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Disability in the Industrial Revolution Disability in the Industrial Revolution in the Industrial Disability The Industrial Revolution produced injury, illness and disablement on a large scale, but nowhere was this more visible than in coalmining. Disability in the Industrial Revolution sheds new light on the human cost of industrialisation by examining the lives and experiences of people disabled in a sector that was vital to Britain’s economic growth. Although it is commonly assumed that industrialisation led to increasing marginalisation of people with impairments, disabled mineworkers were expected to return to work wherever possible, and new medical services were developed to assist in this endeavour. Using a rich and innovative mix of sources, ranging from official reports to autobiographies, this book examines disability and its consequences in the coalfields of Scotland, north east England and south Wales. It explores how working conditions, the organisation of labour, and employer attitudes affected the ability of impaired miners to find employment. It charts the multifaceted responses to disablement, ranging from health and safety regulation to welfare programmes. Recognising that experiences of disability extended beyond the world of work, the book discusses the family, community and cultural lives of disabled mineworkers. It also shows how disability played an important role in industrial relations and shaped class identity. In doing so, it not only demonstrates that disabled people contributed to Britain’s TURNER AND BLACKIE industrial development, but also shows how concerns about disability shaped responses to industrialisation. This book will appeal to students and academics interested in disability, occupational health and social history. Disability in the David M. Turner is Professor of Cover image: History at Swansea University A View of Murton Colliery near Seaham, County Durham, Industrial Revolution Daniel Blackie is a Postdoctoral James Wilson Carmichael, 1843. Oil on canvas Research Fellow in the History of Science and Ideas at the University ISBN 978-1-5261-1815-8 Physical impairment in British of Oulu, Finland coalmining, 1780–1880 DAVID M. TURNER 9 781526 118158 www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk AND DANIEL BLACKIE David M. Turner and Daniel Blackie - 9781526125774 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/03/2021 06:40:16PM via free access DISABILITY IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION David M. Turner and Daniel Blackie - 9781526125774 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/03/2021 06:40:16PM via free access Series editors Dr Julie Anderson, Professor Walton Schalick, III This new series published by Manchester University Press responds to the growing interest in disability as a discipline worthy of historical research. The series has a broad international historical remit, encompassing issues that include class, race, gender, age, war, medical treatment, professionalisation, environments, work, institutions and cultural and social aspects of disablement including representations of disabled people in literature, film, art and the media. Already published Deafness, community and culture in Britain: leisure and cohesion, 1945–1995 Martin Atherton Rethinking modern prostheses in Anglo-American commodity cultures, 1820–1939 Claire L. Jones (ed.) Destigmatising mental illness? Professional politics and public education in Britain, 1870–1970 Vicky Long Intellectual disability: a conceptual history, 1200–1900 Patrick McDonagh, C. F. Goodey and Tim Stainton (eds) Fools and idiots? Intellectual disability in the Middle Ages Irina Metzler Framing the moron: the social construction of feeble-mindedness in the American eugenics era Gerald V. O’Brien Recycling the disabled: army, medicine, and modernity in WWI Germany Heather R. Perry Worth saving: disabled children during the Second World War Sue Wheatcroft David M. Turner and Daniel Blackie - 9781526125774 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/03/2021 06:40:16PM via free access DISABILITY IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENT IN BRITISH COALMINING, 1780–1880 David M. Turner and Daniel Blackie Manchester University Press David M. Turner and Daniel Blackie - 9781526125774 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/03/2021 06:40:16PM via free access Copyright © David M. Turner and Daniel Blackie 2018 The rights of David M. Turner and Daniel Blackie to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This electronic version has been made freely available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY- NC-ND) licence, thanks to the support of the Wellcome Trust. A copy of the licence can be viewed at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Published by Manchester University Press Altrincham Street, Manchester M1 7JA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 5261 1815 8 hardback ISBN 978 1 5261 2577 4 open access First published 2018 The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Typeset in 10/12pt Arno Pro by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire David M. Turner and Daniel Blackie - 9781526125774 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/03/2021 06:40:16PM via free access In memory of Anne Borsay David M. Turner and Daniel Blackie - 9781526125774 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/03/2021 06:40:16PM via free access David M. Turner and Daniel Blackie - 9781526125774 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/03/2021 06:40:16PM via free access Contents List of figures viii Series editors’ foreword ix Acknowledgements x List of abbreviations xii Introduction 1 1 Disability and work in the coal economy 23 2 Medicine and the miner’s body 55 3 Disability and welfare 93 4 Disability, family and community 128 5 The industrial politics of disablement 163 Conclusion 200 Select bibliography 208 Index 223 David M. Turner and Daniel Blackie - 9781526125774 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/03/2021 06:40:16PM via free access Figures 1 British coalfields in the nineteenth century, adapted from R. A. S. Redmayne, ‘The Coal-Mining Industry of the United Kingdom’, The Engineering Magazine, xxvi (1904). Credit: Notuncurious/ Wikimedia Commons/CC-BY-SA-3.0. 10 2 A coal mine: miners at work above and below ground. Wellcome Library, London/CC-BY 4.0. 43 3 ‘The Strike in South Wales: Interior of a Collier’s Cottage’, Illustrated London News, 18 January 1873. Copyright Illustrated London News Ltd/Mary Evans. 137 4 ‘Capital and Labour’, Punch, 29 July 1843. Reproduced with the permission of Punch Ltd. Punch.co.uk. 164 5 ‘Pitmen Encamped’, Illustrated London News, 3 August 1844. Copyright Illustrated London News Ltd/Mary Evans. 181 David M. Turner and Daniel Blackie - 9781526125774 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/03/2021 06:40:16PM via free access Series editors’ foreword You know a subject has achieved maturity when a book series is dedicated to it. In the case of disability, while it has co-existed with human beings for centuries the study of disability’s history is still quite young. In setting up this series, we chose to encourage multi-methodologic history rather than a purely traditional historical approach, as researchers in disability history come from a wide variety of disciplinary backgrounds. Equally ‘dis- ability’ history is a diverse topic which benefits from a variety of approaches in order to appreciate its multi-dimensional characteristics. A test for the team of authors and editors who bring you this series is typical of most series, but disability also brings other consequential challenges. At this time disability is highly contested as a social category in both developing and developed contexts. Inclusion, philosophy, money, education, visibility, sexuality, identity and exclusion are but a handful of the social categories in play. With this degree of politicisation, language is necessarily a cardinal focus. In an effort to support the plurality of historical voices, the editors have elected to give fair rein to language. Language is historically contingent and can appear offensive to our contemporary sensitivities. The authors and editors believe that the use of terminology that accurately reflects the historical period of any book in the series will assist readers in their understanding of the history of disability in time and place. Finally, disability offers the cultural, social and intellectual historian a new ‘take’ on the world we know. We see disability history as one of a few nascent fields with the potential to reposition our understanding of the flow of cultures, society, institutions, ideas and lived experience. Conceptualisations of ‘society’ since the early modern period have heavily stressed principles of autonomy, rationality and the subjectivity of the individual agent. Consequently we are frequently oblivious to the historical contingency of the present with respect to those elements. Disability disturbs those foundational features of ‘the modern’. Studying disability history helps us resituate our policies, our beliefs and our experiences. Julie Anderson Walton O. Schalick, III David M. Turner and Daniel Blackie - 9781526125774 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/03/2021 06:40:16PM via free access x DISABILITY IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Acknowledgements
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