Galen's Reception in Byzantium: Symeon Seth and His Refutation Of
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Brain Diseases in Greek Meta-Byzantine Society
Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, vol. 2, no. 4, 2013, 53-60 ISSN: 2241-2328 (print version), 2241-2336 (online) Scienpress Ltd, 2013 A Socio-Historical Survey of Brain Diseases in Greek Post-Byzantine Society Anastasia K. Kadda1, Nikolas S. Koumpouros2 and Aristotelis P. Mitsos3 Abstract The aim of this study is to present a socio-historical survey of brain diseases and their treatment in Greek post-Byzantine society. For this purpose, research was carried out using Manuscript No. 218 of the Iviron Monastery of Mount Athos. The analysis of this manuscript produced the following conclusions: a) brain diseases are prominently discussed and described in the manuscript, b) the influence of ancient Greek and Roman medicine on Byzantine and on post-Byzantine medical science and society is manifested in the etiology, symptom-matology and therapeutic means of treating brain diseases, c) social factors were seriously taken into account as an important aspect of therapeutic procedure, d) many therapeutic methods were proved to be socially beneficial, e) brain disorders and diseases appear to be diachronic. Keywords: Brain diseases; ancient Greek medicine; Byzantine medicine; social factors; socially beneficial therapeutic means; 1 Introduction The apprehension of health and illness and the type of medicine used at different times and places are models which change according to each epoch and the prevailing social conditions. In other words, the main criteria for a society’s definition of health/illness do not remain static throughout history; instead, they are constantly redefined according to the broad social and cultural frame in which they develop and according to the social concepts of each historical period, thus conferring a social dimension and background to health/illness, a fact which applies to all periods of time in history. -
Byzantine Medicine: the Finlayson Memorial
THE GLASGOW MEDICAL JOURNAL. No. Y. November, 1913. ORIGINAL ARTICLES.] BYZANTINE MEDICINE: THE FINLA^g^r- MEMORIAL LECTURE.1 By Sir THOMAS CLIFFORD ALLBUTT, K.C.B., LL.D., D.Sc., M.D.r Regius Professor of Physic, Cambridge. Mr. Chairman, Ladies, and Gentlemen,?We are gathered together to-day in memory of James Finlayson, a wise physician and a gentle scholar. More than once, with the art of the scholar and the love of the benefactor, he displayed to me some of the treasures of your library. I would that my lecture to-day were more worthy of him. It was a fine saying of that great historian and physician, Charles Daremberg, that in the domain of mind, as in that of matter, we cannot believe in spontaneous generation. The springs of life and the development of life; its order in variety; its integrations of ever new and broader functions of the world around it; its compass and comprehension; 1 Delivered in the Faculty Hall on Friday, 6th June, 1913. No. 5. X Vol. LXXX. 322 Sir Clifford Allbutt?Byzantine Medicine: these growing powers, these rich and manifold qualities have their lineage ; they have their origin in the past; they have their ancestry, their laws of tradition, their channels of nurture; and if animal development cannot spring directly from the clay into high wrought organs and various functions, neither likewise can the spiritual life. It, too, must have its lineage, its race; from parent to parent the social life is engendered and nurtured; from generation to generation it dwells upon its gradual houses, families, tribes, and rejoices in its children; it learns to reflect upon its history in the past, and from that vantage to reach forth into its future and to imagine its destiny. -
Literature on Ṭāʿūn/Plague Treatises* Mustakim Arıcı** Translated by Faruk Akyıldız***
Silent Sources of the History of Epidemics in the Islamic World: Literature on Ṭāʿūn/Plague Treatises* Mustakim Arıcı** Translated by Faruk Akyıldız*** Abstract From 1347 onwards, new literature emerged in the Islamic and Western worlds: the Ṭā‘ūn [Plague] Treatises. The literature in Islamdom was underpinned by three things: (i) Because the first epidemic was a phenomenon that had been experienced since the birth of Islam, ṭā‘ūn naturally occurred on the agenda of hadith sources, prophetic biography, and historical works. This agenda was reflected in the treatises as discussions around epidemics, particularly plague, as well as the fight against disease in general in a religious and jurisprudential framework. (ii) Works aimed at diagnosing the plague and dealing with various aspects of it tried to explain disease on the basis of Galenic-Avicennian medicine within the framework of miasma theory, thus deriving their basis from this medical paradigm. (iii) Finally, the encounter with such a brutal illness prompted a quest for all possible remedies, including the occultist culture. This background shaped the language and content of the treatises at different levels. This article first evaluates the modern studies on plague treatises written in the Islamic world. Then, it surveys the Islamic historical sources in order to pin down the meaning they assign to the concepts of wabā’ [epidemic disease] and ṭā‘ūn [plague]. Certain medical works that were the resources for medical doctrines and terminology for plague treatises are also evaluated with a focus on these two concepts. Thus, the aim of this survey is to understand the general conception of epidemic disease and plague in the Islamic world before the Black Death (1346-1353). -
Daf Ditty Eruvin 103- Papyrus As Bandage
Daf Ditty Eruvin 103: Papyrus, Bandaging, Despair The Soul has Bandaged moments The Soul has Bandaged moments - When too appalled to stir - She feels some ghastly Fright come up And stop to look at her - Salute her, with long fingers - Caress her freezing hair - Sip, Goblin, from the very lips The Lover - hovered - o'er - Unworthy, that a thought so mean Accost a Theme - so - fair - The soul has moments of escape - When bursting all the doors - She dances like a Bomb, abroad, And swings opon the Hours, As do the Bee - delirious borne - Long Dungeoned from his Rose - Touch Liberty - then know no more - But Noon, and Paradise The Soul's retaken moments - When, Felon led along, With shackles on the plumed feet, And staples, in the song, The Horror welcomes her, again, These, are not brayed of Tongue - EMILY DICKINSON 1 Her bandaged prison of depression or despair is truly a hell from which no words can escape, whether a call for help, a poem, or a prayer. 2 3 Rashi . שדקמ but not outside of the בש ת on שדקמה ב י ת may wrap a reed over his wound in the הכ ן A If he ימג יסמ - the ימג and, wound the heals פר ו הא תבשב ובש ת ה י א . ;explains, as the Gemara later says . אד ו ר י י את א י ס ו ר because it’s an , שדקמ in the סא ו ר is trying to draw out blood, it is even MISHNA: With regard to a priest who was injured on his finger on Shabbat, he may temporarily wrap it with a reed so that his wound is not visible while he is serving in the Temple. -
Bbbs 38 (2012)
38 2012 BULLETIN OF BRITISH BYZANTINE STUDIES BULLETIN OF BRITISH BYZANTINE STUDIES 38 ISSN 0265-162 2012 being the Bulletin of the Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies 1. Chairmen, Secretaries and Addresses of National Committees of the International Association of Byzantine Studies Albania: Dhorka Dhamo, Pellumb Xhufi, Rr Sulejman Pasha Pall 124, Shk. 3, Apart 37, Tirana, Albania Australia: Dr Bronwen Neil (President), Centre for Early Christian Studies, Australian Catholic University, PO Box 456, Virginia, Queensland 4014 ([email protected]); Dr Andrew Gillett (Secretary & Newsletter Editor), Department of Ancient History, Division of Humanities, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109. Email: [email protected] Austria: Prof Dr Andreas Külzer (Secretary), Institut für Byzantinistik und Neogräzistik der Universität Wien, Postgrasse 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. Email: [email protected] Belgium: Anne Tihon (President); Jacques Noret (Vice-President and Treasurer); Caroline Mace (Secretary). Address of the Society for Byzantine Studies: Rue Ducale 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; address of the secretariat: Kardinaal Mercierplein 2, B3000 Leuven, Belgium Brazil: Angela Comnene, G. Kambani, 505 St Laurent Blvd, suite 106, Ottawa K1K4-4, Canada Bulgaria: Prof. Vassil Ghiuselev (President), University of Sofia "St Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of History, 15 Tsar Osvoboditel Bd., Room 40A, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria. Canada: Antony Littlewood, Dept. of Classical Studies, The University of Western Ontario, Talbot College, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 3K7 Chile: Alejandro Zorbas, Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Filosofia, Centro de Estudios Bizantinos y Neohelenicos, Casilla 10136, Santiago, Chile China: Zhu Huan, Xu Jia-Lin, Wang Yue, History Dept., Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. -
40 2014 Bulletin of British Byzantine Studies
40 2014 BULLETIN OF BRITISH BYZANTINE STUDIES BULLETIN OF BRITISH BYZANTINE STUDIES 40 ISSN 0265-162 2014 being the Bulletin of the Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies CONTENTS 1. National Committees of International Association 1 2. Membership of the S.P.B.S. Executive Committee 4 3. Publications & Work in Progress 6 4. Fieldwork & Projects 33 5. Theses 46 6. Conferences, Lectures & Seminar Series 57 7. Conference Reports 71 8. Museums & Exhibitions 81 9. University News 83 10. Obituaries 85 11. 46th Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies: Report 87 12. 47th Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies: Programme 88 13. Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies 107 A. Society Lectures & Events B. New Members C. Membership of the Executive D. Minutes of 2013 AGM Treasurer’s Report Agenda of 2014 AGM 14. Books & Websites 116 Front cover: Tetrarchs, St Mark’s, Venice © Shaun Tougher, Cardiff International Association of Byzantine Studies National Committees 1. Officers and Addresses of National Committees of the International Association of Byzantine Studies Albania: Lida Miraj (President) - [email protected], Andi Rëmbeci (Secretary) - [email protected] Armenia: Hrach Bartikyan (President), Erna Manca Shirinian (Vice President), Anna Arevshatyan (Secretary), Zaruhi Pogossian (Treasurer), Yerevan, 53 Mashtots Av. Australia: Dr Bronwen Neil (President), Centre for Early Christian Studies, Australian Catholic University, PO Box 456, Virginia, Queensland 4014 ([email protected]); Dr Andrew Gillett (Secretary & Newsletter Editor), Department of Ancient History, Division of Humanities, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109. Email: [email protected] Austria: Prof Dr Andreas Külzer (Secretary), Institut für Byzantinistik und Neogräzistik der Universität Wien, Postgrasse 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. -
Abandonment of Terminally Ill Patients in the Byzantine Era
J Med Ethics: first published as 10.1136/jme.25.3.254 on 1 June 1999. Downloaded from Journal ofMedical Ethics 1999;25:254-258 Abandonment of terminally ill patients in the Byzantine era. An ancient tradition? John Lascaratos, Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou and Spyros Marketos National University ofAthens, National Centre ofHealth and National University ofAthens, respectively Abstract (anthropos) rather than to his art (techne) and to Our research on the texts of the Byzantine historians treat all his patients irrespective of class, status or and chroniclers revealed an apparently curious wealth and ability to pay. In these societies the phenomenon, namely, the abandonment of terminally doctors' altruistic duty apparently involves the ill emperors by their physicians when the latter compassionate care and consolation of the termi- realised that they could not offer anyfurther nally ill.3 For these reasons one can nowadays be treatment. This attitude tallies with the mentality of surprised to find, on studying the Byzantine histo- the ancient Greek physicians, who even in rians and chroniclers, some cases of abandonment Hippocratic times thought the treatment and care of ofdying emperors by their physicians who realised the terminally ill to be a challenge to nature and that they could not offer any further medical hubris to the gods. Nevertheless, it is a very curious treatment. The meaning of abandonment in these attitude in the light of the concepts of the Christian texts seems to have been exclusively restricted to Byzantine physicians who, according to the doctrines medical treatment when no further scientific help of the Christian religion, should have been imbued was possible and only philanthropic and Christian with the spirit ofphilanthropy and love for their compassion remained to be offered. -
Conference Booklet
O nd O X F O R D U 22 C E N T R E f o r B Y Z A N T I N E B International R E S E A R C H G r a d u a t e Oxford Centre for S C o n f e re n c e Late Antiquity H I S T O R Y FACULTY The State Between OXFORD Liminality, Transition 2 8 - 2 9 & Transformation FEBRUARY 2 0 2 0 in Late Antiquity & Byzantium The Oxford University Byzantine Society’s XXII International Graduate Conference The State Between: Liminality, Transition and Transformation in Late Antiquity and Byzantium 28th -29th February 2020 History Faculty, Oxford Was conceived and organised by Daniel Gallaher (President) Lorenzo Saccon (Secretary) Josh Hitt (Treasurer) In collaboration with Aikaterini Vavaliou And made possible through the generous support of The Oxford Centre for Byzantine Research (OCBR) www.ocbr.ox.ac.uk The Oxford Centre for Late Antiquity (OCLA) www.ocla.ox.ac.uk Oxford Medieval Studies (OMS) https://www.torch.ox.ac.uk/oxford-medieval-studies The Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) https://ahrc.ukri.org/ The Oxford Research Centre for Humanities (TORCH) www.torch.ox.ac.uk History Faculty, Oxford www.history.ox.ac.uk/home With thanks to the organising committee Cover Image Credit: Chloé Agar Cory Johnson Alberto Ravani Background Photo: Mosaic of Theodora - Basilica of San Vitale (Ravenna, Italy) Philip Atkins John-Francis Martin Sofia Simões Coelho © Petar Milošević / CC BY-SA James Cogbill Callan Meynell Rebekah Wahnon-Pym Graphic Design: Aikaterini Vavaliou for the OUBS Miranda Gronow Raymond Ngoh Julian Wood 2 3 Welcome The conference committee wishes you all a very warm welcome to the Oxford University Byzantine Society’s 22nd International Graduate Conference. -
Medical Books in the Byzantine World
EIKASMOS Quaderni Bolognesi di Filologia Classica Studi Online, 2 MEDICAL BOOKS IN THE BYZANTINE WORLD EDITED BY BARBARA ZIPSER BOLOGNA 2013 Medical books in the Byzantine world edited by BarbaraZipser Bologna 2013 o Eikasmós Online II ISSN 2282-2178 In memoriam David Bennett y Table of Contents Acknowledgments . vii List of figures. .xi List of abbreviations . xii 1. Prefatory note: the uses of medical manuscripts Peregrine Horden (RHUL and Oxford). .1 2. Byzantine medicine, genres, and the ravages of time Vivian Nutton (UCL) . 7 3. Disease and where to treat it: a Byzantine vade mecum Dionysios Stathakopoulos (KCL) . 19 4. Two Latin Pre-Salernitan medical manuals, the Liber passionalis and the Tereoperica (Ps. Petroncellus) Klaus-Dietrich Fischer (Mainz) . 35 5. The fate of a Greek medical handbook in the Medieval West: the Intro- duction, or the Physician ascribed to Galen Caroline Petit (ICS) . 57 6. Aristotle and the Caliph's Dream. Aspects of medical translations David Bennett (formerly NHS and RHUL) . 79 7. `Syriac' plant names in a fifteenth century Greek glossary (From the Wellcome Library Books and Manuscripts) Nikolaj Serikoff (Wellcome Library). .97 8. The Reception of Galen's Art of medicine in the Syriac Book of medicines Siam Bhayro (Exeter) . 123 9. Medieval hospital formularies: Byzantium and Islam compared Peregrine Horden (RHUL and Oxford) . 145 10. Cancerous cells, Neanderthal DNA and the tradition of Byzantine me- dicine. Textual criticism in philology and genomics Florian Markowetz (Cancer Research UK Cambridge and University of Cambridge) and Barbara Zipser (RHUL) . 165 Acknowledgements This volume originates from a conference on Byzantine Medical Manuals in Context, held in central London on the 19th of September 2009. -
583 WRITING the HISTORY of FATNESS and THINNESS in GRAECO-ROMAN ANTIQUITY 1. Introduction: Fatness, Disabilities and the Ancient
MEDICINA NEI SECOLI ARTE E SCIENZA, 28/2 (2016) 583-658 Journal of History of Medicine Articoli/Articles WRITING THE HISTORY OF FATNESS AND THINNESS IN GRAECO-ROMAN ANTIQUITY CHRISTIAN LAES University of Antwerp, Belgium University of Tampere, Finland SUMMARY WRITING THE HISTORY OF FATNESS AND THINNESS IN GRAECO-ROMAN ANTIQUITY Fatness and thinness has been a much underexploited topic in the study of classical Antiquity. After carefully analyzing the Greek and Roman vocabulary to denote the matter, I catalogue information on concrete instances of persons who were considered to have suffered from overweight, or emaciation. On a second level, I deal with popular mentality regarding overweight or thinness. Thirdly, medical and/or philosophical theory regarding weight problems are studied. In this, the moral discourse linking obesity with gluttony or weakness and avarice with underweight will be studied. I will also ask whether changed Christian attitudes towards the body and bodily functions lead to new concepts regarding the matter. For these different levels of questions, I take into account concepts of disability history, asking whether the obviously impairing factors of excess weight or the opposite of it lead to social disfunctionality, hindering people from important social functions and subjecting them to social stigma. 1. Introduction: fatness, disabilities and the ancient world For some years, the introduction of a ‘fat tax’ for overweight fliers has come under consideration. The controversial measure was not proposed by budget airlines only. Charging obese passengers for one Key words: Fatness - Thinness - Graeco-Roman antiquity 583 Christian Laes extra seat was supported by a considerable majority of the popula- tion in surveys, and also larger airlines and tour companies consid- ered the matter. -
Progressive Reactionary: the Life and Works of John Caius, Md
PROGRESSIVE REACTIONARY: THE LIFE AND WORKS OF JOHN CAIUS, MD by Dannielle Marie Cagliuso Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2015 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This thesis was presented by Dannielle Marie Cagliuso It was defended on July 20, 2015 and approved by Dr. Peter Distelzweig, Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy (University of St. Thomas) Dr. Emily Winerock, Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of History Dr. Janelle Greenberg, Professor, Department of History Thesis Director: Dr. James G. Lennox, Professor and Chair, Department of History and Philosophy of Science ii Copyright © by Dannielle Marie Cagliuso 2015 iii PROGRESSIVE REACTIONARY: THE LIFE AND WORKS OF JOHN CAIUS, MD Dannielle Marie Cagliuso, BPhil University of Pittsburgh, 2015 The picture of Dr. John Caius (1510-1573) is fraught with contradictions. Though he had an excellent reputation among his contemporaries, subsequent scholars tend to view him more critically. Caius is frequently condemned as a reactionary and compared unfavorably to his more “progressive” contemporaries, like Conrad Gesner and Andreas Vesalius. This approach to Caius is an example of what I term “progressivist history,” a prevalent but problematic trend in historical scholarship. Progressivist history applies a progressive-reactionary dichotomy to the past, splitting people and events into two discrete camps. By exploring the life and works of John Caius and comparing him to some of his “progressive” contemporaries, I reveal why this dichotomy is problematic. It treats both the progressive “heroes” and reactionary “villains” unfairly in that it fails to appreciate the agency of each individual and the nuanced differences between them. -
Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen: Selected Papers
Istituto per il Lessico Intellettuale Europeo e Storia delle Idee Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche http://www.iliesi.cnr.it http://www.iliesi.cnr.it/covid19.php Illness in ConText parole di filosofia e orientamento nella pandemia testi e articoli Jacques Jouanna. Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen: Selected Papers. Translated by, Neil Allies. Edited with a preface by, Philip van der Eijk. (Studies in Ancient Medicine, 40.), Brill, 2012 Parole chiave: contagio Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen Studies in Ancient Medicine Edited by John Scarborough Philip J. van der Eijk Ann Ellis Hanson Joseph Ziegler VOLUME 40 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/sam Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen Selected Papers By Jacques Jouanna Translated by Neil Allies Edited with a Preface by Philip van der Eijk LEIDEN • BOSTON 2012 Cover illustration: Miniature from the rst page of Galen's Commentary on Hippocrates' Prognostic as preserved in a Latin manuscript from Naples, VIII D 25 f. 85. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jouanna, Jacques. [Selections. English. 2012] Greek medicine from Hippocrates to Galen : selected papers / by Jacques Jouanna ; edited with a preface by Philip van der Eijk, translated by Neil Allies. p. cm. – (Studies in ancient medicine, ISSN 0925-1421 ; v. 40) Articles originally published in French. Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-20859-9 (hbk. : acid-free paper) – ISBN 978-90-04-23254-9 (e-book) 1. Medicine, Greek and Roman–History. 2. Medicine, Greek and Roman–Philosophy. 3. Hippocrates. 4. Galen. I. van der Eijk, Philip. II. Allies, Neil.