopek 1712. Moskva Brekke 220 1+ 700 1035 Kopek 1714. Moskva Brekke 235 1/1+ 250 1036 Kopek 1715. Moskva Brekke 237 var. 1 150 1037 Kopek 1715. Moskva Brekke 238 1/1+ 250 1038 Denga 1712. Moskva Brekke 145 1+ 200 1039 Polushka 1704. Moskva Brekke 19 1 500 CATHARINA I 1725-1727 1040 Rubel 1725. St.Petersburg Mint (“Sørge-rubel/Mourning rouble”) Bitkin 69 1+ 60 000 Catherine I (ruled 1725–1727), ‘mourning rouble’ Catherine I (ruled 1725–1727) was the first woman to rule Imperial Russia, and opened the way for a century almost entirely dominated by female rulers: Anna Ivanovna (ruled 1730–1740), Elizabeth Petrovna (ruled 1741–1761) and Catherine the Great (ruled 1762–1796). A peasant woman of Baltic origin, in 1702 Martha Skavronskaya (the future Catherine I) was captured by Russian forces and became the mistress of the Russian soldier and administrator Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov. It was through Menshikov that Martha came into contact with Tzar Peter the Great, who subsequently took her as his own mistress. After her conversion from theL utheran to the Orthodox Church (at which point she changed her name from Martha to Catherine), she married Peter I (the Great] in 1712. Just over a decade later (in May 1724) a lavish ceremony was held in the Moscow Kremlin where Catherine I was crowned empress-consort. When Peter I died in 1725 without naming a successor, Menshikov and the imperial guards raised Catherine I to the throne. Although Catherine only served as Empress of Russia for two years (before her own death in 1727), during this period she issued several types of rouble coin. The rouble of 1725 in which the empress is shown in common clothes, without the usual regalia, is colloquially known as the ‘mourning rouble’. This coin is said to have been struck just after the death of Peter the Great, and Catherine I is portrayed in uncharacteristically plain attire as a sign of mourning. 1041 1042 1041 Rubel 1726. Red Mint Bitkin 45 01 15 000 1042 Rubel 1727. Red Mint Bitkin 48 1+/01 7 000 136 OSLO MYNTHANDEL AUKSJON NR. 64 RUSSISKE MYNTER / ruSSIAN COINS 1043-1048 1043 5 kopek 1727. Moskva Brekke 24 1/1+ 350 PETER II 1727-1730 1044 Rubel 1729. Kadashevsky Mint. Svake riper/slight scratches Bitkin 117 01 3 000 ANNA 1730-1740 1045 1046 1045 Rubel 1737. Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin 133 1+/01 2 500 1046 Rubel 1737. Red Mint Bitkin 200 1+ 1 200 1047 1048 1047 Denga 1731 Brekke 18 1+ 450 1048 Polushka 1731. Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek PeterII Brekke 5 1+ 150 OSLO MYNTHANDEL AUKSJON NR. 64 137 1049-1052 RUSSISKE MYNTER / ruSSIAN COINS IVAN III 1740-1741 1049 Rubel 1741. Red Mint Bitkin 2 1+ 50 000 1050 Rubel 1741. St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin 22 0/01 75 000 1051 Rubel 1741. St.Petersburg Mint. Ripe på advers/scratch on obverse Bitkin 32 1/1+ 20 000 ELIZABETH 1741-1761 1052 Rubel 1741. St.Petersburg Mint. R. Bitkin 236 1+ 60 000 138 OSLO MYNTHANDEL AUKSJON NR. 64 RUSSISKE MYNTER / ruSSIAN COINS 1053-1060 1053 1054 1053 Rubel 1746. St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin 261 1+/01 1 500 1054 Rubel 1756. St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin 277 01 5 000 1055 1056 1055 Rubel 1757. St.Petersburg Mint. Dassier type. R. Bitkin 282 1+ 50 000 1056 Rubel 1757. St.Petersburg Mint. Dassier type. R. Bitkin 282 1/1+ 30 000 1057 1058 1057 Rubel 1758. St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin 288 01 7 000 1058 Rubel 1760. St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin 291 01 9 000 1059 1060 1059 Poltina 1745. Red Mint Bitkin 148 1+ 5 000 1060 Livonia-Estonia, 96 kopek 1757. Red Mint Bitkin 627 1+/01 30 000 OSLO MYNTHANDEL AUKSJON NR. 64 139 1061-1076 RUSSISKE MYNTER / ruSSIAN COINS 1061 1062 1061 5 kopek 1762 Brekke 130 1+ 375 1062 2 kopek 1757. Overpreget på/overstruck on 5 kopek 1730 Brekke 91 1 200 1063 1067 1063 2 kopek 1757. Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek 1756 Brekke 91 1/1+ 300 1064 2 kopek 1757. Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek 1756 Brekke 91 1 200 1065 2 kopek 1757. Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek Brekke 91 1 175 1066 2 kopek 1757. Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek Brekke 91 1 175 1067 2 kopek 1758. Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek 1756 Brekke 97 1 200 1068 1070 1068 2 kopek 1758. Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek 1755 Brekke 98 1 800 1069 2 kopek 1758. Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek Brekke 98 1 150 1070 2 kopek 1759. Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek 1756 Brekke 102 1 200 1071 2 kopek (1757-1762). Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek 1756 1 150 1072 Denga 1746. Skjevt preget/struck off center Brekke 22 1+ 250 1073 Denga 1748 Brekke 24 1+ 250 1074 Denga 1750. Overpreget/overstruck Brekke 28 1+ 150 1075 Denga 1750. Kantskade/edge crack (glatt rand/smooth edge) Brekke 28 1+ 150 1076 Denga 1757/37 1 150 140 OSLO MYNTHANDEL AUKSJON NR. 64 RUSSISKE MYNTER / ruSSIAN COINS 1077-1084 PETER III 1762 1077 1078 1077 Rubel 1762. Red Mint Bitkin 9 1+/01 12 000 1078 Rubel 1762. St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin 12 1/1+ 3 000 1079 1080 1079 Poltina 1762. Red Mint Bitkin 10 1+ 7 000 1080 Poltina 1762. St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin 13 1+ 4 000 1081 Holstein-Gottorp, albertustaler 1753. Mannheim Bitkin 61 1+ 20 000 CATHARINA II 1762-1796 1082 1083 1082 Rubel 1769. St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin 206 1+ 800 1083 5 kopek 1763. MM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 5 kopek og 10 kopek 1762 Brekke 197 1+ 250 1084 5 kopek 1763. MM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 5 kopek Elizabeth Brekke 197 1+ 200 OSLO MYNTHANDEL AUKSJON NR. 64 141 1085-1097 RUSSISKE MYNTER / ruSSIAN COINS 1085 5 kopek 1763. CPM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 5 kopek Elizabeth Brekke 199 1+ 250 1086 5 kopek 1764. EM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 10 kopek 1762 Brekke 200 1/1+ 450 1087 5 kopek 1769. EM Brekke 226 1+ 250 1088 5 kopek 1782. KM Brekke 247 1+ 200 1089 5 kopek 1784. EM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 5 kopek Brekke 252 1+ 250 1090 5 kopek 1790. EM. Glatt rand/smooth edge Brekke 283 1 250 1091 2 kopek 1764. EM Brekke 142 1/1+ 400 1092 1094 1092 2 kopek 1766. EM Brekke 152 1+ 1 200 1093 2 kopek 1766. (C)PM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 4 kopek 1762 Brekke 154 1+ 250 1094 2 kopek 1766. CPM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 4 kopek 1762 Brekke 154 1/1+ 250 1095 1097 1095 2 kopek 1773. EM Brekke 165 1 450 1096 2 kopek 1778.
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    Cahiers du monde russe Russie - Empire russe - Union soviétique et États indépendants 57/4 | 2016 Varia Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/9982 DOI : 10.4000/monderusse.9982 ISSN : 1777-5388 Éditeur Éditions de l’EHESS Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 octobre 2016 ISBN : 978-2-7132-2542-0 ISSN : 1252-6576 Référence électronique Cahiers du monde russe, 57/4 | 2016 [En ligne], mis en ligne le 01 octobre 2018, Consulté le 23 septembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/9982 ; DOI : https://doi.org/ 10.4000/monderusse.9982 © École des hautes études en sciences sociales Revue publiée avec le concours du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Cahiers du MONDE RUSSE Russie Empire russe Union soviétique États indépendants 57/4, Octobre‑décembre 2016 É DITIONS DE L ’É COLE DES H AUTES É TUDES EN S CIENCES S OCIALES Cahiers du MONDE RUSSE Revue trimestrielle publiée par le Centre d’études des mondes russe, caucasien et centre-européen et par le Centre d’histoire du domaine turc de l’EHESS directeur de la publication : Pierre-Cyrille Hautcœur Conseil scientifique international Michel AUCOUTURIER (Paris IV), Alain BESANÇON (Ehess), Paul BUSHKOVITCH (Yale), Marco BUTTINO (Turin), Sarah DAVIES (Durham, GB), Peter HOLQUIST (Penn, USA), Oleg HLEVNJIUK (Moscou), Jean-Claude LANNE (Lyon III), Chantal LEMERCIER-QUELQUEJAY (Ehess), Terry MARTIN (Harvard), Alberto MASOERO (Venise), Georges NIVAT (Genève), Stefan PLAGGENBORG (Bochum), David SHEARER (Newark), Richard WORTMAN (Columbia), Andrej