ECOLOGIA POPULACIONAL DE Taygetis Ypthima Hübner, [1821] (NYMPHALIDAE)

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ECOLOGIA POPULACIONAL DE Taygetis Ypthima Hübner, [1821] (NYMPHALIDAE) VANESSA SCHAEFFER PEDROTTI ECOLOGIA POPULACIONAL DE Taygetis ypthima Hübner, [1821] (NYMPHALIDAE) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Animal. Área de concentração: Biodiversidade Orientadora: Prof. Dra. Helena Piccoli Romanowski UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL PORTO ALEGRE 2016 ECOLOGIA POPULACIONAL DE Taygetis ypthima Hübner, [1821] (NYMPHALIDAE) VANESSA SCHAEFFER PEDROTTI Aprovada em _____de_____________2016. _____________________________________ Dr. Milton de Souza Mendonça Jr _____________________________________ Dr. Ronaldo Bastos Francini _____________________________________ Dr. Cristiano Agra Iserhard ii Ao Marcus, pelo amor incondicional. iii Agradecimentos Aos meus melhores amigos, meus pais. Sou imensamente agradecida pelo grande carinho, dedicação, paciência, pela logística proporcionada para a realização das amostragens e pelas incansáveis ajudas nos trabalhos de campo. Agradeço por confiarem em mim e na importância do meu trabalho. Amo-os muito! Ao Marcus meu amor. Agradeço pela compreensão, carinho, cumplicidade e pela paciência ao longo do mestrado. Sua música e seu bom humor sempre me ajudaram a suavizar esta longa e muitas vezes difícil caminhada. Que bom que nos encontramos! À minha orientadora Helena Romanowski, por gentilmente ter me acolhido no laboratório desde a minha época de graduação e por sempre ter me incentivado a continuar trabalhando neste fascinante mundo das borboletas. Agradeço pela confiança, incentivo, pela essencial ajuda nas revisões, no desenvolvimento desta dissertação e pelas palavras confortantes nos momentos difíceis. Ao Nicolás Mega, pela ajuda nas análises, revisões e pelo conhecimento transmitido ao longo da nossa convivência. Valeu Nico! Ao Alfred Moser, por me transmitir parte do seu vasto conhecimento sobre borboletas e por oportunizar uma experiência ímpar em minha vida profissional. Ao Diego, pela grande parceria ao longo do mestrado e pelo seu indiscutível empenho nas amostragens. Agradeço por me ajudar sempre que precisei. Valeu! Ao querido primo Marcelo, pela grande ajuda nos trabalhos de campo. Nunca esquecerei nossa agradável convivência e o seu insuperável chimarrão. Ao Murilo Guimarães, pela ajuda na organização e análise de dados. Às parcerias de imersão (dissertação) em São Chico, Amanda e Priscilla. Fico agradecida por dividirmos bons momentos no mestrado. A todos que auxiliaram nas amostragens de campo, valeu pela força: Mãe, Pai, Marcelo, Marcus, Diego, Carla, Nicolás, Andressa, Rafa, Vanessa S., Moser, Camila e Clediane. A colaboração de cada um foi fundamental para a execução deste trabalho. Aos colegas e ex-colegas de laboratório: Andressa, Marcelo, Gui, Juliane, Diego, Carla, Mel, Lúcio, Rafa, Ronaldo, Lidi, Vanessa, Fabi e Alexsandra, pela agradável convivência e pela troca de ideias e conhecimento. Ao proprietário do Veraneio Hampel, por permitir a realização do projeto na área e aos funcionários por sempre me receberem de braços abertos. Ao fascinante mundo da Taygetis ypthima, por deixar registrado em minha vida momentos de grande alegria. iv Sumário Apresentação ................................................................................................................................ vii Resumo ........................................................................................................................................ viii 1. Introdução ............................................................................................................................... 10 1.1. Bioma Mata Atlântica – Mata com Araucária .................................................................. 10 1.2. Ecologia populacional ....................................................................................................... 11 1.3. A família Nymphalidae (Satyrinae) ................................................................................... 13 1.4. O gênero Taygetis Hübner, [1819] ................................................................................... 13 1.5. A espécie Taygetis ypthima Hübner, [1821] ................................................................... 15 1.6. Hipóteses do trabalho ...................................................................................................... 18 2. Objetivos ................................................................................................................................. 20 2.1. Objetivo geral ................................................................................................................... 20 2.2. Objetivos específicos ........................................................................................................ 20 3. Resultados Gerais .................................................................................................................... 21 3.1. Estrutura populacional ..................................................................................................... 21 3.2. Dinâmica populacional ..................................................................................................... 22 Artigo 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 33 Estrutura populacional e história natural de Taygetis ypthima Hübner, [1821] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) ............................................................................................................. 33 Resumo .................................................................................................................................... 34 Introdução ............................................................................................................................... 35 Material e Métodos ................................................................................................................. 36 Área de estudo ..................................................................................................................... 36 Amostragem da população e parâmetros analisados ......................................................... 37 Análises de dados ................................................................................................................ 39 Resultados...............................................................................................................................40 Abundância populacional ................................................................................................... 40 Razão sexual ........................................................................................................................ 41 Estruturação etária ............................................................................................................. 41 Tamanho da asa .................................................................................................................. 41 Vagilidade ........................................................................................................................... 41 Tempo de residência............................................................................................................ 42 História natural e comportamento ..................................................................................... 42 Discussão ................................................................................................................................. 43 Agradecimentos ...................................................................................................................... 49 Referências .............................................................................................................................. 49 Instructions for Authors ........................................................................................................ 63 Artigo 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 68 Dinâmica populacional de Taygetis ypthima Hübner, [1821] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), uma borboleta de inverno .................................................................................................................... 68 Resumo .................................................................................................................................... 69 Introdução.............................................................................................................................. 70 Material e Métodos ................................................................................................................. 72 Área do Estudo .................................................................................................................... 72 Amostragem da população .................................................................................................. 73 Análise demográfica ............................................................................................................ 75 Resultados ............................................................................................................................... 76 Discussão ................................................................................................................................. 78 Agradecimentos......................................................................................................................81
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